Abraham Lincoln - Wikipedia

Abraham Lincoln - Wikipedia
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Abraham Lincoln
human
Ein sex anaa gender
male
Ein country of citizenship
United States
Name in native language
Abraham Lincoln
Name wey dem give am
Abraham
Family name
Lincoln
Ein date of birth
12 February 1809
Place dem born am
Sinking Spring Farm
Date wey edie
15 April 1865
Place wey edie
Petersen House
Manner of death
homicide
Cause of death
shot to the head
Killed by
John Wilkes Booth
Place wey dem bury am
Lincoln Tomb
Ein poppie
Thomas Lincoln
Mummie
Nancy Hanks Lincoln
Sibling
Sarah Lincoln Grigsby
Thomas Lincoln, Jr.
Spouse
Mary Todd Lincoln
Kiddie
Edward Baker Lincoln
Tad Lincoln
Robert Todd Lincoln
William Wallace Lincoln
Family
Lincoln family
Significant person
Joshua Fry Speed
Native language
American English
Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign
American English
Writing language
Position ehold
member of the United States House of Representatives
President of the United States
member of the Illinois House of Representatives
President-elect of the United States
Residence
Springfield
Washington, D.C.
Perry County
Hodgenville
Lincoln
s New Salem
Work location
Springfield
Washington, D.C.
Political party ein member
Republican Party
Whig Party
National Union Party
Candidacy in election
1860 United States presidential election
1864 United States presidential election
1846 United States House of Representatives elections
Ethnic group
Religion anaa worldview
Baptists
ietsism
Facial hair
chin curtain
Wears
top hat
Military, police or special rank
captain
Participated in conflict
Black Hawk War
American Civil War
Military branch
Illinois National Guard
Notable work
Gettysburg Address
Dey archive for
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
Beinecke Rare Book
Manuscript Library
Artist files at
Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library
Owner of
Lincoln Bible
Fido
Abraham Lincoln
s patent
Influenced by
Bible
Sufferings in Africa
The Pilgrim’s Progress
Significant event
funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln
first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
assassination of Abraham Lincoln
second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Present in work
Who
s Who in Star Trek 1
Depicted by
Lincoln
Evil Con Carne
Copyright status as creator
copyrights on works have expired
Abraham Lincoln
(February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) na he be de 16th presido of de United States, wey he serve from 1861 til ein assassination insyd 1865. Na he lead de United States thru de American Civil War, wey na he defeat de Confederate States of America wey na he play a major role insyd de abolition of slavery.
Na dem born Lincoln into poverty insyd Kentucky wey dem raise am on de frontier. Na he be self-educated wey na he cam turn a lawyer, Illinois state legislator, den U.S. representative. Angered by de Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854, wich na e open de territories to slavery, he cam turn a leader of de new Republican Party. Na he reach a national audience insyd de 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Na Lincoln win de 1860 presidential election, buh na de South view ein election as a threat to slavery, wey na de Southern states begin dey secede make dem form de Confederate States of America. A month after na Lincoln assume de presidency, Confederate forces attack Fort Sumter, wey start de Civil War.
Na Lincoln, a moderate Republican, for navigate a contentious array of factions insyd make he dey manage de war effort. Na he suspend de writ of
habeas corpus
insyd April 1861, an action wey na Chief Justice Roger Taney find unconstitutional insyd
Ex parte Merryman
, wey na he avert war plus Britain by defusing de
Trent
Affair. On January 1, 1863, na he issued de
Emancipation Proclamation
, wich declare de slaves insyd de states "insyd rebellion" make dem be free. On November 19, 1863, na he deliver de Gettysburg Address, wich cam be one of de most famous speeches insyd American history. Na Lincoln closely supervise de strategy den tactics insyd de war effort, wey dey include de selection of generals, wey he implement a naval blockade of Southern ports. Na he promote de Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, wich, insyd 1865, na dem abolish slavery, except as punishment for a crime. Na dem re-elect am insyd 1864, na he sought make he heal de war-torn nation thru Reconstruction.
On April 14, 1865, five days after de Confederate surrender at Appomattox, na he dey attend a play at Ford's Theatre insyd Washington, D.C., wen na dem shoot am fatally by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Dem dey kai Lincoln as a martyr den a national hero for ein wartime leadership den for ein efforts make he preserve de Union den abolish slavery. Dem often dey rank am insyd both popular den scholarly polls as de greatest presido insyd American history.
