Avar language - Wikipedia

Avar language - Wikipedia
Jump to content
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from
Avaric language
Northeast Caucasian language of the Avars of Dagestan, North Caucasus
This article is about the language spoken in Dagestan. For the language spoken in medieval Europe, see
Pannonian Avars § Language
Not to be confused with
Afar language
or
Awar language
Avar
Avaric, Awar
اوار ماض
авар мацӏ
avar maⱬ
ماعارۇل ماض
магӏарул мацӏ
maⱨarul maⱬ
Pronunciation
[ʔaˈwar
mat͡sʼː]
[maʕarul
mat͡sʼ]
Native to
North Caucasus
Azerbaijan
Ethnicity
Avars
Native speakers
1,200,000 (2021)
Language family
Northeast Caucasian
Avar–Andic
Avar
Dialects
see below
Writing system
Cyrillic
(current)
Georgian
Arabic
Latin
(formerly)
Official status
Official language in
Russia
Dagestan
Language codes
ISO 639-1
av
– Avaric
ISO 639-2
ava
– Avaric
ISO 639-3
Either:
ava
– Avaric
oav
– Old Avar
Linguist List
oav
– Old Avar
Glottolog
avar1256
Avar
Avar is classified as Vulnerable by the
UNESCO
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
This article contains
IPA
phonetic symbols.
Without proper
rendering support
, you may see
question marks, boxes, or other symbols
instead of
Unicode
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
Help:IPA
Avar
авар мацӏ
avar maⱬ
[ʔaˈwar
mat͡sʼː]
or
магӏарул мацӏ
maⱨarul maⱬ
[maʕarul
mat͡sʼː]
, 'language of the mountains'), also known as
Avaric
is a
Northeast Caucasian
language of the
Avar–Andic
subgroup that is spoken by
Avars
, primarily in
Dagestan
. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in
Russia
Geographic distribution
edit
Territory and borders of distribution of the Avar language (in the
Latin alphabet
of the 1930s)
It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of
Dagestan
, and the
Balaken
Zaqatala
regions of north-western
Azerbaijan
Some
Avars
live in other regions of Russia. There are also small communities of speakers living in the Russian republics of
Chechnya
and
Kalmykia
; in
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
Jordan
, and the
Marmara Sea
and
Maraş
region of
Turkey
. It is spoken by about 1,200,000 people worldwide.
UNESCO
classifies Avar as vulnerable to extinction.
Status
edit
It is one of six literary languages of Dagestan, where it is spoken not only by the Avar, but also serves as the
language of communication
between different ethnic and linguistic groups.
Dialects
edit
You can help
expand this section with text translated from
the corresponding article
in Avaric
(May 2025)
Click [show] for important translation instructions.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You
must
provide
copyright attribution
in the
edit summary
accompanying your translation by providing an
interlanguage link
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Avaric Wikipedia article at [[:av:Авар мацӀ]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template
{{Translated|av|Авар мацӀ}}
to the
talk page
For more guidance, see
Wikipedia:Translation
Glottolog
lists 14
dialects
of Avar, some of which correspond to the villages where they are spoken. The dialects are listed in alphabetical order based on their name in Glottolog:
Ancux
av
Antsukh
Анцух
Andalal-Gxdatl
Bacadin
Batlux
Hid
Karax
Kaxib
Keleb
Salatav
Shulanin
Untib
Xunzax (
Khunzakh
Xунзах
Zakataly
Zaqatala
Phonology
edit
Consonant phonemes of Avar
Labial
Dental
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Glottal
central
lateral
lenis
fortis
lenis
fortis
lenis
fortis
lenis
fortis
lenis
fortis
Nasal
Plosive
voiced
voiceless
kː
ejective
tʼ
kʼ
kʼː
Affricate
voiceless
t͡s
t͡sː
t͡ʃ
t͡ʃː
t͡ɬː
q͡χː
ejective
t͡sʼ
t͡sʼː
t͡ʃʼ
t͡ʃʼː
t͡ɬʼː
q͡χʼː
Fricative
voiceless
sː
ʃː
ɬː
xː
χː
voiced
Trill
Approximant
There are competing analyses of the distinction transcribed in the table with the length sign ⟨
⟩. Length is part of the distinction, but so is articulatory strength, so they have been analyzed as
fortis and lenis
citation needed
The fortis affricates are long in the fricative part of the contour, e.g.
tsː
(tss), not in the stop part as in geminate affricates in languages such as Japanese and Italian
tːs
(tts). Laver (1994) analyzes e.g.
t͡ɬː
as a two-segment affricate–fricative sequence [
t͡ɬɬ
] (
/t𐞛ɬ/
/t
ɬ/
).
Avar Vowels
Front
Back
High
Mid
Low
Avar has five phonemic vowels: /a e i o u/.
