eCFR :: 36 CFR Part 1190 -- Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way

eCFR :: 36 CFR Part 1190 -- Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way
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Title 36
—Parks, Forests, and Public Property
Chapter XI
—Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
Part 1190
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Part 1190
Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way
1190.1
§ 1190.1
Accessibility Guidelines.
Appendix to Part 1190
Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way
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36 CFR Part 1190
Agency
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
Part 1190
Authority:
29 U.S.C. 792
42 U.S.C. 12204
42 U.S.C. 4151
et seq.
Source:
88 FR 53650
, Aug. 8, 2023, unless otherwise noted.
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PART 1190—ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY
Authority:
29 U.S.C. 792
42 U.S.C. 12204
42 U.S.C. 4151
et seq.
Source:
88 FR 53650
, Aug. 8, 2023, unless otherwise noted.
§ 1190.1 Accessibility Guidelines.
The accessibility guidelines for pedestrian facilities in the public right-of-way are set forth in the appendix to this part. When the guidelines are adopted, with or without additions and modifications, as accessibility standards in regulations issued by other Federal agencies implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Architectural Barriers Act, compliance with the accessibility standards is mandatory.
Appendix to Part 1190—Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way
Chapter 1: Application and Administration
R101 Purpose and Application
R101.1
Purpose.
These guidelines contain scoping and technical requirements to ensure that
pedestrian facilities
located in the
public right-of-way
(including a
public right-of-way
that forms the boundary of a site or that lies within a site bounded by a property line), are readily
accessible
to and usable by
pedestrians
with disabilities.
R101.2
Application to ADA-Covered Facilities.
These guidelines apply to
pedestrian facilities
in
public rights-of-way
to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (
42 U.S.C. 12101
et seq.
) (ADA).
R101.3
Application to ABA-Covered Facilities.
These guidelines apply to
pedestrian facilities
in
public rights-of-way
to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies under the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 (
42 U.S.C. 4151
et seq.
) (ABA).
R101.4
Effect on Existing Pedestrian Facilities.
These guidelines do not address existing
pedestrian facilities
unless the
pedestrian facilities
are altered at the discretion of a covered entity. The Department of Justice has authority over existing facilities that are subject to the requirement for program access under title II of the ADA. Any determination that this document applies to existing facilities subject to the program access requirement is solely within the discretion of the Department of Justice and is effective only to the extent required by regulations issued by the Department of Justice.
R102 Deviations From These Guidelines
R102.1
ADA-Covered Facilities and Equivalent Facilitation.
The use of alternative designs, products, or technologies that result in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability than the requirements in these guidelines shall be permitted for
pedestrian facilities
in the
public right-of-way
subject to the ADA.
R102.2
ABA-Covered Facilities and Waivers or Modifications.
Equivalent facilitation is not permitted for
pedestrian facilities
in the
public right-of-way
subject to the ABA. The ABA authorizes the Administrator of the General Services Administration, the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of the Department of Defense, and the United States Postal Service to modify or waive the accessibility standards for buildings and facilities covered by the ABA on a case-by-case basis, upon application made by the head of the department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States concerned and upon a determination that the waiver is clearly necessary. Pursuant to Section 502(b)(1) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973,
29 U.S.C. 792(b)
, the Access Board shall ensure that modifications and waivers are based on findings of fact and are not inconsistent with the ABA.
R103 Conventions
R103.1
Conventional Industry Tolerances.
All dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where requirements are stated as a range with specific minimum or maximum endpoints.
R103.2
Calculation of Percentages.
Where the required number of
elements
or facilities to be provided is determined by calculations of ratios or percentages and remainders or fractions result, the next greater whole number of such
elements
or facilities shall be provided.
R103.3
Units of Measurement.
Measurements are stated in U.S. customary units and metric units. The values stated in each system (U.S. customary units and metric units) may not be exact equivalents, and each system shall be used independently of the other. Slopes are expressed in terms of both ratios and percentages. Ratios and percentages may not be exact equivalents, and each shall be used independently of the other.
R104 Definitions
R104.1
Undefined Terms.
Terms that are not defined in R104.3 or in regulations issued by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation under the ADA, the four standard setting agencies under the ABA or other Federal agencies that adopt these guidelines as accessibility standards shall be given their ordinarily accepted meaning in the sense that the context implies.
R104.2
Interchangeability.
Words, terms, and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.
R104.3
Defined Terms.
For the purpose of these guidelines, the following terms have the indicated meaning:
Accessible.
pedestrian facility
or
element
in the
public right-of-way
that complies with these guidelines.
Accessible Pedestrian Signal.
A device that communicates information about
pedestrian
signal timing in non-visual formats such as audible tones or speech messages, and vibrating surfaces.
Alteration or altered.