Family den kiddie time
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Early life
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Na dem born Abraham Lincoln on February 12, 1809, insyd a log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. De second kiddie of Thomas Lincoln den Nancy Hanks Lincoln, na he be a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman wey migrate from England to Massachusetts insyd 1638, den of de Harrison family of Virginia.Na ein paternal grandpoppie den namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln, move de family from Virginia to Kentucky. Na dem kill de captain insyd a Native American raid insyd 1786. Na Thomas, Abraham ein poppie, then work at odd jobs insyd Kentucky den Tennessee before de family settle insyd Hardin County, Kentucky, insyd de early 1800s. Na Lincoln mommie Nancy be widely assumed she be de daughter of Lucy Hanks. Na Thomas den Nancy marry on June 12, 1806, wey dem move to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. Na dem get three kiddies: Sarah, Abraham, den Thomas, wey die as an infant.
Education den move to Illinois
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Na Lincoln be largely self-educated. Na ein formal schooling be from itinerant teachers. Na e include two short stints insyd Kentucky, wer na he learn to read, buh probably no be to write. After he move to Indiana at age seven, he attend school only sporadically, for a total of less dan 12 months by age 15. Nonetheless, na he be an avid reader wey na he retain a lifelong interest insyd learning.
Wen na Lincoln be a teenager na ein poppie rely heavily on am for farmwork den for supplementary income, he hire de boy out to area farmers wey he pocket de money, as na e be allowed by law at de time. Na Lincoln den sam paddies take goods by flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana, wer na he first witness slave markets.
Marriage den kiddies
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Mary Todd Lincoln plus Willie den Tad
Sam historians, such as Michael Burlingame, identify Lincoln ein first romantic interest as Ann Rutledge, a young woman wey sanso be from Kentucky wey na he meet wen he move to New Salem, Illinois. Lewis Gannett, however, dey dispute dat de evidence dey support a romantic relationship between de two.
David Herbert Donald dey state dat "How dat friendship [between Lincoln den Rutledge] develope into a romance dem no fi reconstruct from de record". Na Rutledge die on August 25, 1835, of typhoid fever. Na Lincoln take ein death very hard, wey he sink into a serious depression wey na he contemplate suicide.
Insyd de early 1830s, na he meet Mary Owens wey komot Kentucky. Late insyd 1836, na Lincoln agree to a match plus Owens if she return to New Salem. Na Owens arrive dat November wey na he court am, buh na dem both get second thoughts. On August 16, 1837, na he wrep Owens a letter saying he no go blame am if na she end de relationship, wey she decline make she marry am. Insyd 1839, na Lincoln meet Mary Todd insyd Springfield, Illinois, wey na dem engaged de year wey dey follow year. Na she be de daughter of Robert Smith Todd, a wealthy lawyer den businessman insyd Lexington, Kentucky. Na Lincoln initially break off de engagement insyd early 1841, buh na de two reconciled den marry on November 4, 1842. Insyd 1844, na de couple buy a house insyd Springfield near ein law office.
Early vocations den militia service
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Early political offices den prairie lawyer
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Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)
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Lincoln ein home insyd Springfield, Illinois, wer na he reside from 1844 til he cam be presido insyd 1861
Insyd Lincoln ein second state house campaign insyd 1834, dis time as a Whig den supporter of Whig leader Henry Clay, na he fini second among thirteen candidates wey dey run for four places. Na Lincoln echo Clay ein support for de American Colonization Society, wich na advocate abolition in conjunction plus settling freed slaves insyd
Liberia
. Na de Whigs sanso favor economic modernization insyd banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements such as railroads, den urbanization.
Na Lincoln serve four terms insyd de Illinois House of Representatives give Sangamon County. Insyd dis role, na he champion construction of de Illinois den Michigan Canal. Na Lincoln sanso vote make dem expand suffrage beyond White landowners to all White men. Na dem admit Lincoln to de Illinois bar on September 9, 1836.
Na he move to Springfield wey he begin dey practice law under John T. Stuart, Mary Todd ein cousin. Na he partner for chaw years plus Stephen T. Logan den, insyd 1844, he begin ein practice plus William Herndon.
U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)
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Insyd 1843, na Lincoln sought de Whig nomination for Illinois ein 7th district seat insyd de U.S. House of Representatives; na John J. Hardin be de successful candidate, though na Lincoln prevail plus de party insyd limiting Hardin to one term. Na Lincoln no gain de nomination insyd 1846 per, buh sanso win de election. De Whig per insyd de Illinois delegation, na dem assign am to de Committee on Post Office and Post Roads den de Committee on Expenditures insyd de War Department. Na Lincoln team plus Joshua R. Giddings on a bill make dem abolish slavery insyd de District of Columbia, buh na he drop de bill wen na e fail make e attract support from chaw oda Whigs.
