Cameroon - Wikipedia

Bosupi jo bo tswang kwa go epolweng kwa Shum Laka kwa Kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima bo bontsha gore batho ba ne ba nna kwa Cameroon dingwaga di le 30 000 tse di fetileng. ^[15][16]Baagi ba ba sa kgaotseng ba ba nang le lobaka lo loleele ke ditlhopha tse di jaaka Baka (Pygmies).^[17]Go tswa foo, go dumelwa gore batho ba Banthu ba ne ba fudugela kwa botlhaba, borwa le bogare jwa Afrika dingwaga tse di ka nnang dikete tse pedi tse di fetileng.^[18]Setso sa Sao se simolotse go dikologa Letsha la Chad, c. 500 CE, mme ya neela sebaka go Kanem le naga e e neng ya mo tlhatlhama, Bornu Empire. Go ne ga nna le magosi, mafatshe le ditlhogo tsa dikgosi kwa bophirima.^[19]

Batsamaisi ba dikepe ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba fitlha kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a mane.masome a supa le metso e mebedi (1472). Ba ne ba lemoga letlotlo la shrimp ya sepoko Lepidophthalmus turneranus mo Nokeng ya Wouri mme ba e bitsa Rio dos Camarões (Noka ya Shrimp), e e neng ya nna Cameroon ka sekgowa. ^[20]Mo makgolokgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, dikgatlhego tsa Yuropa di ne tsa dira gore go nne le kgwebisano e e tlwaelegileng le batho ba ba nnang gaufi le lotshitshi lwa lewatle, mme barongwa ba Bakeresete ba ne ba ya kwa mafatshe a a kwa teng. ^[21]

Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi,masome a robabongwe le metso e merataro(1896), Sultan Ibrahim Njoya o ne a tlhama mokwalo wa Bamum, kgotsa Shu Mom, wa puo ya Bamum.^{[22] [23]}E rutwa kwa Cameroon gompieno ke Bamum Scripts and Archives Project. ^[23]

Jeremane e ne ya simolola go nna gone kwa Cameroon ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi,masome a marataro le metso e robabobedi ( 1868) fa Komponi ya Woermann ya kwa Hamburg e ne e aga bobolokelo. E ne ya agiwa mo molomong wa Noka ya Wouri. Moragonyana, Gustav Nachtigal o ne a dira tumalano le mongwe wa dikgosi tsa lefelo leo go kopanya kgaolo eo le mmusimogolo wa Jeremane.^[24] Mmuso wa Jeremane o ne wa bolela gorelefatshe leno ke kolone ya Kamerun ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi,masome a robabobedi le metso e mene ( 1884) mme wa simolola go tlhasela lefatshe leo; Baagi ba koo ba ne ba gana. Ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Jeremane, dikomponi tsa kgwebo e ne e le ditsamaiso tsa selegae. Dithoto tseno di ne di dirisiwa go dira tiro e e patelediwang go tsamaisa dijalo tse di nang le poelo tsa dipanana, rabara, oli ya mokolane le koko. Tota le diporojeke tsa mafaratlhatlha di ne di ikaegile ka go patelediwa go bereka. Leano leno la itsholelo le ne la tshwaiwa diphoso thata ke mebuso e mengwe ya bokoloniale. ^[25]

Fa Jeremane e sena go fenngwa mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe I, Cameroon e ne ya nna karolo ya Lekgotla la Ditšhaba mme ya kgaoganngwa ka French Cameroon (French: Cameroun) le British Cameroon ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe.lesome le metso e robabongwe (1919). Fora e kopantse itsholelo ya Cameroon le ya Fora[26] mme ya tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha ka dipeeletso tsa madi le badiri ba ba nang le bokgoni, go fetola tsamaiso ya bokoloniale ya tiro e e patelediwang.^[25]

Ba-Boritane ba ne ba laola naga ya bone go tswa kwa Nigeria e e bapileng le yone. Baagi ba koo ba ne ba ngongorega ka gore seno se ne se ba dira "kolone ya kolone" e e tlhokomologilweng. Badiri ba ba fudugetseng kwa Nigeria ba ne ba thologela kwa Cameroon Borwa, ba fedisa tiro ya bokgoba gotlhelele mme ba galefisa baagi ba lefelo leo, ba ba neng ba ikutlwa ba gateletswe. ^[26]Ditlhopha tsa Lekgotla la Ditšhaba di ne tsa fetolwa go nna United Nations Trusteeships ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mane le metso e merataro ( 1946), mme kgang ya boipuso e ne ya nna kgang e e masisi kwa French Cameroon. ^[27][27]

Fora e ne ya iletsa lekoko la sepolotiki le le neng le le kgatlhanong le boipuso, Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (French: Union des Populations du Cameroun, UPC), ka di kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le boraro,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a matlhano le botlhano (1955.^[28] Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le ntwa ya dirukhutlhi e telele e e neng ya lowa ke UPC le go bolawa ga baeteledipele ba le mmalwa ba lekoko, go akaretsa Ruben Um Nyobè, Félix-Roland Moumié le Ernest Ouandie. Kwa British Cameroons, potso e ne e le gore a ba kopane le French Cameroon kgotsa ba ikgolaganye le Nigeria; Ba Brithani ba ne ba gana kgetho ya boipuso.^[29]

Ka 1kgwedi ya Ferikgong e rongwa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), French Cameroon e ne ya bona boipuso go tswa kwa Fora ka fa tlase ga Tautona Ahmadou Ahidjo jaaka Rephaboliki ya Cameroon. Repaboliki ya Federal ya Cameroon

Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e rogwa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le motso (1961), British Southern Cameroons e ne ya bona boipuso go tswa kwa United Kingdom ka go bouta ga UN General Assembly mme ya kopanngwa le Rephaboliki ya Cameroon go bopa Rephaboliki ya Federal ya Cameroon. Repaboliki eno ya puso e ne e na le dipuso tse pedi tse di kopaneng, e leng Cameroon Botlhaba le Cameroon Bophirima, nngwe le nngwe e na le lekgotla la yone la molao, puso le tonakgolo. Kgwedi ya Phalane e rogwa jaanong e ketekwa jaaka Letsatsi la Kgolagano, letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba. ^[30]Ahidjo o ne a dirisa ntwa e e neng e tsweletse le UPC go tlhoma maatla a gagwe mo boporesidenteng, a tswelela ka seno le morago ga go fedisiwa ga UPC ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a Supa le motso (1971). ^[31]

Tautona wa maloba Ahmadou Ahidjo o busitse go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi lemetso e mebedi ( 1982) Lekoko la sepolotiki la ga Ahidjo, Cameroon National Union (CNU), e ne ya nna lone lekoko la sepolotiki la semolao ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e rogwa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro( 1966), mme ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le metso e mebedi ( 1972), go ne ga dirwa referentamo go fedisa tsamaiso ya puso ya bosetšhaba go ema nokeng Rephaboliki e e Kopaneng ya Cameroon, e eteletswe pele ke Yaoundé. ^[32] Letsatsi leno jaanong ke Letsatsi la Bosetšhaba la lefatshe , letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba.^[33]Ahidjo o ne a latela pholisi ya itsholelo ya kgololesego e e rulagantsweng, a baya pele dijalo tsa kgwebo le tlhabololo ya peterolo. Mmuso o ne wa dirisa madi a oli go dira madi a bosetšhaba, go duela balemirui, le go duelela diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa tlhabololo; le fa go ntse jalo, maiteko a le mantsi a ne a retela fa Ahidjo a ne a tlhoma ditsala tse di sa tshwanelegeng go di etelela pele. ^[34]Folaga ya bosetšhaba e ne ya fetolwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le metso e metlhano ( 1975) ka dinaledi tse pedi tse di tlositsweng mme tsa emisediwa ka naledi e kgolo e e fa gare jaaka letshwao la kutlwano ya bosetšhaba.