Lexical accent
edit
In Avar, accent is contrastive, free and mobile, independent of the
number of syllables
in the word. Changes in lexical accent placement indicate different semantic meaning and grammatical meanings of a word:
ра́гӏи
word
рагӏи́
fodder
ру́гънал
wound.
nom
pl
ругъна́л
wound.
gen
sg
Writing systems
edit
It has been suggested that this section be
split
out into another article titled
Avar alphabets
. (
Discuss
(June 2024)
There were some attempts to write the Avar language in the
Georgian alphabet
as early as the 14th century.
The use of the
Perso-Arabic script
for representing Avar in marginal glosses began in the 15th century. The use of Arabic, which is known as
ajam
, is still known today.
Peter von Uslar
developed a Cyrillic-based alphabet, published in 1889, that also used some Georgian-based letters. Many of its letters have not been encoded in Unicode. The alphabet takes the following form:
10
а, б, в, г, ӷ, д, е, ж, һ,
, і, ј, к, қ,
, л, м, н, о, п, ԛ,
, р, с, ҫ, т, ҭ, у, х, х̍, хᷱ, ц,
/ ц̓,
/ ꚑ, ч, ч̍, чᷱ,
/ ч̓, ш, ղ, ղ̓, ղᷱ,
As part of Soviet language re-education policies in 1928 the Ajam was
replaced
by a Latin alphabet, which in 1938 was in turn
replaced
by the current
Cyrillic script
. Essentially, it is the Russian alphabet plus one additional letter called
palochka
stick
, Ӏ), originally the digit 1 on a manual typewriter. The palochka is not included in common computer
keyboard layouts
, and is often replaced with a capital Latin letter i (
) or occasionally a small Latin letter L (
) rather than the digit
Cyrillic alphabet
edit
The Avar language is usually written in the
Cyrillic script
. The letters of the alphabet are (with their pronunciation given below in
IPA
transcription):
11
А а
/a/
Б б
/b/
В в
/w/
Г г
/ɡ/
Гъ гъ
/ʁ/
Гь гь
/h/
ГӀ гӏ
/ʕ/
Д д
/d/
Е е
/e/
/je/
Ё ё
/jo/
Ж ж
/ʒ/
З з
/z/
И и
/i/
Й й
/j/
К к
/k/
Къ къ
/q͡χʼː/
Кь кь
/t͡ɬʼː/
КӀ кӏ
/kʼ/
КӀкӏ кӏкӏ
/kʼː/
Кк кк
/kː/
Л л
/l/
ЛӀ лӏ
/t͡ɬː/
Лъ лъ
/ɬ/
Лълъ лълъ
/ɬː/
М м
/m/
Н н
/n/
О о
/o/
П п
/p/
Р р
/r/
С с
/s/
Сс сс
/sː/
Т т
/t/
ТӀ тӏ
/tʼ/
У у
/u/
Ф ф
/f/
Х х
/χ/
Хх хх
/χː/
Хъ хъ
/q͡χː/
Хь хь
/x/
Хьхь хьхь
/xː/
ХӀ хӏ
/ħ/
Ц ц
/t͡s/
Цц цц
/t͡sː/
ЦӀ цӏ
/t͡sʼ/
ЦӀцӏ цӏцӏ
/t͡sʼː/
Ч ч
/t͡ʃ/
Чч чч
/t͡ʃː/
ЧӀ чӏ
/t͡ʃʼ/
ЧӀчӏ чӏчӏ
/t͡ʃʼː/
Ш ш
/ʃ/
Щ щ
/ʃː/
Ъ ъ
/ʔ/
Ы ы
/ɨ/
Ь ь
/ʲ/
Э э
/e/
Ю ю
/ju/
Я я
/ja/
Latin alphabet
edit
The Avar Latin alphabet was originally monocameral. Capital letters were added later. Note that there is no distinction between a cedilla as in
⟨ţ⟩
and a straight tick as in
⟨ⱪ⟩
; the graphic forms of the letters vary by publication, and
may have a cedilla or
a tick.