Prairie lawyer
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Insyd ein Springfield practice, according to Donald, na Lincoln handle "virtually every kind of business wey fi cam before a prairie lawyer". Na he deal plus chaw transportation cases insyd de midst of de nation ein western expansion, particularly river barge conflicts under de new railroad bridges. Insyd 1849 na he receive a patent for a flotation device for de movement of riverboats insyd shallow water wey na Lincoln initially favor riverboat legal interests, buh na he represent whoever hire am. Na he represent a bridge company against a riverboat company insyd
Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Company
, a landmark case wey dey involve a canal boat wey sink after e hit a bridge. Na dem never commercialize ein patent, buh na e make Lincoln de presido per wey hold a patent. Na Lincoln appear before de Illinois Supreme Court insyd 411 cases. From 1853 to 1860, na one of ein largest clients be de Illinois Central Railroad, wey na Lincoln successfully sue make he recover ein legal fees.
Republican politics (1854–1860)
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Emergence as Republican leader
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Lincoln insyd 1858, de year of ein debates plus Stephen Douglas over slavery
Na de Compromise of 1850 fail to alleviate tensions over slavery between de slave-holding South den de free North. As de slavery debate insyd de Nebraska den Kansas territories cam be particularly acrimonious, na Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas propose popular sovereignty as a compromise; de measure go allow se electorate of each territory make dem decide de status of slavery. Na de legislation alarm chaw Northerners, wey sought make dem prevent de spread of slavery, buh na Douglas ein Kansas–Nebraska Act narrowly pass Congress insyd May 1854. Lincoln ein Peoria Speech of October 1854, insyd wich na he declare ein opposition to slavery, be one of over 170 speeches he deliver insyd de next six years on de topic of excluding slavery from de territories. Na Lincoln ein attacks on de Kansas–Nebraska Act mark ein return to political life.
1856 campaign
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Na violent political confrontations insyd Kansas continue, den opposition to de Kansas–Nebraska Act remain strong thru out de North. As na de 1856 elections approach, Lincoln join de Republicans wey he attend de Bloomington Convention, wer na dem establish de Illinois Republican Party. Na de convention platform endorse Congress ein right to regulate slavery insyd de territories wey dem back de admission of Kansas as a free state. Na Lincoln give de final speech of de convention, wey dey call for de preservation of de Union. At de June 1856 Republican National Convention, na Lincoln receive support make he run as vice pee, buh ultimately na de party put forward a ticket of John C. Frémont den William Dayton, wich na Lincoln support thru out Illinois. Na de Democrats nominate James Buchanan den de Know Nothings nominate Millard Fillmore. Na Buchanan prevail, while na Republican William Henry Bissell win election as Governor of Illinois, wey na Lincoln cam be a leading Republican insyd Illinois.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
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Na Dred Scott be a slave wey ein master take am from a slave state to a territory wey na be free as a result of de Missouri Compromise. After na Scott return to de slave state, na he petition a federal court for ein freedom. Na dem deny ein petition insyd
Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857).
Lincoln–Douglas debates den Cooper Union speech
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1860 presidential election
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On May 9–10, 1860, na dem hold de Illinois Republican State Convention insyd Decatur. Dey exploit ein embellished frontier legend of clearing land den splitting fence rails, na Lincoln ein supporters adopt de label of "The Rail Candidate". On May 18 at de Republican National Convention insyd Chicago, Lincoln win de nomination on de third ballot. Na dem nominate a former Democrat, Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, for vice president make he balance de ticket.
On November 6, 1860, na dem elect Lincoln as de first Republican president. Na ein victory entirely be secof ein support insyd de North den West. Na dem no cast ballots give am insyd 10 of de 15 Southern slave states. Na Lincoln receive 1,866,452 votes, anaa 39.8 percent of de total insyd a four-way race, wey he carry de free Northern states, as well as California den Oregon, wey he win de electoral vote decisively.
Assassination
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Na John Wilkes Booth be a well-known actor den a Confederate spy wey komot Maryland; though he never join de Confederate army, na he get contacts within de Confederate secret service. After attending Lincoln ein last public address, on April 11, 1865, insyd wich na Lincoln state ein preference dat de franchise be conferred on sam Black men, specifically "on de very intelligent, den on those wey serve wona cause as soldiers",
na Booth plot make he assassinate de Presido. Wen na Booth learn of de Lincolns dema intent make dem attend a play plus Grant, he plan make he assassinate Lincoln den Grant at Ford's Theatre. Na Lincoln den ein wifey attend de play
Our American Cousin
on de evening of April 14. At de last minute, na Grant decide make he go to New Jersey to visit ein kiddies instead of attending.
At 10:15 pm, na Booth enter Lincoln ein theater box, creep up from behind, wey na he fire at de back of Lincoln ein head, mortally wounding am. Na Lincoln ein guest, Major Henry Rathbone, momentarily grapple plus Booth, buh Booth stab am den escape.
