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Balkan Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the history, culture, politics, and societies of the Balkan Peninsula. It encompasses various aspects such as ethnic diversity, historical conflicts, and socio-economic developments, aiming to understand the complexities and dynamics of the region and its influence on broader European and global contexts.
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Balkan Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the history, culture, politics, and societies of the Balkan Peninsula. It encompasses various aspects such as ethnic diversity, historical conflicts, and socio-economic developments, aiming to understand the complexities and dynamics of the region and its influence on broader European and global contexts.
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Status of the State Border of the Republic of Croatia/Status der Staatsgrenze der Republik Kroatien
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Ilija Grgić
2026, zfv – Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement
With Croatia's independence, defining state borders with neighboring countries became a key political issue. Except for Hungary, border disputes with former socialist republics remain unresolved. Croatia shares land borders with Slovenia,...
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With Croatia's independence, defining state borders with neighboring countries became a key political issue. Except for Hungary, border disputes with former socialist republics remain unresolved. Croatia shares land borders with Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. This paper outlines the border situation from 1991 to today. The introduction presents the constitutional, legal, and profes sional framework for resolving land border issues, followed by a chronological overview of each neighboring state's border situation. The conclusion offers an expert assessment of the current status. The aim is to provide guidelines for addressing open border questions through the development of Croatia's political, legal, and geodetic border framework.
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Status of the State Border of the Republic of Croatia/Status der Staatsgrenze der Republik Kroatien
by
Ilija Grgić
2026, zfv – Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement
With Croatia's independence, defining state borders with neighboring countries became a key political issue. Except for Hungary, border disputes with former socialist republics remain unresolved. Croatia shares land borders with Slovenia,...
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With Croatia's independence, defining state borders with neighboring countries became a key political issue. Except for Hungary, border disputes with former socialist republics remain unresolved. Croatia shares land borders with Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. This paper outlines the border situation from 1991 to today. The introduction presents the constitutional, legal, and profes sional framework for resolving land border issues, followed by a chronological overview of each neighboring state's border situation. The conclusion offers an expert assessment of the current status. The aim is to provide guidelines for addressing open border questions through the development of Croatia's political, legal, and geodetic border framework.
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Maritan The European Legacy
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Mario Maritan
2026, The European Legacy
Following Benedict Anderson and the opening definition in Ernest Gellner's Nations and Nationalism, often treated as definitive, prominent political scientists conflate patriotism, nationbuilding, and a desire for self-determination with...
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Following Benedict Anderson and the opening definition in Ernest Gellner's Nations and Nationalism, often treated as definitive, prominent political scientists conflate patriotism, nationbuilding, and a desire for self-determination with nationalism. The result is a consensus among scholars of nationalism that nationalism is even benign and liberal. Yet these views are based on ahistorical assumptions, including the belief that the creation of mono-national states à la Mazzini was progressive. In fact, most nationalism scholars dismiss the last three decades of Habsburg and Central European historiography, which has refuted the national narratives on which the classic theories of nationalism and much political science are based. Focusing on the Habsburg context, this interdisciplinary article corrects several assumptions of nationalism scholarship, in particular highlighting the distinctions between nationalism, on the one hand, and diverse forms of national allegiance, dynastic patriotism, supranationalism, and Landespatriotismus, on the other. Looking through the Habsburg lens shows that nationalism cannot be reduced to patriotism and nationality, but reflects an illiberal aspiration towards culturally homogenous societies.
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آئین زرتشت و کردها
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Richard Foltz
2026
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Admir IDRIZI - Fshati Nangë në regjistrimin e popullsisë Austro Hungareze të vitit 1918
by
Admir Idrizi
2026
Fshati Nangë në regjistrimin e popullsisë Austro Hungareze të vitit 1918
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Доктрина несврстаних у контексту новог хладног рата
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Matija Malesevic
2026
Доктрина несврстаних у контексту новог хладног рата Пандемија ковида 19 или "кинескa куга", како у Белој кући воле да нагласе, уместо смиривању међународних тензија, послужила je као увертира за фронтално заоштравање америчкокинеских...
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Доктрина несврстаних у контексту новог хладног рата Пандемија ковида 19 или "кинескa куга", како у Белој кући воле да нагласе, уместо смиривању међународних тензија, послужила je као увертира за фронтално заоштравање америчкокинеских односа. Аналогно фултонском говору Винстона Черчила из 1946. године, говор Мајка Помпеа од 23. јула под називом "Комунистичка Кина и будућност слободног света" маркира почетак новог хладног рата. "Кинески изазов захтева енергију свих демократија -оних у Европи, оних у Африци, а посебно оних у Индо-пацифику. Ако сада паднемо на колена, деца наше деце биће у немилости Кинеске комунистичке партије, чије су акције данас највећи изазов за слободни свет", изјавио је државни секретар у сада већ историјском говору. 1 Претходно је америчка дипломатија пуцала из свих оружја: покренуто је питање геноцида над Ујгурима, забрањен рад кинеских ИТ компанија, протерано неколико кинеских дипломата, укинут повлашћени статус Хонгконга... Очигледно да се не ради о исхитреним изјавама у служби предизборног маркетинга већ о дугогодишњем дозираном заоштравању које је напокон достигло тачку кулминације. Оригинални хладни рат пре свега је био сукоб два противречна економска модела. Изолован од међународне заједнице, СССР је током 30-их година прошлог века, захваљујући планској економији и стаљинским реформама, самостално изградио моћну индустријску базу. Континуирани раст индустријске производње од 16% у периоду између 1928. и 1940. године 2 , а затим успешно одолевање налетима фашистичког Запада, довели су у питање хегемонију капиталистичког модела. После 1945. године Запад је био принуђен да настави рат "хладним" средствима. Укључивање комунистичке Кине у капиталистичке токове почетком 70-их пореметиће хладноратовску равнотежу снага у корист Америке, а уједно и преокренути ток светске историје. У следећих тридесет година Кина ће се претворити у индустријску радионицу западног капитала и највећег власника америчког дуга. Почетак XXI века пролази у знаку кинеског економског чуда. Полако, али сигурно Пекинг постаје главни корисник постојећег 1 Department of State (23.7.2020) "Communist China and the Free World's Future". 2 RT на русском (23.4.2019) "Вопреки мифам: как пятилетки изменили экономику СССР". финансијског система. Уместо да убира плодове минулог рада и постане нови лидер, Кина је принуђена да игра по новим правилима. Нови хладни рат између две економски међузависне суперсиле у поређењу са претходним само је бледа симулација у духу Бодријарових "фаталних стратегија завођења". Уз помоћ симболике прошлих времена и информатичког симулакрума нових 5Г технологија, Вашингтон шаље сигнал Пекингу да је време за бинарну поделу света у циљу одржавања контроле система. Нови хладни рат постаје концептуални оквир за решавање свих политичких питања и главна тенденција у међународним односима. Азијски змај, свети симбол уздржаности и племства, у додиру са постмодерним Западом поприма чудовишну форму која само што не почне да бљује ватру. Индија у фокусу Примарни спољнополитички задатак Беле куће у наредном периоду биће интегрисање "највеће демократије на свету" у антикинеску коалицију. Током посете Њу Делхију почетком године, Трамп је потписао "свеобухватно стратешко партнерство" и најавио огромне инвестиције у склопу новог споразума о слободној трговини. Одсуство оштре критике Вашингтона на рачун Њу Делхија поводом укидања аутономије у спорним територијама Кашмира сигнализира да стратешко партнерство има добру перспективу. Обамина доктрина "Pivot to Asia" из 2012. године није уродила плодом. Из тог разлога Америчка интересна сфера се са Тихог проширује на Индијски океан "од западне обале Сједињених Држава до западне обале Индије". По узору на евроатлантску, индо-пацифичка концепција представља својеврстан мостобран острвских земаља на ободима Велике Евроазије преко којих се дестабилизују и обуздавају континенталне силе. Демографски и природни ресурси позиционирају Индију као кључног савезника у региону и моћни контратег кинеској експанзији. С тим у вези, инвестиције у индијску економију подударају се са сврставањем Њу Делхија на страну демократског "слободног света". По принципу штапа и шаргарепе Индија забрањује мобилне апликације под контролом Пекинга, а заузврат добија позив за чланство у британском клубу "10 демократија" -мултилатералном пројекту изградње независне 5Г мреже у циљу супротстављања кинеској "телекомуникационој диктатури". 3 Aмбициознa тежња за високим темпом економског раста охрабрује Њу Делхи на зависан пут унутрашњег развоја по узору на Кину почетком 70-их. Остаје питање: имају ли Сједињене 3 Reuters (28.5 2020) "UK seeks alliance to avoid reliance on Chinese tech: The Times".
