Papers by Asst. Prof. Dr. Budi Waluyo, FHEA
Social Sciences
While Chinese has been taught as a school subject outside of China for decades, there is little r... more While Chinese has been taught as a school subject outside of China for decades, there is little research on how Chinese subjects are taught in secondary schools outside of China’s mainland with regard to the use of active learning and the impact of professional development events on teachers’ professional growth in classroom Chinese teaching. This article explored Thai Chinese teachers’ use of active learning methods at public and private secondary schools in the south of Thailand. It also examined the impact of a government-administered Chinese teaching seminar on their professional development. A sequential mixed-methods explanatory design was employed, involving focus group interviews and pre- and post-tests. The phenomenological approach with thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data from the focus group interviews, while the Wilcoxon test was run to compare the pre- and post-test data. Findings revealed the application of active learning with discussion and rol...
Contemporary Educational Technology
This study investigated to what degree students can be autonomous in EFL classroom by deploying d... more This study investigated to what degree students can be autonomous in EFL classroom by deploying different digital technologies, including Google Form, Quizizz, Quizlet, Kahoot!, and Socrative, and the efficacy of these tools in online English classrooms. Utilizing a quasi-experimental research design, a sample of 48 first-year railway mechanical technology students from an Indonesian polytechnic was used and assigned to control and experimental groups. Data was gathered through a survey questionnaire and two tests (pre- and post-test), and was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the N-gain formula, the paired-sample t-test and ANCOVA. The results revealed learner autonomy in listening, structure, and reading skills, encompassing self-reliance, information literacy, linguistic confidence, and learning strategy. Digital classes incorporating Google Form, Quizizz, Quizlet, Kahoot!, and Socrative were more effective than traditional classes in terms of learning outcomes. Therefore, t...
Due to the spread of COVID-19, all face-to-face speaking courses were discontinued for a while, w... more Due to the spread of COVID-19, all face-to-face speaking courses were discontinued for a while, which inevitably impaired assessment results. E-portfolios are typically an appropriate evaluation technique for universities that implement fully synchronous online learning in pandemic situations. However, little is known about how this alternative assessment technique influences student speaking performance and self-efficacy. As a response, this study explored the impacts of e-portfolios on students' speaking performance and self-efficacy when studying from home, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixedmethods experimental design was used, with 55 university students (experimental = 28, control = 27) aged 18-20 years. Data were gathered via pre-and post-speaking tests, pre-and post-self-efficacy questionnaires, and an interview guide. The statistical analysis revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group regarding speaking performance and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the interview findings indicated that the activities in e-portfolios were crucial for these improvements. This article suggests innovative approaches for teaching online speaking courses with e-portfolios.
Studies in English Language and Education, 2022
Recently, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been explored and proposed to be one of the key co... more Recently, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been explored and proposed to be one of the key concepts for identifying when one decides to initiate communication in the target language. The attention, nonetheless, has been concentrated on how WTC interacts with other learners’ variables. This study, on the other hand, intends to offer empirical evidence on the direct roles of affective variables (self-confidence, anxiety, motivation, and grit) and WTC variables (WTC inside the classroom, WTC outside the classroom, and WTC in a digital setting) in Thai students’ English-speaking performance. The data were obtained from 35 undergraduate students (17.1% males; 82.9% females) using a survey questionnaire. Then, a speaking test was taken from an English Communication Skills course and was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression. The results disclosed positive correlations among self-confidence, motivation, grit, WTC in a digital setting, WTC inside the classroom, WTC outs...
This study examined the social climate of fully synchronous online English classrooms and its eff... more This study examined the social climate of fully synchronous online English classrooms and its effects on students' learning outcomes in a mixed-methods design, engaging 196 firstyear non-English major students experiencing their first fully synchronous online English classes on Zoom in one academic term (12 weeks), taught by foreign lecturers. The results reveal a very positive learning experience with seven factors contributing to the social climate of the online English classrooms. Gender did not affect students' perceptions and learning experiences, but English proficiency levels did, with a medium effect size. The social climate was a predictor of online English learning outcomes with a substantial effect size. Individual insights were extracted from the qualitative data. Implications for practice or policy: • Online English courses should provide the same learning quality as in a face-to-face environment by enhancing the seven factors constructing a positive online English classroom climate. • Educational policymakers should emphasise building positive social climates in online classrooms as it will lead to both better learning outcomes and experiences. • Teachers may be encouraged to develop the skills students need to recognise and manage emotions, establish and maintain relationships and achieve positive goals in online English learning.
Studies in English Language and Education
In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in exploring why teachers decide to and not... more In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in exploring why teachers decide to and not to use a technological tool in their teaching practices. Teachers’ beliefs have appeared to be one of the influential factors, yet still little is known about what causes both consistencies and inconsistencies between teachers’ beliefs and their classroom practices, especially on the use of technology. Thus, to address such a gap, this study examined teachers’ beliefs about video and their use of video in English Language Teaching (ELT) along with the key factors causing the inconsistencies between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs about video and their classroom practices. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews involving English teachers at a private educational institution in Indonesia was employed. The collected data were analyzed by using individual topic codes and emerging themes. The findings revealed that teachers’ beliefs about the use of video in ELT were pos...
