Amerika Syarikat - Wikipedia

Amerika Syarikat - Wikipedia
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United States of America
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto:
In God We Trust
Other traditional mottos:
E pluribus unum
Latin
"Out of many, one"
Annuit cœptis
Latin
"Providence favors our undertakings"
Novus ordo seclorum
Latin
"New order of the ages"
Anthem:
The Star-Spangled Banner
Show globe (
states
and
D.C.
only)
Show the U.S. and
its territories
Show territories with
EEZ
Capital
Washington, D.C.
38°53′N
77°1′W
 / 
38.883°N 77.017°W
 /
38.883; -77.017
Largest city
New York City
40°43′N
74°0′W
 / 
40.717°N 74.000°W
 /
40.717; -74.000
Boros rasmi
None at the
federal level
lower-alpha 1
National language
de facto
Tinimungan etnik
(2020)
By race:
61.6%
White
12.4%
Black
6.0%
Asian
1.1%
Native American
0.2%
Pacific Islander
10.2%
two or more races
8.4%
other
By origin:
81.3% non-Hispanic or Latino
18.7%
Hispanic or Latino
Ugama
(2022)
70%
Christianity
34%
Protestantism
23%
Catholicism
2%
Mormonism
11% other
Christian
21%
unaffiliated
2%
Judaism
6%
other religion
1% no answer
Demonim
American
lower-alpha 2
Government
Federal
presidential
constitutional republic
President
Donald Trump
Vice President
J. D. Vance
House Speaker
Mike Johnson
Chief Justice
John Roberts
Kotinanan perundangan
Congress
Upper house
Senate
Lower house
House of Representatives
Independence
from
Great Britain
Declaration
Madas 4, 1776
1776-07-04
Confederation
Gomot 1, 1781
1781-03-01
Recognized
Manom 3, 1783
1783-09-03
Constitution
Mahas 21, 1788
1788-06-21
Last Amendment
Mikat 5, 1992
1992-05-05
Area
• Total area
Templat:Convinfobox/sec2
3rd
lower-alpha 3
•  Waig  (%)
4.66
10
(2015)
• Land area
3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km
) (3rd)
Population
• 2023 estimate
334,914,895
11
• 2020 census
331,449,281
lower-alpha 4
12
3rd
• Density
Templat:Convinfobox/sec2
185th
GDP
PPP
2023 estimate
• Total
$26.950 trillion
13
2nd
• Per kapita
$80,412
13
9th
GDP
(nominal)
2023 estimate
• Ginumu
$26.950 trillion
13
1st
• Per kapita
$80,412
13
7th
Gini
(2020)
39.4
lower-alpha 5
14
medium
HDI
(2021)
0.921
15
very high
21st
Mato tusin
U.S. dollar
($) (
USD
Zon timpu
UTC
−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (
DST
UTC
−4 to −10
lower-alpha 6
Date format
mm/dd/yyyy
lower-alpha 7
Driving side
right
lower-alpha 8
Calling code
+1
Kod ISO 3166
US
Internet TLD
.us
16
Amerika Syarikat
nopo nga iso pogun id
Amerika Koibutan
. Ii nopo nga republik kiporlembagaan porsekutuan i kiwaa 50 negeri, iso watas porsekutuan om limo wilayah i au diperbadankan, 326 gana rizab indian, om 9 pulau tokoro i poinsuai-suai. Pogun diti kiginayo 9.8 riong kilometer persegi, mantad dii, nosiliu pogun diti do pogun ko-4 bobos tagayo hiti pomogunan. Pialatan pogun diti nopo nga miampai
Kanada
id Koibutan om
Mexico
id kabaatan; pialatan maritim nopo nga' popohompit do pogun
Bahamas
Cuba
Rusia
om ogumu po. Soginumu 331 riong tulun mogigion id suang pogun diti gisom nosiliu sabaagi pogun kotolu bobos ogumu o mogigion id pomogunan.
Pomungaranan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Id toun 1507, tangabaal
Kartografi
Jerman
Martin Waldseemüller
minomonsoi do iso pata pomogunan, om id suang pata dii, pinungaranan dau oo kinoyonon id
Hemisfera Kotonobon
sabaagi
"America"
miampai minomoguno ngaran pengembara om angabaal Kartografi
Itali
Amerigo Vespucci
17
Ngaran di tinahak montok entiti pamabakan
hopod om tolu bagas pomorintaan
British
diti nokotimpuun do pinoilo id suang do surat di kitadauwulan 2 Milatok 1776 ii pinoutus di
Stephen Moylan
kumaa
Lt. Kol. Joseph Reed
, adikung
George Washington
maamaso
Perang Revolusi Amerika
18
19
20
Ngaran diti pinosuang di konteks rasmi id suang do
Porisytiharan Kagabasan piomungan dii
, “
unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
” (Porisytiharan pinupakatan do hopod om tolu Pogun Amerika miamung) i notorimo do “
Representatives of the united States of America
” (Mongongobi Negeri-Negeri Amerika miamung) antakan di 4 Madas toun di miagal.
21
Antakan di 15 Milau 1777, nokotorimo o
Kongres Benua Kedua
do
Perkara-Perkara Pergabungan
Articles of Confederation
) ii nakarait do, "
The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'
" (Ngaran Piniomungan diti nopo nga' ‘Negeri-Negeri Amerika Bersatu’.) Pibatasan Perancis-Amerika di toun 1778 minomoguno do ngaran "
United States of North America
" (Negeri-Negeri Amerika Utara Bersatu), nga' tumimpuun 11 Madas 1778, "
United States of America
" id suang do
bil pertukaran
pogun, om mantad dii, nokosiliu miampai rasmi o pogun diti.
22
Piagalan id suang do boros Melayu
simbanai
simbanai toud
Pomungaranan do pogun diti id
boros Melayu
pinoimbulai id
Hindia Timur Belanda
antakan di kotimpuunon abad ko-20 maya ngaran "Amerika Serikat" - "serikat" toi ko' "sarekat"
23
boros noolos
Arabic
شَرِكَة
romanized:
syarikah
ii kirati do "pitimungan (pitimbungakan, piomungan, om suai-suai po)".
23
24
Pinakakal kasari o
Bahasa Indonesia
do ngaran kiija'an "serikat" diti, nga' boros-boros Melayu baku suai se-Nusantara kohompit no
Bahasa Malaysia
lobi dominan monginruai komponen diti kumaa "
syarikat
" (gisom nokosiliu do "Amerika Syarikat") tumanud bontuk boros Arab sandad.
24
Sajara
simbanai
simbanai toud
Peribumi Amerika om Tutumombului Eropah
simbanai
simbanai toud
Tinaru sandad
Amerika Syarikat (kohompit no Alaska) noilaan do
minundaliu Asia
, lobi kuang 12,000 - 40,000 toun di pogulu.
25
Haro i pialatan diolo do nakaanu popoingkakat do pomutanaman di nokoburu, miagal do
kebudayaan Mississippi
pra-Columbus
. Mantad kinorikatan do tulun Eropah montok mion id benua Amerika, ogumu tulun sandad Amerika napatai gama do noontok toruuruol di nokosuang miagal do
cacar air
26
Ilustrasi kapal
Mayflower
mongowit
mogigidu mantad Puritan
id pomgun wagu maamaso toun 1620 (
The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor
oleh
William Halsall
, 1882).
Antakan di toun 1492, songulun monompogunan mantad
Genoa
Christopher Columbus
, id siriba kontrak pomorintahan Sepanyol, nokoihum do piipiro pulau id Karibia, om nokoromut miampai tulun sandad montok di kumoinsan nogi. Antakan di 2 Ngiop 1513,
konkuistador
Sepanyol,
Juan Ponce de León
tinumindal id kinoyonon di pinungaranan do "
La Florida
"— ponuatan di kumoinsan kokomoi kinorikatan tulun Eropah id gana tagayo AS. Kinoyonon Sepanyol id kinoyonon diti nopo nga' tinanud do kinoyonon kabaatan kotonobon AS i nakaanu minamagayat ogumu tulun mantad Mexico.
Tumataran hulu Perancis minonuridong do kota kara
Perancis Baru
id posorili
Tasik-Tasik Tagayo
Amerika Utara; maid-laid, pokionuon do Perancis o soboogian tagayo pononsokid do bonuua diti gisom do Teluk Mexico. Tulun Inggiris di nokopogulu nakaanu pinopoingkakat do tionon ii otutunan sabaagi do
Koloni Virginia
id
Jamestown
antakan di toun 1607, sinuhut do
Koloni Plymouth
di
golongan
Pilgrim
antakan di toun 1620. Antakan di toun 1628,
Koloni Teluk Massachusetts
nokotorimo piagam dau gisom nakaanu mamagayat lakun koundolihon; antakan di toun 1634, lobi kuang 10, 000 tulun
Puritan
minion id
New England
. Maamaso koompokon do 1610-an gisom timpu Revolusi Amerika, lobi kuang 50,000 banduan pinaatod kumaa koloni British id Amerika.
27
Tumimpuun do toun 1614, minion o tulun Belanda id sorili panansawa
Sungai Hudson
, kohompit no
New Amsterdam
id
Pulau Manhattan
Antakan di toun 1674, pinatahak do Belanda o kinoyonon dau id Amerika kumaa England, mantad dii, kinoyonon
Belanda Wagu
noonuan do ngaran wagu ii otutunan sabaagi do New york. Ogumu mumundaliu wagu, lobi-lobi no id Ponongsiba, nopo nga'
kuli-kontrak
- lobi kuang duo mantad tolu koinsanai mumundaliu mantad Virginia di toun 1630 gisom 1680.
28
Mintonod do abad ko-18,
susuhuon mantad Afrika
nokosiliu do toud kopio do mongindapou poingkogos. Mantad nogi pomboogian
Carolina
(1929) om pomorintaan di
Georgia
(1732), noturidong o 13 pomorintaan British di kaanu mombontuk Amerika Syarikat. Toinsanan porintaan dii kiharo pomorinta momogun ii nopili do kogumuan tongokusai di obibas, ogirot o tonggom kumaa
hak orang Inggeris
kuno miampai kipomorintaan sondii, gisom nakaanu minongunsub do sunduan
republikanisme
Perdagangan hamba Afrika
amu antaban id toinsanan pomorintaan. Gama do akawas kadar kosusuan, osiriba kadar kapatayon om kinorikatan do mumundaliu di osonong, ginumu mogigion id kinoyonon pomorintaan nopo nga' gumumu. Koguraan
kinoingkakatan Kristian
antakan di toun 1730-an gisom 1740-an, notutunan sabaagi do
Kinoningkakaton Tagayo
montok mamagayat rahi kumaa kotumbayaan om kobibasan kiugama. Id suang do
Perang Perancis dan Indian
, soudor British minagahau Kanada mantad do Perancis, nga' kinoyonon momoboros boros Perancis kakal po do okoro mantad ko' pomorintaan id Ponongsiba. Koinsanai 13 pomorintaan dii nion do 2.6 riong tulun antakan di toun 1770, kopiagal do iso mantad tolu mogigion id Britain, amu kohompi to
tinaru Momogun
(“Indian”); lobi kuang iso mantad limo mogigion Amerika diti nopo nga' susuhuon ii kikulit toitom.
