Papers by BADAR UDDIN UMAR
Does provision of antenatal care, post-natal care and perinatal care reduce maternal, neonatal and child mortality? With special attention towards Bangladesh situation in global perspective
Advances in human biology, 2022
Since the Alma-Ata conference in 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and countries worldwid... more Since the Alma-Ata conference in 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and countries worldwide have seen substantial development in primary healthcare (PHC). [1] The concept of 'Primary Healthcare' emerged from the meeting as the central theme, and the slogan 'health for all by 2000' was adopted to bring about a drastic change in the healthcare delivery system across the world. [2] Despite the WHO's initiatives to eliminate the gaps in the health status of people across the globe, the programme was not very successful in achieving its target, and the disparity still prevails, especially in developing countries. [2,3] PHC encompasses a wide range of health services for the community, including health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. [4] To reach the goals of 'Health for All by the year 2000', the United Nations (UN) announced the 8 Millennium The present review was intended to explore the effectiveness of perinatal services such as antenatal care (ANC) and post-natal care (PNC) on the health indicators such as maternal, child and neonatal mortality. Globally, indicators are considered very important in determining the health status and the overall performance of a country's healthcare system. A literature search was conducted using maternal mortality, child mortality, neonatal mortality, ANC and PNC in the PubMed, Google, Academia, The Lancet and Journal of the American Medical Association databases. Globally, implementing integrated perinatal care services has brought positive changes in the maternal, child and neonatal mortality indices. The United Nations (UN) is committed to improving the overall living conditions in all countries, significantly improving the population's health status. The UN came up with eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000, aiming to eliminate poverty and increase development in member states. The World Health Organization was a partner in implementing these goals. Later, the UN introduced 17-fold Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 as a blueprint for peace and prosperity for all citizens towards a better future by 2030. As a result, many countries have experienced positive changes in most indicator areas, including service utilisation, maternal mortality and child mortality. Some Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries are progressing, however, slowly.
Faridpur Medical College Journal, 1970
The change in the number of Purkinje cells with increasing age is evident especially in disorders... more The change in the number of Purkinje cells with increasing age is evident especially in disorders of fine movement, equilibrium, hypotonia, postural changes, and disturbances of voluntary movement. The present study was done to see the changes in the number of Purkinje cells per square mm in different age groups of Bangladeshi people. This cross sectional descriptive type of study was designed and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2010, which was performed on the cerebellum of 28 Bangladeshi people, collected during autopsy examination of unclaimed dead bodies from Department of Forensic Medicine. Paraffin blocks of cerebellum were cut at 5µm thickness and stained with routine Harris' Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. Estimation of number of Purkinje cell was done by using the counting circle and examined under the light microscope. The mean ± SD of number of Purkinje cell was 160.71 ± 24.47 in group A (Age 20-29 years) and 152.20 ± 6.49 in group D (age> 50 years), the mean reduction was 2.5% per decade. Histological studies revealed the number of Purkinje cell per square mm decreased with age which was statistically significant and further cytological study of Purkinje cell with larger sample size is recommended.
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions to Antibiotics: How Much is the Extent of the Problem?
JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics
Medication-related harm or adverse drug reaction is a great global health concern today. They are... more Medication-related harm or adverse drug reaction is a great global health concern today. They are frequent and, most often, devastating. With the rising incidences of drug-related adverse outcomes, it is imperative that clinicians have the knowledge and understanding of these occurrences to prevent, diagnose, and manage them properly. Skin is a very commonly affected organ system, and incidences of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are between 1-5% depending on the geographic location. Up to 60% or more of all adverse drug reactions may represent cutaneous reactions. These may fall into either of the dose-dependent or dose-independent categories. Being the most prescribed and utilized drug group, antibiotics have been implicated as one of the major drug groups causing cutaneous drug reactions. There is ample evidence that antibiotics cause severe and non-severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. A review of the present literature was done using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and othe...
Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2008
Materials and Methods Chemicals and reagents Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), silver diethyldithiocarbam... more Materials and Methods Chemicals and reagents Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), silver diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC), hexamethylenetetramine, zinc fillings and other reagents for arsenic estimation were purchased from E. Merck (Germany). Thiobarbituric acid and
Faridpur Medical College Journal, 2013
Methamphetamine dependence is a serious worldwide public health problem with major medical, psych... more Methamphetamine dependence is a serious worldwide public health problem with major medical, psychiatric, socioeconomic & legal consequences. Various neuronal mechanisms implicated in methamphetamine dependence have been suggested. Drugs of abuse are of two types: natural drugs and synthetic psychotropic substances. The former includes opium, cocaine and cannabis. The latter includes pethidine, barbiturates, tranquillizers, amphetamines. There has been increasing incidence of addiction to certain drugs amongst young people in our country. Our patient is a student of private university of 24 year old male with a history of YABA addiction for 4 years. Without having it he can't do anything. If he cannot take it, peevish temperament occurs. He collects drugs from the local spots or particular person. This condition is very much dangerous to the individual and socio-economic condition of country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13527 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):102-104
Cureus
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting inflammatory dermatological condition characterized by i... more Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting inflammatory dermatological condition characterized by itchy, eczematous, sparsely tiny blisters that hold a clear watery substance. Additionally, the diseased skin can suppurate, occasionally with weeping with thickening of the affected skin. This is considered one of the top skin disorders involving both children and adult populations globally. The principal therapeutic intervention for AD is long-standing topical glucocorticoids, which have been used for several decades. Corticosteroid therapy brings several adverse drug effects (ADRs), including irreversible skin atrophy. Tacrolimus belongs to the class of calcineurin inhibitors, which is a type of immunomodulator possessing promising efficacy in treating AD. Topical tacrolimus is an effective and safe non-corticosteroid substitute treatment for AD. We reviewed the available literature to compare and institute the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of tacrolimus when equated to corticosteroid therapy in managing AD.
Does provision of antenatal care, post-natal care and perinatal care reduce maternal, neonatal and child mortality? With special attention towards bangladesh situation in global perspective
Advances in Human Biology
Since the Alma-Ata conference in 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and countries worldwid... more Since the Alma-Ata conference in 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and countries worldwide have seen substantial development in primary healthcare (PHC). [1] The concept of 'Primary Healthcare' emerged from the meeting as the central theme, and the slogan 'health for all by 2000' was adopted to bring about a drastic change in the healthcare delivery system across the world. [2] Despite the WHO's initiatives to eliminate the gaps in the health status of people across the globe, the programme was not very successful in achieving its target, and the disparity still prevails, especially in developing countries. [2,3] PHC encompasses a wide range of health services for the community, including health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. [4] To reach the goals of 'Health for All by the year 2000', the United Nations (UN) announced the 8 Millennium The present review was intended to explore the effectiveness of perinatal services such as antenatal care (ANC) and post-natal care (PNC) on the health indicators such as maternal, child and neonatal mortality. Globally, indicators are considered very important in determining the health status and the overall performance of a country's healthcare system. A literature search was conducted using maternal mortality, child mortality, neonatal mortality, ANC and PNC in the PubMed, Google, Academia, The Lancet and Journal of the American Medical Association databases. Globally, implementing integrated perinatal care services has brought positive changes in the maternal, child and neonatal mortality indices. The United Nations (UN) is committed to improving the overall living conditions in all countries, significantly improving the population's health status. The UN came up with eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000, aiming to eliminate poverty and increase development in member states. The World Health Organization was a partner in implementing these goals. Later, the UN introduced 17-fold Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 as a blueprint for peace and prosperity for all citizens towards a better future by 2030. As a result, many countries have experienced positive changes in most indicator areas, including service utilisation, maternal mortality and child mortality. Some Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries are progressing, however, slowly.
Growing concern over rising caesarean section rates: Is it a problem for low- and middle-income countries only?