International Journal of Instruction, 2022
This study examined both factors underlying the digital divide among Thai EFL students and factor... more This study examined both factors underlying the digital divide among Thai EFL students and factors affecting the implementation of synchronous online learning in English courses at a university level in Thailand during the COVID-19 situations. Using a mixed-method design, it distributed a survey questionnaire to 306 undergraduate students (81.2% Female; 17.8% Male) and conducted an interview with 8 voluntary students. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for digital divide unveiled two factors that counted for 57.207% of the total variance, validated by Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ2 (55) = 1916.309, p < .001), and these identified factors were aligned with the interview data. This study also found two underlying factors from parents (χ2 (28) = 1356.981, p < .001), students (χ2 (55) = 2211.475, p < .001), and teachers (χ2 (55) = 1916.309, p < .001 that affected the expediency of online learning at a university in Thailand. Each factor could explain more than 60% of the total variance in the outcome variables. The qualitative data also strengthened the quantitative findings.
Despite extensive studies on self-regulated learning in the past three decades, there is still li... more Despite extensive studies on self-regulated learning in the past three decades, there is still little research exploring self-regulated learning on foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, in a classroom-based context, this study explores the effectiveness of a course design that promotes self-regulated learning coupled with formative assessment and the use of Socrative on students’ vocabulary acquisition. The study involves the first-year students (N = 136) taking a general English course at Walailak University, Thailand. On CEFR levels, 68 of them are considered basic users (beginner), while the others are independent users (intermediate). Students’ pre- and post-tests scores as well as students’ total scores from 10 vocabulary tests were examined by using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests. The results disclosed the effectiveness of the course design in enhancing EFL learners’ vocabulary acquisition (Z = -4.055, p = .001, r = .35); however, significant differe...
GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 2021
Interests in examining the roles of receptive vocabulary knowledge and collocational knowledge an... more Interests in examining the roles of receptive vocabulary knowledge and collocational knowledge and competence on EFL learners’ proficiency have grown considerably; yet, the extent of how EFL learners’ receptive knowledge of noun, verb-noun collocations, and noun-preposition collocations impact their English skill performances is still insufficiently researched. To address such gaps, this study specifically explored Thai EFL learners’ receptive knowledge of nouns and collocations and its impact on English skill performances. Three types of receptive vocabulary tests were created by using high-frequency nouns taken from the Academic Vocabulary List (AVL), which became the basis of selecting verb-noun lexical collocations and noun-preposition grammatical collocations. The tests were validated by a pilot study, then distributed to the 2 nd year students ( N = 135; 28 males; 107 females) at Walailak University, Thailand. The results of the tests were analyzed by using descriptive statist...
Examining a model of scholarship for social justice
Research in Comparative and International Education, 2019
Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2019
If there are areas that have received significant impacts of ICTs, education is one of them as IC... more If there are areas that have received significant impacts of ICTs, education is one of them as ICTs have stimulated major differences in the teaching approaches and the ways students learn (Yuen, Law, & Wong, 2003); however, World Bank unexpectedly excludes ICT from the key focus areas in their ESS 2020, a guideline that may be adopted by developing countries for improving national education policies and agendas. Thus, by using hierarchical linear modeling and the latest PISA results, the present study examines the effects of student's use of ICT and school's resources on achievement in the third world countries. The analyses disclosed that (1) students' frequencies of ICT use outside of school as well as at home were negatively related to student achievement, (2) school's resources were positively related to student achievement on science at school level and cross-level interactions, (3) the availability of ICT for students to use at school was also significantly associated with student achievement. The exclusion of ICT from World Bank ESS 2020 does not show that ICT no longer plays significant role in student learning process and no longer has a positive effect on student achievement; rather, ICT is probably falling out of favor because of the litigation surrounding it nowadays (McGrath, 2012).
International Journal of Language Teaching and Education, 2018
Despite the crucial role of vocabulary in foreign language acquisition, little is known about its... more Despite the crucial role of vocabulary in foreign language acquisition, little is known about its influence on speaking and writing development from self-regulated learning concept. Thus, by employing a path analysis, this study examines the influence of vocabulary acquisition through self-regulated learning on beginner (N = 215) and intermediate (N = 195) students’ speaking and writing development at Walailak University, Thailand. The findings suggest significant paths from vocabulary acquisition to students’ speaking and writing development, but noting the influence of proficiency level. These findings contribute to the development of research in vocabulary acquisition and self-regulated learning with regards to speaking and writing development.
FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 2015
JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature)
This study investigated the EFL classroom learning environment at a university in Thailand from t... more This study investigated the EFL classroom learning environment at a university in Thailand from the perspective of low-English proficiency students. Using structural equation modelling, five hypotheses involving variables generated by students and teachers were investigated (SEM). According to the findings, task orientation in low-proficiency students was the key to boosting students' English course grades. In the case of low-proficiency students, equity, teacher support, and student cooperation were not found to be important. Student cohesion was also found to be an unreliable predictor of students' English grades. Because research on the classroom learning environment engaging low students is still limited, these findings suggest future investigation.