29
Hali pia
sansagan do mambayar cukai kumaa pomorintaan British
, mogigion koloni Amerika amu nakaanu mongongobi id
Parlimen Great Britain
Kagabasan om Ponginlaaban
simbanai
simbanai toud
Intangai nogi:
Revolusi Amerika
and
Perang Revolusi Amerika
Perisytiharan Kemerdekaan
oleh
John Trumbull
, 1817–18
Pisongkiwalan do mogigion koloni Amerika om British maamaso timpu
Revolusi
Amerika di toun 1760-an om koimpuunon do 1770-an, nokopogowit do
Pisangadan Revolusi Amerika
mantad di toun 1775 gisom 1781. Antakan di 14 Mahas 1775,
Kongres Kebenuaan
ii pinaharo id kakadayan
Philadelphia
, minonuridong do
Tentera Kebenuaan
ii pinuruan di
George Washington
. Miampai porisytiharan do "
setiap manusia diciptakan sama taraf
" i noonuan do "
hak-hak di amu milo olimon
," minonorimo o Kongres do
Porisytiharan Kagabasan
ii diningkai, lobi-lobi no i
Thomas Jefferson
, antakan di 4 Madas 1776. Antakan do tadauwulan diti no
Tadau Kagabasan Amerika Syarikat
royohon monikid toun. Antakan di toun 1777
Perkara-Perkara Pergabungan
minonuridong do iso karajaan miamung i opihoi om nokoingkakat gisom no toun 1789.
Kalapas do
naala o British
kumaa soudor Amerika miampai ponguhupan do Perancais, Great Britain
nokosokodung do kagabasan Amerika Syarikat
om
kedaulatan
pogun-pogun di id wilayah Amerika id barat
Sungai Mississippi
. Iso
konvensyen perlembagaan
noulud di toun 1787 do pihak di manu monuridong kerajaan kabansaan ii ogirot om kuasa mongontok do cukai. Noratifikasi o
Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat
antakan di toun 1788. Mantad dii,
Senat om Dewan Perwakilan kumoiso
republik wagu diti, om
presidennya
, George Washington, minongigit tonggungan diolo sondii di toun 1789.
Pogokunan Hak
om
mogodu tantob kumaa kosimbayanan sondii om mamadamin mogikaakawo koumoligan kooturan
do kerajaan persekutuan, notorimo di toun 1791.
Pondirian kumaa
perhambaan
mimpuun no di sumimban; haro iso fasal id suang do Perlembagaan ii manamong do susuhuon Afrika gisom toun 1808. Pogun-pogun Utara minanalob do woyo tulun susuhuon antakan di toun 1780 gisom 1804, om pogun-pogun Selatan po i noolu sabaagi do
negeri hamba
i mantamong do "
institusi khusus
" diti.
Koingkakatan Tagayo Kumoinduo
i nokoimpuun maamaso toun 1800, poposiliu do
evangelikalisme
popogura
koguraan ponginwoguan
miagal do
faham penghapusan
Pongonuan wilayah tumanud tadauwulan
Kosionuan Amerika Syarikat montok
lumaab kumaa id barat
pinopoimbulai do sanrataian
pisangadan ii mitilombus miampai tinaru Indian
Pembelian Louisiana
mantad wilayah pokionuon do Perancis id siriba do pomorintaan Presiden Thomas Jefferson di toun 1803 sorokuukuri pinopotuntun do kalaaban pogun.
Perang 1812
ii noisytihar kumaa Britain gama do ogumu amu kasanangan mantad koduo-duo pihak, gisom nopupusan do miagal, popogirot kawagu do sunduan kabansaan AS. Sangod monigowo mantad tantara AS kumaa Florida i miguli-guli minononsog do
Sepanyol montok papatahak
pogun dii om wilayah Pantai Teluk suai i pinokianu mantad di toun 1819.
Mongugad mogigion peribumi miampai agayo id rantau selatan
antakan di 1830-an ii pinungaranan do "Jejak Bertangisan" (
Trail of Tears
) nopo nga' iso poomitanan dasar
penyingkiran Indian
ii minagahau gana nionon do tulun momogun. Pinoilhak do Amerika Syarikat o
Republik Texas
antakan di toun 1845. Anatakan do timpu dii nogi, konsep “
Masa Depan Tersurat
” (
Manifest Destiny
) nakaanu kopomoromitan di osonong kopio.
30
Perjanjian Oregon
1846 miampai Britain minogowit do ponguasaan wilayah i otutunan sabaagi do
Barat Laut Amerika Syarikat
dinondo. Kalantayon do AS id suang do
pisangadan Mexico
mononsog do Mexiceo papatahak do pogun
California
om soboogian tagayo
Barat Daya Amerika
di toun 1848.
Kerubut Emas California
antakan di toun 1848–49 mongunsub do koundolihon kumaa barat, pinoinsonong maya pinamansayan do
wayaan koritapu wagu
, nga' minamaraat do pisongkiwalan miampai mogigion Amerika. Solinaid lobi sampapas abad, somok do 40 riong tinan
bison Amerika
kinorot montok kulit om tonsi, om monginsonong do koinlaaban wayaan koritapui. Kinoingkurian do populasi bison diti, toud utama koposion tinaru
Indian dataran
, popoimbulai korutumon montok koubasanan pribumi diti.
Sangod Internal om Pongindustrian
simbanai
simbanai toud
Intangai nogi:
Perang Saudara Amerika
and
Perang Sepanyol–Amerika Syarikat
Pertempuran Gettysburg
, litograf di
Currier & Ives
, ca. 1863
Pisongkiwalan do
pogun tulun susuhuon
om "pogun obibas" nokorikot id dunto soira haro pisongkiwalan kokomoi pionitan do
kerajaan pogun om porsekutuan
, om nogi
kakasahon
gama do kinoinlaabon do monunuhu tulun id pogun-pogun wagu.
Abraham Lincoln
, mingkakat montok
Parti Republikan
i mangada kopio do momunuhu tulun suai, nopili sabaagi do presiden antakan di toun 1860. Amu po isio nakapangakat batos, turu pogun tulun susuhuon pinopoisytihar do piadaan mantad AS (hali pia amu nookunan do kooturan kerajaan perseketuan} om minombontuk do
Pogun Piomungan do Amerika
. Kalapas do
sinangod o Fort Sumter do Piomungan
, kotimpuun o
Perang Saudara Amerika
om apat pogun tulun susuhuon minamung do Piomungan dii.
Pengisytiharan Pembebasan
ii pinoilo di Lincoln di toun 1863 pinopoisytihar do kobibasan tulun susuhuon id pogun-pogun Piomungan. Kalapas nakalantoi o
Piomungan
di toun 1865,tolu pindaan winonsoi id suang do Perlembagaan AS montok
mamadamin kobibasan
montok apat
orang Amerika Afrika
ii susuhuon solinaid di,
31
om
manahak kowarganegaraan
om
hak mongundi
kumaa diolo. Pisangadan dii om ponguyadan nokopogoit do kinoingkawason id suang do
kuasa persekutuan
AS.
32
Mumundaliu id
Pulau Ellis
Pelabuhan New York
, 1902
Kalapas do pisangadan, kinaantakan
pamatayan di Lincoln
pinoporadikal
dasar-dasar
Pamansayan Kawagu
parti Republikan i kitudu montok popiiso om momonsoi kawagu pogun-pogun Kabaatan miampai mamadamin hak-hak tinaru susuhuon ii wagu nogi nokoidu. Hali pia miagal dii, pinonguyadan do pisongkiwalan
pilihanraya presiden 1876
do
Kompromi 1877
minoningkod do proses Pamansayan Kawagu; sinuhut do
undang-undang Jim Crow
ii minongidu hak mongundi tulun Afrika. Id Koibutan, proses pambandaran om
kosuangon mumundaliu miampai soroguugumu
mantad
Eropah Selatan
om
Kosilahon
pinoposikap
pengindustrian
pogun diti. Gelombang koundolihon ii nokotilombus gisom toun 1929, popotounda do tenaga karaja di kabagal miampai monimban turos koubasanan do Amerika. Pongingkakatan prasarana pogun mongunsub do pongingkakatan ekonomi.
Pomolian Alaska
mantad Rusia di toun 1867 minomogonop do ponginlaaban gana tagayo pogun.
Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Wounded Knee
di toun 1890 nopo nga' konflik kikakamot tagayo di kotohuri id rantaian Sangod Indian. Antakan di toun 1893, pomorintah kiraja pribumi id
Kerajaan Hawaii
id
Rahat Pasifik
, noidu gama do nasaladan kuasa mantad do mogigion Amerika; AS pinopoilhak do kopulauan dii antakan di toun 1898. Antakan do toun di miagal,
kalantayon sangod kumaa Sepanyol
pinopokito do AS sabaagi iso
kuasa pomogunan
miampai pinopomilo do pogun di minongilhak do
Puerto Rico
Guam
, om
Filipina
33
Nakaanu o Filipina do kagabasan kalapas do opintanga abad; Puerto Rico om Guam kakal sabaagi wilayah AS.
Sangod Pomogunan om Kinorotuan Major
simbanai
simbanai toud
Intangai nogi:
Kemelesetan Besar di Amerika Syarikat
Iso pomutanaman di poinlogod id
Dakota Kabaatan
gama do kinaantakan
Dust Bowl
, 1936
Maamaso nokotimpuun o
Sangod Pogun Kumoiso
di toun 1914, minaganu o Amerika Syarikat do pondirian sinumusuai. Ogumu mogigion Amerika osianan do British om Perancis, nga' ogumu nogi amu osokodung do humompit o AS.
34
Antakan di toun 1917, Amerika Syarikat
Pihak Poingkogos
montok monguhup mangala do
Kuasa Pusat
. Kalapas do pisangadan, amu moratifikasi o Senat do
Persetiaan Versilles
i pinopohimagon do
Liga Bangsa-Bangsa
, nga' minomoguno do dasar
unilateralisme
i osomok do
pinopousuk do pogun
mantad hal-ehwal pomogunan.
35
Antakan di toun 1920, koguraan
hak koonduan
pinapalantoi do
pindaan perlembagaan
i manahak do
hak mongundi kumaa koonduan
. Koimogoton di nawayaan maamaso
1920-an
nopupusan soira
Kejatuhan Wall Street 1929
minongimbulai do
Kemelesetan Tagayo
. Kalapas nopili sabaagi presiden di toun 1932,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
pinopoindalan do dasar-dasar
New Deal
ii pinopogirot do kohompitan karajaan id suang do ekonomi. Kinaantakan
Dust Bowl
di pintangaan toun 1930-an minongunsub do ogumu komuniti mororobuat mosikin pinopoimbulai do gelombang wagu montok mundaliu id boogian kotonobon.
Askar Divisyen Infantri Kumoiso Tentera A.S tinumampo id Normandy di
D-Day
, 6 Madas 1944
Amerika Syarikat ii kakal sinumusuai id kotimpuunon
Sangod Pogun Kumoduo
soira
Jerman Nazi
minanangod do Poland antakan di Manom 1939, nokotimpuun do manahak kaakmot mata kumaa
Pihak Berikat
id kotimpuunon do Gomot 1941 maya palan
Lend-Lease
. Antakan di 7 Momuhau 1941, pinotimpuun do
Empayar Jepun
panangadan sikog kumaa Pearl Harbor
, gisom minongunsub do AS mamung id Pihak Berikat montok manangod do
kuasa Paksi
miampai
momusus ribuan tulun i sinakagon do Jepun
id suang do pogun.
36
Kohompitan do AS id pisangadan mongunsub do pelaburan modal om mongingayo do kapasiti industri. Nosiliu o AMerika Syarikat sabaagi do iso no pogun di panangod di apangkal i nokosiliu lobi kiharo-haro gama do pisangadan diti, kopiadang do pogun-pogun suai di mosikin.
37
Persidangan Pihak Berikat id
Bretton Woods
om
Yalta
minamagarit do sistem pertubuhan sompomogunan wagu ii popoili do AS om
Kesatuan Soviet
sabaagi tumpuan di apangkal montok ahal ehwal pomogunan. Kalapasd do
kinalantayon sangod id Eropah
, iso
persidangan sompomogunan
pinaharo id
San Francisco
di toun 1945, montok monoodo do
Piagam Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu
ii tinunimpuunan kalapas do sangod.
38
Pinopoingkakat do senjata nuklear kumoiso
id pomogunan o AS montok popoloput kakadayan-kakadayan tagayo
Hiroshima om Nagasaki
di wulan Magus.