A change to or an addition of a
pedestrian facility
in an existing,
developed public right-of-way
that affects or could affect
pedestrian
access, circulation, or usability.
Blended Transition.
A wraparound connection at a corner, or a flush connection where there is no
curb
to cut through, other than a
curb ramp.
Block Perimeter.
The near side of the
streets
surrounding a block. For example, on a square block bounded by Main Street to the south, Pine Street to the north, 1st Street to the east, and 2nd Street to the west, the
block perimeter
includes the north side of Main Street, the south side of Pine Street, the west side of 1st Street, and the east side of 2nd Street.
Boarding Platform.
A platform raised above
standard curb height
used for transit vehicle boarding and alighting.
Building.
Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Crosswalk.
That part of a
roadway
that is located at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the
pedestrian circulation paths
on opposite sides of the
highway
measured from the
curbs,
or in the absence of
curbs,
from the edges of the traversable
roadway,
and in the absence of a
pedestrian circulation path
on one side of the
roadway,
the part of a
roadway
included within the extension of the lateral lines of the
pedestrian circulation path
at right angles to the center line; or at any portion of a
roadway
at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated as a
pedestrian
crossing by pavement marking lines on the surface.
Crosswalks
at intersections may be marked or unmarked.
Cross Slope.
The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of
pedestrian
travel.
Curb.
A raised feature along the side of a
street
that delineates the edge of the
roadway
or
pedestrian circulation path.
Curb Line.
A line at the face of the
curb
that marks the transition between the
curb
and the gutter or
street.
Curb Ramp.
A sloped connection that is cut through or built up to a
curb. Curb ramps
may be perpendicular or parallel to the
curb
or to the
street
they serve or be a combination thereof.
Detectable Warning Surface.
A standardized surface feature built in or applied to
pedestrian circulation paths
and other
pedestrian facilities
to warn of hazards.
Developed.
Containing
buildings, pedestrian facilities, roadways,
utilities, or
elements.
Element.
An architectural or mechanical component of a
building, pedestrian facility,
space, site, or
public right-of-way.
Grade.
See
Running slope.
Grade Break.
The line where two surface planes with different
running slopes
meet.
Highway.
A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the
public right-of-way.
Median.
The area between two
roadways
of a divided
highway
measured from edge of
traveled way
to edge of
traveled way.
The
median
excludes turn lanes. The
median
width might be different between intersections, interchanges, and at opposite approaches of the same intersection.
Operable Part.
A component of an
element
used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or adjust the
element,
or to interact with the
element.
Parallel Curb Ramp.
curb ramp
with a
running slope
that is parallel to the
curb
or
street
it serves.
Passenger Loading Zone.
An area that is specifically designed or designated for loading and unloading passengers, but that does not primarily serve vehicles on a fixed or scheduled route.
Pedestrian.
A person on foot, travelling by wheelchair or other mobility device, on skates, or on a skateboard.
Pedestrian Access Route.
An
accessible,
continuous, and unobstructed path of travel for use by
pedestrians
with disabilities within a
pedestrian circulation path.
Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices.
Devices that are installed in conjunction with a warning sign and are activated to alert vehicle operators to the presence of a
pedestrian,
such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons.
Pedestrian Change Interval.
An interval during which the flashing upraised hand (symbolizing “don't walk”) signal indication is displayed.
Pedestrian Circulation Path.
A prepared exterior or interior surface provided for
pedestrian
use in the
public right-of-way.
Pedestrian Facility.
A structure, route, or space for
pedestrian
circulation or use located in the
public right-of-way.
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon.
A special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist
pedestrians
in crossing a
street
at a marked
crosswalk.
Pedestrian Refuge Island.
A defined area 72 inches (1828 mm) long minimum in the direction of
pedestrian
travel located between traffic lanes for
pedestrian
refuge within a
median, splitter island,
or channelizing island.
Pedestrian Signal Head.
A device containing the walking person symbol (symbolizing “walk”) and the upraised hand symbol (symbolizing “don't walk”), that is installed to direct
pedestrian
traffic at a
crosswalk.
Perpendicular Curb Ramp.
curb ramp
with a
running slope
that is perpendicular to the
curb
or the
street
it serves.
Public Right-of-Way.
Public land acquired for or dedicated to transportation purposes, or other land where there is a legally established right for use by the public for transportation purposes.
Push Button.
A button to activate a device or signal timing for
pedestrians,
bicyclists, or others crossing a
roadway.
Push Button Locator Tone.
A repeating sound that informs approaching
pedestrians
that a
push button
exists to actuate
pedestrian
timing or receive additional information and that enables
pedestrians
who are blind or have low vision to locate the
push button.
Qualified Historic Building or Facility.
building
or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.
Ramp.
