CSP 595 Study - Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center (ERIC)

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CSP 595 Study
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CSP 595 Study
Welcome to the Service and Health Among Deployed Veterans (SHADE) Website
The study is sponsored by the
VA Office of Research and Development (ORD)
Cooperative Studies Program (CSP)
and
Military Exposures Research Program (MERP)
The primary goal of this study is to describe how deployment impacts the lung health of Veterans who served in Central Asia (Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan), Southwest Asia (Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates) and Africa (Djibouti). The results will help clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to better understand the long-term influences of military service, deployment, and environmental exposures on the health status of Veterans. The study supports the CSP mission to advance the health and care of Veterans through cooperative research studies that produce innovative and effective solutions to Veteran and national healthcare problems.
Recruitment
The study is selecting its participants from a population, or group of people, decided on by the researchers in advance. The study is not open to everyone who meets the eligibility criteria. Only those Veterans who are selected at random from those who were deployed will be invited to participate.
The study population is identified from the
U.S. Department of Defense
master personnel roster of all military personnel who deployed after October 1, 2001 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), and other military operations during the Post-9/11 Gulf War Era and have separated from active military service. Veterans who served in the U.S. Army, Marine Corps, or Air Force are eligible to participate without regard to current or past user status in the
Veterans Health Administration
. From among those Veterans who meet study eligibility, a random sample of Veterans living in the catchment area of the participating VA medical centers are selected for recruitment into the study. Again, not everyone who is eligible to participate will be asked to participate.
The study has 6 sites:
VA Atlanta Healthcare System
VA Boston Healthcare System
VA Houston Healthcare System
Minneapolis VA Health Care System
VA San Diego Healthcare System
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Additional resource:
SHADE study details from ClinicalTrials.gov
Status
3,266 participants have enrolled in SHADE as of January 31, 2025.
Publications
Thanks to the Veterans who have participated in the SHADE study, researchers are making important discoveries. These are scientific publications using study data.
Henkle BE, Gravely A, Redlich CA, et al. Blast exposure and associations with respiratory symptoms among deployed military Veterans to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Mohazzab-Hosseinian S, Redlich CA, Timmons A, et al. Civilian occupational exposures and current respiratory symptoms in Veterans previously deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Maccarone J, Redlich CA, Timmons A, et al. Sinusitis and rhinitis among US Veterans deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan after September 11, 2001.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob
. 2024;4(1):100367. doi:
10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100367
Maccarone JR, Sterns OR, Timmons A, et al. Deployment-related cigarette smoking behaviors and pulmonary function among U.S. Veterans.
Mil Med
. 2024;189(9-10):2030-2038. doi:
10.1093/milmed/usae049
Hosseini R, Blanc PD, Garshick E, et al. Characterization of non-deployment-related military occupational and environmental inhalational exposures and their association with chronic respiratory health outcomes among US Veterans (abstract).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
. 2024;209:A2881. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2881
Maccarone J, Blanc PD, Timmons A, et al. Associations between rhinitis and lower respiratory tract symptoms following deployment-related occupational and environmental exposures among US Veterans (abstract).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
. 2024;209:A3099. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3099
Garshick E, Redlich CA, Korpak A, et al. Chronic respiratory symptoms following deployment-related occupational and environmental exposures among US Veterans.
Occup Environ Med
. 2024;81(2):59-65. doi:
10.1136/oemed-2023-109146
Garshick E, Blanc PD. Military deployment-related respiratory problems: an update.
Curr Opin Pulm Med
. 2023;29(2):83-89. doi:
10.1097/MCP.0000000000000946
Falvo MJ, Sotolongo AM, Osterholzer JJ, et al. Consensus statements on deployment-related respiratory disease, inclusive of constrictive bronchiolitis: A modified Delphi study.
Chest
. 2023;163(3):599-609. doi:
10.1016/j.chest.2022.10.031
Study data is deposited into a subject registry and data repository for future research about the health of Veterans who served during the Post-9/11 Gulf War Era. These are scientific publications from our secondary studies.
Anderson E, Johnston D, Kheradmand F, et al. Association between diffusing capacity and small airway abnormalities and symptoms in deployed US military Veterans (abstract).
Am Coll Occup Environ Med
. 2025.