Minongkiala o Jepun di
2 Manom, om kopupusai no pisangadan.
39
Perang Dingin om Pigagaan Politik
simbanai
simbanai toud
Intangai nogi:
Perang Dingin
and
Perang Vietnam
Martin Luther King, Jr.
pinapasampai do booboroson "
Saya Mempunyai Impian
", 1963
Kalapas do Sangod Pogun Kumoinduo, miniahau o Amerika Syarikat om Kesatuan montok kikuasa id suang do
Perang Dingin
, mendominasi hal-ehwal katantaraan Eropah maya
NATO
om
Pakatan Warsaw
. Pinoposuni o AS do
demokrasi liberal
om
kapitalisme
, om pihak Soviet pinoposuni do korotian
komunisme
om longkod di
ekonomi napalan
. Koduo-duo pihak manahak sokodung kumaa karajaan diktator om hinumompit id suang do
sangod proksi
. Tantara Amerika sinumaap do
China Komunis
id suang do
Sangod Korea
di toun 1950–53.
Jawatankuasa Kegiatan Bukan Amerika House
pinopoindalan do ponoriukan mogisusuhut kumaa rorormu-roromu subversi wayaan wanan, om Senator
Joseph McCarthy
nokosiliu lundu sentimen anti-komunis di apangkal.
Kohimaganan
kotuludan tulun kumoiso id tawan
do puru Soviet di toun 1961, minongunsub do Presiden
John F. Kennedy
montok poposiliu AS sabaagi pogun kumoiso pinapatampo
tulun id tulan
; nagamit iti di toun 1969. Kennedy nogi nga' tumoguang do
pisangadan nuklear di agaras kopio
miampai kuasa Soviet id Cuba. Id timpuu dii nogi, momoroso o AS do koponginlaaban ekonomi di osonong kopio. Iso
koguraan hak awam
ii pinopokito om pinuruan do tinaru Amerika Afrika miagal do i
Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King, Jr.
, om
James Bevel
, momoguno ralan miampai aiso korongitan montok mangala do pomisuayan om diskriminasi tinaru. Mantad nogi
pinamatayan di John F. Kennedy
di toun 1963,
Akta Hak Awam 1964
om
Akta Hak Mengundi 1965
pinasaga id siriba pomuruanan di Presidan
Lyndon B. Johnson
. Johnson om monowoli disio,
Richard Nixon
, pinopoinlaab sangod proksi id Asia Kabaatan Kosilahon id suang do
Perang Vietnam
ii amu monokodung do AS. Kinoinlaabon do
koguraan koubasanan saingan
i nounsub do
sumaa kumaa sangod Vietnam
nasionalisme kulit hitam
, om
revolusi seks
Betty Friedan
Gloria Steinem
, om suai-suai pinopotilombus do gelombang
feminisme
wagu ii mongobi do kopiagalan politik, sosial om ekonomi montok koonduan.
Bagas
skandal Watergate
di toun 1974, Nixon nosiliu presiden AS kumoiso i tinumingkod sabaagi presiden montok mongilag do
pangagaan
kumaa panandasan monalob proses gompongotus om manansala kuasa, om pinapatahak jawatan diti kumaa Naib Presiden
Gerald Ford
. Pontadbiran
Jimmy Carter
di koompokon 1970-an noborulong do
stagflasi
om
krisis tebusan Iran
. Pomilian
Ronald Reagan
sabaagi presiden di toun 1980 papasaba[ do nokosimban o ralan politik AS kumaa
wanan
, ii pinopokito do kosimbanan tagayo id suang do
kapangkalan porcukaian om porbalanjaan
. Nokointong isido
skandal Iran-Contra
antakan di penggal kumoduo om lobi ogirot piombolutan diplomatik miampai Kesatuan Soviet. Nopupusan o Perang Dingin soira natatak o Soviet.
Kawawagu
simbanai
simbanai toud
Intangai nogi:
Serangan 11 September 2001
and
Perang Terhadap Keganasan
World Trade Center
antakan do timpu kosuabon di 11 Manom 2001
Id siriba do puruan di
George H. W. Bush
, AS mongigit do tonggungan apangkal id suang do
Perang Teluk
miampai kasagaan mantad PBB. Ponginlaaban ekonomi bobos talaid id sajara moden AS - mantad Gomot 1991 gisom Gomot 2001 - poinhangkum do timpu pontadbiran
Bill Clinton
om
gelembung dot-com
40
Kinaantakan
pokionuon mahkamah awam
om
skandal seks
papasabap do
na'aga i Clinton
di toun 1998, nga' nakalantoi isio do monoguang om papakakal do jawatan dau.
Pilihan raya presiden 2000
, i opitotos kopio id sajara AS, pinouyad di
koutuson Mahkamah Agung AS
do i
George W. Bush
, tanak di George H. W. Bush, nosiliu sabaagi presiden.
Anatakan di
11 Manom 2001
, gorongit
al-Qaeda
minanangod do
World Trade Center
id kakadayan tagayo New York City om
The Pentagon
somok do Washington, D.C., papasabap somok do tolu noribu tulun napatai.Sabaagi ponuli, kopimpinan Bush pipohimagon do
Perang Terhadap Keganasan
sompomogunan. Antakan di Gumas 2001, tantaraa AS minomuruan do
sangod kumaa Afghanistanmontok
mamaratu do karajaan
Taliban
om mogihum do kiim pinludaan al-Qaeda; gisom baino, kakal po yolo sumangod do
gurongit Taliban
id suang do sangod gerila. Antakan di toun 2002, tumimpuun no karajaan Bush do monuhu
perubahan rejim
id Iraq gama do sabap-sabap di noponu do kontroversi.
41
Miampai aiso sokodung do NATO toi ko' mandat PBB montok humompit id katantaraan, pinapaanjul o Bush do “
pilangatan puru di kasaga
” (piralatan kasagaan); angkatan piralatan diti
minanangod do Iraq
di toun 2003 om nakalantoi do minamaratu diktator
Saddam Hussein
. Antakan di toun 2005,
Taufan Katrina
papasabap do kinorubakan soninaru do rantau
Kotogisan Teluk
, gisom minomirumbak do kakadayan
New Orleans
.Antakan di 4 Milau 2008, id suang do
economic recession
, pinoingkakat i
Barack Obama
sabaagi presiden sakag Afrika kumoiso id AS. Antakan di toun 2010, minogintong isio do kopoindalanan ponginwoguan
panamangan kolidasan
om
sistem kousinan
miampai agayo.
Kinaantakan miak nasaug
Deepwater Horizon
id Teluk Mexico i nokotimpuun di Ngiop 2010 nokosiliu do koligaganan miak i bobos agayo id sajara pomogunan.
42
Geografi
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Geografi Amerika Syarikat
Imej satelit i popokito do
topografi
tanah besar Amerika Syarikat
Linaab tindal
tanah besar Amerika Syarikat
kiro-kiro 1.9 bilion ekar (770 riong hektar). Pogun Alaska i poinsuusuai mantad do gana tagayo miampai Kanada, nopo nga' pogun bobos tagayo miampai ginayo 365 riong ekar (150 riong hektar). Pogun Hawaii id iso kepulauan id pintangaan do Pasifik id kabaatan kotonobon Amerika Utara, kiharo lobi 4 riong ekar tanah (1.6 riong hektar).
43
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun kotolu toi ko' kaapat
bobos tagayo id ginumu kogoyoon
(tindal om rahat), sumuhut do Rusia om Kanada, om hino id pogulu toi ko' dohuri do
China
. Amu oilaan kopio o kodudukan diti sbap do ponipangan duo wilayah ii pioduhan do China om
India
, om ralan ponipangan ginumu kogoyoon Amerika Syarikat: CIA
World Factbook
pinopoilo do 3,794,101 watu piniapat (9,826,675 km
),
44
nga'Bahagian Statistik PBB pinopoilo 3,717,813 sq mi (9,629,091 km
),
45
om
Encyclopædia Britannica
gives 3,676,486 sq mi (9,522,055 km
).
46
Untuk ginayo tindal nogi, Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' kotolu agayo id dohuri do Rusia om China, nga' id gulu do Kanada.
47
Banjaran Teton
, soboogian do
Pergunungan Rocky
Dataran disan rahat Atlantik manahak ralan kumaa gouton
daun luruh
ii osodu id dusok, om konuluhan id
Piedmont
Pergunungan Appalachian
popitongkiad do rahat kosilahon miampai
Tasik-Tasik Besarom
gana kisakot
Midwest
Sungai Mississippi
Missouri
sistom baang kaapat bobos tanaru
id pomogunan, lumuyung mantad koibutan kumaa kabaatan id taatanga do pogun. Kinoyonon
prairie
ii apatau om oruak id
Great Plains
kumaa kotonobon, nga' naapad do
iso kinoyonon gana takawas
id kabaatan kosilahon.
Pergunungan Rocky
, id disan kotonobon do Great Plains, poinguyad do pogun id koibutan gison kabaatan, nokorikot do altitud 14,000 kaki (4,300 m) id pogun do
Colorado
. Osodu id kotonobon, hinonggo poingiliu o
Lembangan Besar
ii kowotuan om kinoyonon gurun miagal do
Mojave
. Banjaran nulu
Sierra Nevada
om
Cascade
nokorikot gisom id
kotogisan Pasifik
. Id kinawas do 20,320 kaki (6,194 m),
Gunung McKinley
id Alaska nopo nga' timpak bobos takawas id pogun om nogi Amerika Utara.
Gunung berapipoimpasi
nopo nga' ogumu id kopulauan
Alexander
om
Aleut
id Alaska, om nogi kopulauan Hawaii.
Gunung berapi super
nopo nga' id siriba do
Taman Negara Yellowstone
id konuluhan Rocky nopo nga' kowoowoyoon nulu kitapui bobos tagayo id benua diti.
48
Helang botak
, tombolog kabansaan AS mantad po di toun 1782
Gama do ginayo om kopogikaakawaan geografi, pogun Amerik Syarikat papahangkum do mogisuusuai kawo iklim. Id kosilahon
meridian ko-100
, kowoowoyoon iklim nopo nga'
kebenuaan asagub
id koibutan gisom do
subtropika asagub
di selatan. Id tompok do kabaatan
Florida
nopo nga' kiiklim tropikas, miagal nogi id pogun Hawaii. Rantau Great Plains id kotonobon medidian ko-100 nopo nga' ki
iklim sampapas gersang
. Kogumuan konuluhon id Kotonobon ki
iklim alp
. Id Lembangan Besar nopo nga' ki'iklim gersang, miagal nogi id kinoyonon Kabaatan Kotonobon,
Mediterranean
id kotogisan
California
, om
karahatan
id kotogisan
Oregon
om
Washington
, om kabaatan Alaska. Soboogian tagayo do pogun Alaska kiiklim do kutub toi ko' subartik. Kowoowoyoon tawan di ototos kopio nopo nga' omu insaru awayaan - pogun-pogun id disan do
Teluk Mexico
kotoguang do
tongustaufan
, om kogumuan
puting beliung
id pomogunan awayaan id pogun diti, lobi-lobi po
Tornado Alley
id Midwest.
49
Ekologi Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' "
megadiversiti
": lobi kuang 17,000 spesies
tumbuhan pembuluh
haro id gana tagayo AS om Alaska, om lobi 1,800 spesies
tumbuhan berbunga
nabantalan id Hawaii, hinonggo soboogian tokoro nopo nga' id gana tagayo.
50
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' ionon lobi ko' 400 mamalia, 750 tombolog om 500 spesis reptilia om amfibia.
51
Lobi kuang 91,000 spesies songongi naanu do numaan porihalo id AS.
52
Akta Haiwan Terancam
1973 momogompi do spesies-spesies oumpuronok om habitat diti nopo nga' piintangan do
Perkhidmatan Ikan dan Hidupan Liar Amerika Syarikat
. Haro 58
taman pogun
om ratusan taman suai om gouton pinoopi di surupuon do puru kikuasa porsokutuan.
53
Koinsanai nopo, kerajaan nopo nga' haro 28.8% ginayo do tindal pogun.