A sloped walking surface with a
running slope
steeper than 1:20 (5.0%) that accomplishes a change in level and is not part of a
pedestrian circulation path
that follows the
roadway grade.
curb ramp
is not a
ramp.
Roadway.
That portion of a
highway
improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the
sidewalk,
berm, or shoulder.
Roundabout.
A circular intersection with yield control at entry, which permits a vehicle on a circular
roadway
to proceed, and with deflection of the approaching vehicle counterclockwise around a central island.
Running Slope.
The slope that is parallel to the direction of
pedestrian
travel.
Shared Use Path.
A multi-use path designed primarily for use by bicyclists,
pedestrians,
and other authorized motorized and non-motorized users, for transportation purposes, and that may also be used for recreation.
Shared use paths
are physically separated from motor vehicle traffic by an open space or barrier and are either within the
highway
or other
public right-of-way.
Sidewalk.
That portion of a
highway
between the
curb line,
or the lateral line of a
roadway,
and the adjacent property line, or on easements of private property, that is paved or improved and intended for use by
pedestrians.
Splitter Island.
median
island used to separate opposing directions of traffic entering and exiting a
roundabout.
Stair.
A change in elevation comprised of at least one tread and riser. A
curb
is not a
stair.
Standard Curb Height.
The typical height of a
curb
according to local standards for a given road type, but usually between 3 inches (75 mm) and 9 inches (230 mm) high relative to the surface of the
roadway
or gutter.
Street.
See
Roadway.
Transit Shelter.
A structure provided at a
transit stop
to provide passengers protection from the weather.
Transit Stop.
An area that is designated for passengers to board or alight from buses, rail cars, and other transportation vehicles that operate on a fixed route or scheduled route, including bus stops and
boarding platforms
. This definition does not include intercity rail except where a stop is located in the
public right-of-way.
Transitional Segment.
The portion of a
pedestrian circulation path
that connects adjacent surfaces with different slopes or dimensions to provide a smooth transition.
Traveled Way.
The portion of the
roadway
for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of the shoulder, berm,
sidewalk,
and parking lane.
Vibrotactile.
A method of communicating information by touch using a vibrating surface.
Walk Interval.
An interval during which the walking person (symbolizing “walk”) signal indication is displayed.
Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements
R201 General
R201.1
Scope.
All newly constructed
pedestrian facilities
and
altered
portions of existing
pedestrian facilities
for
pedestrian
circulation and use located in the
public right-of-way
shall comply with these guidelines.
Exception: Pedestrian facilities
within vaults, tunnels, and other spaces used only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or monitoring of equipment are not required to comply with these guidelines.
R201.2
Temporary and Permanent Pedestrian Facilities.
The requirements in these guidelines shall apply to temporary and permanent
pedestrian facilities
and
elements
in the
public right-of-way.
Where a
pedestrian circulation path
or
transit stop
is temporarily closed by construction, maintenance operations, or similar conditions, an alternate
pedestrian access route or transit stop
shall be provided in accordance with R204.
R201.3
Buildings, Structures, and Elements. Buildings,
structures, and
elements
in the
public right-of-way
that are not covered by the requirements in these guidelines shall comply with the applicable requirements in
36 CFR part 1191
(ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines). Examples include, but are not limited to,
buildings,
structures, and
elements
at safety rest areas or park and ride lots, temporary performance stages and reviewing stands.
R202 Alterations
R202.1
General. Alterations
to
pedestrian facilities
shall comply with R202.
R202.2
Connection to Pedestrian Circulation Path.
Where
pedestrian facilities
are
altered,
they shall be connected by a
pedestrian access route
complying with R302 to an existing
pedestrian circulation path.
transitional segment
may be used in the connection.
R202.3
Existing Physical Constraints.
In
alterations,
where existing physical constraints make compliance with applicable requirements technically infeasible, compliance with these requirements is required to the maximum extent feasible. Existing physical constraints include, but are not limited to, underlying terrain, underground structures, adjacent
developed
facilities, drainage, or the presence of a significant natural or historic feature.
R202.4
Reduction in Access Prohibited.
An
alteration
to
pedestrian facilities
or
elements
shall not decrease the accessibility of an existing
pedestrian facility
or
element
or an
accessible
connection to an adjacent
building
or site below the requirements in these guidelines.
R202.5
Alterations to Qualified Historic Facilities.
Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation determines that compliance with an applicable requirement of these guidelines would threaten or destroy the historic significance of a
qualified historic building or facility,
compliance with that requirement is required to the maximum extent feasible without threatening or destroying the historic significance of the
qualified historic building or facility.
R203 Pedestrian Access Routes
R203.1
General.
Where provided, the
pedestrian facilities
addressed in R203 shall contain or connect a
pedestrian access route,
and shall comply with these guidelines.