12
13
14
15
16
17
Latin
Cyrillic
Arabic
IPA
A a
А а
آ ,ا
/a/
B b
Б б
/b/
C c
Ч ч
/t͡ʃ/
Ꞓ ꞓ
ЧӀ чӀ
/t͡ʃʼ/
D d
Д д
/d/
E e
Э э
ئې، ې
/e/
G ɡ
Г г
/ɡ/
Ƣ ƣ
Гъ Гъ
/ʁ/
H h
Гь гь
/h/
Ħ ħ
ХӀ хӀ
/ħ/
Ⱨ ⱨ
ГӀ гӀ
/ʕ/
I i
И и
ئێ، ێ
/i/
J j
Й й, Ь ь
/j/, /Cʲ/
K k
К к
/k/
Ⱪ ⱪ
КӀ кӀ
/kʼ/
L l
Л л
/l/
Ļ ļ
Лъ лъ
/t͡ɬ/
Ꝉ̧ ꝉ̧
M m
М м
/m/
N n
Н н
/n/
O o
О о
ئۈ، ۈ
/o/
P p
П п
/p/
Q q
Къ къ
/q͡χʼː/
Ꝗ ꝗ
Кь кь
/t͡ɬʼː/
R r
Р р
/r/
S s
С с
/s/
Ꟊ ꟊ
Ц ц
/t͡s/
Ş ş
Ш ш
/ʃ/
T t
Т т
/t/
Ţ ţ
ТӀ тӀ
/tʼ/
U u
У у
ئۇ، ۇ
/u/
V v
В в
/w/, /Cʷ/
X x
Х х
/χ/
Ҳ ҳ
Хь хь
/x/
Ӿ ӿ
Хъ хъ
/q͡χː/
Z z
З з
/z/
Ƶ ƶ
Ж ж
/ʒ/
Ⱬ ⱬ
ЦӀ цӀ
/t͡sʼ/
Ъ ъ
/ʔ/
Arabic alphabet
edit
One feature of Avar Arabic alphabet is that similar to alphabets such as
Uyghur
and
Kurdish
, the script does not omit vowels and does not rely on
diacritics
to represent vowels when need be. Instead, modified letters with dot placement and accents have been standardized to represent vowels. Thus, Avar Arabic script is no longer an "impure
abjad
" unlike its parent systems (
Arabic
Persian
, and
Ottoman
), it now resembles a proper "
alphabet
".
While this was not the case for most of the several centuries during which Arabic alphabet has been used for Avar, this has become the case in the latest and most common conventions. This was indeed not the case at the time of writing of a linguistic article for the
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
in 1881.
16
Arabic
Cyrillic
Latin
IPA
А а
A a
/a/
Б б
B b
/b/
Т т
T t
/t/
تُ
Тв тв
TV TV
/tʷ/
Ж ж
Ƶ ƶ
/ʒ/
جُ
Жв жв
Ƶv ƶv
/ʒʷ/
ЧӀ чӀ
Ç ç
/t͡ʃʼ/
ڃُ
ЧӀв чӀв
Çv çv
/t͡ʃʷʼ/
‌ ڃّ
ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ
Çç çç
/t͡ʃʼː/
‌ ڃُّ
ЧӀчӀв чӀчӀв
Ççv ççv
/t͡ʃʷʼː/
Ч ч
C c
/t͡ʃ/
چُ
Чв чв
Cv cv
/t͡ʃʷ/
چّ
Чч чч
Cc cc
/t͡ʃː/
چُّ
Ччв ччв
Ccv ccv
/t͡ʃʷː/
ХӀ хӀ
Ħ ħ
/ʜ/
حُ
ХӀв хӀв
Ħv ħv
/ʜʷ/
Х х
X x
/χ/
خُ
Хв хв
Xv xv
/χʷ/
خّ
Хх хх
Xx xx
/χː/
خُّ
Ххв ххв
Xxv xxv
/χʷː/
Хъ хъ
Ӿ ӿ
/q͡χː/
څُ
Хъв хъв
Ӿv ӿv
/q͡χʷː/
Д д
D d
/d/
دُ
Дв дв
Dv dv
/dʷ/
‌ ر
Р р
R r
/r/
‌ ز
З з
Z z
/z/
‌ زُ
Зв зв
Zv zv
/zʷ/
‌ س
С с
S s
/s/
‌ سُ
Св св
Sv sv
/sʷ/
‌ سّ
Сс сс
Ss ss
/sː/
‌ سُّ
Ссв ссв
Ssv ssv
/sʷː/
Ш ш
Ş ş
/ʃ/
شُ
Шв шв
Şv şv
/ʃʷ/
شّ
Щ щ
Şş şş
/ʃː/
شُّ
Щв щв
Şşv şşv
/ʃʷː/
Ц ц
Ꞩ ꞩ
/t͡s/
صّ
Цц цц
Ꞩꞩ ꞩꞩ
/t͡sː/
ЦӀ цӀ
Ⱬ ⱬ
/t͡sʼ/
ضُ
ЦӀв цӀв
Ⱬv ⱬv
/t͡sʷʼ/
ضّ
ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ
Ⱬⱬ ⱬⱬ
/t͡sʼː/
ضُّ
ЦӀцӀв цӀцӀв
Ⱬⱬv ⱬⱬv
/t͡sʷʼː/
ТӀ тӀ
Ţ ţ
/tʼ/
طُ
ТӀв тӀв
Ţv ţv
/tʷʼ/
‌ ع
ГӀ гӀ
Ⱨ ⱨ
/ʕ/
Гъ Гъ
Ƣ ƣ
/ʁ/
غُ
Гъв Гъв
Ƣv ƣv
/ʁʷ/