54
Kogumuan kinoyonon dii nopo nga'
umoligan
nga' soboogian nopo nga' numaan pajako montok mongukad miak om gas, perlombongan, pongingkoyuan, toi ko' pomiaraan do lembu; 2.4% gunoon montok tudu katantaraan.
54
Kerajaan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main articles:
Kerajaan persekutuan Amerika Syarikat
and
Pilihan raya di Amerika Syarikat
Turos kotonobon
Kapitol Amerika Syarikat
, i popoili do
Kongres Amerika Syarikat
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun
persekutuan
bobos talaid ii haro hiti id pogun. Pogun diti nopo nga' iso kerajaan
republik berperlembagaan
om
demokrasi berperwakilan
, "hinonggo
pemerintahan majoriti
pinolomok do
hak minoriti
i umoligon do
undang-undang
."
55
Kerajaan AS manamong do sistom
pangantaban on ponipangan
i natakrif do Perlembagaan AS, iso dokumen porundangan bobos takawas id pogun. Koubasan nopo, id sistom porsekutuan AS, mogigion nopo nga' moyo kumaa
tolu taang kerajaan
, ii otutunan do porsekutuan, pogun om kinoyonon diri; tonggungan do
kerajaan kinoyonon
binabak kumaa kerajaan
kaunti
om perbandaran. Koinsoruan, pegawai eksekutif om porundangan pinili do rakyat tumanud do
undian bobos togumu
id monikid watas. Aiso
perwakilan berkadarid
taang porsekutuan, om okuri kopio orubaan id taang siriba.
Turos kabaatan
Rumah Putih
, kinoyonon kumaraja om tionon do
presiden AS
Kerajaan porsekutuan nopo nga' abaagi kumaa tolu rapang:
Perundangan
Kongres
dwidewan
ii abaagi kumaa
Senat
om
Dewan Perwakilan
, monggubal
undang-undang persekutuan
mongisytihar pisangadan
, papasaga pibatasan, mongigit do
kuasa kewangan
om kuasa
pencabaran
montok mongidu jawatan surupu karajaan.
Eksekutif
Presiden
nopo nga'
panglima besar
tantara, milo memveto
rang undang-undang
sobolum do gubalon, om popoingkakat do
surupu-surupu Kabinet
(gisom norestu do Senat) om pegawai-pegawai suai i montadbir om monguatkuasa undang-undang om dasar-dasar kerajaan porsekutuan.
Kehakiman
Mahkamah Agung
om
mahkamah-mahkamah persekutuan
siriba, i pinoingkakat gompongotus do presiden miampai kasagaan Senat, mamarati do undang-undang om monimban undang-undang di noilaan do
amu tumanud do porlembagaan
Turos Kotonobon
Bangunan Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat
Dewan Perwakilan nopo nga' haro 435 tulun surupu mongundi, monikid tulun mongobi do iso
watas kongres
montok penggal duo toun. Timpohon-timpohon Dewan pinotikid tumanud ginumu mogigion monikid pogun, insan monikid hopod toun. Tumanud do
banci 2000
, turu pogun nopo nga' haro minimun iso mongobi, om California nopo nga' kiwaa 53 mongobi tu' ogumu kopio mogigion id pogun dii. Senat nopo nga' haro 100 surupu, duo tulun senator mantad monikid pogun, i pinili do toinsanan mogigion pogun montok penggal onom toun; iso pertolu timpohon Senat piboion id suang di pilian raya mitoyung sontoun. Presiden borkhidmat montok penggal apat taun om milo pilion au kolobi do induo. Presiden
amu pinili miampai undian potilombus
, nga' maya do sistom
badan pomilian
au mitilombus, om hinonggo undian-undian pointantu pinotikid tumanud pogun. Mahkamah Agung i pinuruan do
Ketua Hakim Amerika Syarikat
, haro siam surupu i borkhidmat solinaid poimpasi.
Kerajaan pogun nogi nga' lobi kuang miagal o struktur dau; don pogun
Nebraska
no haro tinan porundangan
ekadewan
Gabenor
(luguan eksekutif) monikid pogun pinili do mogigion miampai potilombus. Sasatanga gompongotus pogum om pegawai kabinet pinoingkakat do gabenor pogun sondii, om i suai nopo nga' pilion do pongundi.
Toinsanan undang-undang om prosedur kerajaan tumanud kumaa ponoriukan kawagu do gompongotus. Hinggo-hinggo undang-undang i noilaan do amu koontok do Perlembagaan nopo nga' amu pasagaon. Teks mantad Porlembangaan nopo na' pinapatatap do struktur om tonggungan kerajaan porseketuan om pionitan miampai monikid pogun.
Perkara Koiso
mongumolig do "writ besar"
habeas corpus
, om
Perkara Kotolu
mamadamin do hak maganu
perbicaraan juri
montok toinsanan kes jenayah.
Pindaan-pindaan id Porlembagaan
nuru do kasagaan mantad tolu perapat pogun. Porlembagaan AS nokoundaliu soginumu in-27; hopod pongundolihan osopung i mombontuk do
Perakuan Hak
, om
Pindaan Kohopod om Apat
mombontuk landas apangkal hak soosongulun warga AS.
Parti, ideologi, om politik
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Politik Amerika Syarikat
04 Magus 1983, Presiden AS ko-40
Ronald Reagan
om
Nancy Reagan
minitabi miampai bakal Presiden AS ko-45
Donald Trump
id
Rumah Putih
Politik Amerika Syarikat pinopointanga do
sistem dua parti
solinaid sajara. Montok jawatan pilion id kogumuan taang,
pilihan raya pendahuluan
tadbiran pogun momili mingkakat parti apangkal montok [pilihan raya umum]] potilombus. Mantad
pilihan raya umum 1856
, parti-partiapangkal nopo nga'
Parti Demokrat
i pinoimagon di toun 1824, om
Parti Republikan
i pinoimagon di toun 1854. Mantad Pisangadan Saudara, songulun no mingkakat presiden
parti kotolu
—bagas presiden
Theodore Roosevelt
i miniala sabaagi surupu
Progresif
id suang do
Pilihan Raya Presiden Amerika Syarikat 1912
—nakalantoi soginumu 20% undian awam.
Id suang do
budaya politik
AS, Parti Republikan nointangan sabaagi parti waya wanan tanga toi ko' "
konservatif
", om Parti Demokrat waya gibang tanga toi ko' "
liberal
". Pogun-pogun
Koibutan Kosilahon
om
Kotogisan Kotonobon
, om piipiro pogun
Tasik-Tasik Besar
, i otutunan do "pogun obulou", nantandasan do kikorotian liberal, kopiadang do "pogun aragang" id
Kabaatan
om soboogian
Dataran Tagayo
om
Konuluhan Rocky
i konservatif.
Piboogian politik
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Negeri di Amerika Syarikat
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' iso koisaan
persekutuan
50 pogun. 13 pogun mantad nopo nga' sakag do
13 koloni
i sumongkiwal do pomorintaan British. Id kotimpuunon do sajara pogun, tolu pogun wagu nakaasil id suang do wilayah di binabak mantad pokionuon pogun-pogun haro mantad, i otutunan sabaagi do:
Kentucky
mantad
Virginia
Tennessee
mantad
Carolina Utara
; om
Maine
mantad
Massachusetts
. Kogumuan pogun-pogun suai noukab id suang do wilayah di naanu maya pisangadan toi ko' binoli do pomorinta AS.
Vermont
Texas
, om
Hawaii
nopo nga' koumbal nokosiliu do republik obibas sobolum sinumuang do koisaan diti. Maamaso
Perang Saudara Amerika
Virginia Barat
sinumoliwan mantad pogun do Virginia. Toinsanan pogun
aiso hak
montok
sumoliwan
mantad koisaan.
Somok toinsanan tindal AS nion do pogun-pogun dau; om i lobi nopo nga' poinhangkum id Watas Columbia,
watas porsokutuan
hinonggo hilo no o ibu pogun, Washington; om
Atol Palmyra
, iso
wilayah piomungan
i aiso mogigion id Karahatan Pasifik. Haro nogi limo wilayah soborong rahat apangkal do AS i otutunan sabaagi do
Puerto Rico
om
Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Syarikat
id Karibia; om
Samoa Amerika
Guam
, om
Kepulauan Mariana Utara
id Karahatan Pasifik. Isai-isai nopo i nosusu id wilayah-wilayah apangkal dii (suai ko' Samoa Amerika) mongigit do mamasok AS. Mogigion AS i poingion id wilayah-wilayah di nopo nga' onuan do ogumu hak om tonggungan di miagal do poingion id pogun-pogun, nga' poiduon kanto yolo do cukai koonuan porsekutuan, amu milo mongundi presiden, toi ko' haro
mongobi miampai aiso kuasa undi id kongres
56
Pionitan labus om tantara
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Dasar luar Amerika Syarikat
Setiausaha Pogun
Mike Pompeo
nokopiruba do Montiri Labus Pogun mantad
Jepun
om
Korea Selatan
id 15 Mansak 2020
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' ogirot rahung dau id gana do ekonomi, politik om katantaraan id pointongkop pogun. AS diti nopo nga' iso surupu kakal do
Majlis Keselamatan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu
; id Kakadayan Tagayo New York hinonggo pogiliu di
Ibu Pejabat
UN
. Nokosiliu o AS sabaagi surupu tinimungan
G8
G20
, om
Pertubuhan Kerjasama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi
(OECD). Osomok no do toinsanan pogun id pomogunan mingongukab do
kedutaan
id Washington, D.C., om nogi
konsulat
mantad pointongkop pogun. Mantad dii, osomok do toinsanan pogun haro pinopoiliu do
misi diplomatik AS
. Pogun-pogun di aiso id pionitan diplomatik miampai AS kohompit no
Cuba
Iran
Korea Utara
Bhutan
Sudan
, om
Republik China
Taiwan
).
AS nopo nga' haro "
hubungan istimewa
" miampai
United Kingdom
57
om nogi piromutan di ogirot miampai
Kanada
Australia
New Zealand
Jepun
Korea Selatan
om
Israel
. Ogirot nogi pisokodungan diolo miampai do surupu-surupu
NATO
di suai kokomoi do isu-isu katantaraan om koumoligan, om nogi miampai pogun-pogun sampaping maya do
Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Amerika
dan
pibatasan pordagangan obibas
miagal do
Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Amerika Utara
miampai Kanada om
Mexico
. Antakan di toun 2008, pinopotunui o AS do porbelanjaan oborisi soginumu $25.4 bilion montok
ponguhupan pombangunan rasmi
, i bobos ogumu id pomogunan. Hali pia miagal di, sabaagi pogiilangan do
koonuan pogun kasar
, ponoluadan AS soginumu 0.18% nopo nga' bobos tosiriba kopiadang do 22 pogun monoluod suai. Nga' ginumu do tinahak miampai minsoosondii do mogigion Amerika nopo nga' arayou kopio.
58
Kapal induk pesawat udara
USS
Abraham Lincoln
Presiden mongigit do jawatan panglima tagayo montok toinsanan angkatan kisanjata pogun i popoingkakat do luguan diolo,
Setiausaha Pertahanan
om
Luguan Turus Miampai
Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat
montadbir angkatan-angkatan kisanjata, kohompit no do
Tantara Tindal
Rahat
Marin
, om
Udara
. Tinimungan
Mongungumolig Kotogisan
pinoindalan do
Jabatan Koumoligan Pogun
antakan do timpu di otoronong om
Jabatan Tantara Rahat
maamaso sangod. Antakan di toun 2008, soginumu 1.4 riong surupu di aktif popoindalan do tonggungan diolo id suang do angkatan kisanjata. Kohompit nogi do
Tentera poingopi
om
Mongungumolig Pogun
, ginumu surupu tantara pogun nopo nga' 2.3 riong. Jabatan Mongumolig nogi nga' maganu do tenaga lobi kuang 700,000 tulun ginumuan, amu kohompit do kontraktor.