R203.2
Connection to Accessible Facilities. Pedestrian access routes
shall connect
accessible elements,
spaces, and
pedestrian facilities
in accordance with R203.2.
R203.2.1
Connection to Accessible Facilities subject to the ADA. Pedestrian access routes
subject to the ADA shall connect
accessible elements,
spaces, and
pedestrian facilities
required to be
accessible
and connect to
accessible
routes required by section 206.2.1 of appendix B to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines) that connect
building
and facility entrances to public
streets
and
sidewalks.
Exception:
Where
elements
are
altered,
on or adjacent to an existing
pedestrian circulation path,
the existing
pedestrian circulation path
need not be
altered
to provide a
pedestrian access route
complying with R202.2.
R203.2.2
Connection to Accessible Facilities subject to the ABA. Pedestrian access routes
subject to the ABA shall connect
accessible elements,
spaces, and
pedestrian facilities
required to be
accessible
and connect to
accessible
routes required by section F206.2.1 of appendix C to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines) that connect
building
and facility entrances to public
streets
and
sidewalks.
Exception:
Where
elements
are
altered,
on or adjacent to an existing
pedestrian circulation path,
the existing
pedestrian circulation path
need not be
altered
to provide a
pedestrian access route
complying with R202.2.
R203.3
Pedestrian Circulation Paths. Pedestrian access routes
complying with R302 shall be provided within
pedestrian circulation paths,
including
sidewalks
and
shared use paths. Transitional segments
may be used to connect new or
altered pedestrian access routes
to existing
pedestrian circulation paths,
and the differences between adjacent surface characteristics shall be minimized to provide a smooth transition.
R203.4
Crosswalks.
pedestrian access route
complying with R302 shall be provided within and for the full length of a
crosswalk,
including
medians
and
pedestrian refuge islands. Crosswalks
shall comply with R306.
R203.5
Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossing.
Where a
pedestrian circulation path
crosses at-grade rail tracks, a
pedestrian access route
complying with R302 shall be included within the
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossing.
Pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings shall comply with R306.
R203.6
Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions.
curb ramp, blended transition,
or a combination of
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s shall be provided in accordance with R203.6 and shall comply with R304.
R203.6.1
Placement.
Placement of
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s shall comply with R203.6.1.
R203.6.1.1
Crosswalks at an Intersection.
At an intersection corner, one
curb ramp
or
blended transition
shall be provided for each
crosswalk,
or a single
blended transition
that spans all
crosswalks
at the intersection corner may be provided. Where
pedestrian
crossing is prohibited,
curb ramps
or
blended transitions
shall not be provided, and the
pedestrian circulation path
shall be either (a) separated from the
roadway
with landscaping or other non-prepared surface or (b) separated from the
roadway
by a detectable vertical edge treatment with a bottom edge 15 inches maximum above the
pedestrian circulation path.
Exception:
In
alterations,
where existing physical constraints make compliance with R203.6.1.1 technically infeasible, a single
curb ramp
complying with R304 shall be permitted at the apex of the intersection corner.
R203.6.1.2
Mid-Block and Roundabout Crosswalks.
At a mid-block or
roundabout crosswalk, curb ramps
or
blended transitions
shall be provided on both ends of the
crosswalk.
Where
pedestrian
crossing is not intended,
curb ramps
or
blended transitions
shall not be provided, and the
pedestrian circulation path
shall be either (a) separated from the
roadway
with landscaping or other non-prepared surface or (b) separated from the
roadway
by a detectable vertical edge treatment with a bottom edge 15 inches maximum above the
pedestrian circulation path.
R203.6.1.3
Parallel On-Street Parking.
At parallel on-street parking spaces complying with the dimensions specified in R310.2.1, a
curb ramp
or
blended transition
shall be provided at either end of the parking space if needed to connect the parking space to a
pedestrian access route.
R203.6.1.4
Perpendicular and Angled On-Street Parking and Passenger Loading Zones.
At perpendicular and angled on-street parking spaces, and at
passenger loading zones,
curb ramp
or
blended transition
shall be provided if needed to connect the access aisle to a
pedestrian access route.
R203.6.2
Alterations to Crosswalks.
When
alterations
are made to
crosswalks, curb ramps
or
blended transition
s shall be provided on both ends of the
crosswalk
where the
pedestrian access route
crosses a
curb.
R203.7
Pedestrian Overpasses and Underpasses. Pedestrian
overpasses and underpasses shall contain a
pedestrian access route
complying with R302. Where an overpass, underpass, bridge, or similar structure is designed for
pedestrian
use only, or pedestrian and bicycle use only, and the approach slope to the structure exceeds 1:20 (5.0%), a
ramp
complying with R407, or an elevator or limited use/limited application elevator complying with sections 407 or 408 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines), shall be provided. Elevators and limited use/limited application elevators shall be unlocked and independently usable during the operating hours of the
pedestrian facility
served.