After he be attended by Doctor Charles Leale den two oda doctors, na dem take Lincoln across de street to Petersen House. Na he remain insyd a coma for nine hours wey he die at 7:22 am on April 15. Na dem wrap Lincoln ein body insyd a flag wey na dem place am insyd a coffin, wich na dem load into a hearse wey na dem escort to de White House by Union soldiers. Na dem swear in Johnson as presido later dat same day. Two weeks later, na dem locate Booth, dem shoot, den kill am at a farm insyd Virginia by Sergeant Boston Corbett.
Memorials den commemorations
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Dem carve Lincoln ein image into de stone of Mount Rushmore
Na dem issue de Lincoln memorial postage stamp of 1866 by de U.S. Post Office exactly one year after Lincoln ein assassination.
Lincoln Memorial insyd Washington, D.C.
De Lincoln cent, an American coin wey dey portray Lincoln
References
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Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
26
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doi
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Shenk, Joshua Wolf (October 2005).
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The Atlantic
Archived
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"Abraham Lincoln"
. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission. Archived from
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on July 2, 2023
. Retrieved
July 2,
2023
"Lincoln, Abraham"
History, Art & Archives
. United States House of Representatives
. Retrieved
July 1,
2022
Vishneski, John (1988). "What the court decided in Dred Scott v. Sandford".
The American Journal of Legal History
32
(4):
373–
390.
doi
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JSTOR
845743
"The President's last public address"
The American Presidency Project
. University of California, Santa Barbara
. Retrieved
May 3,
2025
Martin, Paul (April 8, 2010).
"Lincoln's missing bodyguard"
Smithsonian
. Archived from
the original
on September 27, 2011.
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Schaffer, Jeffrey P. (1999).
Yosemite National Park: A Natural History Guide to Yosemite and Its Trails
. Wilderness Press.
ISBN
9780899972442
Schroeder-Lein, Glenna R. (2012).
Lincoln and Medicine
. Southern Illinois University Press.
ISBN
9780809331949
Schwartz, Barry (2000).
Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
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Schwartz, Barry (2008).
Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
9780226741888
Sears, Stephen W. (1988).
George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon
. Da Capo Press.
ISBN
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Silver, David (1998).
Lincoln's Supreme Court
. University of Illinois Press.
ISBN
9780252067198
Simon, Paul (1990).
Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Legislative Years
. University of Illinois Press.
ISBN
9780252002038
Smith, Robert C. (2010).
Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same
. State University of New York Press.
ISBN
9781438432335
Steers, Edward Jr. (2010).
The Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia
. HarperCollins.
ISBN
9780061787751
Striner, Richard (2006).
Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery
. Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780195183061
Taranto, James; Leo, Leonard, eds. (2004).
Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House
. Free Press.
ISBN
9780743254335
Thomas, Benjamin P. (2008).
Abraham Lincoln: A Biography
. Southern Illinois University Press.
ISBN
9780809328871
Thomas, Benjamin Platt; Hyman, Harold Melvin (1962).
Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War
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Thompson, Todd (2015).
The National Joker: Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Satire
. Southern Illinois University Press.
ISBN
9780809334230
Trefousse, Hans L. (1989).
Andrew Johnson: A Biography
. W. W. Norton & Company.
ISBN
9780393317428
Trefousse, Hans L. (1999). "Lincoln and race relations". In Hubbard, Charles (ed.).
Abraham Lincoln and His Contemporaries
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Vile, John R. (2003). "Lincoln, Abraham (1809–1865)".
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Vorenberg, Michael (2001).
Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment
. Cambridge University Press.
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Weisman, Steven R. (2002).
The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson—The Fierce Battles over Money and Power That Transformed the Nation
. Simon & Schuster.
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White, Ronald C. (2009).
A. Lincoln: A Biography
. Random House.
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White, Jonathan W. (2011).
Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman
. Louisiana State University Press.
ISBN
9780807142158
Wills, Garry (2012).
Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America
. Simon & Schuster.
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Wilson, Douglas L. (1999).
Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln
. Alfred A. Knopf.
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9780307765819
Winik, Jay (2006) [2001].
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
. HarperCollins.
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Winkle, Kenneth J. (2001).
The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln
. Taylor Trade Publishing.
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Winkle, Kenneth J. (2011).
Abraham and Mary Lincoln
. Southern Illinois University Press.
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9780809379996
Work, David (2024).
Lincoln's Political Generals
. University of Illinois Press.
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Young, Alfred C., III (2013).
Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study
. Louisiana State University Press.
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{{
cite book
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
Zarefsky, David (1993).
Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
9780226978765
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