59
Khidmat tantara id AS nopo nga' miampai osontob, nga'
ponuhuan kumaa tantara
milo poindalanon maamaso sangod maya do
Selective Service System
. Tantara AS milo uludon o kinoyonon miampai ogumu id timpu di osikap do armada pesawatan sasakayon Tantara Udara, kapal induk pesawat Tantara Rahat, om
Unit Ekspedisi Marin
id rahat om armada Tantara Rahat id Atlantik om Pasifik. Tantara AS manamong 865 pangkalan om koumatan id labus pogun,
60
om mongulud lobi do 1.4 riong soudor id pogun suai om nogi id rahat, kohompit no 25 pogun miampai lobi ko' 100 surupu aktif.
61
Kinoinlaaban do kinorikatan tantara AS id poinggonop pogun papasabap do AS nopo nga' noroitan sabaagi do mananamong do "empayar pangkalan."
62
Ginumu porbalanjaan katantaraan AS di toun 2008 nopo nga' lobi $600 bilion, i kolobi do 41% porbolanjaan katantaraan sompomogunan om lobi agayo mantad ko' ginumu koonuan katantaraan 14 pogun tagayo di potilombus.
Porbalanjaan per kapita nopo nga' $1,967, lobi kuang do insiam do purata sompomogunan, om lebih kurang sembilan kali purata dunia; id 4% KDNK, kadar diti nopo nga' koduo bobos takawas kopiadang do 15 pogun suai di bobos ogumu balanja id suang do katantaraan, sumuhut do mengekori
Arab Saudi
63
Ekonomi
simbanai
simbanai toud
Koonuan om Koburuon Sosongulun
simbanai
simbanai toud
Tumanud do
Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat
median koonuan sanwalai
sobolum do cukai di toun 2007 nopo nga' $49,777. Tumanud tinaru nopo, suang walai id Asia nopo nga' nakaanu median $65,469 om suang walai id Afrika nopo nga' $32,584.
64
Miampai momoguno do kadar kosimbanan
pariti kuasa beli
, koinsanan median nopo nga' kopiagal do tinimungan bobos kiharo-haro id pogun di nokoburu. Kalapas do ogumu kinatatakan di pintangaan abad ko-20,
kadar komiskinan
AS nopo nga' nakapatau tintod do kotimpuunon 1970-an, miampai 11-15% mogigion AS id siriba do
koimpaon komiskinan
monikid toun, om 58.5% nokoumbal do nakawayan komiskinan solinaid lobi kuang do sontoun id pialatan do umul do 25 gisom 27 toun.
65
66
Antakan di toun 2009, 43.6 riong tulun Amerika id suang do komiskinan.
64
Pinotoluod do kebajikan AS nopo nga' id pialatan di amu kopio ababasan id pialatan do pogun nokoburu, montok no do mongingkuri do
komiskinan relatif
om
mutlak
id kadar di okuri mantad min pogun kiharo-haro,
67
68
nga' porbelanjaan sosial swasta om swasta per kapita lobi akawas mantad
pogun-pogun Nordik
69
Walaupun kebajikan AS berkesan dalam mengurangkan kemiskinan di kalangan warga emas,
70
nga' komulakan nopo nga' okuri kaanu do kouhupan.
71
Ponoriukan kokomoi kotoronongon tangaanak i pinoindalan do
UNICEF
id 21 pogun di toun 2007, popoiliu do AS id tukad koduo kotohuri.
72
Sains om teknologi
simbanai
simbanai toud
Angkasawan
Buzz Aldrin
maamaso
kinotompoon tulun kumoiso id tulan
, 1969
AS nopo nga' ponoraju ponoriukan sains om inovasi teknologi mantad po di koompokon abad ko-19. Antakan di toun 1876, nakaanu i
Alexander Graham Bell
do paten kumoiso AS montok pinamansayan
telefon
disio.
73
Makmal
Thomas Edison
minomonsoi do
peti nyanyi
mentol lampu atahan do alaid
di kumoiso, om
kamera filem
kumoiso di nokoingkakat.
Nikola Tesla
pinopointutun do
arus ulang-alik
motor AC
, om
radio
. Di koimpuunon do abad ko-20, porusahaan korita
Ransom E. Olds
om
Henry Ford
pinopoburu do
barisan pemasangan
. Antakan di toun 1903, pinoposuat do sajara o
Wright bersaudara
miampai pinapalantoi do
ponuludan kikuasa pointamong om potilombus di kumoiso miampai jentera di lobi awagat mantad ko' tongus
74
Kinoingkakaton do
Nazi
di toun 1930-an papasabap do ogumu saintis Eropah miagal di
Albert Einstein
om
Enrico Fermi
minundaliu id AS. Maamaso Sangod Pogun Kumoduo, pinopoingkakat o
Projek Manhattan
do sanjata nuklear, om hiti no nokotimpuun o
Zaman Atom
Perlumbaan Angkasa
pinopoimbulai do koburuon id suang do sains roket,
kakamot sains
, om komputer. Ogumu nogi toluod nowonsoi do AS kumaa pamansayan do
ARPANET
om sukod dau, iri nopo nga'
Intonit
. Baino, kogumuan do dana ponoriukan om koburuon, soginumu 64%, tinahak do sektor swasta.
75
Ogumu mogigion AS momoguno do kakamot kiterknologi,
76
om lobi kuang opintanga o mogigion sanwalain id poinggonop AS do nakaanu koumatan
Internet jalur lebar
77
pogun diti nopo nga' pogun di popoburu om pananom apangkal montok
taakanon sinimbanan o genetik
i papaasil do satanga mantad ko' tinanom bioteknologi sompomogunan.
78
Sasakayon
simbanai
simbanai toud
Sistem Lebuhraya Antara Negeri
i nokorikot do 46,876 miles (75,440 km)
79
Korita nopo nga' iso kawo sasakayon soosongulun monikid tadau i bobos alaab kopio pomogunoon id AS. Di toun 2003, soginumu 759 korita kimotor per 1,000 tulun AS, kaadang do 472 tinan porsoribu mogigion id Koisaan Eropah di toun potilombus.
80
Lobi kuang 40% korita soosongulun id AS nopo nga' van,
SUV
, toi ko' luri aga'an.
81
Koubasan do tulun nosukod id AS (kohompit no papadalan om sumakai do korita) magawi timpu 55 minit mongigit do korita solinaid 29 miles (47 km) monikid tadau.
82
Toinsanan industri ponuludan awan AS nopo nga' sanganu do swasta, nga' kogumuan lapangan tumulud tapangkal nopo nga' sanganu awam. Apat sistom tutuludan tagayo di pogun mantad do ginumu susumakai nopo nga' mantad AS;
Southwest Airlines
nopo nga' numbul koiso.
83
30 lapangan tulud di bobos osibuk id pogun, 16 id AS, kohompit di osibuk kopio, nopo nga'
Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
84
Hali pia' ogumu pomogunaan do koritapui montok momirangkat do kakamot, nga' okuri tulun do momili sumakai do rel, sundung pia id labus kakadayan toi ko' id labus kakadayan.
85
Sasakayon undolihon massa
nopo nga' monoluod do 9% ginimu pamanahon kalaja AS, kopiadang do 38.8% id Eropah.
86
Pomogunoon bosikol id pogun diti nogi nga' okuri kopio, okuri mantad ko' id Eropah.
87
Tanaga
simbanai
simbanai toud
Lombong arang id
Wyoming
. Soginumu 27% tangud poingopi sompomogunan id AS.
88
Pamadagangan tanaga Amerika Syarikat soginumu 29,000
jam terawatt
sontoun.
Pomogunaan tanaga per kapita
nopo nga' 7.8 tan kopiagalan do miak sontoun, kopiadang do 4.2 tan id Jerman om 8.3 tan id Kanada. Di toun 2005, 40% tanaga AS naanu mantad do petroleum, 23% mantad tangud, om 22% mantad gas asli; i wookon nopo nga' naanu mantad kuasa nuklear om toud
tanaga di milo inwoguan
89
AS nopo nga' pongguno petroleum bobos tagayo id pomogunan.
90
Berpuluh toun linaid,
kuasa nuklear
nopo nga' mongigit do tonggungan di okoro sokiro piadangon miampai pogun nokoburu suai; gama do persepsi awam kokomoi do
Koligaganan Three Mile Island
di toun 1979.
Demografi
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Demografi Amerika Syarikat
Largest ancestry groups by county, 2000.
Tumanud do
Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat
, ginumu nopo mogigion id AS nga' 339,224,000,
91
kohompit no lobi kuang 11.2 riong
rurumikot pogoduhan
92
Sabaagi pogun kotolu bobos ogumu mogigion id pomogunan, sumuhut do
China
om
India
, AS nopo nga' iso no pogun industri i popoinlaab do kosunion mogigion di agayo.
93
miampai
kadar kosusuon
13.82 per 1,000, 30% id siriba purata pomogunan, kadar
kosunion do mogigion
nopo nga' 0.98%, lobi akawas kopiadang do Eropah Barat, Jepun om Korea Selatan.
94
Id fiskal toun 2009, 1.1 milion imigran noonuan do
mogigion poinsaga
95
Mexico nokosiliu do gama tagayo montok mogigion wagu mantad do 20 toun di nakatalib; mantad do 1998, China, India, om Filipina nogi nga' sinumuang id apat pogun di bobos ogumu mogigion id AS.
96
AS nopo nga' haro o
mogikaakawo o tinaru
; 31 tinimungan do sinakagon id pogun diti nopo nga' poposuat do lobi sonriong o surupu.
97
Tinaru kikulit opurak
nopo nga'
tinimungan ras
bobos tagayo id AS; sakag
Jerman
Ireland
, om
Inggiris
nopo nga' tolu mantad apat tinimungan sakag bobos tagayo id pogun diti.
97
Tulun Amerika Afrika
nopo nga'
minoriti ras
bobos tagayo om tinimungan sakag kotolu tagayo id AS.
97
98
Tulun Amerika Asia
nopo nga' minoriti raskoduo tagayo id pogun; duo tinimungan tinaru Amerika Asia di bobos tagayo nopo nga'
Cina
om
Filipina
97
Di toun 2008, lobi kuang 4.9 riong mogigion AS nopo nga' kiraha do
Momogun
toi ko'
tulun sandad Alaska
(kohompit no 3.1 riong di poinsandad kopio) om nogi 1.1 riong kiraha
tulun sandad Hawaii
toi ko'
Pulou Pasifik
(0.6 riong i poinsandad).
98
Pamabakan ras/tinaru id AS (2008)
98
Opurak
79.8%
Oitom
12.8%
Asia
4.5%
Indian
om
Tulun Sandad Alaska
1.0%
Orang Asli Hawaii
dom
Pulou Pasifik
0.2%
Duo toi ko' lobi ras
1.7%
Hispanik
hinggo-hinggo ras
15.4%
Kinosunion mogigion
tulun Amerika Hispanik om Latino
nopo nga'
arah aliran demografi
di tagayo. 46.9 riong tulun AS sinakagon do Hispanik
98
pinatantu do Biro Banci sabaagi piilangan do "
tinaru
" i poinsondii; 64% tulun AS Hispanik diti
sinakagon do Mexico
99
Mantad di toun 2000 gisom 2008, ginumu tulun Hispanik id pogun diti nokoingkawas soginumu 32%, kopiadang do mogigion okon ko' Hispanik i nokoingkawas soginumu 4.3% no.
98
Kinoingkawason diti gama do koundolihon; di toun 2007, 12.6% tulun AS nopo nga' nosusu id labus pogun; 54% kinosusuon di nopo nga' mantad do
Amerika Latin
100
Koruakan diti nopo nga' nosiliu do gama; purata 3.0 buragang nosusu mantad do songulun tama Hispanik, kopiadang do 2.2 montok kulit oitom okon ko' Hispanik om 1.8 montok kulit topurak okon ko' Hispanik (id siriba
kadar gantian
2.1)
93
Tinimungan minoriti
(miagal di pinarati do Biro Banci, toinsanan suai ko' kulit opurak nopo nga' okon ko' mirolot, okon ko' Hispanik) mombontuk 34% ginumu do mogigion AS, nga' lumaab sumiliu do majoriti montok toun 2042.