Exception:
In
alterations,
where existing physical constraints make compliance with R203.7 technically infeasible, a platform lift complying with section 410 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines) shall be permitted.
R203.8
Ramps.
Where provided,
ramps
shall comply with R407.
R203.9.
Elevators and Limited Use/Limited Application Elevators.
Where provided, elevators and limited use/limited application elevators shall comply with sections 407 or 408 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R203.10
Platform Lifts.
In
alterations,
where the use of elevators or limited use elevators is not technically feasible, platform lifts may be used and shall comply with section 410 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R203.11
Doors, Doorways, and Gates.
Doors, doorways, and gates that are part of a
pedestrian access route
shall comply with section 404 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R204 Alternate Pedestrian Access Routes, Transit Stops, and Passenger Loading Zones
R204.1
Alternate Pedestrian Access Route.
When a
pedestrian circulation path
is temporarily not
accessible
due to construction, maintenance operations, closure, or other similar conditions, an alternate
pedestrian access route
must be provided and comply with R303 and R402.
Exception:
If establishing or maintaining an alternate
pedestrian access route
is technically infeasible due to site conditions or existing physical constraints, an alternate means of providing access for
pedestrians
with disabilities shall be permitted.
R204.2
Alternate Transit Stops.
Where
accessible transit stops
are temporarily not
accessible
due to construction, maintenance operations, or other similar conditions, alternate
transit stops
complying with R309 shall be provided.
R204.3
Alternate Passenger Loading Zones.
Where a permanently designated
passenger loading zone
is temporarily not
accessible
due to construction, maintenance operations, or other similar conditions, and a temporary
passenger loading zone
is provided, it must comply with R311.
R205 Detectable Warning Surfaces
R205.1
General. Detectable warning surfaces
shall be provided in accordance with R205.
R205.2
Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions. Curb ramps
shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R205.2.1.
Blended transition
s shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R205.2.2.
Exception: Detectable warning surfaces
are not required on
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s used exclusively to connect
passenger loading zones, accessible
parallel on-street parking spaces, and access aisles for perpendicular and angled parking spaces to
pedestrian access routes.
R205.2.1
Curb Ramps. Curb ramps
located at
crosswalks
shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and either R305.2.1 or R305.2.2.
R205.2.2
Blended Transitions. Blended transition
s located at
crosswalks
shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and R305.2.3.
R205.3
Pedestrian Refuge Islands.
Cut-through
pedestrian refuge islands
shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and R305.2.4.
R205.4
Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings. Pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings not located within a
street
shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and R305.2.5.
Pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings located within a
street
at a
crosswalk
shall not have
detectable warning surfaces
adjacent to the railway.
R205.5
Boarding Platforms. Boarding platform
s at
transit stops
that are not protected by screens or guards along the sides of the boarding and alighting areas facing the transit vehicles shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and R305.2.6.
R205.6
Sidewalk and Street-Level Rail Boarding and Alighting Areas.
Boarding and alighting areas at
sidewalk
or
street
-level
transit stops
for rail vehicles that are not protected by screens or guards along the side of the boarding and alighting areas facing the rail vehicles shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.1 and R305.2.7.
R205.7
Driveways. Pedestrian circulation paths
at driveways controlled with yield or stop control devices or traffic signals shall have
detectable warning surfaces
complying with R305.2.8.
R206 Pedestrian Signal Heads and Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices
R206.1
General.
Where provided,
pedestrian signal heads
and
pedestrian activated warning devices
shall comply with R206. The
accessible
features required by these guidelines shall be available at all times.
R206.2
Traffic Control Signals and Hybrid Beacons with Pedestrian Signal Heads.
Where
pedestrian signal heads
are provided at
crosswalks,
the walk indication shall comply with R308.
Pedestrian signal heads
must have a
pedestrian push button
complying with R307, except for R307.7, or passive detection or pretimed operation that activates audible and
vibrotactile
indications complying with R308.
R206.3
Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices. Pedestrian activated warning devices
shall have
pedestrian push buttons
complying with R307, except for R307.2 and R307.6, or passive detection that operates audible indications complying with R307.7.
R207 Protruding Objects and Vertical Clearance
R207.1
General.
Protruding objects and vertical clearance along any portion of a
pedestrian circulation path
shall comply with R402.
R208 Pedestrian Signs
R208.1
General.
Where provided, signs intended solely for
pedestrians,
including transit signs, and all signs serving
shared use paths,
shall comply with R410.
Exceptions:
1. Transit schedules, timetables, and maps are not required to comply with R410.
2. Signs mounted immediately above or incorporated into a
push button
detector unit are not required to comply with R410.