Ahidjo o ne a rola tiro ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola bone, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le metso e mebedi ( 1982) mme a tlogelela motlhatlhami wa gagwe wa molaotheo, Paul Biya. Le fa go ntse jalo, Ahidjo o ne a nna a ntse a laola CNU mme a leka go laola naga go tswa kwa morago ga dipota go fitlha Biya le ditsala tsa gagwe ba mo pateletsa go tlogela tiro. Biya o simolotse puso ya gagwe ka go leba kwa pusong ya temokerasi, fela go retelelwa ke go menola puso go ne ga mo kgoromeletsa kwa mokgweng wa boeteledipele wa yo o neng a busa pele ga gagwe. ^[35] Ka ngwaga wa 1987, Dja Faunal Reserve, lefelo la ntlha la Cameroon la World Heritage Site, le ne la tsenngwa mo lenaaneng ke UNESCO.^[36] Mathata a ikonomi a simolotse mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980 go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990 ka ntlha ya maemo a ikonomi ya boditšhabatšhaba, komelelo, go wa ga ditlhotlhwa tsa peterolo, le dingwaga tsa bonweenwee, tsamaiso e e sa siamang, le bokgokgontshi. Cameroon e ne ya kopa thuso kwa dinageng di sele, ya fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa puso ya bo ya dira gore madirelo a e seng a puso a nne a yone. Ka go busetswa ga dipolotiki tsa makoko a mantsi ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 1990, ditlhopha tsa kgatelelo tsa pele tsa British Southern Cameroons di ne tsa kopa boipuso jo bo kwa godimo, mme Southern Cameroons National Council e ne ya buelela go kgaogana ka botlalo jaaka Rephaboliki ya Ambazonia. ^[37]Khoutu ya Badiri ya ngwaga wa 1992 ya Cameroon e naya badiri kgololesego ya go nna leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri kgotsa go se nne leloko la mokgatlho ope wa badiri. Ke tlhopho ya modiri go tsenela mokgatlho wa badiri mongwe le mongwe mo tirong ya gagwe ka gonne go na le mokgatlho wa badiri o o fetang o le mongwe mo tirong nngwe le nngwe.^[38]

Paul Biya o ntse a busa lefatshe leno go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1982 Kakgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2006, go ne ga rarabololwa dipuisano tse di malebana le kgotlhang e e malebana le kgaolo ya Bakassi. Dipuisano tseno di ne tsa akaretsa Tautona Paul Biya wa Cameroon, Tautona Olusegun Obasanjo wa Nigeria, le Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e bong Kofi Annan, mme di ne tsa felela ka gore Cameroon e laole setlhaketlhake seno se se humileng ka oli. Karolo e e kwa bokone ya kgaolo e ne ya neelwa puso ya Cameroon ka kgwedi ya Phatwe 2006, mme karolo e e setseng ya peninsula e ne ya tlogelwa go Cameroon dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, ^[39]ka ngwaga wa 2008. Phetogo ya melelwane e ne ya dira gore go nne le dikhuduego tsa kgaogano ya selegae, ka gonne Ba-Bakasia ba le bantsi ba ne ba gana go amogela puso ya Cameroon. Le fa bontsi jwa batlhabanelatumelo ba ne ba latlhela dibetsa tsa bone ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2009,^[40] bangwe ba ne ba tswelela go lwa dingwaga di le dintsi. ^[41] Ka kwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le metso e merataro 2008, Cameroon e ne ya itemogela tirisodikgoka e e maswe go gaisa mo dingwageng di le lesome le botlhano fa seteraeke sa mokgatlho wa badiri ba dipalangwa kwa Douala se ne sa gakala go nna ditshupetso tsa tirisodikgoka mo dikgaolong tsa bommasepala di le masome a mararo le bongwe.^[42][43]

Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwag wa 2014, morago ga go tsewa ga basetsana ba sekolo kwa Chibok, Tautona Paul Biya wa Cameroon le Idriss Déby wa Chad ba ne ba itsise gore ba lwa le Boko Haram, mme ba romela masole kwa molelwaneng wa Nigeria. ^[44] Boko Haram e simolotse ditlhaselo di le mmalwa mo Cameroon, e bolaya baagi ba le masome a robabobedi le bone ka tlhaselo ya kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa 2014, fela e ne ya fenngwa thata ka tlhaselo ya kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2015. Cameroon e begile gore e fentse Boko Haram ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2018.^[45]

Fa e sale go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2016, batho ba ba neng ba dira ditshupetso kwa dikgaolong tsa Bokone Bophirima le Borwa Bophirima tse bontsi jwa batho ba tsone ba buang sekgowa , ba ne ba dira letsholo la gore go tswelele go dirisiwa puo ya sekgowa kwa dikolong le kwa dikgotlatshekelong. Batho ba ne ba bolawa mme makgolokgolo a ne a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ka ntlha ya ditshupetso tseno.^[46] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, puso ya ga Biya e ne ya thibela mafelo a go tsena mo maranyaneng ka dikgwedi di le tharo. ^[47]Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, ba kgaogano ba ne ba simolola ntwa ya ntwa ya dirukhutlhi go bona boipuso jwa kgaolo ya Anglophone jaaka Federal Republic of Ambazonia. Puso e ne ya tsibogela seo ka go tlhasela masole, mme botsuolodi bo ne jwa anama go ralala dikgaolo tsa Bokonebophirima le Bokonebophirima. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2019, go lwantshana magareng ga masole a kgaogano le masole a puso go santse go tsweletse.^[48] Ka ngwaga wa 2020, ditlhaselo tsa borukhutlhi di le dintsi - tse bontsi jwa tsone di neng di dirwa go se na ope yo o neng a di dumela - le go ipusolosetsa ga puso go ne ga felela ka tshololo ya madi go ralala lefatshe . ^[49]Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2016, batho ba feta 450 000 ba tshabile kwa magaeng a bone.^[50] Kgotlhang e ne ya dira gore go nne le tlhaselo ya Boko Haram, fa sesole sa Cameroon se ne se ikgogela morago go tswa kwa bokone go itebaganya le go lwantsha ba kgaoganyo ba Ambazonia. ^[51]

Go feta batho ba le 30 000 kwa bokone jwa Cameroon ba tshabetse kwa Chad morago ga dikgotlhang tsa semorafe tsa go bona metsi magareng ga batshwaraditlhapi ba Musgum le badisa ba morafe wa Maarabia ba Ba-Choa ka Sedimonthole wa 2021.^[52][53]