Research Article, 2022
This study investigated the EFL classroom learning environment at a university in Thailand from t... more This study investigated the EFL classroom learning environment at a university in Thailand from the perspective of low-English proficiency students. Using structural equation modelling, five hypotheses involving variables generated by students and teachers were investigated (SEM). According to the findings, task orientation in low-proficiency students was the key to boosting students' English course grades. In the case of low-proficiency students, equity, teacher support, and student cooperation were not found to be important. Student cohesion was also found to be an unreliable predictor of students' English grades. Because research on the classroom learning environment engaging low students is still limited, these findings suggest future investigation.
Research Article, 2022
Integrating task and game-based learning into an online TOEFL preparatory course during the covid... more Integrating task and game-based learning into an online TOEFL preparatory course during the covid-19 outbreak at two Indonesian higher education institutions.
The Journal of AsiaTEFL, 2020
This study attempts to initiate discussions on integrating the concepts of smart classroom and ac... more This study attempts to initiate discussions on integrating the concepts of smart classroom and active learning into general English course design. It examines students' learning outcomes after studying a general English course involving ICT integration, integrated-skills approach, and formative assessment, developed from the concepts of smart classroom and active learning. The data were collected during the 3rd academic term (January-May 2018) that consisted of students' pre-and posttests scores on vocabulary, listening, grammar, reading and writing. There were 983 students (77.8% female and 22.2% male) involved with various educational backgrounds and English proficiency levels. The data were examined by using paired-samples t-test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and analyses of students' improvement by changes of levels. The results indicate significant differences in students' scores in total and across skills. These results shed light on curriculum and course design with regards to the integration of ICT, integrated-skills approach, and formative assessment.
Benjamin Panmei, 2021
This review seeks to provide an alternative online platform for running an online writing class i... more This review seeks to provide an alternative online platform for running an online writing class inside and outside the classroom. It focuses on Writeabout.com, which enables the integration of different modes of instruction, types of feedback, and collaborative activities that are necessary for providing an effective writing class. Its features allow teachers to create virtual classes and add students by using codes or importing from Google Classroom. The other features enable teachers to monitor the progress of each student's writing and give both oral and written feedback synchronously and asynchronously. Writeabout.com provides some stimulating ideas to inspire students to start writing. This review also elaborates on the pedagogical applications of Writeabout.com inside and outside the classroom in a self-access context and for developing learner autonomy in writing.
Research Article, 2022
Human agency theory has been known for more than two decades, but the
applications in EFL learnin... more Human agency theory has been known for more than two decades, but the
applications in EFL learning are still insufficiently researched and the roles in enhancing English proficiency are still little explored. This study, thus, examined learners’ agency in English learning and investigated the role in English proficiency. Using a quantitative research design, it collected data from 13 nonEnglish disciplines of schools at a university in the south of Thailand. The total number of participants was 389 undergraduate students (22.4% male; 76.9% female; .8% prefer not to say) involving 43.4% 2nd and 56.6% 1st-year students with levels of proficiency ranging from A1 to B1 in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis. The results indicated a higher level of learners’ agency for learning with some variations by year of study and
proficiency level. Thai EFL learners’ agency for learning had predictive roles on their proficiency, yet no potential mediators were observed.
Research Article, 2022
Recently, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been explored and proposed to be one of the key co... more Recently, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been explored and proposed to be one of the key concepts for identifying when one decides to initiate communication in the target language. The attention, nonetheless, has been concentrated on how WTC interacts with other learners' variables. This study, on the other hand, intends to offer empirical evidence on the direct roles of affective variables (self-confidence, anxiety, motivation, and grit) and WTC variables (WTC inside the classroom, WTC outside the classroom, and WTC in a digital setting) in Thai students' English-speaking performance. The data were obtained from 35 undergraduate students (17.1% males; 82.9% females) using a survey questionnaire. Then, a speaking test was taken from an English Communication Skills course and was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression. The results disclosed positive correlations among self-confidence, motivation, grit, WTC in a digital setting, WTC inside the classroom, WTC outside the classroom, and speaking performance, and negative correlations among self-confidence, anxiety, and grit. However, motivation was the only significant predictor of speaking performance. The findings offer some implications for English teachers in improving students' English-speaking performance.
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Papers by Asst. Prof. Dr. Budi Waluyo, FHEA
applications in EFL learning are still insufficiently researched and the roles in enhancing English proficiency are still little explored. This study, thus, examined learners’ agency in English learning and investigated the role in English proficiency. Using a quantitative research design, it collected data from 13 nonEnglish disciplines of schools at a university in the south of Thailand. The total number of participants was 389 undergraduate students (22.4% male; 76.9% female; .8% prefer not to say) involving 43.4% 2nd and 56.6% 1st-year students with levels of proficiency ranging from A1 to B1 in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis. The results indicated a higher level of learners’ agency for learning with some variations by year of study and
proficiency level. Thai EFL learners’ agency for learning had predictive roles on their proficiency, yet no potential mediators were observed.