101
Lobi kuang 82% mogigion AS poingion id
kakadayan tagayo
(miagal di pinosunud do Biro Banci, kohompit no
subbanda
);
44
kobi kuang sampapas mantad diolo poingion id kakadayan miampai lobi 50,000 mogigion.
102
Antakan di toun 2008, 273
pomuwalayan nowonsoi
nion do lobi 100,000 tulun, siam kakadayan tagayo nion do lobi sonriong tulun, om apat
kakadayan tagayo global
nion do lobi 2 riong tulun (
Kakadayan Tagayo New York
Los Angeles
Chicago
, om
Houston
).
103
Kiikiro 52
tionon metropolitan (kakadayan tagayo)
i nion do lobi sonriong do tulun.
104
Largest metropolitan areas in the United States
2023 MSA population estimates
from the
U.S. Census Bureau
105
Rank
Region
Pop.
Rank
Region
Pop.
New York
Los Angeles
New York
Northeast
19,498,249
11
Boston
Northeast
4,919,179
Chicago
Dallas–Fort Worth
Los Angeles
West
12,799,100
12
Riverside–San Bernardino
West
4,688,053
Chicago
Midwest
9,262,825
13
San Francisco
West
4,566,961
Dallas–Fort Worth
South
8,100,037
14
Detroit
Midwest
4,342,304
Houston
South
7,510,253
15
Seattle
West
4,044,837
Atlanta
South
6,307,261
16
Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Midwest
3,712,020
Washington, D.C.
South
6,304,975
17
Tampa–St. Petersburg
South
3,342,963
Philadelphia
Northeast
6,246,160
18
San Diego
West
3,269,973
Miami
South
6,183,199
19
Denver
West
3,005,131
10
Phoenix
West
5,070,110
20
Baltimore
South
2,834,316
Boros
simbanai
simbanai toud
Boros id AS (2007)
106
Inggiris
no
225.5 riong
Sepanyol
, kohompit no
kreol
34.5 riong
Sina
2.5 riong
Perancis
, kohompit no
kreol
2.0 riong
Tagalog
1.5 riong
Vietnam
1.2 riong
Jerman
1.1 riong
Korea
1.1 riong
Boros Inggiris
nopo nga'
boros Kabansaan
de facto
Amerika Syarikat. Hali pia aiso
boros rasmi
di nakatatap do karajaan porsokutuan, nga' haro undang-undang di popiagal do pomogunoon boros Inggiris miagal do
kominagan naturalisasi AS
. Di toun 2007, lobi kuang 226 riong, toi ko' 80% mogigion kiumur do limo toun om potilombus nopo nga' mooboros id boros Inggiris no id Walai.
Boros Sepanyol
i boros do 12% mogigion id walai, nopo nga' boros kumoduo i gunoon id AS, om mato balajalan
boros kumoduo
i bobos ogumu po'ia'on id pogun diti.
106
107
Piipiro tulun AS poposogu do poposiliu boros Inggiris sabaagi do boros rasmi pogun, miagal di numaan do lobi kuang 28 pogun.
108
Koduo-duo boros
Hawaii
om Inggeris nokosiliu do boros rasmi maya undang-undang pogun Hawaii.
109
Id
New Mexico
, haro undang-undang i manahak do pomogunaan boros Inggiris om Sepanyol, miagal nogi id
Louisiana
montok boros Inggiris om Perancis, sundung pia koduo-duo pogun diti amu pinapatatap do boros rasmi.
110
Pogun-pogun suai nopo nga' poponuru do ponorbitan dokumen karajaan id suang do boros Sepanyol, kohompit no mahkamah, miagal do id
California
111
Apat wilayah kopulauan AS manahak do pongokunan rasmi kumaa boros momogun sondii om nogi boros Inggiris: boros-boros
Samoa
om
Chamorro
nokoingkakat do Samoa Amerika om Guam; boros-boros
Caroline
om Chamorro nookunan do kopulauan Mariana Utara; boros Sepanyol nokosiliu do boros rasmi id Puerto Rico.
Ugama
simbanai
simbanai toud
Sebuah gereja
Presbyterian
; kebanyakan orang Amerika mengaku beragama Kristian.
Amerika Syarikat, miampai rasmi, nopo nga'
pogun sekular
Pindaan Pertama Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat
mamadamin do kobibasan montok popoindalan ugama om manalob do pombontukan nunu nopo
pomorintaan tumanud do ugama
. Id suang do ponoriukan toun 2002, 59% tulun Amerika nopo nga' popoilo do ugama diti nopo nga' "kitonggungan di oponsol kumaa koposion diolo", suai mantad ko' pogun-pogun di kiharo-haro suai.
112
Tumanud ponoriukan kawagu di 2007, 78.4% tulun kiugama do
Kristian
113
nokoinsiriba mantad ko' 86.4% di toun 1990.
114
51.3% orang Kristian id AS nopo nga' kiugama do mogikaakawo mazhab
Protestan
, om
Katolik Rom
nopo nga' mazhab tunggal bobos tagayo miampai 23.9%. Piatus tulun di magakun okon ko' Kristian di toun 2007 nopo nga' 4.7%, i nokoinsawat mantad ko' 3.3% di toun 1990.
114
Ugama-ugama okon ko' Kristian i apangkal id AS nopo nga' miagal do
Yahudi
(1.7%),
Buddha
(0.7%),
Islam
(0.6%),
Hindu
(0.4%), om
Universalisme Unitarian
(0.3%).
113
Pinoriukan dii nogi nga' pinoporuput do soginumu 16.1% tulun AS magakun sabaagi
agnostik
ateis
, om
aiso ugama
, i nokoisawat mantad ko' 8.2% di toun 1990.
113
114
Pondidikan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Pendidikan di Amerika Syarikat
Lobi kuang 80% mokiikinobos kolej AS nokotindapou id
universiti awam
miagal do
Universiti Virginia
, iso
Tapak Warisan Dunia
i pinoingkakat di
Thomas Jefferson
115
Pondidikan awam
id Amerika Syarikat igitan do karajaan pogun toi ko' songkinoyonon id siriba do pogintangan do
Jabatan Pendidikan Amerika Syarikat
maya panalaban do geran porsokutuan. Id kogumuan pogun, nuru sumikul o tangaanak mimpuun do umul onom toi ko' turu toi (
tadika
, toi ko' toun koiso) gisom do hopod om walu toun (lobi kuang taang ko-12 (pangaan koonom), kolimpupuson
sikul takawas
); piipiro pogun papasaga do tumingkod sumikul o tangaanak id umul do 16 toi ko' 17 toun.
116
Lobi kuang 12% tangaanak poindopitar id
sekolah swasta
mubaligh
toi ko' sekular. Lobi kuang 2% tangaanak
poinsikul id walai
117
Ogumu nogi o
institut pengajian tinggi
i kompetitif id Amerika Syarikat, hali pia awam toi ko' swasta, om nogi
kolej masyarakat
ii popoindalan do dasar kosuangon poingukab. 84.6% tulun Amerika kiumul 25 toun om potilombus nopo nga' kikalantayon id sikul takawas, 52.6% nokotindapu id kolej, 27.2% nakaanu do
ijazah sarjana muda
om 9.6% nakaanu do ijazah sarjana om potilombus.
118
Kadar
celik huruf
amnya adalah kira-kira 99%.
44
119
Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu minanahak do Indeks Pendidikan 0.97 kumaa AS.
120
Kolidasan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Ninaru poimpasi sokiro osusu id Amerika nopo nga' 77.8 toun,
121
sontoun lobi oniba kopiadang do purata id Eropah Kotonobon, om noiduan do toulu toi ko' apat toun id dohuri do Norway, Switzerland, om Kanada.
122
Mantad do duo dekad di notoliban, nokoinsiriba o AS mantad tukad ko-11 kumaa ko-42 id taang ninaru koposion sompomogunan.
123
Kadar kapatayin buragang nopo nga' 6.37 persoribu poposiliu do AS nopo nga' id tukad ko-42 mantad 221 pogun, id dohuri do toinsanan Eropah Kotonobon.
124
Lobi kuang iso por tolu mogigion nosukod AS nokotoguang do
obesiti
om iso portolu nopo nga' nokolobi o winagat do tinan;
125
kadar kolombonon id AS di akawas kopio id suang do pogun kiindustri, om nolopi induo id suang do suku abad nakatalib.
126
Toruuruol miagal do
kencing manis kawo kumo-2
i mionit do obesiti, okito sabaagi iso wabak, tumanud do tangabaal do kolidasan.
127
Texas Medical Center
id
Houston
, hongkod pongusapan bobos tagayo id pomogunan
128
Sistom panamangan kolidasan AS nopo nga'
lobi ogumu balanja
sokiro piadangon kumaa pogun-pogun suai, id aspek do porbelanjaan per kapita toi koi' piatus KDNK.
129
Id toun 2000,
Kotinanan Kolidasan Sompomogunan
pinopoiliu do AS sabaagi tukad bobos asawat kopio id suang do keresponsifan, nga' ko-37 miampai poinggonop. AS nopo nga' ponoraju do inovasi pongusapan. Di toun 2004, sektor okon ko' industri pinoposoliwan do balanja tolu kali lipat kopiadang do Eropah per kapita id suang do ponoriukan bioperubatan.
130
Koubasanan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Budaya Amerika Syarikat
Amerika Syarikat nopo nga' pogun di
mogikaakawo koubasanan
mantad mogikaakawo tinimunga, koubasanan om gatang koposion do tinaru.
131
132
Hali pia koubasanan arus perdana nokuasa do roromu-roromu Eropah i noigitan do tulun rurumikot mantad Eropah, nga' kabagal i kasari do rahung mantad roromu-roromu Afrika i nigitan do tulun susuhuon sobolum nakabagas pogun diolo,
131
133
noruhangan po do kinorikatan do mumundaliu mantad Asia om Amerika Latin i pinopoinggumu do senario ririkoton koubasanan id AS. Tulun AS nogi nga' tulun di bobos
individualistik
id pomogunan
134
; imej soosongulun, kopokitanan sosial om tindu koubasanan tulun-tulun Amerika i kipionit o kopio miampai pakalajaan diolo.
135
Media, karamayan om inus kopokitanan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Papan tanda' Hollywood, kinoyonon do ririkoton ponggiat inus porfileman AS.
Main article:
Televisyen di Amerika Syarikat
Amerika Syarikat nokosiliu do iso gergasi id gana porfileman sompomogunan
136
, suai po soira nokosiliu do kinoyonon pinamsayan do teknologi wayang gambal minggura i bobos osopung id pomogunan, asil goos di
Thomas Edison
om
Kinetoscope
. Industri porfileman AS nopo nga' ogumu kopio id
Hollywood, California
, gisom tulun sompomogunan pinopiagal do ngaran Hollywood sabaagi do rati gana porfileman AS om asil filem dau. Momomonsoi filem AS i roroiton kasari sabaagi do ikon sompomogunan nopo nga' kohompit no palakun
Marilyn Monroe
om
John Wayne
, om sutradara om popohimagon filem miagal di
George Lucas
om
Steven Spielberg
, koruhang nogi o lundu inovasi id suang do inovasi miagal do i
Walt Disney
Tulun Amerika nogi i ogumu momoliwang do timpu diolo id dumbangan do televisyen id pomogunan diti;
137
solinaid purata limo jaam sangadau di toun 2006.
138
Gana ponyiaran TV bobos tagayo id pogun diti nogi nga' natangkapan do boogian swasta, lobi-lobi no apat rangkaian koposolimbahan TV bobos tagayo;
ABC
CBS
Fox
om
NBC
. Tulun AS nogi nga' orohian do mokinongou radio miampai purata duo jam satanga montok sangadau.