Cameroon e tsewa e tletse ka bonweenwee mo maemong otlhe a puso. Ka ngwaga wa 1997, Cameroon e ne ya tlhoma diofisi tsa go lwantsha bobodu mo maphata a le masome a mabedi le borobaongwe, mme ke fela 25% e e neng ya simolola go dira,^[62] mme ka ngwaga wa 2012, Transparency International e ne ya baya Cameroon mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mane le bone mo lenaaneng la mafatshe a le lekgolo,masome a supa le borataro tse di neng di le mo maemong a bobodu go tloga go a a kwa tlase go ya go a a kwa godimo.^[63]Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le borobabobedi,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le metso e merataro, Biya o ne a simolola letsholo la go lwantsha bobodu ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya National Anti-Corruption Observatory.^[62] Go na le mafelo a le mmalwa a a nang le kgonagalo e e kwa godimo ya bobodu kwa Cameroon, sekao, lekgetho, lephata la boitekanelo jwa setšhaba le phitlhelelo ya setšhaba. ^[64] Le fa go ntse jalo, bonweenwee bo ile jwa nna maswe le go feta, go sa kgathalesege gore go na le diofisi tse di lwantshang bonweenwee, jaaka Transparency International e beile Cameroon mo maemong a bo lekgolo,masome a matlhano le bobedi mo lenaaneng la mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2018. ^[65]

Mokgatlho wa Tautina Biya wa Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) e ne e le one fela mokgatlho wa sepolotiki o o neng o le kafa molaong go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Sedimontlhole ngwaga wa 1990. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa dipolotiki tsa kgaolo di ile tsa tlhomiwa. Kganetso e kgolo ke Social Democratic Front (SDF), e e ikaegileng thata mo kgaolong ya Anglophone ya lefatshe mme e eteletswe pele ke John Fru Ndi. ^[66]

Biya le lekoko la gagwe ba ntse ba laola bothati jwa bo Tautona le Kokoano Bosetšhaba mo ditlhophong tsa bosetšhaba, tse baganetsi ba bona di sa siama. ^[37]Mekgatlho ya ditshwanelo tsa botho e bolela gore puso e gatelela kgololesego ya ditlhopha tsa kganetso ka go thibela ditshupetso, go kgoreletsa dikopano, le go tshwara baeteledipele ba kganetso le babegadikgang.^{[67] [68]}Ka go kgethega, batho ba ba buang Sekgowa ba a kgethololwa; ditshupetso gantsi di fetogela go dikgotlhang tsa tirisodikgoka le dipolao. ^[69] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, Tautona Biya o ne a tswala inthanete mo kgaolong e e buang Seesimane malatsi a le masome a robabongwe le bone, ka tlhotlhwa ya go kgoreletsa batho ba le dimilione di le tlhano, go akaretsa ba ba simololang kwa Silicon Mountain. ^[70]

Freedom House e baya Cameroon jaaka "e e seng gololosegileng" ka ga ditshwanelo tsa sepolotiki le kgololesego ya baagi. ^[71]Ditlhopho tsa bofelo tsa palamente di tshwerwe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e robabongwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi. ^[72]

Cameroon ke leloko la Commonwealth of Nations le la La Francophonie.

Pholisi ya yona ya kwa ntle e latela thata ya selegae sa yona se segolo, Fora (e nngwe ya babusi ba yona ba pele ba bokoloniale).^[73][74]Cameroon e ikaegile thata ka Fora mo tshireletsong ya yona,^[58]le fa ditshenyegelo tsa sesole di le kwa godimo fa go bapisiwa le makala a mangwe a puso.^[75]

Tautona Biya o ntse a le mo kgotlhang ya dingwagasome le puso ya Nigeria ka ga go nna le setlhaketlhake sa Bakassi se se humileng ka oli. ^[66] Cameroon le Nigeria di na le molelwane wa 1,000-mile (1,600 km) mme ba ganetsana ka bolaodi jwa Bakassi peninsula. Ka ngwaga wa 1994 Cameroon e ne ya ikuela kwa Kgotlatshekelong ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tshiamiso gore e rarabolole kgotlhang eno. Dinaga tseno tse pedi di ne tsa leka go emisa ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1996; le fa go ntse jalo, ntwa e ne ya tswelela ka dingwaga di le dintsi. Ka ngwaga wa 2002, Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya Ditšhabatšhaba e ne ya atlhola gore Tumalano ya Anglo-German ya ngwaga wa 1913 e ne e naya Cameroon taolo. Katlholo e ne ya kopa gore dinaga tse pedi di tswe mo go yone mme ya gana kopo ya Cameroon ya go duelela ditshenyegelo ka ntlha ya go nna ga yone kwa Nigeria ka lobaka lo loleele. ^[76]Ka ngwaga wa 2004, Nigeria e ne e paletswe ke go fitlhelela nako e e beilweng ya go neelana ka setlhaketlhake. Kopano e e neng e eteletswe pele ke lekgotla la Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ,ngwaga wa 2006 e ne ya thusa go fitlhelela tumelano ya gore Nigeria e tswe mo kgaolong eo mme baeteledipele ka bobedi ba ne ba saena Tumelano ya Greentree.^[77] Go gogiwa le go neelwa ga taolo go ne ga wediwa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2006.^[78]

Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi,ngwaga wa 2019, baemedi ba mafatshe a le masome a mararo le bosupa go akaretsa le Cameroon, ba ne ba saena lekwalo le le kopaneng le UNHRC go sireletsa tsela e China e tshwarang Ba-Uyghur mo kgaolong ya Xinjiang. ^[79]

Sesole sa Cameroon (French: Forces armées camerounaises, FAC) se na le sesole sa lefatshe (Armée de Terre), sesole sa lewatle sa lefatshe (Marine Nationale de la République (MNR), go akarediwa le masole a sesole sa lewatle), Sesole sa Difofane sa Cameroon (Armée de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), le Gendarmerie.

Masole a na le seabe se segolo mo go tshegetseng puso e e gatelelang ya Cameroon fa e sa le e bona boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1960. Sesole se ntse se na le seabe mo go fenyang ditsuololo, go laola ditshupetso tsa diphetogo tsa temokerasi, go lwantsha Boko Haram go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2014, le go laola motsamao wa kgaogano wa Anglophone o o simolotseng ka ngwaga wa 2017.[^[80]

Mekgatlho ya ditshwanelo tsa batho e latofatsa mapodisi le masole ka go sotla le go tlhokofatsa babelaelwa ba bosenyi, ba merafe e e kwa tlase, basodoma le balwela-ditshwanelo tsa sepolotiki.^{[67][68] [81][82]}Dipalopalo tsa United Nations di supa gore go feta batho ba le 21 000 ba tshabetse kwa dinageng tsa boagisani, fa ba le 160 000 ba sutlhetswe ka fa gare ke tirisodikgoka, ba le bantsi go begwa ba iphitlhile mo dikgweng. ^[83] Dikgolegelo di tletse ka batho ba ba sa kgoneng go bona dijo tse di lekaneng le ditirelo tsa kalafi^[81][82]mme dikgolegelo tse di tsamaisiwang ke babusi ba setso kwa bokone di na le maikarabelo a go tshwara baganetsi ba sepolotiki ka taelo ya puso.^[68] Le fa go ntse jalo, fa e sale ka ngwagasome wa ntlha wa ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi le bongwe, palo e e oketsegang ya mapodisi le majelathoko ba ne ba sekisiwa ka ntlha ya maitsholo a a sa siamang.^[81]Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa 2018, Mokomišenara wa Ditšhaba Kopano wa Ditshwanelo tsa Botho Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein o ne a supa go tshwenyega thata ka dipego tsa ditlolomolao le tshotlakako kwa dikgaolong tse di buang Seesemane tsa Bokone Bophirima le Borwa Bophirima jwa Cameroon.