П п
P p
/p/
Ф ф
F f
/f/
ПӀ пӀ
P p
/pʼ/
Къ къ
Q q
/q͡χʼː/
قُ
Къв къв
Qv qv
/q͡χʷʼː/
Кь кь
Ꝗ ꝗ
/t͡ɬʼː/
ڨُ
Кьв кьв
Ꝗv ꝗv
/t͡ɬʷʼː/
К к
K k
/k/
كُ
Кв кв
Kv kv
/kʷ/
كّ
Кк кк
Kk kk
/kː/
كُّ
Ккв ккв
Kkv kkv
/kʷː/
КӀ кӀ
Ⱪ ⱪ
/kʼ/
گُ
КӀв кӀв
Ⱪv ⱪv
/kʷʼ/
گّ
КӀкӀ кӀкӀ
Ⱪⱪ ⱪⱪ
/kʼː/
گُّ
КӀкӀв кӀкӀв
Ⱪⱪv ⱪⱪv
/kʷʼː/
Г г
G g
/ɡ/
ڬُ
Гв гв
Gv gv
/ɡʷ/
Хь хь
Ҳ ҳ
/x/
ڮُ
Хьв хьв
Ҳv ҳv
/xʷ/
ڮّ
Хьхь хьхь
Ҳҳ ҳҳ
/xː/
Л л
L l
/l/
Лъ лъ
Ļ ļ
/t͡ɬ/
ڸُ
Лъв лъв
Ļv ļv
/t͡ɬʷ/
ڸّ
Лълъ лълъ
Ļļ ļļ
/t͡ɬː/
ڸُّ
Лълъв лълъв
Ļļv ļļv
/t͡ɬʷː/
М м
M m
/m/
Н н
N n
/n/
В в
V v
/w/
ئۈ، ۈ
О о
O o
/o/
ئۇ، ۇ
У у
U u
/u/
ﻫُ
Гьв гьв
Hv hv
/ɦʷ/
Гь гь
H h
/ɦ/
ئې، ې
Э э
E e
/e/
ئې، ې، يې
Е е
E e, Je je
/e/, /je/
ئێ، ێ
И и
I i
/i/
Ы ы
Y y
/ɨ/
Й й
J j
/j/
Ь ь
J j
/ʲ/
يا
Я я
Ja ja
/ja/
يۈ
Ё ё
Jo, jo
/jo/
يۇ
Ю ю
Ju ju
/ju/
Ъ ъ
/ʔ/
ئُ
Ъв ъв
’v
/ʔʷ/
As an example, in Avar Arabic Script, four varieties of the letter
yāʼ
(ی) have been developed, each with a distinct function.
Varieties of "ی"
Arabic
Cyrillic
IPA
Function
- / ъ
/ʔ/
Used at the beginning of words starting with vowels "О о" [o], "У у" [u], "Э э" [e], and "И и" [i]. Has no sound of its own, but acts as "vowel carrier". Similar to writing conventions of
Uyghyr
and
Kurdish
ئې، ې
Э э / Е е
/e/
Similar letter exists in
Pashto
Uzbek
, and
Uyghyr
orthographies.
ئێ، ێ
И и / Ы ы
/i~ɨ/
Similar letter exists in
Kurdish
orthography, but for the vowel [e].
Й й
/j/
Equivalent to English "y" sound.
Nevertheless, Avar Arabic script does retain two diacritics.
First is "
shadda
" (ـّـ), used for
gemination
. While in Cyrillic, two back to back letters, including
digraphs
are written, in Arabic script, shadda is used.
Second diacritic in use in Avar Arabic script is
ḍammah
(ـُـ). In Arabic, Persian, and historically in Ottoman Turkish, this diacritic is used to represent [o] or [u]. But in Avar, this diacritic is used for
labialization
[◌ʷ] and not for any sort of vowel. So, it is the case that this diacritic is used in conjunction with a follow-up vowel. For example, the sound "зва" [zʷa] is written as "زُا".
This diacritic can optionally be used in conjunction with shadda. For example, the sound "ссвa" [sʷːa] is written as "سُّا".
If a word starts with a vowel, if it's an [a] sound, it is written with
alif
"ا". Otherwise, the vowel needs to be preceded by a "vowel carrier", which is
hamza-ya'
(ئـ). No need for such a carrier in the middle of words. Below table demonstrates vowels in Avar Arabic Script.