139
Amerika Syarikat nogi nga' manahak rahung di agayo kopio id suang do inus muzik moden, tu' hiti no ogumu nowonsoi do
genre muzik
i nosiliu do totonudon do tongoulun miagal do
jazz
rock and roll
funk
rhythm and blues
(R&B) om
hip-hop
Muzik pop
AS nopo nga' nakagamut id suang do ababayan-ababayan koposolimbahan di
Broadway
i kakal po papakakal do koutuhan mantad di teater kumoiso nukaban id Manhattan di abad ko-19. Rombituon pop i nosusu id AS miagal do i
Elvis Presley
Bob Dylan
Michael Jackson
, om
Madonna
minomonsoi ngaran diolo sabaagi do selebriti kitaang sompomogunan.
140
Hali pia piungkoniton miampai genre-genre muzik nokoburu, kakal kasari poposoliwan o AS do karya-karya
muzik klasikal
i milo roiton do amerika po tomod kotpiadang do muzik klasikan Eropah, lobi-lobi no mantad di
Charles Ives
Henry Cowell
om
John Cage
; amu nogi olihuan i
Aaron Copland
om
George Gershwin
i pinopointutun do pilangatan muzik otutunan kopio om klasikal.
Kosusasteraan om koinusan
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Kesusasteraan Amerika Syarikat
Maamaso abad ko-18 om ko-19, mingoos o Amerika Syarikat montok momonsoi kounggulan sabaagi do longkod kosusastaraan boros Inggeris, asil mahakarya sastara i noit kumaa di orohion do buuk om hiis di
Edgar Allan Poe
Mark Twain
Emily Dickinson
om suai-suai po. Antakan di abad ko-20, karamayan sastara AS pinotilombus di
William Faulkner
om
Ernest Hemingway
i noroitan sabaagi do sastarawan di bobos koimbayat antakan do abad dii.
141
Gisom baino, 11 momogun AS nakalantoi do
Tutungkap Nobel id suang do Kosusastaraan
Seni lukis
AS di kotimpuunon nopo nga' ogirot o imbayat mantad Eropah, id suang do lukisan realistik i monguasai do komilaan momonsoi do songulun momolukis sobolum do koompokon abad ko-19, toi ko
inus moden
i pinointutun do iso pameran inus di olumis kopio id New York di toun 1913.
142
Koguraan koinusan di agayo miagal do
ekspresionisme abstrak
mantad di
Jackson Pollock
om
Willem de Kooning
, om
seni pop
mantad di
Andy Warhol
om
Roy Lichtenstein
nokoinlaab id AS. Nointutunan nogi AS sabaagi kinoyonon kinosusuan di bahantara
komik
id bontuk do taris id suang do suat abal toi ko' buuk komik, i pinoposoliwan do ogumu kawo wira tangon korohian miagal do
Superman
Batman
om
Spider-Man
Taakanon
simbanai
simbanai toud
Main article:
Masakan Amerika Syarikat
Kopogikaakawaan do koubasanan AS nogi nga' okito id aspek do kopogisuusuaian taakanon om tiinumon i popokito do kointutunan pogun diti. Resepi-resepi di naanu mantad Eropah asil do kinorikatan mumundaliu sobolum om kalapas kagabasan nakaanu di pinosuang sorokuukuri gisom nosiliu do nansakan Amerika, miagal do
piza
om
pasta
mantad Itali,
taco
om
burrito
mantad Mexico, om nogi
hamburger
om
hot dog
mantad Jerman. Tinaru Afrika nogi nga' pipoingkakat do nansakan AS maya
manuk ginuring
ruti luong
om suai-suai po. Piipiro taakanon diti nogi nga' pojualon sabaagi
taakanon tosikap
i pinojual do rantaian restoran miagal do
McDonald's
om
KFC
kumaa pointongkop pomogunan, nga' id timpu dii nogi nga' nakaanu minonoluod kumaa kobolingkahangan
obesiti
i nokoingkawas kumaa mogigion AS.
143
Pomojualan nogi nga' monoluod do ogumu kapansalan
jus oren
om
susu
sabaagi tiinumon do
makan kosuabon
144
Sipoot
simbanai
simbanai toud
Pamain "buul sipak Amerika", iso sipoot kaagal-agal do ragbi i osodu piagalan miampai buul sipak i otutunan id pogun suai.
Bola sepak Amerika
145
football
, sipoot kaagal-agal do
ragbi
),
besbol
bola keranjang
om
hoki ais
nopo nga' sipoot kitinimungan profesional i bobos ogumu orohian id Amerika Syarikat. [[Bola sepak]|Buul sipak] (
soccer
) nogi nga' ogumu orohian nga' oiduanan id tolikud do kaapat-apat sipoot diti, hali pia AS koumbal nokosiliu do panakawalan do
Piala Dunia FIFA 1994
. Montok sipoot soosongulun, orohian o tulun AS do
golf
tenis
om
sukan bermotor
miagal do
NASCAR
. Pondosian o AS tu' kalantayon do atlit-atlit dau id suang do
Sipoot Olimpik
mantad nokotimpuun o temasya kumoiso di toun 1896, hinonggo nakaanu yolo do 2,500 butir pingat setakat diti.
146
147
Unit ponipong
simbanai
simbanai toud
Kakal po do momoguno
unit adat Amerika Syarikat
o pogun diti i notungkusan mantad
unit imperial
British miagal do
ela
watu
, om
darjah Fahrenheit
, nga' momoguno nogi ponipong isipadu
gelen
om
pain
di poinsondii. Amerika Syarikat, miampai
Burma
om
Liberia
, amu po monorimo do
sistem metrik
miampai rasmi. Hali pia miagal dii,
unit metrik
nopo nga' alaku no pomogunaan id gana sains, pongusapan om ogumu po gana industri.
148
Nuut
simbanai
simbanai toud
30 of 50 states recognize only English as an official language. The state of
Hawaii
recognizes both
Hawaiian
and English as official languages, the state of
Alaska
officially recognizes 20
Alaska Native languages
alongside English, and the state of
South Dakota
recognizes
O'ceti Sakowin
as an official language.
The historical and informal demonym
Yankee
has been applied to Americans, New Englanders, or northeasterners since the 18th century.
Ralat maganu:Tag

tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama
largestcountry
Ralat maganu:Tag

tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama
pop
After adjustment for taxes and transfers
Ralat maganu:Tag

tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama
time
See
Date and time notation in the United States
Ralat maganu:Tag

tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama
drive
Sukuon
simbanai
simbanai toud
36 U.S.C.
§ 302
"The Great Seal of the United States"
(PDF)
U.S. Department of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
. 2003
. Linoyog ontok
February 12,
2020
"An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America".
H.R. 14, Act of
Error: the
date
or
year
parameters are either empty or in an invalid format, please use a valid year for
year
, and use DMY, MDY, MY, or Y date formats for
date
71st United States Congress
"2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country"
United States Census
. Linoyog ontok
August 13,
2021
"Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census"
United States Census
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August 13,
2021
"A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data"
NPR
. August 13, 2021.
Staff (June 8, 2007).
"In Depth: Topics A to Z (Religion)"
Gallup, Inc.
(id boros Inggilis)
. Linoyog ontok
2023-11-01
Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia and Fact-index: Ohio
. 1963. p. 336.
Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per
"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates"
Census.gov
. August 2010
. Linoyog ontok
March 31,
2020
reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.
"Surface water and surface water change"
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD). 2015
. Linoyog ontok
October 11,
2020
Bureau, US Census.
"U.S. Population Trends Return to Pre-Pandemic Norms as More States Gain Population"
Census.gov
. Linoyog ontok
2023-12-23
"U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment"
United States Census
. Linoyog ontok
April 26,
2021
The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (US)"
IMF.org
International Monetary Fund
. October 10, 2023
. Linoyog ontok
October 10,
2023
Bureau, US Census.
"Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020"
Census.gov
. p. 48
. Linoyog ontok
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2022
"Human Development Report 2021/2022"
(PDF)
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United Nations Development Programme
. September 8, 2022
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2022
"The Difference Between .us vs .com"
Cozab
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ontok April 16, 2023
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2023
{{Cite news|url=
Put 'America' on the Map 500 years Ago|work=USA Today|date=2007-04-24|accessdate=2008-11-30}
DeLear, Byron (July 4, 2013)
Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer.
"Historians have long tried to pinpoint exactly when the name 'United States of America' was first used and by whom
... This latest find comes in a letter that Stephen Moylan, Esq., wrote to Col. Joseph Reed from the Continental Army Headquarters in Cambridge, Mass., during the Siege of Boston. The two men lived with Washington in Cambridge, with Reed serving as Washington's favorite military secretary and Moylan fulfilling the role during Reed's absence."
Christian Science Monitor
(Boston, MA).
Touba, Mariam (November 5, 2014)
Who Coined the Phrase 'United States of America'? You May Never Guess
"Here, on January 2, 1776, seven months before the Declaration of Independence and a week before the publication of Paine's
Common Sense
, Stephen Moylan, an acting secretary to General George Washington, spells it out, 'I should like vastly to go with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain' to seek foreign assistance for the cause."
New-York Historical Society Museum & Library
Fay, John (July 15, 2016)
The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America'
"According to the NY Historical Society, Stephen Moylan was the man responsible for the earliest documented use of the phrase 'United States of America'. But who was Stephen Moylan?"
IrishCentral.com
"The Charters of Freedom"
. National Archives
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2007-06-20
McClure, James (2008-06-12).
"A Primer: The 'First Capital' Debate"
. YDR.com. Pinoopi mantad
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ontok 2013-06-22
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2010-07-26
23.0
23.1
"serikat"
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2016.
24.0
24.1
"Mengapa namanya bukan Negeri-negeri Bersatu Amerika?".
Mingguan Malaysia
. 25 September 2011.
{{
cite news
}}
Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|dead-url=
help
"Peopling of Americas"
. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. 2004.
Pinoopi
mantad sanḏad ontok 2007-11-28
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2007-06-19
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
Meltzer, D.J. (1992).
"How Columbus Sickened the New World: Why Were Native Americans So Vulnerable to the Diseases European Settlers Brought With Them?"
New Scientist
: 38.
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Butler, James Davie, American Historical Review 2
. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. 1896
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2007-06-21
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
Russell, David Lee (2005).
The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies
. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, p. 12.
ISBN 0-7864-0783-2
Blackburn, Robin (1998).
The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800
. London and New York: Verso, p. 460.
ISBN 1-85984-195-3
Morrison, Michael A. (1999).
Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 13–21.
ISBN 0-8078-4796-8
"1860 Census"
(PDF)
. U.S. Census Bureau.
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|ccessdate=
ignored (
help
Ms. 7 menyatakan jumlah penduduk hamba pada 3,953,760 orang.
De Rosa, Marshall L. (1997).
The Politics of Dissolution: The Quest for a National Identity and the American Civil War
. Edison, NJ: Transaction, p. 266.
ISBN 1-56000-349-9
Gates, John M. (August 1984).
"War-Related Deaths in the Philippines"
Pacific Historical Review
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2007-09-27
Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty (1991).
The Reader's Companion to American History.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, p. 576.
ISBN 0-395-51372-3
McDuffie, Jerome, Gary Wayne Piggrem, and Steven E. Woodworth (2005).
U.S. History Super Review
. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association, p. 418.
ISBN 0-7386-0070-9
Burton, Jeffrey F.; et al. (Julai 2000).
"A Brief History of Japanese American Relocation During World War II"
Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites
. National Park Service
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cite web
}}
Explicit use of et al. in:
|author=
help
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
Kennedy, Paul (1989).
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
. New York: Vintage, p. 358.
ISBN 0-679-72019-7
"The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941 – October 1945"
. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian. 2005.
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mantad sanḏad ontok 2007-06-12
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{{
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}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
Pacific War Research Society (2006).
Japan's Longest Day
. New York: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 4-7700-2887-3
Voyce, Bill (2006-08-21).