Go ya ka OCHA, batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 1,7 ba tlhoka thuso ya namolo kwa dikgaolong tsa bokonebophirima le borwabophirima. OCHA gape e fopholetsa gore bonnye batho ba le 628 000 ba fudugile ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka mo dikgaolong tse pedi, fa ba ba fetang 87 000 ba tshabetse kwa Nigeria. ^[84][83]

Ditiro tsa tlhakanelo dikobo tsa batho ba bong bo bo tshwanang di thibetswe ke karolo ya 347-1 ya molao wa bosenyi ka kotlhao ya dikgwedi di le borataro go ya go dingwaga di letlhano tsa kgolegelo. ^[85]

Fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole,ngwaga wa 2020, Human Rights Watch e ne ya bolela gore setlhopha sa Islamist se se tlhometseng sa Boko Haram se okeditse ditlhaselo mme sa bolaya bobotlana baagi ba le 80 kwa ditoropong le kwa metsaneng kwa kgaolong ya Bokone jo bo Kgakala jwa Cameroon. ^[86]

Molaotheo o kgaoganya Cameroon ka dikgaolo di le 10 tse di ikemetseng ka nosi, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e laolwa ke Lekgotla la Kgaolo le le tlhophilweng. Kgaolo nngwe le nngwe e eteletswe pele ke molaodi yo o tlhophilweng ke Tautona ^[54]

Baeteledipele bano ba na le maikarabelo a go diragatsa thato ya Tautona, go bega ka maikutlo a kakaretso le maemo a dikgaolo, go tsamaisa tirelo ya setšhaba, go boloka kagiso, le go okamela ditlhogo tsa diyuniti tse dinnye tsa tsamaiso. Babusisi ba na le dithata tse dikgolo: ba ka laela gore go nne le dipolelo tsa maaka mo lefelong la bone le go bitsa sesole, mapodisi le mapodisi. ^[54] Badiredi botlhe ba puso ya selegae ke badiri ba Lephata la Puso ya Selegae, le dipuso tsa selegae di bonang bontsi jwa ditekanyetso tsa tsona go tswa mo go lona. ^[18]

Diporofense tseno di kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo di le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi (di-département). Dikomiti tseno di eteletswe pele ke badiredibagolo ba ba tlhomilweng ke Tautona (ba ba bidiwang ba-préfets). Dikarolo di kgaogantswe gape go nna dikgaolo tse di potlana (arrondissements), tse di eteletsweng pele ke batlhankedi ba ba thusang ba dikgaolo (sous-prefets). Ditereke, tse di laolwang ke ditlhogo tsa kgaolo (chefs de district), ke diyuniti tse dinnye tsa tsamaiso. ^[87]

Dikarolo tse tharo tse di kwa bokone ke Bokone jo bo Kgakala (Extrême Nord), Bokone (Nord), le Adamawa (Adamaoua). Ka fa borwa jwa tsone go na le Bogare le Botlhaba. Porofense ya Borwa (Sud) e kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea le molelwane wa yone o o kwa borwa. Kgaolo e e kwa bophirima jwa Cameroon e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tse nne tse dinnye: Kgaolo ya Littoral (Littoral) le ya South-West (Sud-Ouest) di mo lotshitshing, mme dikgaolo tsa North-West (Nord-Ouest) le West (Ouest) di mo mafelong a bojang a bophirima. ^[87]

Ditshedi tsa lefatshe la Cameroon di akaretsa dimela le diphologolo. Ke nngwe ya dikarolo tse di nang le metsi a mantsi mo Afrika mme e na le palo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo thata ya ditshedi tse di farologaneng mo Afrika.^[104][105] Kwa Cameroon sekgwa se akaretsa 43% ya lefatshe lotlhe, go lekana le 20,340,480 hectares (ha) ya sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go 22,500,000 hectares (ha) ka ngwaga wa 1990. Ka ngwaga wa 2020, dikgwa tsa tlholego tse di tsosolositsweng di ne di le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 20 279 380, mme dikgwa tse di jetsweng di ne di le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 61 100. Mo e ka nnang 15% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e ne e fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng, ka ngwaga wa 2015, 100% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e ne ya begwa fa e le ka fa tlase ga beng ba setšhaba. ^[106][107]

Go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga, Cameroon e na le mafelo a a sireleditsweng a a fetang masome a mabedi a a akaretsang diparaka tsa setšhaba, ditshingwana tsa diphologolo, mafelo a a sireleditsweng a dikgwa le mafelo a a sireleditsweng. Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a simolotse go tlhomiwa kwa kgaolong ya bokone ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya bokoloniale ka ngwaga wa 1932; mafelo a ntlha a mabedi a a neng a tlhomiwa e ne e le Mozogo Gokoro Reserve le Bénoué Reserve, e e neng ya salwa morago ke Waza Reserve ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le bone,ngwaga wa 1934. Tshireletso ya mafelo a tshireletso e ne e le diperesente di ka nna nne tsa kgaolo ya lefatshe , mme ya tlhatlogela go diperesente di le lesome le bobedi; tsamaiso e tshitshinya go akaretsa diperesente di le masome a mararo tsa kgaolo ya lefatshe. ^[108]

Diphologolo tsa naga tse di humileng di na le mefuta ya dimela e le 8 260 e e rekotilweng go akaretsa le mefuta e le lekgolo le masome a matlhano le borataro ya ditshedi tse di nnang fela mo lefelong leo, mefuta e le makgolo a mane le borobabongwe ya diamusi tse lesome le bone tsa tsone e leng tsa lefelo leo, mefuta e le makgolo a marataro le masome a robabongwe ya dinonyane tse di akaretsang mefuta e le borobabobedi ya ditshedi tse di nnang fela mo lefelong leo, mefuta e le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano ya digagabi le mefuta e le makgolo a mabedi ya di-amphibian.^{[104] [103]} Mafelo a ditshedi tseno di nnang mo go one a akaretsa kgaolo ya borwa e e akaretsang mafelo a a kwa tlase a boboatsatsi, mo lotshitshing lwa Kgogometso ya Guinea. Dikgwa tsa di-mangrove, tse di bogolo jwa diheketara di le 270 000, di mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle. Dikgwa tsa dithaba le dithaba tsa savanna di kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya naga eno. Mafelo a botlhokwa a a sireleditsweng a mefuta e ke Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Mbam Djerem, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Benoue, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Korup, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Takamanda, le Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary. ^[104] Cameroon ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la tsalo ya ditshedi tsa lewatle le tsa metsi a a foreshe jaaka di-crustacean, di-mollusk, ditlhapi le dinonyane.^[105]

GDP ya motho a le mongwe ya Cameroon (Purchasing power parity) e ne e lekanyeditswe go US$3,700 ka ngwaga wa 2017. Mmaraka o mogolo wa thomelontle o akaretsa Netherlands, France, China, Belgium, Italy, Algeria, le Malaysia.^[109]

GDP ya Cameroon e gola ka palogare ya 4% ka ngwaga. Mo pakeng ya ngwaga wa 2004 go ya go ya ngwaga wa 2008, sekoloto sa setšhaba se ne sa fokodiwa go tswa go 60% ya GDP go ya go 10% mme di-reserve tsa semmuso di ne tsa oketsega go feta US$3 billion. ^[110] Cameroon ke karolo ya Bank of Central African States (e e leng yone e nang le itsholelo e kgolo),^[111] Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC) le Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).[ 109] Madi a yone ke CFA franc.^[109]