Vowel Table
А а
О о
У у
Э э / Е е
И и
[a]
[o]
[u]
[e]
[i]
Vowel at the beginning of a word
ئۈ
ئۇ
ئېـ
ئێـ
Vowel in the middle or end of a word
ـا، ا
ـۈ، ۈ
ـۇ، ۇ
ېـ، ـېـ، ـې
ێـ، ـێـ، ـێ
Sample comparison
edit
Arabic
18
Cyrillic
Latin
نۈڸ ماڨێڸ وێڮانا، ڨالدا ڸۇق - ڸۇقۇن،
ڨۇردا كُېر ڃُان ئۇنېو، بێدا وېضّۇن دۇن؛
ڨۇرۇڬێ باطاڸۇن صېوې ئۇناڬۈ،
صۈ ڸارال راعالدا عۈدۈو كّۈلېو دۇن.
ڸار چُاخّۇلېب بۇڬۈ چابخێل گّالاڅان،
ڸێن گانضۇلېب بۇڬۈ ڬانڃازدا طاسان؛
طاراماغادێسېب قُال بالېب بۇڬۈ،
قۈ ڸێگێلان دێصا سۈعاب راڨالدا
Нолъ макьилъ вихьана, кьалда лъукъ-лъукъун,
Кьурда квер чIван унев, бида вецIцIун дун;
Кьуруги батIалъун цеве унаго,
Цо лъарал рагIалда гIодов кколев дун.
Лъар чваххулеб буго чабхил кIкIалахъан,
Лъин кIанцIулеб буго ганчIазда тIасан;
ТIарамагъадисеб къвал балеб буго,
Къо лъикIилан дица согIаб ракьалда.
Noļ maꝗiļ viҳana, ꝗalda ļuq-ļuqun,
Ꝗurda кvеr çvan unеv, bida vеⱬⱬun dun;
Ꝗuruⱨ baţaļun s̶еvе unago,
Co ļaral raⱨalda ⱨodov ккolеv dun.
Łar cvaxxulеb bugo cabxil ⱪⱪalax̶an,
Łin ⱪanⱬulеb bugo gançazda ţaсan;
Ţaramaƣadiсеb qval balеb bugo,
Qo ļiⱪilan dis̶a сoⱨab raꝗalda.
Morphosyntax
edit
This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding missing information
September 2024
Avar is an
agglutinative
language, of
SOV
order.
Adverbs
do not inflect, outside of inflection for
noun class
in some adverbs of place: e.g. the
/b/
in
/ʒani-b/
'inside' and
/t͡se-b-e/
'in front'. Adverbs of place also distinguish
locative
allative
, and
ablative
forms suffixally, such as
/ʒani-b/
'inside',
/ʒani-b-e/
'to the inside', and
/ʒani-sa/
'from the inside'.
/-go/
is an emphatic suffix taken by underived adjectives.
Literature
edit
This section
does not
cite
any
sources
Please help
improve this section
by
adding citations to reliable sources
. Unsourced material may be challenged and
removed
March 2026
Learn how and when to remove this message
The literary language is based on the болмацӏ (
bolmaⱬ
)—
bo
army, country
and
maⱬ
language
—the common language used between speakers of different dialects and languages. The
bolmaⱬ
in turn was mainly derived from the dialect of
Khunzakh
, the capital and cultural centre of the Avar region, with some influence from the southern dialects. Nowadays the literary language is influencing the dialects, levelling out their differences.
The most famous figure of modern Avar literature is
Rasul Gamzatov
, the People's Poet of Dagestan. Translations of his works into
Russian
have gained him a wide audience all over the former
Soviet Union
Sample sentences
edit
Cyrillic
Latin
Arabic
IPA
Meaning
Ворчӏами!
Vorçami!
!وۈرڃامێ
/wort͡ʃ’ami/
Hello!
Щиб хӏaл бугеб?
Şşib ħal bugeb?
شّێب حال بۇڬېب؟
/ʃːib ʜal bugeb/
How are you doing?
Иш кин бугеб?
Iş kin bugeb?
ئێش كێن بۇڬېب؟
/iʃ kin bugeb/
How are you?
Дуда цӏар щиб?
Duda ⱬar şşib?
دۇدا ضار شّێب؟
/duda t͡s’ar ʃːib/
What is your name?
Дур чан сон бугеб?
Dur can son bugeb?
دۇر چان سۈن بۇڬېب؟
/dur t͡ʃan son bugeb/
How old are you?
Mун киве ина вугев?
Mun kive ina vugev?
مۇن كێوې ئێنا وۇڬېو؟
/mun kiwe ina wugew/
Where are you going?
Тӏаса лъугьа!
Ţasa ļuha!
طاسا ڸۇﻫا!
/t’asa t͡ɬuɦa/
Sorry!
эбель
ebelj
ئېبېلې
/ebelʲ/
mother
эмен
emen
ئېمېن
/emen/
father
Киве гьитӏинав вас унев вугев?
Kive hiţinav vas unev vugev?