Advances in Human Biology, 2022
Review Article IntroductIon The problem A caesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure to deliv... more Review Article IntroductIon The problem A caesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure to deliver one or more babies by making an incision on the anterior abdominal wall of the pregnant mother. [1] It is usually performed when normal vaginal delivery (NVD) puts a mother's or baby's life at risk. Other accepted indications may include obstructed labour, breech or abnormal foetal presentation, excessive foetal size, non-reassuring foetal heart rate, increased maternal age and history of previous cesarean delivery. [1-3] Other conditions that might necessitate CS are placenta praevia, placental abruption, placenta accreta, prolapsed cord, maternal age, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and maternal preference. [2] There has been considerable concern over the rising rates of CS over the past few decades. [4-8] Annually, an estimated 6.2 million unnecessary CS are performed globally, costing US$ 2.3 billion approximately. [9] In 2015, data from 169 countries showed that, out of 140.6 million live births, there were 29.7 million CS births, which nearly doubled in 15 years. [10] It has been an issue for developed countries and middle-income countries. [2,11] In a research paper, Betrán et al. [12] stated that CS accounted for 18.6% of all births analysing data from 150 countries. Over the 24-year study period (1990-2014), trend analysis of data in 121 countries showed that there had been an average 12.4% increase in the CS rates, with an average annual rate of 4.4% rise. The highest (6.4%) and lowest (1.6%) annual increase rates were observed in Asia and North America, respectively. [12] Verma et al. [1] found CS rates to be as high as 13% in SouthEast The rising caesarean delivery rate is a global concern and is believed by many as a problem in low-income countries exclusively. It has been observed that utilisation of this lifesaving procedure is unusually high in many middle-and high-income countries. Caesarean section (CS) is indicated to save both the mother's and child's life in certain situations. When chosen in the proper indication, it is helpful towards reducing morbidity and mortality in both. There is a vast number of papers evidencing the injudicious use of this necessary procedure. There is an evident disparity in the utilisation of the process too. In some sub-Saharan African countries, women do not have access to or have very minimal access to caesarean delivery due to many factors. On the other hand, certain countries overutilise it. Being a South Asian country, Bangladesh is no different from many other countries, with rising caesarean delivery rates in rural and urban populations. It is of great concern for the Bangladeshi general community and the healthcare workers. There have been claims that it is overutilised injudiciously by the Bangladeshi health force. This review aims to find the facts related to the CSs and compare between the high-, middle-and low-income countries. Being healthcare professionals and medical educators by origin, the authors were explicitly interested in Bangladesh. They conducted the review to contribute to the development of the country's healthcare system.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2022
Medical education has gone through tremendous evolution over the last few centuries. In the pre-F... more Medical education has gone through tremendous evolution over the last few centuries. In the pre-Flexner and Osler era, medical education was mainly an apprenticeship-based model. After Flexner’s report in 1910, medical schools were more formalized in the West and became affiliated with universities. They ran four-year undergraduate courses comprising 2 years in preclinical basic science and two years in the clinical phase. Many other countries followed the British model, with five years of undergraduate training and one year of intensive internship training in the hospital. These knowledge-laden, didactic, teacher-centered courses could not produce skilled physicians to meet the challenges and health care needs of the 21st century. That is why innovative teaching methodologies were introduced in medical schools. Problembased learning, team-based learning, flipped classrooms, and integrated curriculum concepts were introduced. In Bangladesh, the medical education also going through a...
Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 1970
Introduction: Long term physical training has been considered to adversely affect the performanc... more Introduction: Long term physical training has been considered to adversely affect the performance of athletes especially the females. It may be due to the iron depletion caused by hemolysis or hemodilution results from plasma volume expansion. This study aims to assess the effect of heavy exercise on hemoglobin concentration and some other hematological parameters in female athletes. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2010-June 2011. A total number of 105 females (70 athletes and 35 non athletes) between 15-25 years of age were recruited. The 35 apparently healthy female non athletes were taken as control (Group-A) and 70 female athletes comprise the study group (Group-B). According to sporting category, Group-B was further subdivided as B1:Runners and B2:Cyclists. Hemoglobin percentages (Hb %), red blood cell (RBC) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), serum iron, serum ferritin and total ...