Tlhokatiro e ne e lekanyeditswe go nna 3.38% ka 2019,^[112] mme 23.8% ya baagi ba ne ba tshela ka fa tlase ga tekanyetso ya boditšhabatšhaba ya lehuma ya US$1.90 ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2014.^[113]Fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1980, Cameroon e ntse e latela mananeo a a neng a buelelwa ke Banka ya Lefatshe le Letlole la Madi la Boditšhabatšhaba (IMF) go fokotsa lehuma, go dira gore diintaseteri e nne tsa poraefete, le go oketsa kgolo yaitsholelo.^[58]Puso e tsere dikgato go rotloetsa bojanala mo nageng. ^[114]

Go fopholediwa gore 70% ya baagi ba dira mo dipolaseng, mme temothuo e ne e le 16.7% ya GDP ka ngwaga wa 2017.^[109] Bontsi jwa temothuo bo dirwa ka selekanyo sa go itshedisa ke balemirui ba selegae ba dirisa didirisiwa tse di motlhofo. Ba rekisa dijo tse ba di lemang tse di setseng, mme ba bangwe ba nna le masimo a a farologaneng a ba ka rekisang mo go one. Mafelo a ditoropo a ikaegile thata ka temothuo ya balemirui go bona dijo. Mmu le tlelaemete ya lotshitshi lwa lewatle di dira gore go kgonege go lema dipanana, cocoa, ditlhare tsa mokolane, rabara le tee. Mo karolong e e kwa tengteng ya Plateau e e kwa Borwa jwa Cameroon, go jalwa kofi, sukiri le motsoko. Kofi ke sejalo se segolo se se ntshiwang madi kwa dithabeng tse di kwa bophirima, mme kwa bokone, maemo a tlholego a thusa dijalo tse di jaaka katune, matonkomane le reise. Go ntshiwa ga khothone ya Fairtrade go simolotse kwa Cameroon ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le metso e mene .^[115]

Dikgomo tsa kwa Netherlands le dipoo kwa motseng wa Wallya ka paka ya dipula kwa Cameroon Diruiwa di godisiwa go ralala ;efatshe.^[116] Go thaya ditlhapi go thapa batho ba le 5 000 mme go tlamela ka ditone tse di fetang 100 000 tsa dijo tsa lewatle ngwaga le ngwaga.^{[117] [118]}Bushmeat, dijo tsa motheo tsa Cameroonians tsa kwa magaeng, gompieno ke dijo tse di monate mo ditoropong tsa lefatshe. Kgwebo ya nama ya kwa sekgweng e setse e fetile go rengwa ga dikgwa jaaka matshosetsi a magolo mo diphologolong kwa Cameroon. ^[119][120]

Indaseteri e e ikaegileng ka madirelo e ne e le 26.5% ya GDP ka ngwaga wa 2017.[1] [1] Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a supa le botlhano tsa madirelo a kwa Cameroon a kwa Douala le Bonabéri. Cameroon e na le diminerale tse dintsi, mme ga di epiwe thata (bona Mining in Cameroon).^[58]Kgwebo ya peteroleamo e wetse tlase fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1986, fela se e santse e le lephata le le botlhokwa mo e leng gore go wela kwa tlase ga ditlhotlhwa go na le ditlamorago tse di maatla mo itsholelong.^[121] Dinoka le diphororo di kgoreletsa dinoka tsa kwa borwa, mme mafelo ano a naya ditshono tsa go tlhabolola madirelo a motlakase wa metsi le go tlamela bontsi jwa maatla a Cameroon. Noka ya Sanaga ke yone e e nayang motlakase kwa seteisheneng se segolo go gaisa tsotlhe sa motlakase o o fetlhiwang ka metsi, se se kwa Edéa. Maatla a mangwe a motlakase a Cameroon a tswa mo dienjineng tse di dirisang oli. Bontsi jwa lefatshe bo santse bo sena motlakase o o ikanyegang. ^[122]

Ditsela tse tharo tsa dikoloi tse di kgabaganyang Afrika di ralala Cameroon:

Gantsi go thata go tsaya loeto go ya kwa Cameroon. Ke fela 6.6% ya ditsela tse di nang le sekontiri. ^[109]Dithibelo tsa ditsela gantsi ga di na maikaelelo a mangwe fa e se fela go letla mapodisi le mapodisi go kokoanya pipamolomo go tswa go batsamai. ^[123]Bokgokgontshi jwa mo tseleng e sale kgale bo kgoreletsa dipalangwa mo melelwaneng ya botlhaba le bophirima, mme fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete ste pedi le metso e metlhano(2005), bothata bo ile jwa oketsega kwa botlhaba jaaka Central African Republic e ile ya se ka ya tlhomama.^[124]

Boemelo jwa dikepe jwa Douala

Ditirelo tsa dibese tsa ditoropo tse di tsamaisiwang ke dikhampani di le mmalwa tsa poraefete di golaganya ditoropo tsotlhe tse dikgolo. Ke yone tsela e e dirisiwang thata go feta tse dingwe tsa dipalangwa mme e latelwa ke terena ya Camrail. Ditirelo tsa seporo di tsamaya go tswa kwa Kumba kwa bophirima go ya kwa Bélabo kwa botlhaba le bokone go ya kwa Ngaoundéré. ^[125]Maemelo a difofane a boditšhabatšhaba a kwa Douala le Yaoundé, le a boraro a a agwang kwa Maroua. ^[126]Douala ke boemakepe jo bogolo jwa lewatle mo lefatsheng^[127]mme Kribi Deepwater Port e simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 2014. Kwa bokone, Noka ya Bénoué e kgona go tsamaya ka dikepe go tswa kwa Garoua go kgabaganya go ya kwa Nigeria.^[128]

Le fa kgololosego ya bobegadikgang e tokafetse fa e sale ka ngwagasome wa ntlha wa ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi le bongwe , bobegadikgang bo senyegile mme bo ikaegile ka dikgatlhego tse di kgethegileng le ditlhopha tsa sepolotiki. ^[129]Makwalodikgang gantsi a itshwaya ka boone go tila go busolosediwa ke puso.^[81] Diteišene tse dikgolo tsa radio le thelebišene di tsamaisiwa ke puso mme ditlhaeletsano tse dingwe, jaaka difouno tsa mo lefatsheng le dithelekerama, di laolwa thata ke puso.^[130] Le fa go ntse jalo, dinetweke tsa thelefouno ya selula le batlamedi ba maranyane di oketsegile thata fa e sale ka ngwagasome wa ntlha wa ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi le bongwe^[131] mme ga di a laolwa go le kalo. ^[68]

Cameroon e ne e le mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mabedi le boraro mo Global Innovation Index ka ngwaga wa 2024.^[132]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le metso e supa 2007, Cameroon e ne ya amogela batshabi le batho ba ba batlang botshabi ba ka nna 97 400. Mo go bone, ba le 49,300 ba ne ba tswa kwa Central African Republic (ba le bantsi ba ne ba lelekwa kwa bophirima ke ntwa),^[148] 41,600 ba tswa kwa Chad, le 2,900 ba tswa kwa Nigeria.^[149] Go tsewa ga baagi ba Cameroon ka dikgoka ke magodu a Central African go oketsegile fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le metso e metlhano.^[111]

Mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa 2014, diketekete tsa batshabi ba ba neng ba tshaba thubakanyo kwa Central African Republic ba ne ba goroga kwa Cameroon.^[150]

Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gane ngwaga wa 2014, AlertNet e ne ya bega jaana:

Batho ba ba ka nnang 90,000 ba tshabetse kwa Cameroon e e bapileng le yone go tloga ka December mme ba ba ka nnang dikete tse pedi ka beke, bontsi jwa bone e le basadi le bana, ba santse ba kgabaganya molelwane, go ne ga bolela jalo Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng.^[151]

"Basadi le bana ba goroga kwa Cameroon ba le mo seemong se se tshosang, morago ga dibeke, ka dinako tse dingwe dikgwedi, ba le mo tseleng, ba batla dijo", ga rialo Ertharin Cousin, motsamaisi wa World Food Programme (WFP). ^[152]

Diperesente tsa semmuso tsa batho ba ba buang Sefora le Seesimane go ya ka Tautona ya Cameroon di lekanyediwa go nna 70% le 30% ka go latelana. Sejeremane, e leng puo e e neng e buiwa ke bakoloniale ba ntlhantlha, ga se bolo go tseelwa sebaka ke Sefora le Seesemane. Cameroonian Pidgin English ke puo e e dirisiwang ke batho ba le bantsi mo mafatsheng a pele a neng di laolwa ke Boritane. ^[153] Motswako wa Seesimane, Sefora le Se-Pidgin o o bidiwang Camfranglais o ntse o tumile mo ditoropong fa e sale mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1970.^[154][155]

Go tlaleletsa mo dipuong tsa bokoloniale, go na le dipuo tse dingwe di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano tse di buiwang ke batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le masome a mabediba Cameroon^[156] go dira gore Cameroon e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a nang le dipuo tse di farologaneng mo lefatsheng.^[157]

Ka ngwaga wa 2017, go ne ga nna le ditshupetso tsa puo ke batho ba ba buang Seesimane kgatlhanong le kgatelelo e e bonwang ke batho ba ba buang Sefora. ^[158]Masole a ne a romelwa go ya go lwantsha baitshupetso mme batho ba ne ba bolawa, makgolokgolo a tshwarwa mme diketekete tsa tshaba mo lefatsheng.^[159] Se se ne sa felela ka go tlhongwa ga Rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Ambazonia, ^[160]e e neng ya fetoga go nna Tlokotsi ya Anglophone. Go fopholediwa gore ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa 2020, batho ba le 740 000 ba ne ba setse ba fudugile ka ntlha ya bothata jono. ^[161]

Cameroon e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololosego ya bodumedi le go farologana ga ditumelo. ^[81] Bodumedi jwa bontsi ke jwa Sekeresete, jo bo dirisiwang ke peditharong ya baagi, fa Boiselamo e le tumelo e nnye e e botlhokwa, e e dirisiwang ke nngwetharong. Mo godimo ga moo, batho ba le bantsi ba na le ditumelo tsa setso. Mamoseleme a fitlhelwa thata kwa bokone, fa Bakeresete bone ba fitlhelwa thata kwa dikgaolong tsa borwa le bophirima, mme badiredi ba ditumelo ka bobedi ba ka fitlhelwa go ralala lefatshe .^[162]Ditoropo tse dikgolo di na le palo e kgolo ya batho ba ditlhopha ka bobedi.^[162] Bamoseleme ba kwa Cameroon ba kgaogantswe ka Sufis, Salafis,^[163]Shias, le Bamoseleme ba e seng ba sedumedi.^[163][164]

Kereke ya Our Lady of Victories, Kereke ya Katoliki kwa Yaoundé Batho ba ba tswang kwa diporofenseng tsa Bokonebophirima le Borwa Bophirima, tse pele e neng e le karolo ya British Cameroons, ke bone ba ba nang le palo e e kwa godimo go gaisa ya Baporotesetanta. Mafelo a go buiwang Sefora kwa borwa le kwa bophirima a na le bontsi jwa Bakatoliki. ^[162] Ditlhopha tsa merafe ya kwa borwa di latela ditumelo tsa Sekeresete kgotsa tsa setso tsa Seaforika tsa go dumela mo setsheding kgotsa go kopanya dilo tseno ka bobedi. Batho ba le bantsi ba dumela mo boloing, mme puso e thibela mekgwa e e ntseng jalo. ^[165] Batho ba ba belaelwang gore ke baloi gantsi ba tlhaselwa ke digopa.^[81]Setlhopha sa Islamist jihadist Ansar al-Islam se begilwe fa se dira mo Bokone jwa Cameroon.^[166]

Kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone, morafe wa Ba-Fulani o o leng kwa godimo ke wa Bamoseleme ka botlalo, mme palo ya baagi e aroganngwa ka go lekalekana gareng ga Bamoseleme, Bakeresete, le balatedi ba ditumelo tsa setso (ba ba bidiwang Ba-Kirdi ("baheitane") ke Ba-Fulani).^[162] Setlhopha sa setso sa Bamum sa Kgaolo ya Bophirima ke Bamoseleme ka bontsi. ^[162]Ditumelo tsa setso tsa selegae di dirwa kwa mafelong a magae go ralala lefatshe mme ga se gantsi di dirwang phatlalatsa kwa ditoropong, ka ntlha ya gore ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa bodumedi tsa selegae ke tsa selegae. ^[162]

Ka ngwaga wa 2013, palogotlhe ya bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala kwa Cameroon e ne e le 71.3%. Mo gare ga bašwa ba dingwaga tse di magareng ga lesome le botlhano le masome a mabedi le bone, kelo ya go itse go bala le go kwala e ne e le 85.4% mo banneng le 76.4% mo basading. ^[167]Bana ba le bantsi ba kgona go tsena dikolo tse di tsamaisiwang ke puso tse di tlhwatlhwatlase go na le dikolo tsa poraefete le tsa sedumedi. ^[168]Tsamaiso ya thuto ke motswako wa mekgwa ya kwa Boritane le ya kwa Fora, ^[169]mme bontsi jwa thuto bo rutiwa ka Seesimane kgotsa Sefora.^[170]

Cameroon ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya bana ba ba tsenang sekolo mo Afrika. ^[170] Basetsana ba tsena sekolo ka sewelo go na le basimane ka ntlha ya mekgwa ya setso, ditiro tsa mo gae, go nyala pele ga nako, go ima le go tlhorontshiwa ka tsa tlhakanelodikobo. ^[170]Le fa palo ya baithuti ba ba tsenang dikolo e le kwa godimo kwa borwa, palo e e sa lekalekaneng ya barutabana e rometswe koo, e tlogela dikolo tsa kwa bokone di na le palo e e kwa tlase ya barutabana. ^[81]Ka ngwaga wa 2013, palo ya bana ba ba tsenang sekolo sa poraemari e ne e le 93.5%.^[167]

Go tsena sekolo kwa Cameroon le gone go amiwa ke go dirisiwa ga bana ditiro tse di bokete. Ee, United States Department of Labor Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor e begile gore 56% ya bana ba dingwaga tse tlhano go ya go lesome le bone e ne e le bana ba ba berekang le gore mo e ka nnang 53% ya bana ba dingwaga tse supa go ya go tse lesome le bone ba ne ba kopanya tiro le sekolo.^[171]Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2014, Lenane la Dithoto tse di Dirilweng ka Tiro ya Bana kgotsa Tiro e e Patelediwang le le ntshitsweng ke Bureau of International Labor Affairs le umakile Cameroon gareng ga mafatshe a a dirisitseng tiro ya bana go dira cocoa.^[172]