كێوې ھێطێناو واس ئۇنېو وۇڬېو؟
/kiwe ɦit’inaw was unew wugew/
Where is the little boy going?
Васас шиша бекана.
Vasas şişa bekana.
واساس شێشا بېكانا.
/wasas ʃiʃa bekana/
The boy broke a bottle.
Гьез нух бале (гьабулеб) буго.
Hez nux bale (habuleb) bugo.
ھېز نۇخ بالې (ھابۇلېب) بۇڬۈ.
/ɦez nuχ bale (ɦabuleb) bugo/
They are building the road.
Sample text
edit
Avar
Translation
Cyrillic
Latin
Arabic
Я, зобалазда вугев нижер Эмен, дур цӀар гӀадамаз мукъадасаблъун рикӀкӀаги, дур ПарччахӀлъи тӀаде щваги. Зобалаздаго гӀадин ракьалдаги дур амру билълъанхъаги. Жакъа нижер бетӀербахъиялъе хинкӀ-чед кье нижее. Нижер налъи-хӀакъалда тӀасаги лъугьа, нижерго налъулазда тӀаса нижги лъугьарал ругин. Нижер хӀалбихьизеги биччаге, Квешалдаса цӀуне ниж.
Ja, zobalazda wugew niƶer Emen, dur ⱬar ⱨadamaz muqadasabļun, riⱪⱪagi, dur Parccaħļi ţade şşvagi. Zobalazdago ⱨadin raꝗaldagi dur amru biļļanӿagi. Ƶaqa niƶer beţerbaӿijaļe xinⱪ-ced ꝗe niƶeje. Niƶer naļi-ħaqalda ţasagi ļuha, niƶergo naļulazda, ţasa niƶgi ļuharal rugin. Niƶer ħalbiҳizegi biccage, Kveşaldasa ⱬune niƶ
يا، زۈبالازدا وۇڬېو نێجېر ئېمېن، دۇر ضار عاداماز مۇقاداسابڸۇن رێگّاڬێ، دۇر پارچّاحڸێ طادې شُّاڬێ. زۈبالازداڬۈ عادێن راڨالداڬێ دۇر امرۇ بێڸّانڅاڬێ. جاقا نێجېر بېطېرباڅێياڸې جێنگ-چېدڨ ڨې نێجېيې. نێجېر ناڸێ-حاقالدا طاساڬێ ڸۇﻫا، نێجېرڬۈ ناڸۇلازدا طاسا نێجرێ ڸۇﻫارال رۇڬێن. نێجېر حالبێڮێزېڬێ بێچّارێ، کُێشالداسا ضۇنې نێج.
Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so on earth. Give us this day our daily bread, And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.
See also
edit
Russia portal
Languages portal
Northeast Caucasian languages
Languages of the Caucasus
References
edit
Avar
at
Ethnologue
(25th ed., 2022)
Old Avar
at
Ethnologue
(25th ed., 2022)
"Avar in Russian Federation"
UNESCO WAL
. Retrieved
22 June
2024
"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ava"
. ISO 639-2 Registration Authority - Library of Congress
. Retrieved
2017-07-05
Name: Avaric
"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ava"
. ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International
. Retrieved
2017-07-05
Name: Avaric
"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger"
UNESCO
. Retrieved
19 April
2015
Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
Laver (1994)
Principles of Phonetics
p. 371.
Simon Crisp, "Language Planning and the Orthography of Avar",
Folia Slavica
7, 1–2 (1984): 91–104.
Simon Crisp, "The Formation and Development of Literary Avar", pp. 143–62, in Isabelle T. Kreindler, ed.,
Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Soviet National Languages: Their Past, Present and Future
, Contributions to the Sociology of Language, 40 (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1985).
Услар, Баронъ П. К. (1889).
Аварскій языкъ
(PDF)
. Тифлисъ.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
Omniglot on the Avar alphabet, language and pronunciation
File:M. Debirop, Avar alipba, 1928.pdf
Саидов М. Д. (1948). "Возникновение письменности у аварцев" (Языки Дагестана ed.). Махач-Кала.
{{
cite journal
}}
Cite journal requires
|journal=
help
"Новый алфавит для народностей Дагестана"
(II) (Культура и письменность Востока ed.). Б. 1928:
176–
177. Archived from
the original
on 2022-04-02.
{{
cite journal
}}
Cite journal requires
|journal=
help
Алексеев М. Е. (2001). "Аварский язык. — Языки Российской Федерации и соседних государств. — М.: Наука". М.:
24–
34.
{{
cite journal
}}
Cite journal requires
|journal=
help
Graham, C. (1881).
"The Avâr Language"
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
13
(3) XI:
291–
352.
doi
10.1017/s0035869x00017858
S2CID
164107540
"Avar (Магӏарул мацӏ / Авар мацӏ)"
www.omniglot.com
. Retrieved
2023-08-14
Further reading
edit
Forker, Diana; Maisak, Timur, eds. (2018).