R209 Street Furniture
R209.1
General.
Where provided, street furniture shall comply with the applicable requirements in R209.
R209.2
Drinking Fountains.
Drinking fountains shall comply with sections 602.1 through 602.6 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R209.3
Public Street Toilets.
Public street toilets shall be provided in accordance with R209.3.
R209.3.1
Permanent Public Street Toilets.
Permanent public street toilets shall comply with sections 603 through 610 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R209.3.2
Portable Toilet Units.
Portable toilet units shall comply with section 603 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines). Where multiple single user portable toilet units are clustered at a single location, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one of each type of the toilet units at each cluster shall be required to comply with 603 Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines). Portable toilet units complying with section 603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with R411.
R209.4
Tables.
At least 5 percent of tables at each group of adjacent tables, but no fewer than one, shall comply with section 902 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R209.5
Sales or Service Counters.
Sales or service counters shall comply with section 904.4 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
Exception 1:
Sales or service counters that are located in a
building
subject to the ADA that is not itself in the
public right-of-way
but that directly serve the
public right-of-way,
such as at a service window accessed from the
sidewalk,
may comply with section 227.3 of Appendix B to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
Exception 2:
Sales or service counters that are located in a
building
subject to the ABA that is not itself in the
public right-of-way
but that directly serve the
public right-of-way,
such as at a service window accessed from the
sidewalk,
may comply with section F227.3 of Appendix C to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
R209.6
Benches.
Benches, other than those that are part of tables complying with R209.4, shall comply with R209.6.
R209.6.1
Benches at Transit Stops and Shelters.
Benches provided at
transit stops
shall have clear space complying with R404 next to either end of the bench, or if the bench has no end, such as a circular bench, the clear space shall either be integral to the bench or no more than 18 inches (455 mm) from the front of the bench. Benches provided within
transit shelters
shall have clear space complying with R309.2.2.
R209.6.2
Benches Not at Transit Stops and Shelters.
At least 50 percent, but no less than one, of benches at each group of adjacent benches shall provide clear space complying with R404. The clear space shall be located next to either end of the bench, or if the bench has no end, such as a circular bench, the clear space shall either be integral to the bench or no more than 18 inches (455 mm) from the front of the bench.
R209.7
Operable Parts of Other Fixed Elements. Operable parts
of other fixed
elements
to be used by
pedestrians
shall comply with R403.
R210 Transit Stops and Transit Shelters
R210.1
General.
Where provided,
transit stops
and
transit shelters
shall comply with R309.
R210.2
Fare Vending Machines.
Where provided at
transit stops
and
transit shelters,
fare vending machines shall comply with R403 and section 707 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines), except for 707.2 and 707.3.
R210.3.
Operable Parts of Other Fixed Elements. Operable parts
of other fixed
elements
at
transit stops
and shelters intended to be used by
pedestrians
shall comply with R403.
R211 On-Street Parking Spaces
R211.1
General.
Where on-street parking is provided and is metered or designated by signs or pavement markings, accessible parking spaces complying with R310 shall be provided in accordance with R211 and Table R211.
Exceptions:
1. On-street parking spaces designated exclusively as residential parking shall not be required to comply with R211 and shall not be counted for purposes of Table R211.
2. On-street parking spaces designated exclusively for commercial or law enforcement vehicles shall not be required to comply with R211 and shall not be counted for purposes of Table R211.
3. Where on-street parking spaces are
altered,
the requirements of R211 shall apply only to the affected parking spaces until the minimum number of
accessible
on-street parking spaces as specified in Table R211 are provided.
R211.2
Parking on Block Perimeter.
Where parking spaces are provided on a
block perimeter
and are metered or designated by signs or pavement markings,
accessible
parking spaces complying with R310 shall be provided in accordance with Table R211. Where parking is metered or designated by signs or pavement markings, but individual spaces are not marked, each 20 feet (6.1 m) of
block perimeter
where parking is designated shall be counted as one parking space.
R211.3
Parking not on Block Perimeter.
Where parking spaces are provided on a section of a
street
that is not part of a
block perimeter, accessible
parking spaces complying with R310 shall be provided in accordance with Table R211. Where parking is metered or designated by signs or pavement markings, but individual spaces are not marked, each 20 feet (6.1 m) of
street
where parking is designated shall be counted as one parking space.
Table R211 On-Street Parking Spaces
Total number of
metered or
designated
parking spaces
Minimum required number of
accessible
parking spaces
1 to 25
1.
26 to 50
2.
51 to 75
3.
76 to 100
4.
101 to 150
5.
151 to 200
6.
201 and over
4 percent of total.
R212 Passenger Loading Zones
R212.1
General.