Boleng jwa tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo ka kakaretso bo kwa tlase.^[173]Tsholofelo ya botshelo ka nako ya go belegwa e lekanyeditswe go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2012, mme go solofetswe dingwaga di le masome a mane le borobabobedi tsa botshelo jo bo itekanetseng. ^[138] Fertility rate e santse e le kwa godimo kwa Cameroon ka palogare ya go belega ga bana ba le 4.8 ka mosadi mongwe le mongwe le palogare ya dingwaga tsa bomme tsa go belega ngwana wa ntlha di le 19.7.^[138]Kwa Cameroon, go na le ngaka e le nngwe fela mo bathong bangwe le bangwe ba le dikete tse tlhano, go ya ka WHO.^[174]Ka ngwaga wa 2014, fela 4.1% ya palogotlhe ya ditshenyegelo tsa GDP e ne ya abelwa tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo.^[175]Ka ntlha ya go fokodiwa ga madi mo tsamaisong ya tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo, go na le baitseanape ba le mmalwa. Dingaka le baoki ba ba thapisitsweng kwa Cameroon ba fudugela kwa dinageng di sele ka gonne kwa Cameroon ba duelwa madi a mannye mme tiro e ntsi. Baoki ga ba bereke le mororo go tlhokega thuso ya bone. Bangwe ba bone ba thusa ka boithaopo gore ba se ka ba latlhegelwa ke bokgoni jwa bone.^[176] Kwa ntle ga ditoropo tse dikgolo, ditlamelo gantsi di leswe ebile ga di na didirisiwa tse di lekaneng. ^[177]

Ka ngwaga wa 2012, malwetse a mararo a a bolayang thata e ne e le HIV/AIDS, malwetse a a tshwaetsang a makgwafo a a kwa tlase, le malwetse a letshololo. ^[138]Malwetse a a anameng a akaretsa letshoroma la dengue, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis, le bolwetse jwa go robala. ^[178]HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in 2016 was estimated at 3.8% for those aged 15 ⁇ 49,^[173] although a strong stigma against the disease keeps the number of reported cases artificially low.[174] Bana ba le 46,000 ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ne ba fopholediwa go tshela ka HIV ka ngwaga wa 2016. Kwa Cameroon, diperesente di le 58 tsa batho ba ba nang le HIV ba a itse gore ba na le yone, mme ke diperesente di le masome a mararo le bosupa fela tsa bone tse di alafiwang ka di-ARV. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, go ne ga swa batho ba le 29 000 ka ntlha ya AIDS mo bagolong le mo baneng. ^[179]

Go sutisa mabele, mokgwa wa setso o o tlwaelegileng kwa Cameroon, o ka ama boitekanelo jwa basetsana. ^{[180][181][182]}[^[183]Female genital mutilation (FGM), le fa gone e sa tlwaelega, e a dirwa mo bathong ba bangwe; go ya ka pego ya UNICEF ya 2013,^[184]1% ya basadi kwa Cameroon ba ile ba dirwa FGM. Se se amang gape le boitekanelo jwa basadi le basetsana, go fopholediwa gore palo ya batho ba ba dirisang dithibelapelegi e ne e le 34,4% ka ngwaga wa 2014. Baalafi ba setso ba sala e le mokgwa o mongwe o o rategang wa kalafi e e theilweng mo bosuping. ^[185]

Go ya ka Global Hunger Index (GHI) ya ngwaga wa 2024, Cameroon e mo maemong a bo masome a supa le borobabongwe momo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bosupa tse di nang le tshedimosetso e e lekaneng. GHI ya Cameroon ke 18.3, e e tsewang e le e e lekanetseng. ^[186]

Mmino le motantsho ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya meletlo ya Cameroon, meletlo, dikokoano tsa loago le go anela dikgang.^{[187] [188]}Metantsho ya setso e na le thulaganyo e e tseneletseng ya go bina mme e kgaoganya banna le basadi kgotsa e thibela go nna le seabe ga bong bo le bongwe gotlhelele.^[189] Maikaelelo a ditantshe a farologana go tswa go boitlosobodutu jo bo itshekileng go ya go boineelo jwa bodumedi. Ka tlwaelo, mmino o fetisiwa ka molomo. Mo tiragatsong e e tlwaelegileng, setlhopha sa baopedi se opela jaaka seopedi se le nosi.^[190]

Mmino o o tsamaisanang le one o ka nna bonolo jaaka go opa diatla le go itaya maoto,^[191] mme didirisiwa tsa setso di akaretsa ditleloko tse di aparwang ke batshameki, di-clapper, meropa, le meropa e e buang, diletswa, dinaka, ditlhatshana, di-scraper, diletswa tsa dinaka, diletswa tsa dinaka, le di-xylophone; go kopantswe ga tseno go farologana go ya ka morafe le kgaolo. Badiragatsi bangwe ba opela dipina tse di feletseng ba le nosi, ba na le diletswa tse di tshwanang le harepa.^{[190] [192]}

Mefuta e e tumileng ya mmino e akaretsa ambasse bey ya kwa lobopong, assiko ya Bassa, mangambeu ya Bangangte, le tsamassi ya Bamileke. ^[193]Mmino wa Nigeria o tlhotlheleditse baopedi ba Anglophone ba Cameroon, mme pina ya ga Prince Nico Mbarga ya "Sweet Mother" ke rekoto ya Afrika e e rekisiwang thata mo ditsong. ^[194]

Mefuta e mebedi e e tumileng thata ya mmino ke makossa le bikutsi. Makossa e simolotse kwa Douala mme e tswakanya mmino wa setso, highlife, soul, le mmino wa kwa Congo. Badiragatsi ba ba jaaka Manu Dibango, Francis Bebey, Moni Bilé, le Petit-Pays ba ne ba dira gore mokgwa ono o itsege mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bo ngwaga wa 1970 le bo1980. Bikutsi e simologile e le mmino wa ntwa mo bathong ba kwa Ewondo. Badiragatsi ba ba jaaka Anne-Marie Nzié ba ne ba e dira mmino o o tumileng wa go bina go simolola ka bo ngwaga wa 1940, mme baopedi ba ba jaaka Mama Ohandja le Les Têtes Brulées ba ne ba e tumisa lefatshe ka bophara ka bo1960, bo1970 le bo1980.^[195][196]

Letsatsi la boikhutso le le itsegeng thata le le amanang le go rata naga ya gaeno kwa Cameroon ke Letsatsi la Bosetšhaba, le gape le bidiwang Letsatsi la Kutlwano. Gareng ga malatsi a boikhutso a bodumedi a a itsegeng thata ke letsatsi la Assumption, le letsatsi la Ascension, le gantsi le tlang malatsi a le masome a mararo le borobabongwe morago ga Ista. Kwa diporofenseng tsa Bokone-Bophirima le Borwa-Bophirima, tse di bidiwang Ambazonia, Kgwedi ya Phalane e rogwa e tsewa e le letsatsi la boikhutso la bosetšhaba, letlha le Ambazonians ba le tsayang e le letsatsi la boipuso jwa bone go tswa kwa Cameroon. ^[197]