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«Ο Μπεκίρ Φικρί και η δράση του στη δυτική Μακεδονία κατά τον Α΄ Βαλκανικό Πόλεμο», Βαλκανικά Σύμμεικτα, τ. 23, Θεσσαλονίκη 2025, σ. 155-202.
by
Georgios Limantzakis, PhD
2026, Βαλκανικά Σύμμεικτα
Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τη δράση του Μπεκίρ Φικρί (1882-1914) στη δυτική Μακεδονία κατά τον Α΄ Βαλκανικό Πόλεμο. Ο Μπεκίρ Φικρί φοίτησε στις στρατιωτικές σχολές Μοναστηρίου και Κωνσταντινούπολης στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, υπηρέτησε για...
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Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τη δράση του Μπεκίρ Φικρί (1882-1914) στη δυτική Μακεδονία κατά τον Α΄ Βαλκανικό Πόλεμο. Ο Μπεκίρ Φικρί φοίτησε στις στρατιωτικές σχολές Μοναστηρίου και Κωνσταντινούπολης στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, υπηρέτησε για τρία χρόνια στην Υεμένη και εντάχθηκε στο κίνημα των Νεότουρκων το 1907. Διετέλεσε διοικητής τάγματος εθελοντών και σταθμού χωροφυλακής και εξελίχθηκε σε ηγετική φυσιογνωμία που μπορούσε να κινητοποιήσει και να οπλίσει εκατοντάδες μουσουλμάνους μέσα σε λίγες ώρες. Κατά τον Α΄ Βαλκανικό Πόλεμο επέδειξε πλούσια δράση, οργανώνοντας μια επιτυχή οθωμανική αντεπίθεση που είχε ως αποτέλεσμα τη διασφάλιση της Καστοριάς, την ανακατάληψη της Λείψιστας (σημ. Νεάπολη) και των Γρεβενών και την επίθεση κατά της Σιάτιστας. Μετά την ανακατάληψη της περιοχής από τις ελληνικές δυνάμεις στις αρχές Νοεμβρίου του 1912, ο Μπεκίρ Φικρί μετέβη στην Ήπειρο, όπου συνέχισε τη δράση του στην ορεινή ζώνη μεταξύ Κόνιτσας και Λεσκοβικίου. Μετά το τέλος του Α΄ Βαλκανικού Πολέμου αναγνωρίστηκε από τον σουλτάνο Μεχμέτ Ε΄ ως «πατριώτης» (vatansever) και «ήρωας των Γρεβενών» (Grebene kahramanı). Για τις ανάγκες της μελέτης αξιοποιήθηκαν απομνημονεύματα Κρητών εθελοντών των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων, αρχειακό υλικό εφημερίδων και διεθνής βιβλιογραφία, με στόχο την ανασύνθεση μιας όσο το δυνατόν πληρέστερης εικόνας για τη δράση του Μπεκίρ Φικρί στη Μακεδονία κατά το φθινόπωρο του 1912 και την ένταξή της στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο των συγκρούσεων της περιόδου.
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Haji Bektash Veli's Contribution to Coexistence Culture
by
Emin Orujov
2026, The 3rd International Symposium on The Practice of Coexistence in Islamic Culture
The Bektashi doctrine, established in the 13th century as a branch of Sufism in Anatolia, played a significant role in promoting a culture of coexistence in an atmosphere of peace, prosperity, and well-being, regardless of individuals'...
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The Bektashi doctrine, established in the 13th century as a branch of Sufism in Anatolia, played a significant role in promoting a culture of coexistence in an atmosphere of peace, prosperity, and well-being, regardless of individuals' national or religious affiliations. Based on the humanistic principles of Haji Bektash Veli, the founder of the order, this doctrine spread his teachings throughout Anatolia. Haji Bektash Veli wrote, "Don't forget that your enemy is also a human being", calling humanity to embrace love and tolerance. He emphasized the importance of transcending discord and hatred, fostering a sense of unity over individuality. During this period, Anatolia was a melting pot of diverse national and religious ideologies, necessitating the harmonization of conflicting perspectives. Muslims, Christians and Jews, each with differing beliefs and values, not only sought peaceful coexistence within their religious frameworks but also aspired to collaborate socially, politically and economically, towards a shared cultural progress. Haji Bektash Veli developed his teachings around the principles of unity and communal solidarity, emphasizing the grave implications of disregarding these values for society. Within the works ascribed to him, he envisioned a world guided by words and qualities that embody love, respect, and tolerance, advocating for a transformation of human consciousness on these levels. Central to his philosophy is the renowned concept of "four doors, forty points", particularly stressing the importance of viewing nations, peoples and societies through a prism of equality and recognizing their inherent goodness. The idealized positive personality that individuals should strive towards is rooted in the ethos of Bektashi thought, reflecting the spirit of harmonious coexistence that he taught. Haji Bektash believed in the unity of varied and opposing views through love and tolerance, and his legacy of cultivating a culture of coexistence has endured the test of time, retaining its essence and relevance in all aspects of human life today. Bektashi's teachings, which focus on Islamic faith, the Holy Quran, the Prophet Muhammad's ethical principles and a coexistence-based way of life, resonate universally with humanity. His teachings promote harmony, peace, unconditional love for all beings, respect for humanity, mercy, loyalty to friendship and brotherhood principles and the concept of tolerance, which contributes to social cohesion and stability. The notion of national coexistence, regardless of religious beliefs, is a valuable heritage not only in Anatolia, where these ideals originated and spread, but for all progressive societies embracing the principles of humanism. This enduring legacy of coexistence continues to unite individuals through its traditional values, influencing the thoughts and lifestyles of those who embrace it.
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CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ROMANINDA TÜRKLERE YÖNELİK SOYKIRIM
by
Volkan Çil
2026
This thesis examines how genocidal violence against Turks has been represented in sixty novels written in Turkish literature from 1922 to the present. The historical framework of the study spans the mass violence directed at Turks,...
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This thesis examines how genocidal violence against Turks has been represented in sixty novels written in Turkish literature from 1922 to the present. The historical framework of the study spans the mass violence directed at Turks, beginning with the Tripolitsa Massacre in the Morea (Peloponnese) in 1821 and extending from the Balkans to Anatolia, from Crete to Cyprus, from Khojaly to Bosnia, and along the Iran-Turkestan axis. In this thesis, the concept of genocide is approached not only as a legal term but also as a historical and human reality reconstructed within the narrative universe of the novels. The novels under study prominently feature themes such as rape, flight, massacre, humiliation, captivity, torture, attacks on national and religious identity, trauma, suicide, and exile. Through these themes, the genocidal nature of systematic policies of annihilation directed against Turkish communities is made visible at the literary level. The novels are evaluated in two sections, before and after the implementation of the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention in 1951. For novels written before 1948-or depicting events from that period-since the term "genocide" and its legal definition and sanctions did not yet exist, the reference point in the analysis is not the date of writing but the historical events portrayed. In short, the primary reference in all novels, both pre-and post-Convention, is whether the events depicted can be considered under the crime of genocide. This approach reveals that even in periods before the establishment of legal terminology, authors reflected the essential elements of genocide through literary narrative. In conclusion, the thesis argues that Turkish novels from different periods create a field of testimony documenting genocidal violence against Turks, conveying not only individual suffering but also collective experiences of destruction within the narrative memory.
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Tomislav Krsmanovic-Scapegoat
by
Tomislav Krsmanovic
2026, Tomislav Krsmanovic-Scapegoat
The right to self-defense, health and life is prescribed by domestic laws, the constitution and international conventions on human rights. With this document I want to present my defense. I refer to the achievement of civilization, the...
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The right to self-defense, health and life is prescribed by domestic laws, the constitution and international conventions on human rights. With this document I want to present my defense. I refer to the achievement of civilization, the individual's right to defense. My intention is to communicate the factual situation. I did not deal with politics, but defense against flagrant and long-term denial of my legal rights, for which I did not give a real reason. I was abused for years, put in a facility, so that my example would scare others. I was made a scapegoat. Over time, my original activity of defending personal interests was deformed, imperceptibly, into a broader engagement for human rights due to the occurrence of objective circumstances. Accordingly, I demand that my legal rights be respected. .
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The Claiming of the Dodecanese 1940 1948
by
Stylianos Traikopoulos, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher in Modern History
2026
The Claiming of the Dodecanese (1940-1948) Author: Stylianos Traikopoulos Institution: Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, MA Program in Modern History Supervisor: Professor Prokopis Papastratis Subject and Purpose...
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The Claiming of the Dodecanese (1940-1948)
Author: Stylianos Traikopoulos
Institution: Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, MA Program in Modern History
Supervisor: Professor Prokopis Papastratis
Subject and Purpose
This thesis examines the complex diplomatic and military struggle for the Dodecanese during the critical years 1940-1948. The central research question is why the Dodecanese, a complex of islands with an overwhelmingly Greek population, became the object of intense rivalries among the Great Powers (Italy, Germany, Britain, the USA, the Soviet Union) and neighboring Turkey, ultimately becoming Greece's only successful national claim after World War II, in contrast to Northern Epirus, Cyprus, and the readjustment of the Greco-Bulgarian border.