Leopardi C, Kheradmand F, Wendt C, et al. Asthma and small airway dysfunction in post-deployment Veterans (abstract).
Am Coll Occup Environ Med
. 2025.
Alexander T, Ndirangu D, Toczylowski R, et al. Evaluation of a structured deployment exposure questionnaire designed for epidemiological study in a Veteran cohort undergoing clinical evaluation (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Fan VS, Kheradmand F, Wendt CH, et al. Associations between the lung clearance index with pulmonary function and symptoms in post-deployment US Veterans (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Fan VS, Kheradmand F, Wendt CH, et al. Quantitative chest CT-defined structure and diffusion capacity in post-deployment US Veterans (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Marrufo A, Stewart M, Wendt CH, et al. Assessment of deployment-related particulate matter 2.5 exposure in immune and pulmonary dysfunction in Veterans (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Schmit H, Garshick E, Fan VS, et al. Modifying eligibility criteria: A protocol shift to promote inclusion for female participants in pulmonary research (abstract).
Am Thorac Soc
. 2025.
Gurijala N, Garshick E, Johnston D, et al. Associations between peripheral white blood cells and pulmonary function in US Veterans following deployment exposures (abstract).
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
. 2024;133(6):S55-S56. doi:
10.1016/j.anai.2024.08.190
Garshick E, Fan VS, Kheradmand F, et al. Quantitative chest CT-defined structure and pulmonary function among US Veterans deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq (abstract).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
. 2024;209:A6780. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6780
Fan VS, Kheradmand F, Wendt CH, et al. Association between chronic respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function following deployment to Afghanistan and Iraq among United States Veterans (abstract).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
. 2024;209:A3871. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3871
Veterans who deployed during the Post-9/11 Gulf War Era may have been exposed to high levels of particulate air pollution from numerous sources, including desert dust and sand and industrial and military combustion sources. These are scientific publications from our collaborators at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health who are quantifying deployment-related pollution exposures.
LaPiere TR, Bolduc TD, Yin X, et al. Identification of combustion sources during deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan using historical imagery (abstract).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
. 2024;209:A3093. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3093
Li J, Kang CM, Wolfson JM, et al. Estimation of fine particulate matter in an arid area from visibility based on machine learning.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
. 2022;32(6):926-931. doi:
10.1038/s41370-022-00480-3
Wang M, Franklin M, Li L. Generating fine-scale aerosol data through downscaling with an artificial neural network enhanced with transfer learning.
Atmosphere
. 2022;13(2):255. doi:
10.3390/atmos13020255
Alahmad B, Al-Hemoud A, Kang CM, et al. A two-year assessment of particulate air pollution and sources in Kuwait.
Environ Pollut
. 2021;282:117016. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117016
Li J, Garshick E, Hart JE, et al. Estimation of ambient PM
2.5
in Iraq and Kuwait from 2001 to 2018 using machine learning and remote sensing.
Environ Int
. 2021;151:106445. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106445
Li J, Garshick E, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on surface dust levels across the world during 1982-2019.
Sci Total Environ
. 2021;769:144566. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144566
Li J, Garshick E, Al-Hemoud A, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Impacts of meteorology and vegetation on surface dust concentrations in Middle Eastern countries.
Sci Total Environ
. 2020;712:136597. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136597
Achilleos S, Al-Ozairi E, Alahmad B, et al. Acute effects of air pollution on mortality: A 17-year analysis in Kuwait.
Environ Int
. 2019;126:476-483. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.072
Chudnovsky AA, Koutrakis P, Kostinski A, Proctor SP, Garshick E. Spatial and temporal variability in desert dust and anthropogenic pollution in Iraq, 1997-2010.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc
. 2017;67(1):17-26. doi:
10.1080/10962247.2016.1153528
Masri S, Garshick E, Hart J, Bouhamra W, Koutrakis P. Use of visual range measurements to predict fine particulate matter exposures in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc
. 2017;67(1):75-85. doi:
10.1080/10962247.2016.1243169
Masri S, Garshick E, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. A novel calibration approach using satellite and visibility observations to estimate fine particulate matter exposures in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc
. 2017;67(1):86-95. doi:
10.1080/10962247.2016.1230079
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