The Semantics of Verbal Categories in Nakh-Daghestanian Languages: Tense, Aspect, Evidentiality, Mood and Modality
. Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture. Vol. 16. Leiden: Brill.
ISBN
978-90-04-36180-5
Korkmaz, Ramazan; Doğan, Gürkan, eds. (2017).
Endangered Languages of the Caucasus and Beyond
. Languages of Asia. Vol. 15. Leiden: Brill.
ISBN
978-90-04-32564-7
External links
edit
Avaric edition
of
Wikipedia
, the free encyclopedia
RFE/RL North Caucasus Radio (also includes Chechen and Adyghe)
Avar language corpus
Archived
2017-10-11 at the
Wayback Machine
(in English, Russian, Polish and Belarusian)
Avar Cyrillic-Latin text and website converter
Online Avar–Russian dictionary, including Arabic and Latin scripts
Avar language information in Russian
Languages of Russia
Federal language
Russian
State languages
of federal subjects
Abaza
Adyghe
Aghul
Altai
Northern Altai
Southern Altai
Avar
Azerbaijani
Bashkir
Buryat
Chechen
Chuvash
Crimean Tatar
Dargwa
Ingush
Kabardian
Kalmyk
Karachay-Balkar
Khakas
Komi
Kumyk
Lak
Lezgin
Mari
Hill
Meadow
Mordvin
Erzya
Moksha
Nogai
Ossetian
Rutul
Yakut/Sakha
Tabasaran
Tat
Tatar
Tsakhur
Tuvan
Udmurt
Ukrainian
Languages with official status
Chukchi
Dolgan
Even
Evenki
Finnish
Karelian
Kazakh
Khanty
Northern Khanty
Southern Khanty
Eastern Khanty
Komi-Permyak
Mansi
Northern Mansi
Western Mansi
Eastern Mansi
Southern Mansi
Nenets
Tundra Nenets
Forest Nenets
Selkup
Northern Selkup
Southern Selkup
Veps
Yukaghir
Northern Yukaghir
Southern Yukaghir
Scripts
Cyrillic
Cyrillic Braille
Latin script
Mongolian script
Buryat script
Kalmyk script
In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported.
For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
Languages of Russia
Wikipedia in languages of Russia
Mass media by language of Russia
Languages of Azerbaijan
Official language
Azerbaijani
Minority languages
Aghul
Avar
Budukh
Domari
Garachi
Georgian
Jek
Judeo-Tat
Khinalug
Kryts
Lezgin
Russian
Rutul
Talysh
Tat
Tsakhur
Turkish
Udi
Sign languages
Azerbaijani Sign Language
Formerly spoken minority languages
Armenian
Eastern Armenian
Extinct
Kilit
Shirvani Arabic
North Caucasian languages
The proposed
North Caucasian language
family comprises the
Northeast
and
Northwest Caucasian
language families.
Northwest
(Pontic)
Abaza–Abkhaz
Abaza
Abkhaz
Bzyb
Circassian
Adyghe
Abzakh
Bzhedug
Hatuqay
Makhosh
Mamkhegh
Shapsug
Hakuchi
Natukhaj
Kabardian
Kabardian proper
Besleney
Other
Ubykh
Chakobsa
Hattic
proposed
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Avar
Andic
Andi
Akhvakh
Bagvalal
Tindi
Botlix
Godoberi
Chamalal
Karata
Tukita
Dargic
Chirag
North-Central
Mehweb
Gapshima–Butri
lez
Muira
ru
Tsudaqar
Usisha
North Dargwa
Aqusha
Literary Dargwa
Murego–Gubden
uk
Kadar
Mugi
ru
Upper Mulebki
Urakhi
Southern
Ashti
Kubachi
Sanzhi
Itsari
Amuzgi–Shiri
Sanakari–Chakhrizhi
Southwestern Dargwa
Sirhwa
lez
uk
Tanti
Upper Vurqni
ru
Kaitag–Shari
Kaitag
Shari
Tsezic
Bezhta
Hunzib
Khwarshi
Inkhoqwari
Hinukh
Tsez
Lezgic
Archi
Samur
Eastern
Aghul
Lezgian
Tabasaran
Udi
Caucasian Albanian
Southern
Budukh
Kryts
Jek
Western
Rutul
Tsakhur
Nakh
Bats
Vainakh
Chechen
Aukh
Ingush
Other
Khinalug
Lak
Italics
indicate
extinct languages
Languages of the
Caucasus
Caucasian
(areal)
South
(Kartvelian)
Karto-Zan
Georgian
Judaeo-Georgian
Old Georgian
Zan
Laz
Mingrelian
Svan
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Andic