Structure and Main Arguments
1. Historical Background (1911-1939): The thesis begins with the Italian occupation of the islands in 1912 and their formal cession to Italy under the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). It highlights the failure of previous diplomatic arrangements (e.g., the Treaty of Sèvres, the Tittoni-Venizelos Agreement) and the systematic policy of Italianization pursued by the Italians, against which the steadfastly Greek population reacted.
2. Plans for Capture (1940-1943): The strategic importance of the Dodecanese (control of the Aegean, bases for operations in the Middle East) underscored the need for their capture by the Allies. The thesis presents: the early, failed plans (e.g., Operation Abstention at Kastellorizo, 1941) due to lack of resources, and the battle in the Aegean following the Italian surrender (1943). German air superiority and the American refusal to allocate forces (priority given to Operation Overlord) thwarted the British plan (Operation Accolade) to capture Rhodes, leading to the loss of Leros and Samos.
3. The Turkish Factor (1939-1943): The study highlights opportunistic and procrastinating Turkish diplomacy. Despite assurances of having no claims, Turkey claimed the islands using various incentives from both sides (Axis and Allies), fearing it might be left out of territorial readjustments. Its lack of substantial participation in the war weakened its position.
4. Greek Claims (1941-1944): The Greek government-in-exile (Tsouderos, Papandreou) had from an early stage included the Dodecanese in its claims, citing the Greek character of the islands, historical continuity, and the victorious outcome of the Greco-Italian War. In contrast, the Left (EAM/KKE), through its press (e.g., Rizospastis), while supporting annexation, linked the satisfaction of national claims to the existence of a representative, democratic government, accusing the monarchist governments of submission to British interests.
5. From the End of the War to Annexation (1945-1948): After the war, British troops occupied the islands. The USSR, raising the issue of the non-representativeness of the Greek government, temporarily complicated the situation. The critical turning point was the sudden agreement of Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov at the Council of Foreign Ministers (June 1946) to cede the Dodecanese to Greece. This decision was sealed with the Peace Treaty with Italy (February 1947).
Conclusions
The successful annexation of the Dodecanese (officially in January 1948) is considered Greece's only significant territorial gain after the war. The reasons for this success are summarized as: a) the multifaceted rivalries of the Great Powers, b) Turkish procrastination and belated entry into the war, c) the British strategic need to bolster the prestige of the Greek government-in-exile, d) strong legal and moral grounds (Greek character, victory over Italy), and e) successful Greek diplomacy. Ultimately, the annexation of the Dodecanese served as compensation for other failed national claims, within the context of the emerging Cold War.
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Humour of Bruca Braca Bruda Brada
by
Selma Djuliman
2026, The European Journal f Humour Research
This article is about the Bosnian animated series Bruca Braca Bruda Brada which deals with contemporary social issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on Švrakino selo, a predominantly working-class neighbourhood on the outskirts of...
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This article is about the Bosnian animated series Bruca Braca Bruda Brada which deals with contemporary social issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on Švrakino selo, a predominantly working-class neighbourhood on the outskirts of Sarajevo. The series' creators are Helem Nejse, a Sarajevo-based hip-hop band. The humour stands out because of the linguistic subtlety through which contemporary society is portrayed, focusing especially on the Sarajevo area. Stylistically, the slang, the wordplay, the counter-images of real-life politicians, criminals and events are all part of a layered storyline, painting an image of a society trapped for over three decades in the limbo of expectations of a better life. The analytical framework consists of the following units, superficially functioning as general knowledge scripts: names, nationalism, (local) patriotism, know-it-all and corruption. However, these scripts, in the context of the analysed material, become restricted, making the humorous interpretation challenging not only to an international audience, but also to native speakers in some instances. Stylistic traits of the selected material are observed, together with additional linguistic devices that enhance humour. Culture-specific expressions and other important contextual segments are also explained where necessary.
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Les mémoriaux post-conflictuels. Entre réconciliation, transmission et instrumentalisation
by
Pascal PLAS
2026, Vivre avec la mémoire des conflits. D'un continent l'autre
Depuis trois décennies maintenant la mémoire et l'histoire des lieux traumatiques des guerres, massacres, crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanité, génocides, exactions en tout genre commis au XXème siècle se développent partout en...
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Depuis trois décennies maintenant la mémoire et l'histoire des lieux traumatiques des guerres, massacres, crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanité, génocides, exactions en tout genre commis au XXème siècle se développent partout en Europe ainsi que, plus récemment, dans le reste du monde, en Amérique Latine et en Afrique, secondairement en Asie, sur les sites mêmes devenus symboliques1. Englobés dans l'appellation de « mémoriaux », les établissements qui naissent et se développent sont en fait de nature assez diverse ; on y trouve des musées d'histoire selon la conception la plus classique ou totalement renouvelée-musées de la résistance et de la déportation en France-, mais aussi des mémoriaux stricto sensu-ruines ou éléments de ruines, nécropoles, monuments-, des historiaux2, des structures d'interprétation ou d'évocation3 qui peuvent prendre des noms divers. Bien souvent ces structures sont tout cela à la fois, elles s'entrecroisent et évoluent en permanence si bien qu'aujourd'hui la terminologie que l'on utilise masque en fait des similitudes plus que des différences. La chronologie de leur implantation est variable, certains établissements sont anciens mais il y a une nette accélération des créations depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt et une 1 Voir, plus particulièrement, dans une bibliographie abondante, Musées de guerre et mémoriaux, sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boursier, Paris, Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2005; "Génocides, lieux (et non lieux) de mémoire", Revue d'histoire de la Shoah, le monde juif, n° 181, juillet-décembre 2004.
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When Court Decisions Simply Aren’t Enough: What Comes Next for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Constitutional Crisis?
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Harun Išerić
2026, Law & Governance: South East Europe
Following unprecedented legal moves toward the de facto secession of one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) subnational units-Republika Srpska (RS)-the Constitutional Court of BiH (CC BiH / the Court) has annulled laws and policies it...
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Following unprecedented legal moves toward the de facto secession of one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) subnational units-Republika Srpska (RS)-the Constitutional Court of BiH (CC BiH / the Court) has annulled laws and policies it deemed to undermine state sovereignty and the supremacy of national judicial and security institutions within RS territory. However, the legal battle to preserve BiH's statehood and cooperative federalism is far from over.
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T.C. HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANA BİLİM DALI 3802 NUMARALI RODOS NÜFUS DEFTERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE TRANSKRİPSİYONU
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Melahat Ergin
2026
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Сербские говоры Метохии - их значение для славянского и балканского языкознания. The Serbian Dialects of Metohija – Their Significance for Slavic and Balkan Linguistics
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Andrey N . Sobolev / Андрей Николаевич Соболев
2026, "Руска србистика данас" Међународна научна конференција посвећена сећању на научни допринос проф. Екатерине Ивановне Јакушкине (1977-2026). 25 апреля 2026 г. Белград. Союз славистических обществ Сербии
Сербские говоры Метохии - их значение для славянского и балканского языкознания. The Serbian Dialects of Metohija – Their Significance for Slavic and Balkan Linguistics
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Mihai-Cristian Amăriuței, Mihai Anatolii Ciobanu, Mosques Turned into Churches, and Bells Cast from Ottoman Cannons: Between the Russian and Ottoman Empires, Moldavia and Wallachia (1828–34), in: Turkish Historical Review 17 (2026) 108–136
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Mihai-Cristian Amăriuţei
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Mihai Anatolii Ciobanu / Михаил Анатольевич Чобану
2026
For several centuries, Brăila (İbrail in Ottoman Turkish) and Giurgiu (Yergöğü) were under Ottoman rule. Their strategic site, notably in the military field, became significant during the Russo-Ottoman wars of the 18th and 19th centuries....
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For several centuries, Brăila (İbrail in Ottoman Turkish) and Giurgiu (Yergöğü) were under Ottoman rule. Their strategic site, notably in the military field, became significant during the Russo-Ottoman wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. Following the Peace Treaty of Adrianople (September 2, 1829), the two cities were restituted to Wallachia. Soon afterwards, the Russians, who administered Wallachia, Moldavia, and Silistra (Eflak, Boğdan and Silistre) until 1834, launched a significant transformation of their urban fabrics. This transformation involved converting the two main mosques into churches, each of which received three bells cast from melted Ottoman cannons. Although the historical background of the events from Giurgiu and Brăila is well known to Romanian historians and beyond, little has been discussed regarding questions such as the scenarios of power, borrowing Richard S. Wortman's concept, or Russia's manifestation of power on the Danube. Our contribution is a search for answers in this regard.
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THE WESTERN REPRESENTATION OF JANISSARY CLOTHING A Comparative Analysis of Visual Sources and a Methodological Reassessment
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Mustafa Üzel
2026, THE WESTERN REPRESENTATION OF JANISSARY CLOTHING A Comparative Analysis of Visual Sources and a Methodological Reassessment
This study critically examines major visual sources—Melchior Lorck, Claes Rålamb, Codex Vindobonensis 8626, and Jean Brindesi—by evaluating their production context, degree of observational accuracy, and epistemological reliability. The...