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2016
Objective: Medicinal plants remain in vogue to treat some diseases in lower socio-economic commun... more Objective: Medicinal plants remain in vogue to treat some diseases in lower socio-economic communities, despite the availability of antimicrobials, often. Majority of rural Bangladeshi and tribal people being grossly illiterate and ignorant, use various herbs to treat a wide range of diseases. Of several medicinal-plants, neem is reported to have enormous impact in treating inflammation and infections. We, therefore, compared the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic neem leave extract (ENLE) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), with that of Ciprofloxacin. Materials & Methods: This experimental study compared the in vitro antimicrobial activity between ENLE and Ciprofloxacin on E. coli carried out in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of SS-Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial efficacy of ENLE and ciprofloxacin (5µg; Oxoid, UK) was determined against E. coli following minimum inhibitory concentration. By filtration and evaporation of Neem leaves ENLE was prepared. Antibi...
Adverse Drug Reactions in Bangladeshi Health Care Setup: An Update
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2015
The safety of medicines has been a major issue involving health care delivery systems worldwide. ... more The safety of medicines has been a major issue involving health care delivery systems worldwide. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) cause a huge burden accounting for considerable morbidity, mortality, andextra costs both developed and developing nations. Monitoring ADRs and pharmacovigilance (PV) is not adequate in many developing countries like Bangladesh. A literature search revealed only a few publications on ADRs in Bangladesh. These scientific reports revealed that the rate of ADRs are comparable with many countries, but the alarming issue is regulatory agencies are not much concern about the atrocities of ADRs. Despite the existing functional government organizations for monitoring ADRs which reports ADR cases to the WHO, it fails to keep pace with the current global situation. The Government of Bangladesh and other stakeholders should take up immediate initiatives in boosting up monitoring, and enhance awareness to report ADRs by the doctors, nurses, pharmacist and patients. PV studies and research on ADRs in Bangladesh should be encouraged.
Prescribing skill and Medication Error: Role of Pharmacology Teaching
Medication error is a huge threat to the health care system. It compromises the health of the pat... more Medication error is a huge threat to the health care system. It compromises the health of the patients and also caused them financial loss. There have been concerns over medication errors globally. Modern definitions, classifications and recommendations to minimize medication errors have made it much easier to tackle medication errors by the health care professionals, governments, policy makers and other stakeholders. The classification, identification and rates of medication error vary greatly; this made it difficult for researchers to come to a term that is essential for easy detection and prevention of medication errors. Medical education did not give much emphasis on this issue due to the poor curriculum designs. The consequence is lack of knowledge and skills for rational prescribing among medical students and fresh graduates. Medical students and junior doctors showed their concerns on lack of confidence in prescribing safely to avoid medication errors. Among other recommended...
Preparedness of Second Batch UniSZA Medical Students towards Bedside Teaching during Clinical Posting at University Sultan Zainal Abidin
Introduction: Traditionally any component of medical education that takes place at the patient’s ... more Introduction: Traditionally any component of medical education that takes place at the patient’s bedside is Bedside clinical Teaching (BST). Importance of BST is absolute. Its role in developing future doctors with knowledge, skills and attitudes towards good-clinical practice is immense. BST not only improves students learning experiences but also enhances patient care. Methods: This cross-sectional study to determine the awareness and preparedness for BST in students from a new public medical school of Malaysia. Results: Study respondents 71% were female and rest 29% were male. Regardless the gender of the students, 91% of respondents take preparation before they go to BST session. Majority of them (66%) chose to go to hospital and tried to clerk patients by themselves. This research found more than half (52%) felt stressed when they are assigned for presentation of a case. Conclusions: Bedside is most essential component of medical education should be promoted to ensure proper di...