Where permanently designated
passenger loading zones
other than
transit stops
are provided, at least one
accessible passenger loading zone
complying with R311 shall be provided in every continuous 100 feet (30 m) of loading zone space, or fraction thereof.
R213 Stairs and Escalators
R213.1
General.
Where provided on
pedestrian circulation paths, stairs
shall comply with R408 and escalators shall comply with section 810.9 of Appendix D to 36 CFR part 1191 (ADA & ABA Accessibility Guidelines).
Stairs
and escalators shall not be part of
pedestrian access routes.
R214 Handrails
R214.1
General.
Where provided on
pedestrian circulation paths,
handrails shall comply with R409.
Chapter 3: Technical Requirements
R301 General
R301.1
Scope.
The technical requirements in Chapter 3 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a requirement in these guidelines.
R302 Pedestrian Access Routes
R302.1
General. Pedestrian access routes
shall comply with R302.
R302.2
Continuous Clear Width.
Except as provided in R302.2.1 and R302.2.2, the continuous clear width of
pedestrian access routes
shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum, exclusive of the width of any
curb.
R302.2.1
Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands.
The clear width of
pedestrian access routes
crossing
medians
and
pedestrian refuge islands
shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum, except that where
shared use paths
cross
medians
and
pedestrian refuge islands
the clear width of the
pedestrian access route
shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum or at least as wide as the
crosswalk,
whichever is greater.
R302.2.2
Shared Use Paths.
On
shared use paths,
the clear width of the
pedestrian access route
shall extend the full width provided for
pedestrian
circulation on the path. Obstructions, such as bollards, shall not reduce the clear width of the
pedestrian access route
to less than 48 inches (1220 mm) measured from the edge of the obstruction.
R302.3
Passing Spaces.
Where the clear width of
pedestrian access routes
is less than 60 inches (1525 mm), passing spaces shall be provided at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum. Passing spaces shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum. Passing spaces and
pedestrian access routes
are permitted to overlap.
R302.4
Grade.
The
grade
of
pedestrian access routes
shall comply with R302.4, except the
grade
of
curb ramps
and
blended transitions
shall comply with R304 and the
grade
of
ramps
shall comply with R407.
R302.4.1
Within Highway Right-of-Way.
Except as provided in R302.4.3, where a
pedestrian access route
is contained within a
highway
right-of-way, the
grade
of the
pedestrian access route
shall not exceed 1:20 (5.0%).
Exception:
Where the
grade
established for the adjacent
street
exceeds 1:20 (5.0%), the
grade
of the
pedestrian access route
shall not exceed the
grade
established for the adjacent
street.
R302.4.2
Not Within Highway Right-of-Way.
Where a
pedestrian access route
is not contained within a
highway
right-of-way, the
grade
of the
pedestrian access route
shall not exceed 1:20 (5.0%).
R302.4.3
Within a Crosswalk.
Where a
pedestrian access route
is contained within a
crosswalk,
the
grade
of the
pedestrian access route
shall be 1:20 (5.0%) maximum.
Exception:
Where
roadway
design requires superelevation greater than 1:20 (5.0%) at the location of a
crosswalk,
the
grade
of the
pedestrian access route
within the
crosswalk
may be the same as the superelevation.
R302.5
Cross Slope.
The
cross slope
of a
pedestrian access route
shall comply with R302.5.
R302.5.1
Not Contained Within a Crosswalk.
The
cross slope
of a
pedestrian access route
not contained within a
crosswalk
shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
Exception:
The portion of a
pedestrian access route
within a
street
that connects an
accessible
parallel on-street parking space to the nearest
crosswalk
at the end of the block face or the nearest midblock
crosswalk
is not required to comply with R302.5.
R302.5.2
Contained Within a Crosswalk.
The
cross slope
of a
pedestrian access route
contained within a
crosswalk
shall comply with R302.5.2.
R302.5.2.1
Crosswalk with Yield or Stop Control Devices.
Where a
pedestrian access route
is contained within a
crosswalk
at an intersection approach with yield or stop control devices, the
cross slope
of the
pedestrian access route
shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
R302.5.2.2
Crosswalk at Uncontrolled Approach.
Where a
pedestrian access route
is contained within a
crosswalk
at an uncontrolled approach, the
cross slope
of the
pedestrian access route
shall be 1:20 (5.0%) maximum.
R302.5.2.3
Crosswalk with Traffic Control Signal or Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon.
Where a
pedestrian access route
is contained within a
crosswalk
at an intersection approach controlled by a traffic control signal or
pedestrian hybrid beacon,
the
cross slope
of the
pedestrian access route
shall be 1:20 (5.0%) maximum.
R302.5.2.4
Midblock and Roundabout Crosswalks.