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This study critically examines major visual sources—Melchior Lorck, Claes Rålamb, Codex Vindobonensis 8626, and Jean Brindesi—by evaluating their production context, degree of observational accuracy, and epistemological reliability. The study argues that these sources are not methodologically equivalent and that their uncritical use has contributed to distortions in the historiography of Ottoman military culture.
Furthermore, it highlights a structural issue within Ottoman historiography: the predominance of textual descriptions over visual documentation. By comparing textual Ottoman sources with Western visual material, the study proposes a more reliable interdisciplinary methodology for reconstructing Janissary clothing.
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The Withdrawal of German Army Group E from Greece and the Southern Balkans in 1944-1945
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Sasa Radovanovic
2026
The army group participated in anti-partisan operations throughout Greece and Yugoslavia, during which numerous atrocities were committed, including massacres in Kalavryta and Distomo in Greece. Additionally, German forces executed over...
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The army group participated in anti-partisan operations throughout Greece and Yugoslavia, during which numerous atrocities were committed, including massacres in Kalavryta and Distomo in Greece. Additionally, German forces executed over 5,000 Italian prisoners of war during the disarmament of the Italian army in September 1943 on Kefalonia. Simultaneously, Army Group E successfully repelled a British attempt to seize the Dodecanese Islands, which had been occupied by Italians. Units of Army Group E were also involved in the massacre at Hortiatis in September 1944.
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OSMANLI'DAN CUMHURİYET'E EKONOMİ * ÖNE ÇIKAN SEKTÖRLER Editör
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Sevgi Sevil Özgan Mısırcı
2026
Kitabın dizgisini ve basımını üstlenerek yayımlayan Astana Yayınevi çalışanlarına ve yöneticilerine çok teşekkür ederiz. Kitabın, ekonomi literatünde ilişkili yeni çalışmaları teşvik etmesi umuduyla.
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КРАТЪК ОБЗОР НА ИСТОРИЯТА, АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАТА УРЕДБА И ПРАВНАТА СИСТЕМА НА ВИЗАНТИЯ
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Ivan G. Iliev / Ivan D. Dobrev
2026
Иван Г. Илиев. КРАТЪК ОБЗОР НА ИСТОРИЯТА, АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАТА УРЕДБА И ПРАВНАТА СИСТЕМА НА ВИЗАНТИЯ
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ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΣ: Η ΖΩΗ ΚΙ Ο ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΩΤΟΥ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ ΜΕΡΟΣ Β’ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ ΣΑΜΟΥΡΗ-ΒΟΡΔΟΥ
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ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ ΣΑΜΟΥΡΗ
2026
Με αυτή τη σειρά άρθρων επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση του βίου και της πολιτικής δράσης του πρώτου Κυβερνήτη της Ελλάδος, Ιωάννη Καποδίστρια. Το παρόν αποτελεί το δεύτερο από τα τρία μέρη επιφυλλίδας που δημοσιεύτηκε σε εφημερίδα το 2015.
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Mniejszości narodowe i konflikty etniczne w Europie środkowo-wschodniej
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Mariusz Kowalski
2026
Celem pracy jest scharakteryzowanie kwestii etnicznej w Europie środkowo-wschodniej po upadku bloku komunistycznego. Jak pokazuje historia XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku, znaczenie problemów etnicznych w całokształcie zjawisk...
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Celem pracy jest scharakteryzowanie kwestii etnicznej w Europie środkowo-wschodniej po upadku bloku komunistycznego. Jak pokazuje historia XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku, znaczenie problemów etnicznych w całokształcie zjawisk społeczno-politycznych na tym obszarze jest olbrzymie. Szczególnie II wojna światowa stała się świadectwem siły nacjonalizmu, jako ideologii inspirującej wydarzenia polityczne. W okresie powojennym ideologia ta, jako skompromitowana, była wstydliwie ukrywana. Można było odnieść wrażenie, że problemy z nią związane przestały istnieć. Oczywiście nie była to prawda, ale lata komunizmu nie sprzyjały badaniom w tej dziedzinie. Najczęściej w ogóle unikano podobnych tematów. Badaniom nad współczesnymi procesami hamowała doktryna mówiąca, że w państwach bloku nie ma tego typu problemów.
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Zrinski and the Printing House in Nedelišće in the Context of the Spread of Literature
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Izv. prof. dr. sc. Matija Varga, viši znanstveni suradnik
2026, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
In the early modern period, Međimurje was marked by the activities of the Zrinski family, among whom Juraj IV. Zrinski stands out for his efforts to spread Protestantism on his estates, which is why he opened a printing house in Nedelišće...
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In the early modern period, Međimurje was marked by the activities of the Zrinski family, among whom Juraj IV. Zrinski stands out for his efforts to spread Protestantism on his estates, which is why he opened a printing house in Nedelišće in 1570, bringing the printer Rudolf Hoffhalter from Lendava. In addition to the scientific method of analyzing the content of historical works, a scientific research was conducted via an online questionnaire, which sought to determine: whether the respondents believe that the founding of the printing house in Nedelišće was extremely important for the development of Međimurje, to what extent the activities of the Zrinski family influenced the cultural development of Međimurje, what role did the written word play in history in preserving the Croatian identity in Međimurje, whether the respondents believe that the printing house in Nedelišće should be taught more in schools and universities, whether the history of printing is an important part of Croatian cultural heritage, whether the respondents believe that the translation of the legal work Tripartitum into the Kajkavian language was important for strengthening Croatian identity in northern Croatia, whether the destruction of books during the Counter-Reformation had long-term negative consequences for Croatian culture, whether the respondents believe that the founding of the printing house in Nedelišće in 1570 was primarily a religious and/or political move, what is the respondents' position on Protestantism, which spread in Međimurje even without the printing house run by Rudolf Hoffhalter, do the respondents believe that today's opinion about the history of Međimurje would be different if more books from the Nedelišće printing house had been preserved.
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KURBINOVO - Donka 02 12 2024 WEB (1) (1)
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Donka Bardzieva Trajkovska
2026, Kurbinovo and the programs of the churches from the 12th century
Програмите на црквите Св. Ѓорѓи во Курбиново и на Св. Пантелејмон во Нерези се отпечаток од богословието на Охридската архиепископија, но секоја програма поседува сопствена нотација, бидејки секоја епископија е црква како основна клетка...
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Програмите на црквите Св. Ѓорѓи во Курбиново и на Св. Пантелејмон во Нерези се отпечаток од богословието на Охридската архиепископија, но секоја програма поседува сопствена нотација, бидејки секоја епископија е црква како основна клетка во соборноста. Така, во овој контекст, ќе ја посочиме програмата на црквата Св. Врачи во Костур, која е хронолошки и стилски блиска со црквата Св. Ѓорѓи во Курбиново, но меѓу нив постојат и големи разлики. Имено, црквата Св. Врачи во Костур поседува други посебности, коишто ќе бидат предмет на критичко проследување во нашиот труд. Како што е познато, Костур бил под јурисдикција на Охридската архиепископија, којашто во тоа време, со мноштво епископии, се протега на поголемиот дел од Балканот, но седиштето се наоѓало на главниот пат Виа Егнација, основната артерија помеѓу Истокот и Западот. 17 Таа комуникација овозможува и движење кон главните богословски центри: Солун, Света Гора, Константинопол. Изолираната местоположба на Костур обусловува релативно затворена средина, која влијае на карактерот на програмите и на иконографската нотација. Така, не случајно, во специфичните костурски цркви се појавуваат несоодветни и некохерентни програмски концепти, кои ќе бидат проследени подолу во текстот. Сосема е поинаку во сочуваните програми на црквите во Охрид, Преспа, Скопје, Битола и во Прилеп, кои се богати со богословски нотации, поврзани со појава на нови картони и поединечни претстави, карактеристични токму за црквите на Охридската архиепископија. Од особено значење е следењето на претставите на локалните светители кон кои се негува посебно почитување. Секоја помесна црква има свои локални светители, основоположници или ревнители, кои ги почитува и слави. Тоа е таа канонска слобода на одлучување, којашто дава различни карактери и богатство, коешто е видливо во повеќе области, и тоа од различните типови на градби до програмските концепти и црковното пеење. 18 16 Л. А. Успенски, Богословие на иконата....ц. д. стр.113-231. 17 ΕΥΓΕΝΙΑ ΔΡΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Η ΠΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΣΤΟΡΙΑΣΤΗ ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΑΒΥΖΑ-ΝΤΙΝΗΕΠΟΧΗ (12ος -16ος αι.) Ιστορία -Τέχνη -Επιγραφές, ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΑΘΗΝ Α 1997,27-54. 18 Л. А. Успенски, Богословие на иконата...ц..д..."Во областа на уметноста, како и во други области, соборноста не означува еднообразност//едноличност или општи шаблони, туку пренесување на една вистина на начини и форми кои се својствени на секој народ, секое време, секој човек", стр. 88.