Andi
Akhvakh
Bagvalal
Tindi
Botlikh
Godoberi
Chamalal
Karata
Tukita
Avar
Dargin
Chirag
North-Central
Mehweb
Gapshima
Muira
ru
Tsudaqar
Usisha–Butri
North Dargwa
Aqusha
Literary Dargwa
Murego–Gubden
uk
Kadar
Mugi
ru
Upper Mulebki
Urakhi
Southern
Ashti
Kubachi
Sanzhi
Itsari
Amuzgi–Shiri
Sanakari–Chakhrizhi
Southwestern Dargwa
Sirhwa
lez
uk
Tanti
Upper Vurqni
ru
Kaitag–Shari
Kaitag
Shari
Lezgic
Archi
Samur
Eastern
Aghul
Lezgin
Tabasaran
Southern
Budukh
Kryts
Jek
Western
Rutul
Tsakhur
Udi
Caucasian Albanian
Nakh
Bats
Vainakh
Chechen
Aukh
Ingush
Tsezic
(Didoic)
Bezhta
Hunzib
Khwarshi
Hinukh
Tsez
Others
Khinalug
Lak
Northwest
(Pontic)
Abkhaz–Abaza
Abaza
Abkhaz
Bzyb
Chakobsa
Circassian
Adyghe
Kabardian
Ubykh
Indo-
European
Iranian
Cimmerian
Kurdish
Kurmanji
Ossetian
Alanic
Persian
Talysh
Kilit
Tat
Judeo-Tat
Slavic
Belarusian
Russian
Ukrainian
Others
Armenian
Classical Armenian
Middle Armenian
Eastern
Western
Zok
German
Pontic Greek
Turkic
Kipchak
Karachay-Balkar
Kumyk
Nogai
Urum
Oghuz
Azerbaijani
Turkish
Turkmen
Others
Kalmyk Oirat
Lomavren
Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
Assyrian
Bohtan
Armazic
Shirvani Arabic
Italics
indicate
extinct languages
Languages between parentheses are
varieties
of the language on their left.
See also
Languages of Armenia
Languages of Azerbaijan
Languages of Georgia
Languages of Russia
Arabic alphabets
indicates the language is no longer written using Arabic
Europe
Albanian
Avar
Azerbaijani
Belarusian
Bosnian
Chechen
Circassian
Adyghe
Kabardian
Crimean Tatar
Dargwa
Greek
Ingush
Karachay-Balkar
Kazakh
Kumyk
Lak
Old Spanish
Ottoman Turkish
Asia
Aer
Arabic
Azerbaijani
Balochi
Balti
Bashkir
Bengali
Brahui
Buri Wolio
Burushaski
Chagatay
Cham Jawi
Gawri
Jawi
Kashmiri
Kazakh
Kishtwari
Khowar
Kurdish
Kyrgyz
Malayalam
Ottoman Turkish
Marwari (Rajasthani)
Mehri
Pamir (
Munjani
Sarikoli
Shughni
Wakhi
Palula
Parkari
Pashto
Pegon
Persian
Punjabi
Rohingya
Saraiki
Sindhi
Shina
Gilgiti
Kohistani
Sulat Sug
Tamil
Tatar (
İske imlâ
Yaña imlâ
Torwali
Turkmen
Urdu
Ushoji
Uyghur
Uzbek
Xiao'erjing
Africa
Afrikaans
Berber
Comorian
Fula Ajami
Adamawa
Bagirmi
Nigeria
Fuuta Jalon
Fuuta Tooro
Maasina
Kibushi
Harari
Hausa Ajami
Kanembu
Maba
Serer Ajami
Shimaore
Songhay
Humburi
Koyra Chiini
Koyraboro Senni
Zarma
Sorabe
Tigre
Tuareg
Air Tamajeq
Tawellemmet
Swahili
Wadaad
Wolof
Yoruba
Category
Authority control databases
International
GND
National
United States
Japan
Czech Republic
Latvia
Israel
Other
Yale LUX
Retrieved from "
Categories
Avar language
Agglutinative languages
Subject–object–verb languages
Languages written in Cyrillic script
Hidden categories:
Language articles citing Ethnologue 25
CS1 maint: location missing publisher
CS1 errors: missing periodical
Articles with short description
Short description is different from Wikidata
Articles containing Avar-language text
Pages with plain IPA
Language articles with Linglist code
Languages with ISO 639-2 code
Languages with ISO 639-1 code
Pages with Avar IPA
Articles needing translation from Avaric Wikipedia
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015
Articles proposed for splitting from June 2024
All articles proposed for splitting
Articles to be expanded from September 2024
All articles to be expanded
Articles needing additional references from March 2026
All articles needing additional references
Webarchive template wayback links
Avar language
Add topic