"Why the Expansion of the 1990s Lasted So Long"
. Iowa Workforce Information Network
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"Many Europeans Oppose War in Iraq"
USA Today
. 2003-02-14
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2008-09-01
Springford, John (2003).
'Old' and 'New' Europeans United: Public Attitudes Towards the Iraq War and US Foreign Policy"
(PDF)
. Centre for European Reform. Pinoopi mantad
sand̠ad
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2008-09-01
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
"BP Oil Spill Is Now The Largest Ever In Gulf"
. CBS/Associated Press. 2010-07-01.
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mantad sanḏad ontok 2012-05-25
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Lubowski, Ruben, Marlow Vesterby, and Shawn Bucholtz (2006-07-21).
"AREI Chapter 1.1: Land Use"
. Economic Research Service. Pinoopi mantad
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cite web
}}
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link
44.0
44.1
44.2
"United States"
The World Factbook
. CIA. 2009-09-30. Pinoopi mantad
sand̠ad
ontok 2018-12-26
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{{
cite web
}}
Check date values in:
|accessdate=
help
"Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density"
(PDF)
Demographic Yearbook 2005
. UN Statistics Division
. Linoyog ontok 2008-03-25 (area given in square kilometers)
{{
cite web
}}
Check date values in:
|accessdate=
help
"United States"
. Encyclopedia Britannica
. Linoyog ontok 2008-03-25 (area given in square miles)
{{
cite web
}}
Check date values in:
|accessdate=
help
"World Factbook: Area Country Comparison Table"
. Yahoo Education
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O'Hanlon, Larry.
"Supervolcano: What's Under Yellowstone?"
. Discovery Channel.
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Perkins, Sid (2002-05-11).
"Tornado Alley, USA"
Science News
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Morin, Nancy.
"Vascular Plants of the United States"
(PDF)
Plants
. National Biological Service
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"Global Significance of Selected U.S. Native Plant and Animal Species"
. SDI Group. 2001-02-09
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"Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals)"
. Smithsonian Institution
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. National Park Service. 2006-02-28
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"Federal Land and Buildings Ownership"
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An Introduction to the American Legal System
. Florence, KY: Delmar, p. 6.
ISBN 0-7668-2759-3
Raskin, James B. (2003).
Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court Vs. the American People
. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 36–38.
ISBN 0-415-93439-7
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. Xinhua News Agency. 2009-03-03
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Shah, Anup (2009-04-13).
"US and Foreign Aid Assistance"
. GlobalIssues.org
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"The Air Force in Facts and Figures (Armed Forces Manpower Trends, End Strength in Thousands)"
(PDF)
Air Force Magazine
. Mei 2009
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2009-10-09
"Base Structure Report, Fiscal Year 2008 Baseline"
(PDF)
. Department of Defense
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"Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A)"
(PDF)
. Department of Defense. 2010-03-31
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Ikenberry, G. John (Mac/April 2004).
"Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order"
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|date=
help
Kreisler, Harry, and Chalmers Johnson (2004-01-29).
"Conversations with History"
. University of California at Berkeley
. Linoyog ontok
2007-06-21
{{
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}}
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link
"The Fifteen Major Spender Countries in 2008"
. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
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64.0
64.1
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DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica Smith (2008).
"Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2007"
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. U.S. Census Bureau
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{{
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}}
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|month=
ignored (
help
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
Hacker, Jacob S. (2006).
The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream
. New York: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
0195335341
Smeeding, T. M. (2005). "Public Policy: Economic Inequality and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective."
Social Science Quarterly
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Kenworthy, L. (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment"
Social Forces
77(3), 1119–1139. Bradley, D., E. Huber, S. Moller, F. Nielsen, and J. D. Stephens (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies"
American Sociological Review
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Fishback, Price V. (Mei 2010).
"Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and the Nordic Countries: 1900–2003"
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Orr, D. (November–December, 2004). "Social Security Isn't Broken: So Why the Rush to 'Fix' It?" In C. Sturr and R. Vasudevan, eds. (2007).
Current Economic Issues
. Boston: Economic Affairs Bureau.
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"Cuaderno del laboratorio de Alexander Graham Bell, 1875-1876"
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cite web
}}
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link
Benedetti, François (2003-12-17).
"100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality"
. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Pinoopi mantad
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"Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures by Source and Objective: 1970 to 2004"
. U.S. Census Bureau
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"Media Statistics: Televisions (per capita) by Country"
. NationMaster. 2003.
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
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help
"Media Statistics > Personal Computers (per capita) by Country"
. NationMaster. 2003.
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
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help
"Media Statistics > Radios (per capita) by Country"
. NationMaster. 2003
. Linoyog ontok
2007-06-03
{{
cite web
}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (
help
"Download 2007 Digital Fact Pack"
Advertising Age
. 2007-04-23
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"ISAAA Brief 39-2008: Executive Summary—Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008"
(PDF)
. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications. p. 15
. Linoyog ontok
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"Interstate FAQ (Question #3)"
. Federal Highway Administration. 2006
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"Car Free Day 2006: Nearly One Car per Two Inhabitants in the EU25 in 2004"
. Europa, Eurostat Press Office. 2006-09-19
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"Household, Individual, and Vehicle Characteristics"
2001 National Household Travel Survey
. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Pinoopi mantad
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"Daily Passenger Travel"
2001 National Household Travel Survey
. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Pinoopi mantad
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ontok 2007-09-29
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"Scheduled Passengers Carried (2008 data)"
. International Air Transport Association (IATA)
. Linoyog ontok
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"Passenger Traffic 2006 Final"
. Airports Council International. 2007-07-18
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"Intercity Passenger Rail: National Policy and Strategies Needed to Maximize Public Benefits from Federal Expenditures"
. U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2006-11-13
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Renne, John L., and Jan S. Wells (2003).
"Emerging European-Style Planning in the United States: Transit-Oriented Development (p. 2)"
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. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Pinoopi mantad
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Pucher, John, and Lewis Dijkstra (2000).
"Making Walking and Cycling Safer: Lessons from Europe"
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Transportation Quarterly
. Transportation Alternatives
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{{
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|month=
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help
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
"BP Statistical Review of World Energy"
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Unknown parameter
|month=
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help
"Diagram 1: Energy Flow, 2007"
(PDF)
EIA Annual Energy Review 2007
. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration
. Linoyog ontok
2008-06-25
"Rank Order—Oil (Consumption)"
The World Factbook
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"U.S. POPClock Projection"
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Porangkaan noinwoguan miampai automatik.
Camarota, Steven A., and Karen Jensenius (2008).
"Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population"
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. Center for Immigration Studies.
Pinoopi
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|month=
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link
93.0
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"Executive Summary: A Population Perspective of the United States"
. Population Resource Center. 2000. Pinoopi mantad
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Unknown parameter
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help
"Rank Order—Birth Rate"
The World Factbook
. CIA. 2009. Pinoopi mantad
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“U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2009”
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"Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Years 1998 to 2007 (Table 3)"
. U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security
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97.0
97.1
97.2
97.3
"Ancestry 2000"
(PDF)
. U.S.Census Bureau. 2004
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2007-06-13
{{
cite web
}}
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98.0
98.1
98.2
98.3
98.4
"Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NC-EST2008-03)"
. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-05-01
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2009-07-23
"B03001. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin"
2007 American Community Survey
. U.S. Census Bureau. Pinoopi mantad
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"Tables 41 and 42—Native and Foreign-Born Populations"
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. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000-04-01. Pinoopi mantad
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"Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008"
(PDF)
2008 Population Estimates
. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-07-01. Pinoopi mantad
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"Table 5. Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008"
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2008 Population Estimates
. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. Pinoopi mantad
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"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023"
. United States Census Bureau. May 2023
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106.0
106.1
"Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007"
(PDF)
Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010
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2009-09-21
"Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning"
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"English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress"
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"The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4"
. Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. 1978-11-07
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Dicker, Susan J. (2003).
Languages in America: A Pluralist View
. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. pp. 216, 220–25.
ISBN
1853596515
"California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)"
. Legislative Counsel, State of California. Pinoopi mantad
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2007-12-17
"California Judicial Council Forms"
. Judicial Council, State of California
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2007-12-17
"Among Wealthy Nations...U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion"
Pew Global Attitudes Project
. Pew Research Center. 2002-12-19
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113.0
113.1
113.2
"Religious Composition of the U.S."
(PDF)
U.S. Religious Landscape Survey
. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007
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. CUNY Graduate Center. 2001
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Rosenstone, Steven J. (2009-12-17).
"Public Education for the Common Good"
. University of Minnesota. Pinoopi mantad
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"Ages for Compulsory School Attendance..."
U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
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2007-06-10
"Statistics About Non-Public Education in the United States"
. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Non-Public Education
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2007-06-05
"Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003"
(PDF)
. U.S. Census Bureau
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2006-08-01
Untuk butiran lanjut mengenai kecelikan huruf di AS, rujuk
A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st century
, U.S. Department of Education (2003).
"Human Development Indicators"
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. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports. 2005.
Pinoopi
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"Health, United States, 2006"
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. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. 2006
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Unknown parameter
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help
Eberstadt, Nicholas, and Hans Groth (2007-04-19).
"Healthy Old Europe"
International Herald Tribune
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mantad sanḏad ontok 2007-04-23
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MacAskill, Ewen (2007-08-13).
"US Tumbles Down the World Ratings List for Life Expectancy"
Guardian
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"Rank Order—Infant Mortality Rate"
The World Factbook
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"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004"
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
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Schlosser, Eric (2002).
Fast Food Nation
. New York: Perennial. p. 240.
ISBN
0060938455
"Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity"
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
. American Heart Association. 2005
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2007-06-17
"2007 Facts & Figures"
. Texas Medical Center. Pinoopi mantad
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OECD Health Data 2000: A Comparative Analysis of 29 Countries
[CD-ROM] (OECD: Paris, 2000). Lihat juga
"The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive?"
(PDF)
. University of Maine. 2001. Pinoopi mantad
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"Stronger European Medical Research"
British Medical Journal
336
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doi
10.1136/bmj.39489.505208.80
ISSN
0959-8138
PMC
2244738
PMID
18276671
{{
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}}
Unknown parameter
|month=
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help
131.0
131.1
Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001).
Dealing with Diversity
. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt.
ISBN 0-7872-8145-X
Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005).
Society in Focus
. Boston: Pearson.
ISBN 0-205-41365-X
Holloway, Joseph E. (2005).
Africanisms in American Culture
, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38.
ISBN 0-253-34479-4
. Johnson, Fern L. (1999).
Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States
. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116.
ISBN 0-8039-5912-5
"Individualism"
. Clearly Cultural
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Eichar, Douglas (1989).
Occupation and Class Consciousness in America
. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
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0313261113
"World Culture Report 2000 Calls for Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage"
. UNESCO. 2000-11-17
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"Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity?"
. World Bank Group.
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"Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country"
. NationMaster
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"Broadband and Media Consumption"
. eMarketer. 2007-06-07
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"TV Fans Spill into Web Sites"
. eMarketer. 2007-06-07
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Biddle, Julian (2001).
What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America
. New York: Citadel, p. ix.
ISBN 0-8065-2311-5
Quinn, Edward (2006).
A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms
. Infobase, p. 361.
ISBN 0-8160-6243-9
. Seed, David (2009).
A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction
. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons, p. 76.
ISBN 1-4051-4691-5
. Meyers, Jeffrey (1999).
Hemingway: A Biography
. New York: Da Capo, p. 139.
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Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963).
The Story of the Armory Show
. New York: Abbeville.
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"Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity"
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
. American Heart Association. 2005
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"Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition"
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Smith, Andrew F. (2004).
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America
. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32.
ISBN 0-19-515437-1
. Levenstein, Harvey (2003).
Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet
. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55.
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"Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport"
. Harris Interactive
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America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation
. New York: Random House.
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"All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004"
. Information Please
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"Distribution of Medals—2008 Summer Games"
. Fact Monster
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. Information Please
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"Olympic Medals"
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Pinoopi
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