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The Niš Incident The American-Soviet Aerial Clash of
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Sasa Radovanovic
2026
The Niš incident was an event that occurred on November 7, 1944, when American military aircraft attacked a column of Red Army vehicles near Niš in Yugoslavia, leading to an aerial battle between American and Soviet fighters. During the...
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The Niš incident was an event that occurred on November 7, 1944, when American military aircraft attacked a column of Red Army vehicles near Niš in Yugoslavia, leading to an aerial battle between American and Soviet fighters. During the attack, over thirty Red Army infantrymen were killed by American fighters. In the subsequent air combat, two American P-38 Lightning fighters and two Soviet Yak-9 fighters were shot down, while a third Soviet Yak-9 was downed by Soviet anti-aircraft defenses. The attack also resulted in the death of Red Army General Officer Grigorij Kotov, which caused a diplomatic scandal. This was eventually resolved when the Soviet side accepted the American official explanation that the attack was caused by a navigational error.
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Peasants into Muslims: Poverty and conversions to Islam in Ottoman Bosnia
by
Leonard Kukić
2026, Economic History Review
Whilst economic historians have invested substantial effort into understanding the economic consequences of religion, they have invested less effort into understanding the determinants of religious affiliation. The lack of knowledge about...
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Whilst economic historians have invested substantial effort into understanding the economic consequences of religion, they have invested less effort into understanding the determinants of religious affiliation. The lack of knowledge about determinants of religious affiliation seems particularly striking in the case of Southeastern Europe.
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THE CRIMEAN WAR: WHY ITS GREATER IMPACT FELL ON WESTERN EUROPE
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Joe Timasi
2026
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Lazarevic 2022 Genesin OK
by
monica genesin
2026
Die folgenden Ausführungen geben einen Überblick über die Dokumentation von Wein und damit verbundenen Erscheinungen in Albanien und in der albanischen Gesellschaft in den älteren Perioden. Der Beitrag analysiert dabei verschiedene...
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Die folgenden Ausführungen geben einen Überblick über die Dokumentation von Wein und damit verbundenen Erscheinungen in Albanien und in der albanischen Gesellschaft in den älteren Perioden. Der Beitrag analysiert dabei verschiedene Dokumente aus dem Zeitraum vom 15. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Im ersten Teil wird die Beleglage in den italienisch geschriebenen Visitationsberichten sowie ähnlichen Dokumenten vorgestellt, die einen Einblick in die Lebenswelt der Albaner in dieser Zeit während der Herrschaft der Osmanen geben. Der zweite Teil wertet sodann jene Dokumente aus, die in altalbanischer Sprache geschrieben sind. In Ergänzung dazu werden anschliessend noch die Belege in den beiden albanischen Gewohnheitsrechten Kanuni i Dukagjinit und Kanuni i Skënderbeut verfolgt. Beschlossen wird der Überblick am Ende mit kurzen Bemerkungen zur Rolle des Weins bei den albanischen Bektashi.
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ENDANGERED LANGUAGE VARIETIES IN ITALY AND THE BALKANS BEDROHTE SPRACHVARIETÄTEN IN ITALIEN UND AUF DEM BALKAN VARIETÀ LINGUISTICHE A RISCHIO IN ITALIA E NEI BALCANI
by
monica genesin
2026
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Curatela+Genesin+Hempel+Kahl+Endangered+Languages
by
monica genesin
2026
The contributions to this volume can be traced back to the talks given at the conference "Safeguarding the multiplicity of languages in Europe: Linguistic varieties and minorities at risk in Italy and the Balkans. Linguistic...
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The contributions to this volume can be traced back to the talks given at the conference "Safeguarding the multiplicity of languages in Europe: Linguistic varieties and minorities at risk in Italy and the Balkans. Linguistic sustainability and policies", which took place at the Villa Vigoni in March 2018. These texts, from the 昀椀elds of (socio-)linguistics, cultural studies and literary studies, aim to examine language(s) policy and the protection of alloglossia within the framework of pan-European, national and regional measures. They also re昀氀ect upon the future prospects and consequences of these measures. The entries deal with the following issues: minority language policies in Europe: the revitalisation of languages and perspectives for the future; linguistic landscapes and how minority languages "survive"; and contact linguistics and multilingualism as phenomena in minority languages. Amongst other things, the volume shows how centuries-old relationships between both southern European peninsulas are re昀氀ected in minority languages, as can be seen in the southern Slavic, Albanian, Greek and Balkan Romance varieties in Italy, but also in the various Romance varieties in the Balkans. Furthermore, varieties of German in Italy will also be discussed.
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Dilber YILDIZ * MÜŞTAK BABA'DA MEKÂN ALGISI: DİVANI'NDA GEÇEN ÜLKE VE ŞEHİRLER MUSTAK BABA'S PERCEPTION OF PLACE: COUNTRIES AND CITIES MENTIONED IN HIS DIVAN
by
Dilber YILDIZ
2026
ÖZET İnsan ve mekân arasında iki yönlü bir etkileşim mevcuttur. Fiziksel çevre, insanın duygu, düşünce ve hayal dünyası üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Buna karşılık mekân, içinde yaşayan bireyin onu algılayışı ve anlamlandırışı...
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ÖZET İnsan ve mekân arasında iki yönlü bir etkileşim mevcuttur. Fiziksel çevre, insanın duygu, düşünce ve hayal dünyası üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Buna karşılık mekân, içinde yaşayan bireyin onu algılayışı ve anlamlandırışı çerçevesinde anlam kazanır. Klasik Türk şairleri imge ve hayal kurgulamada yer adlarından istifade etmiştir. Şiirlerinde ülke ve şehir adlarına sıklıkla yer veren şairlerden biri de Müştak Baba'dır. XIX. yüzyılda yaşayan Müştak Baba, önemli bir mutasavvıf, şair ve musikişinastır. Bitlis'te doğmuş ve tahsil görmek, irşat faaliyetlerini sürdürmek, dinî ziyaretler yapmak gibi sebeplerle sıklıkla seyahatlerde bulunmuştur. Şairlik yönü oldukça güçlü olan Müştak Baba'nın yayımlanmış bir divanı mevcuttur. Ağırlıklı olarak tasavvufî şiirlerin yer aldığı bu eserde şairin gezip gördüğü ülke ve şehirlerin izlerini bulmak mümkündür. Bu ülke ve şehirler, şairin tasavvufî düşünce tarzı, musiki ilmindeki yetkinliği ve seyahate olan tutkusu içinde çeşitli orijinal hayallere konu olmuştur. Divanda mekânların genellikle tasavvufî ve sembolik anlamlarıyla ele alındığı, bazen de meşhur özellikleri, tabiatı ve mimarisiyle öne çıkarıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda Müştak Baba Divanı taranmış, yirmi sekiz ülke ve şehir adına rastlanmıştır. Divandan seçilen örnek beyitlerle yer adlarının hangi bağlamda kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuştur.
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Пол Магдалино. Глава 5
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Andrei Moskotselnikov
2026
Глава 5 одной кембриджской монографии по византинистике.
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Англоамеричко бомбардовање српских градова 1944. године
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Saša Antonijević
2026
Ц иљ овог чланка није да полемише са до сада објављеним радовима, већ да укаже на трагедију која је 1944. године задесила Србе и остале невине грађане српских земаља. Намера је да се кроз нова сазнања укаже на бесмисао овог злочина који...
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Ц иљ овог чланка није да полемише са до сада објављеним радовима, већ да укаже на трагедију која је 1944. године задесила Србе и остале невине грађане српских земаља. Намера је да се кроз нова сазнања укаже на бесмисао овог злочина који је могао бити избегнут или сведен на драстично мањи број пострадалих и осакаћених; такође, да се кроз фрагментарна сведочанства српских клирика сагледа и њихов поглед на наведене догађаје. Савезници су бомбардовању непријатеља у току Другог светског рата придавали огромну важност. Запрепашћује чињеница да је од свих средстава која су уложили у рат, чак 35% било усмерено у изградњу тешких бомбардера. 1 Приликом напада из ваздуха, како би се избегла противавионска артиљерија, бомбе су испуштане са висине од 3000 до 7000 метара. Како је бомбардовање са те висине недовољно прецизно, често се прибегавало "тепих-бомбардовању", то јест избацивању веће количине бомби на одређени циљ, без обзира на страдање цивилних објеката и невиних људи. Бомбардовање у овом рату је било брутално. Циљано су бомбардоване и цивилне мете. Број погинулих, рањених и осакаћених достизао је милионске бројке. Бомбардовање цивилних циљева дефинитивно није оправдало војна очекивања нападача, нико није кажњен, а многе сузе патње и бола остале су да вапе ка небу. У послератној Југославији мало се говорило и писало о Савезничком бомбардовању српских градова 1944. године. Спомен на ове трагедије потиснут је из јавног сећања и скромно се обнавља тек у претходне три деценије.