Stress Among First Batch Of MBBS Students Of Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia: When Final Professional Examination Is Knocking The Door
Awareness of Pharmacovigilance among Future House Officers; a Study among First Batch of Final Year Medical Students of UniSZA, Malaysia
Introduction Drugs mainly intended to produce desired effects also lead to undesired adverse effe... more Introduction Drugs mainly intended to produce desired effects also lead to undesired adverse effects. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are frequently harmful and result in considerable morbidity and mortality. They also impose considerable economic burden on the person, society and the country. ADRs related health problems are known to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality both in developed and developing countries. In Malaysia ADRs reported has been found to be low, probably due to lack of knowledge and reporting methods of ADRs both in University Hospital Doctors and General Practitioners. The reasons for underreporting of ADRs in Malaysia are not known. Considering all these facts this was study conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of final year MBBS student in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on medical students of UniSZA. The study population were 30 Year V medical students ...
Faridpur Medical College Journal, 2012
In the absence of an effective treatment in modern medicine, efforts are being made to find suita... more In the absence of an effective treatment in modern medicine, efforts are being made to find suitable herbal remedies for hepatitis. This prospective experimental study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2006 to June 2007 to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Carica papaya against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity and compared it with that of vitamin-E. Total 36 adult rats were used and they were divided into six equal groups namely A, B, C, D, E and F. All the rats were fed with normal diet and 2ml distilled water orally for 7 days. In addition, Group D received Carica papaya extract, Group E received olive oil and Group F received vitamin E orally per day for 7 days. On the seventh day CCl4) was administered to all the rats except Group A and was sacrificed on 8th day of experiment. Serum bilirubin, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and...
Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2013
The study was performed to compare the blood glucose lowering effect of Swietenia mahagoni seeds ... more The study was performed to compare the blood glucose lowering effect of Swietenia mahagoni seeds with an oral antidiabetic drug, rosiglitazone in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Twentyfour healthy Long Evans Norwegian strain of rats were included in the study and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) comprising 6 rats each. Group A (control group) received standard rat food for 14 days. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan 120mg/kg body weight in Group B, C and D. Group B was given standard food for 10 days and considered as diabetic control. Group C and D were treated with ethanolic extract of Swietenia mahagoni seeds 1000mg/kg and rosiglitazone 10mg/kg orally respectively. Administration of ethanolic extract of Swietenia mahagoni seeds in group C and rosiglitazone in group D produced a significant reduction in blood glucose level as compared to diabetic control (group B). Histological examination of pancreas showed destruction of beta...
Faridpur Medical College Journal, 2014
This study was done to find the pattern of drug abuse and its associated factors among the patien... more This study was done to find the pattern of drug abuse and its associated factors among the patients admitted in addiction rehabilitation centers. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 150 drug addicted patients at the central drug addiction cure center at Tejgaon, Dhaka. Data were collected with a pre tested structured questionnaire. The study was conducted under the department of community medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka during March to May 2008. Among the 150 respondents, males constituted 87%, females 12.7%. Most of the respondents (49.3%) were in the age group twenty five to thirty five years. Ninety two percent (92%) of respondents were Muslims, 78.62% urban dwellers, 14.0% from rural areas and 7.33% came from nearby slums. Literacy rate of drug abusers was 81.3%. 33.3% were unemployed, mean family monthly income was ten thousand taka. Drug of initiation was ganja/cannabis in 48.0% and finally addict...
Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2012
The study conducted in the Medicine and Skin outpatient Departments of Dhaka Medical College, Dha... more The study conducted in the Medicine and Skin outpatient Departments of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka revealed 19 cases (7 males, 12 females) of adverse drug reactions (ADR) out of 160 patients. 31.6% ADRs were of mild type, 42.1% were of moderate and 26.3% were of severe in nature. Gastrointestinal complications were the most frequent adverse effect (56%). Antimicrobial drugs were the most common cause of ADR (42.9%) followed by NSAIDs (33.3%). This study is a preliminary study for getting information on the pattern of ADRs in Bangladesh needing further studies.
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Papers by BADAR UDDIN UMAR