Dijo tsa teng di farologana go ya ka mafelo, mme dijo tsa maitseboa tse di jewang ka nako e le nngwe di tlwaelegile mo nageng yotlhe. Sejo se se tlwaelegileng se dirwa ka cocoyams, mmidi, cassava (manioc), millet, di-plantain, ditapole, raese kgotsa di-yam, tse gantsi di betliwang go nna fufu e e bopegileng jaaka bupi. Seno se jewa le sose, sopo, kgotsa sejo se se dirilweng ka merogo, matonkomane, oli ya palema, kgotsa diteng tse dingwe^[198]. Nama le tlhapi ke dijo tse di ratwang thata mme di ja madi a mantsi, gantsi nama ya koko e jewa fela ka dinako tse di kgethegileng. Dijo tsa teng gantsi di a baba; dinoko di akaretsa letswai, sauce ya pepere e khibidu, le maggi. ^{[199][200][201][202]}

Dijana tsa go apaya di tlwaelegile, mme dijo ka tlwaelo di tshwarwa ka seatla sa moja. Dijo tsa mo mosong ke senkgwe se se setseng le maungo le kofi kgotsa tee. Ka kakaretso, dijo tsa sefitlholo di dirwa ka bopi jwa korong mo dijong tse di farologaneng jaaka puff-puff (doughnuts), dipanana tsa acra tse di dirilweng ka dipanana le folouru, dikuku tsa dinawa, le tse dingwe tse dintsi. Dijo tse di motlhofo di ratiwa thata, segolobogolo kwa ditoropong tse dikgolo koo di ka rekwang kwa barekising ba mo mebileng^[199].^[203]

E re ka Cameroon e na le batho ba le bantsi e bile e na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya batho, mekgwa ya bone ya go apara le yone e farologane. Maemo a bosa, bodumedi, ditso le ditumelo tsa setso, le tlhotlheletso ya bokoloniale, bokgosi le go dirwa ga lefatshe seoposengwe ke dilo tse di amang moaparo wa segompieno wa Cameroon. Diaparo tse di botlhokwa tsa Cameroon di akaretsa Pagnes, di-sarong tse di aparwang ke basadi ba Cameroon; Chechia, tlhoro ya setso; kwa, kgetsana ya banna; le Gandura, diaparo tsa banna. ^[204]Dithuthuntshwane le dikobo di dirisiwa thata ke basadi le banna mme tiriso ya tsona e farologana go ya ka kgaolo, ka ditlamorago go tswa mo mefuteng ya BaFulani ba ba leng teng kwa bokone le mo mefuteng ya BaIgbo le BaYoruba gantsi kwa borwa le bophirima. ^[205] Imane Ayissi ke mongwe wa batlhami ba feshene ba ba itsegeng thata ba Cameroon mme o amogetse kamogelo ya boditšhabatšhaba. ^[206]

Botaki le ditiro tsa diatla tsa setso di dirwa mo nageng yotlhe ka mabaka a kgwebo, a go kgabisa le a bodumedi. Ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng ka logong le tse di betlilweng di tlwaelegile thata. ^[207] Letsopa la boleng jo bo kwa godimo la kwa dithabeng tsa bophirima le dirisediwa go dira dinkgo le dijana tsa letsopa. ^[188] Ditiro tse dingwe tsa diatla di akaretsa go loga diroto, go loga dibaga, go loga kgotlho le boronse, go betla le go penta kalaka, go loga le go loga letlalo. Mefuta ya bonno ya setso e dirisa dilo tsa mo lefelong leo mme e farologana go tloga ka matlo a nakwana a a dirilweng ka logong le matlhare a Ba-Mbororo ba ba fudugang go ya go matlo a dikhutlo di le nnè a a dirilweng ka seretse le matlhaka a batho ba ba nnang kwa borwa. Matlo a a dirilweng ka dilo tse di jaaka samente le thini a ntse a tlwaelega thata. ^[208]Botaki jwa segompieno bo rotloediwa thata ke mekgatlho e e ikemetseng ya setso (Doual'art, Africréa) le maiteko a a tsamaisiwang ke bataki (Art Wash, Atelier Viking, ArtBakery). ^[209]

Dibuka tsa Se-Cameroon di bua thata ka ditlhogo tsa kwa Yuropa le tsa Afrika. Bakwadi ba nako ya bokoloniale jaaka Louis-Marie Pouka le Sankie Maimo ba ne ba rutwa ke mekgatlho ya borongwa ya kwa Yuropa mme ba buelela go tsenngwa mo setsong sa kwa Yuropa go tlisa Cameroon mo lefatsheng la segompieno.^[210] Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, bakwadi ba ba jaaka Mongo Beti le Ferdinand Oyono ba ne ba sekaseka le go tshwaya bokoloniale diphoso mme ba gana go tshwana le batho ba bangwe.^{[211][212][213]}

Ka bonako morago ga boipuso, batlhami ba difilimi jaaka Jean-Paul Ngassa le Thérèse Sita-Bella ba ne ba sekaseka ditlhogo tse di tshwanang.^{[214] [215]}Ka dingwaga tsa bo1960, Mongo Beti, Ferdinand Léopold Oyono le bakwadi ba bangwe ba ne ba sekaseka postcolonialism, mathata a tlhabololo ya Aforika, le go busediwa ga boitshupo jwa Aforika.^[216] Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1970, batlhami ba difilimi jaaka Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa le Daniel Kamwa ba ne ba bua ka dikgotlhang magareng ga setšhaba sa setso le sa morago ga bokoloniale. Dikwalo le difilimi mo dingwageng tse di masome a mabedi tse di latelang di ne tsa tsepamisa mogopolo thata mo mererong ya Cameroon. ^[217]

Pholisi ya bosetšhaba e rotloetsa metshameko ka ditsela tsotlhe. Metshameko ya setso e akaretsa mabelo a diketswana le motshameko wa wrestling, mme makgolokgolo a a mmalwa a batabogi a tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya dikilometara di le masome a mane ya Mount Cameroon Race of Hope ngwaga le ngwaga. ^[218]Cameroon ke nngwe yamafatshe a le mmalwa a boboatsatsi a kileng tsa nna le seabe mo metshamekong ya Diolimpiki tsa Mariga.

Metshameko ya kwa Cameroon e laolwa ke kgwele ya dinao. Go na le ditlhopha di le dintsi tsa kgwele ya dinao tsa batho ba ba ratang go tshameka, tse di rulagantsweng go ya ka merafe ya bone kana tse di tshegediwang ke dikhampani tse di ba tshegetsang. Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba e ntse e le se sengwe sa ditlhopha tse di atlegileng thata mo Afrika fa e sale se supa bokgoni jwa sone mo Sejaneng sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa ngwaga wa 1982 le 1990. Cameroon e fentse dikgele di le tlhano tsa African Cup of Nations le sekgele sa gouta kwa Diolimpiking tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ( 2000). ^[219]

Cameroon e ne e le naga e e neng e tshotse Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa Basadi ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele le ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2016,^[220] Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa ngwaga wa 2020 le Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa 2021. Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa basadi se itsege jaaka "Dingwe tse di sa ineeleng", mme fela jaaka balekane ba bone ba banna, le sone se atlegile mo motshamekong wa boditšhabatšhaba, le fa gone se ise se fenye dikgele dipe tse dikgolo.

Cricket le yone e tsene mo Cameroon jaaka motshameko o o golang ka Cameroon Cricket Federation e tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya boditšhabatšhaba. ^[221]Cameroon e ntshitse batshameki ba le bantsi ba National Basketball Association go akaretsa Pascal Siakam, Joel Embiid, D. J. Strawberry, Ruben Boumtje-Boumtje, Christian Koloko, le Luc Mbah a Moute.^[222] UFC Heavyweight Champion, Francis Ngannou, o tswa kwa Cameroon.^[223]