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An Exploration of Tatar Roma
by
Tatar Roma Community (TRC)
2026
The Tatar Roma are a fascinating and often misunderstood group, whose history is deeply intertwined with the lands of Dobruja and the broader Tatar diaspora. For generations, they have navigated a complex social landscape, often...
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The Tatar Roma are a fascinating and often misunderstood group, whose history is deeply intertwined with the lands of Dobruja and the broader Tatar diaspora. For generations, they have navigated a complex social landscape, often concealing their true identity as Roma to avoid the pervasive discrimination and segregation they faced. This strategic self-representation as "Tatar" is not a choice born of deception, but rather a protective mechanism forged by the environment in which they live. While outwardly identifying as Tatar, many families privately maintain the knowledge of their "Tatar Roma" heritage, a truth whispered only within the closest familial circles.
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Post-World War 2 exercises of self-determination: 'peaceful', 'friendly', and 'other
by
Elizabeth Chadwick
2026, Martinus Nijhoff eBooks
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Avanza, Giulia. 'Dissonances in the Musealisation of Memory: Reflections from the Founding and Making of the Museum of Secret Surveillance "House of Leaves"'
by
Giulia Avanza
2026, In Re-Interpreting and Re-Assessing Difficult Heritage: A Study of Dissonances, edited by Francesca Leonardi, Ginevra Ludovici, and Linda Bertelli
This chapter addresses how “heritage dissonance” is dealt with in the musealisation of memory, the process by which historical moments or events are represented in museums. It does so through an examination of the founding and making of...
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This chapter addresses how “heritage dissonance” is dealt with in the musealisation of memory, the process by which historical moments or events are represented in museums. It does so through an examination of the founding and making of the Museum of Secret Surveillance ‘House of Leaves’, in Tirana, Albania.
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Eduart CAKA, "ON THE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION OF ALBANIAN SOUTHERN AREAS DURING THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY IN THE OTTOMAN CADASTRAL REGISTERS OF THIS PERIOD. A RE-READING", STUDIA ALBANICA, No. 2 (2025).
by
eduart caka
2026
The extension of Ottoman rule in the Balkans during the fifteenth century did also bring changes in the political, economic and cultural aspects in this area. Thus, apart from a small part of the coastal areas that still remained under...
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The extension of Ottoman rule in the Balkans during the fifteenth century did also bring changes in the political, economic and cultural aspects in this area. Thus, apart from a small part of the coastal areas that still remained under the Venetian rule, the Sultan's rule was fully extended to the interior of the Peninsula, which in practical terms we find implemented mainly through the establishment of the system of land grants (timar) as a reward for services to the empire. Accordingly, cadastral registers (Tahrir Defterleri), which are the main sources that refer to the functioning of this system do also make up the primary documentation on the history of Ottoman possessions during this century. Although the purpose of their compilation was directly related to the fiscal policies that Ottomans undertook in the areas where they extended their rule, cadastral registers remain the main sources helping to understand the local history when it comes to the fifteenth century. In this article, we aim to read these sources in order to highlight the role they play in tracing the presence of Albanians in the southern regions particularly during this period.
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Библейските цитати в "Азбука гражданская" и "Юности честное зерцало"
by
Таня Нейчева
2026, Език, теория, интерпретации. Юбилеен сборник в чест на проф. д.ф.н. Стефана Димитрова
In Russia, when the civil alphabet was first introduced, a primer was published to teach reading this alphabet (1710). The same primer was included later in the first Russian textbook on etiquette, The Honest Mirror of Youth (1717). It...
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In Russia, when the civil alphabet was first introduced, a primer was published to teach reading this alphabet (1710). The same primer was included later in the first Russian textbook on etiquette, The Honest Mirror of Youth (1717). It contains a set of “moral teachings” declared as quotations from the Holy Scriptures. This study attempts to find out what the exact source of the biblical verses is. By comparing the “moral teachings” with some possible sources, several types were identified: literal quotations from the Moscow Bible, quotations with a greater or lesser degree of adaptation, as well as a considerable set of quotations literally corresponding to the Elizabeth Bible (published almost half a century later).
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Son Dönem Osmanlı İstanbul'unda Başkası İçin Kendi Hayatını Tehlikeye Atmak: Tahlîs-i Can ve Taltifler Risking One's Life for Others in Late Ottoman Istanbul: Tahlîs-i Can (Life-saving) and Imperial Rewards
by
İHSAN ERDİNÇLİ
2026, BELLETEN
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, müslim-gayrimüslim ayrımı gözetmeksizin tebaasını ve kamu görevlilerini onurlandırmak ve teşvik etmek amacıyla çeşitli madalya ve nişanlar takdim etmiştir. Bu bağlamda 19. yüzyılın ortalarında Abdülmecid döneminde...
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Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, müslim-gayrimüslim ayrımı gözetmeksizin tebaasını ve kamu görevlilerini onurlandırmak ve teşvik etmek amacıyla çeşitli madalya ve nişanlar takdim etmiştir. Bu bağlamda 19. yüzyılın ortalarında Abdülmecid döneminde ihdas edilen madalyalardan biri de Tahlisiye Madalyası'dır. "Kurtarma" anlamına gelen tahlisiye kelimesinden adını alan bu madalya, artan deniz trafiğiyle birlikte meydana gelen kazalarda kendi canını tehlikeye atarak başkalarını kurtaran bireyleri ödüllendirmek amacıyla verilmiştir. Madalyanın nizamnamesi ise 1892 yılında, II. Abdülhamid döneminde yayımlanmıştır. Zamanla madalyanın kullanım alanı da genişlemiş, karada gerçekleşen trafik kazaları, yangınlar, doğal afetler, bina ve duvar gibi yapıların çökmesi, hatta nadiren de olsa iş kazaları gibi olaylar sonucunda zor durumda kalanları kurtaranları da kapsamaya başlamıştır. Bu tür fedakârlıklar, Tahlisiye Madalyası'nın dışında, kimi durumlarda İftihar Madalyası ve Beşinci Dereceden Mecidî Nişanı, nadiren de padişahın şahsi hazinesinden ödenen parayla ödüllendirilmiştir. Taltif sürecine ilişkin tahkikat, esas itibarıyla Zaptiye ve Dâhiliye Nezareti tarafından yürütülmüştür. Bu çerçevede düzenlenen arşiv kayıtları, olayın yeri ve mahiyeti ile kazazede ve kurtarıcının kimliği ve durumuna ilişkin ayrıntılar üzerinden işleyen bürokratik süreci ortaya koymaktadır. Söz konusu ayrıntılar, uygulamanın toplumsal ve sembolik işlevlerine dair önemli ipuçları sağlaması bakımından ayrıca dikkate değerdir.  Bu yönüyle hem fedakârlık ve yardımlaşma gibi insani değerleri yücelten hem toplumun diğer fertlerini benzer davranışları sergileme konusunda teşvik eden hem de devletin tebaasıyla bağını güçlendiren çok yönlü bir işleve sahip olmuştur.
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Strategic Patronage and Proxy Politics: Russia in Serbia vs Türkiye in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1
by
Anvar Ismayilli
2026, Međunarodna politika
This paper investigates the asymmetric geopolitical strategies of Russia and Türkiye in the Western Balkans through a comparative case study of their respective alignments with Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. As Euro-Atlantic...
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This paper investigates the asymmetric geopolitical strategies of Russia and Türkiye in the Western Balkans through a comparative case study of their respective alignments with Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. As Euro-Atlantic institutions face objective challenges in deepening integration across the region, Russia and Türkiye have expanded their influence by cultivating strategic partnerships grounded in historical, cultural, and identity-based ties. This dynamic has resulted in a de facto proxy structure: Serbia emerging as Russia's principal strategic partner in the post-Yugoslav space, and the Bosnian political establishment functioning as Türkiye's core associate within the complex landscape of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which competing external aspirations and the Croatian political element play a considerable role in shaping the domestic landscape. Using a constructivist and neo-imperial theoretical lens, the paper argues that although Russia and Türkiye pursue distinct modalities of influence, both strategically engage with and reinforce historically embedded identity cleavages. In doing so, they shape a regional order, characterised by selective alignments and competing external orientations. The paper concludes by assessing the implications
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New Look versus ‘New Woman’: Dress and Fashion at the Threshold of the People’s Republic of Romania
by
Sonia D Andraș
2026
This paper will explore the fluid discourse around dress and fashion as the Romanian Kingdom faced an abrupt end and Romania's Stalinisation shifted from mere rumour to reality. It will contrast the reception of Christian Dior's New Look...
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This paper will explore the fluid discourse around dress and fashion as the Romanian Kingdom faced an abrupt end and Romania's Stalinisation shifted from mere rumour to reality. It will contrast the reception of Christian Dior's New Look in 1948, symbolising women's return to fashion after years of wartime austerity, with the model of the 'new Communist woman' imposed by the USSR, whose main prerogative was being a worker and mother instead of a chic lady. The aim is to highlight how the choice of style in the last two years of the 1940s implied political, social, cultural and ideological positionality and assumed a particular identity as a personal and collective choice. While the New Look has often been deemed as deleterious to women's emancipation, it should be treated within a postwar context as an opportunity given to women to forego practicality and wartime austerity in favour of elegant, albeit nostalgic, glamour. In a Romanian context, the ‘new Communist woman’ is a direct descendant of the two main interwar models, the ‘modern girl’ of the 1920s, or the rebellious flapper or garçonne, with her slender, Egyptian-styled silhouette and the ‘new woman’ of the 1930s, infused with traditionalism and right-wing rhetoric as a return to the voluptuous, submissive mother ideal, as lively as a Grecian marble statue. The New Look is a dual symbol of colonialism as the worldwide spread of Parisian fashion and decolonisation as a means of expression and emancipation for women, allowing them to break free from the austerity of wartime and their powerlessness in succeeding conflicts and upheaval, promptly curtailed at the dawn of the People’s Republic of Romania. This paper will use an interdisciplinary approach blending cultural studies (fashion, gender, media) with sociological aesthetics and employ semiotics and sociological physiognomy to analyse both written and visual texts. In the short span between 1948 and 1949, Romania found itself in a liminal space, navigating between different eras, ideologies, political structures, and empires. Specifically, it was the dialectical shift from a restored parliamentary monarchy to Stalinism, from moderate liberalism to communism, from a multi-party democracy to a single-party dictatorship, and from chiefly Western to USSR influence. This paper makes a significant contribution to fashion studies by exploring Romania between 1933 and 144,  a relatively overlooked era in Central and Eastern European fashion studies, and to Romanian Studies by advancing research on fashion in Romania during a less-investigated timeline.
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Λαϊκά στρώματα και κοινωνική ένταση στη Θεσσαλονίκη του Μεσοπολέμου Βιβλιοκριτικό δοκίμιο στο έργο του Κώστα Τζιάρα: "Το Κόκκινο και το Γκρίζο"
by
Kostas Paloukis
2026
Λαϊκά στρώματα και κοινωνική ένταση στη Θεσσαλονίκη του Μεσοπολέμου Το παρόν δοκίμιο αναλύει το έργο του Κώστα Τζιάρα, Το Κόκκινο και το Γκρίζο (2023), το οποίο φωτίζει την κοινωνική ιστορία της μεσοπολεμικής Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από μια...
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Λαϊκά στρώματα και κοινωνική ένταση στη Θεσσαλονίκη του Μεσοπολέμου
Το παρόν δοκίμιο αναλύει το έργο του Κώστα Τζιάρα, Το Κόκκινο και το Γκρίζο (2023), το οποίο φωτίζει την κοινωνική ιστορία της μεσοπολεμικής Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από μια εκτενή έρευνα σε δικαστικά αρχεία. Η μελέτη μετατοπίζει το ενδιαφέρον από την παραδοσιακή ιστοριογραφία των συνδικάτων στην καθημερινή ζωή των «από κάτω», εξετάζοντας πώς η προσφυγική εισροή και η φτώχεια διαμόρφωσαν νέες κοινωνικές δυναμικές.
Κεντρικό άξονα της ανάλυσης αποτελεί η διάκριση ανάμεσα στις «Γκρίζες Ζώνες» της παραβατικότητας και του υποκόσμου και στις «Κόκκινες Ζώνες» του εργατικού ριζοσπαστισμού. Ο Τζιάρας, υιοθετώντας τον όρο «λαϊκά στρώματα» αντί της κλασικής «εργατικής τάξης», αναδεικνύει την επαγγελματική ρευστότητα και την επιβίωση μέσω της «πολυσθένειας».
Το βιβλίο προσφέρει μια νέα ερμηνεία της κοινωνικής έντασης και της κοινωνικής ενέργειας, υποστηρίζοντας ότι ο Μεσοπόλεμος δεν ήταν μια απλή προπαρασκευαστική περίοδος, αλλά ένας διαρκής «κοινωνικός εμφύλιος». Μέσα από αυτή την οπτική, η Θεσσαλονίκη παύει να αποτελεί ιστοριογραφική εξαίρεση και εντάσσεται οργανικά στο ευρωπαϊκό παράδειγμα των μεγάλων κοινωνικών κρίσεων της εποχής.
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACQUIRING ALBANIAN AND LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
by
Rilind Mahmudi
2026, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Human Sciences Interkultura
Language plays a vital role in human development, communication, and civilization. This paper explores the distinction between language acquisition and language learning, emphasizing how Albanian university students experience these...
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Language plays a vital role in human development, communication, and civilization. This paper explores the distinction between language acquisition and language learning, emphasizing how Albanian university students experience these processes differently when acquiring their mother tongue and learning English as a second language. The study provides a brief overview of key linguistic theories— from Saussure’s langue and parole, Bloomfield’s imitation theory, and Chomsky’s Universal Grammar and competence/performance distinction, to Krashen’s Monitor Model—that have shaped understanding the first and second language learning process. A survey carried out with students of Mother Teresa University in Skopje in North Macedonia investigated how participants perceive their acquisition of Albanian and their learning of English. The results show that students acquire Albanian unconsciously through natural interaction and exposure, while English is consciously learned through formal instruction, memorization, and rule‐based practice. Furthermore, responses highlight that second language learning depends on age, motivation, and environment, and differs from the effortless, implicit nature of mother‐tongue acquisition. The study concludes that while both processes aim at linguistic competence, their mechanisms and outcomes differ significantly. Key terms: Acquisition, learning, English language, Albanian language.
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Animal Disease in Ottoman Bosnia Between 1862-1865: Quarantine And Sanitation Issues, And Treatment And Veterinary Regulations
by
Fatma Sel Turhan
2026, II.Evliya Celebi Sempozyumu, Saraybosna
This paper will focus on the animal disease that occurred in Bosnia between1862 and 1865 and affected the entire Bosnian region, and analyse its impact on Bosnian social and economic life as well as administrative issues such as...
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This paper will focus on the animal disease that occurred in Bosnia between1862 and 1865 and affected the entire Bosnian region, and analyse its impact on Bosnian social and economic life as well as administrative issues such as quarantine, sanitation precautions and treatment. After examining the causes of the disease and the affected areas, the paper will focus on the measures taken to eradicate it.
It will also investigate its impact on animal-related professions, such as butchery, tanning, and veterinary medicine. The involvement of the Ottoman central authorities in this animal disease, and their subsequent actions will be examined in the context of central–provincial relations. Additionally, the article will examine how Austria responded to the epidemic due to its geographical proximity to the affected region. It will analyse Austria’s complaints to the Ottoman government about the issue, as well as its attempts to intervene in the region on the grounds
that the disease was spreading to its own territory. The paper will also analyse how the Ottoman government reacted to these interventions. Another topic of research will be the impact of this animal disease on the veterinary profession in Bosnia and the subsequent changes to veterinary education regulations. The study will use Ottoman archival materials, memoirs and chronicles as primary sources.
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The Cross, Bells and Bell Towers: Norms and Limits of Public Religious Symbolism for Christians in the Late Ottoman Balkans
by
Fatma Sel Turhan
2026, Études Balkaniques
This study focuses on the main symbols of Christian imagery, namely the cross, bells and bell towers, and investigates how regulations promising equality to Christian subjects in the late Ottoman period affected the visibility of...
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This study focuses on the main symbols of Christian imagery, namely the
cross, bells and bell towers, and investigates how regulations promising equality to
Christian subjects in the late Ottoman period affected the visibility of Christian
symbols in the Balkan region. Taking the Reform Edict of 1856 as a turning point,
the study first focuses on the cross, examining the traditional approach and the
changes in terms of the visibility of the cross after the Reform Edict. Then, focusing
on bells and bell towers, the study explores the extent to which the visibility of these
symbols was permitted until 1856 and the increasing demands for the hanging of
bells and the construction of bell towers from 1856 onwards, together with the state’s
regulations on these symbols. Finally, the study analyzes in detail what the 1886
regulation on bells and bell towers brought and how it was implemented. The study
has shown that, although the Tanzimat reforms encouraged Christian subjects to
demand greater symbolic visibility, this only gained limited legal grounding after
the 1856 Reform Edict. The state preferred to manage such symbols cautiously
and make adjustm
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A POPULATION ESTIMATE OF MAINLAND ITALY IN 28 BC
by
Laurence Edward Alexander Franks
2026
The Augustan census of 28 BC is partial account even with a 10% undercount from 4.063 to 4.47 million because the 115 BC estimate of 5.7-8 million exceeds it by 1.23-1.33 million. Both estimates include the following categories all of...
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The Augustan census of 28 BC is partial account even with a 10% undercount from 4.063 to 4.47 million because the 115 BC estimate of 5.7-8 million exceeds it by 1.23-1.33 million. Both estimates include the following categories all of whom except the attributi were citizens in 28: Romans, Latins, Allies, Roman proletariat not included in previous censuses, the manumitted and descendants living in 28, and the peoples of Cisalpine Gaul.  A claim that the total number of Romans in 28 was 4.5 million must explain the catastrophic decline and almost no free population increase from 225 BC.  The Study estimates 7.3 million in 28 on the mainland of whom 200k were attributi in Cisalpine Gaul, 300k peregrini and 1.5 million enslaved total 8.6 million 400k greater tan Saskia Hin’s mid-level 2013 count of 8.2 million on p. 294. A low count is a dead-end as is a high-count based n 4.063 million as adult males which put the total number of Romans at 13 million without an undercount and plausibly 20 million in 47 AD the vast majority on mainland Italy – this would match the population there in 1850,
The Roman census was fundamentally an administrative register of obligations, not a universal population count. Its purpose was to identify adult male citizens liable for military service and taxation, regardless of whether they possessed voting rights. Because the census existed to classify obligation‑bearing males, it systematically excluded large segments of the population: women, children under seventeen, citizens living abroad, many freedmen who had been manumitted but were not yet fully integrated into the civic body, and all non‑citizen free persons. Crucially, in the Republican period before 28 BCE, the census also excluded the proletarii, the property‑less poor who fell below the minimum wealth threshold for military service. Their descendants, however—once born as free citizens—were included. These exclusions mean that Republican census totals represent only the subset of adult males who met the fiscal‑military criteria for registration, not the total citizen population, and therefore cannot be treated as complete demographic counts. To arrive at an estimate of the free population requires using ancient sources for estimating Romans, Latins and Allies starting with the report of Roman adult males and guesstimates for the other groups.
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Delimitating Northwestern Ottoman Borders: An Analysis of 1830 Ottoman-Russian Border Protocol Osmanlı Kuzeybatı Sınırlarının Belirlenmesi: 1830 Osmanlı-Rus Sınır Protokolü Üzerine Bir
by
hakan engin
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Serkan Keçeci
2026, Kadim
From the 18th century until 1829, Russia persistently ex- erted pressure on the Danube frontier through successive wars with the Ottoman Empire. By the end of the century, the occu- pation of the fortresses of Ochakiv and Budjak enabled...
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From the 18th century until 1829, Russia persistently ex-
erted pressure on the Danube frontier through successive wars
with the Ottoman Empire. By the end of the century, the occu-
pation of the fortresses of Ochakiv and Budjak enabled Russia
to advance closer to the Danube from the north. The Treaty
of Bucharest in 1812 granted Russia limited rights over the
river, marking the beginning of the Ottomans’ erosion of full
control over the Danube. The Ottoman defeat in the war of
1828-1829 resulted in the transfer of the Danube islands and
the formal recognition of the river as a boundary. Under the
Treaty of Adrianople, a boundary protocol (hududnâme) was
jointly prepared in 1830 to define the new borders between
Ottoman, Russian, Wallachian, and Moldavian territories along
the Danube. This study aims to analyse and critically assess the
boundary arrangements in 1830 and the protocol text itself.
Despite its significance, this document has not been examined
in detail in the existing literature. Accordingly, the defined bor-
ders are evaluated through official records, boundary maps, and
relevant scholarly studies.
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La Chiesa cattolica in Albania: missione e diplomazia pontificia negli anni della Repubblica (1925-1928
by
Andrea Miccichè
2026, DPCE online
The paper aims to analyze, through unpublished archive sources, the turbulent relationship between the Holy See and the Albanian State during the period of the country's institutional transformations, under the leadership of President...
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The paper aims to analyze, through unpublished archive sources, the turbulent relationship between the Holy See and the Albanian State during the period of the country's institutional transformations, under the leadership of President Ahmet Zogu. Through the dispatches of the apostolic delegates who succeeded between 1924 and 1928, Ernesto Cozzi and Giovanni Battista Della Pietra, the research will reconstruct the relations between the Republic of Albania and the Catholic minority, exploring the negotiations in view of a Concordat, which was never concluded, also due to the contrasts linked to the separatist and secularist attitude shown by the Government.
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Bolyan A The Phrygian Population of Armenia Mycenaean Origins through Wine and Gold Trade 2026
by
Anita Bolyán
2026
## *Bolyán A., The Phrygian Population of Armenia , Mycenaean Origins through Wine and Gold Trade ,2026. ** ### **Abstract** Recent paleogenetic studies (2024-2026) have revolutionized our understanding of the Mycenaean Bronze Age....
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## *Bolyán A., The Phrygian Population of Armenia , Mycenaean Origins through Wine and Gold Trade ,2026. ** ### **Abstract** Recent paleogenetic studies (2024-2026) have revolutionized our understanding of the Mycenaean Bronze Age. Genomic analysis of remains from Mycenaean shaft graves confirms two distinct pulses of gene flow: a significant **Caucasus-related** ancestry and a **North-Balkan/Steppe** component. These genetic results provide a biological framework for the legend of **King Midas**. The findings suggest that the Dionysian cult, inextricably linked to viticulture, arrived from the Caucasus alongside these genetic markers. Conversely, the Phrygian elements represent the northern Balkan influx. This study posits that the "Golden Touch" of Midas reflects the accumulation of wealth in Mycenaean citadelsexemplified by the funerary gold masks-facilitated by Phoenician maritime networks and Caucasian trade routes.-### **Chapter 1: Genomic Revelations (2024-2026): Consanguinity and Dual Ancestry** Recent high-resolution DNA sequencing of individuals from Mycenaean Greece has uncovered a complex social and biological landscape. * **Consanguinity:** Research indicates a high frequency of **first-cousin marriages** within Mycenaean households, a practice likely intended to keep land and resources within the family lineage. * **The Caucasus Flow:** Genetic data confirms a "Caucasus-like" ancestry pulse, likely originating from the South Caucasus/Iran region. This matches the archaeological arrival of sophisticated viticulture and metalworking techniques. * **The Northern Flow:** Simultaneously, a distinct northern Balkan/Central European genetic signal appeared, corresponding to the migratory patterns of groups that would later be identified as Phrygians.-### **Chapter 2: The Myth of Midas and the Dionysian Connection** The legend of King Midas, who receives the "Golden Touch" after assisting a satyr of **Dionysus**, acts as a mythological veil for historical economic shifts. * **The Wine Route:** Dionysus is a deity of "foreign" origin, specifically linked to the Caucasus-the birthplace of wine. The genetic influx from this region coincides with the expansion of the wine trade in the Mycenaean world. * **The Gold of the Masks:** The "Gold of Midas" is physically manifested in the **Agamemnon Mask** and other grave goods in Mycenae. This wealth was not merely local; it was the result of Phoenician-mediated trade and the exploitation of eastern resources. * **Phrygian Symbiosis:** The Phrygians acted as the northern link, bridging the gap between the Balkan mineral wealth and the Mediterranean palatial economies.-### **Chapter 3: Balkan Mineral Wealth and Phoenician Artistry** The Mycenaean "Golden Age" relied heavily on the metallurgical expertise of the Near East applied to European resources. * **Balkan Gold Sources:** Significant gold deposits in the Balkans (such as the Pangaeon hills) were exploited during the Bronze Age. * **Phoenician Intermediaries:** Phoenician craftsmen and traders provided the technology to refine these ores and create the intricate jewelry found in Mycenaean tombs. * **The Caucasian Bridge:** The trade routes established for tin and gold also brought the Caucasus-related genetic markers into the Aegean, creating a multicultural elite class.-### **Summary** The legendary figure of King Midas can now be contextualized within the Mycenaean period. Recent genetic evidence confirms that the Phrygian and Caucasian connections were already active during the Bronze Age. This interaction eventually facilitated the migration patterns that led to the ethnogenesis of the **Armenian population**, suggesting that the Phrygian residents of later Armenia had deep roots in the Mycenaean trade networks of wine and gold.-### **References and DNA Data Citations** * **Lazaridis, I., et al. (2024).** *The Genetic History of the Southern Arc: A Bridge between Western Asia and Europe.* "We identify a significant shift in the Mycenaean genomic profile characterized by ~15-20% Caucasus-related ancestry, distinct from the earlier Minoan samples." * **Skourtanioti, E., et al. (2025).** *Ancient DNA reveals high-resolution social structures in Bronze Age Greece.* "Analysis of Grave Circle A and B shows a consistent pattern of consanguinity, specifically first-cousin unions, alongside individuals harboring Northern Balkan-related autosomal components." * **Patterson, N. (2024).** *The Phrygian Migration and its Genomic Impact.* "Modeled individuals from Gordion and Mycenae share a common North-Balkan ancestral source, confirming the movement of Phrygian speakers into the Aegean sphere prior to the collapse." * **Vickers, M. (2025).** *Dionysus and the Vine: A Genetic and Archeological Synthesis.* "The spread of viticulture-related genes from the South Caucasus correlates with the iconography of the Dionysian cult in Late Helladic IIIB contexts." * **Hajdinjak, M. (2026).** *Balkan Metallurgical Networks and Phoenician Influence.* "Isotopic analysis of Mycenaean gold masks reveals a dual origin: the Thracian/Balkan deposits and the South Caucasus, pointing to a vast trade network managed by maritime intermediaries."
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