The
cross slope
of a
pedestrian access route
within a midblock
crosswalk
or a
crosswalk
at a
roundabout
shall not exceed the
street grade.
R302.6
Surfaces.
The walking surfaces of
pedestrian access routes, elements,
and spaces that are required to be
accessible
shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant and shall comply with R302.6.
R302.6.1
Grade Breaks. Grade breaks
shall be flush.
R302.6.2
Changes in Level.
Changes in level of
inch (6.4 mm) maximum shall be permitted to be vertical. Changes in level between
inch (6.4 mm) and
inch (13 mm) shall be beveled with a slope not steeper than 1:2 (50.0%). Changes in level greater than
inch (13 mm) up to 6 inches shall have a 1:12 (8.3%) maximum slope. Changes in level greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall comply with R407.
R302.6.3
Horizontal Openings.
Horizontal openings in ground surfaces, such as those in gratings and joints, other than flangeway gaps (see R302.6.4), shall not allow passage of a sphere larger than
inch (13 mm) in diameter. Except where multiple directions of travel intersect, elongated openings are permitted and shall be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.
R302.6.4
Surfaces at Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings.
Surfaces at
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings shall comply with R302.6.4.
R302.6.4.1
Surface Alignment.
Where a
pedestrian access route
crosses rails at grade, the
pedestrian access route
surface shall be level and flush with the top of rail at the outer edges of the rails, and the surface between the rails shall be aligned with the top of rail.
R302.6.4.2
Flangeway Gaps. Flangeway gaps shall comply with R302.6.4.2.
R302.6.4.2.1
Flangeway Gaps at Tracks Subject to FRA Safety Regulations.
At
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings that cross tracks that are subject to safety regulations at
49 CFR part 213
, issued by the Federal Railroad Administration, flangeway gaps shall be 3 inches (75 mm) wide maximum.
R302.6.4.2.2
Flangeway Gaps at Tracks Not Subject to FRA Safety Regulations.
At
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings that cross tracks that are not subject to safety regulations at
49 CFR part 213
, issued by the Federal Railroad Administration, flangeway gaps shall be 2
inches (64 mm) wide maximum.
R303 Alternate Pedestrian Access Routes
R303.1
General.
Alternate
pedestrian access routes
shall comply with R303.
R303.2
Signs.
Signs identifying alternate
pedestrian access routes
shall be provided in advance of decision points and shall comply with R410. Proximity actuated audible signs or other non-visual means within the
public right-of-way
of conveying the information that identifies the alternate
pedestrian access route
shall also be provided.
R303.3
Surface.
Alternate
pedestrian access route
surfaces shall comply with R302.6 or shall not be less
accessible
than the surface of the temporarily closed
pedestrian circulation path.
R303.4
Continuous Clear Width.
The minimum continuous clear width of alternate
pedestrian access routes
shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) exclusive of the width of any
curb.
Exception:
Where the alternate
pedestrian access route
utilizes an existing
pedestrian circulation path,
the width shall not be less than the width of the temporarily closed
pedestrian circulation path.
R303.5
Curb Ramp or Blended Transition.
Where an alternate
pedestrian access route
crosses a
curb,
curb ramp
or
blended transition
complying with R304 shall be provided.
R303.6
Detectable Edging of Channelizing Devices.
Where a channelizing device is used to delineate an alternate
pedestrian access route,
continuous detectable edging complying with R303.6 shall be provided throughout the length of the route.
Exception:
Where
pedestrians
or vehicles turn or cross, gaps in the detectable edging are permitted.
R303.6.1
Top.
The top of the top detectable edging shall be no lower than 32 inches (815 mm) above the walking surface and be free of sharp or abrasive surfaces.
R303.6.2
Bottom.
The bottom of the bottom detectable edging shall be 2 inches (51 mm) maximum above the walking surface.
R303.7
Pedestrian Signal Heads.
Where temporary
pedestrian signal heads
are provided at a
crosswalk
that is part of an alternate
pedestrian access route,
pedestrian pushbuttons or passive detection devices shall be provided and shall comply with R307.
R304 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions
R304.1
General. Curb ramps
and
blended transition
s shall comply with R304 and have
detectable warning surfaces
in accordance with R205.
R304.2
Perpendicular Curb Ramps. Perpendicular curb ramps
shall comply with R304.2 and R304.5.
R304.2.1
Running Slope.
The
running slope
of a
curb ramp
shall be perpendicular to the curb or gutter
grade break.
The
running slope
of the
curb ramp
shall be 1:12 (8.3%) maximum.
Exception:
Where the
curb ramp
length must exceed 15 feet (4.6 m) to achieve a 1:12 (8.3%)
running slope,
the
curb ramp
length shall extend at least 15 feet (4.6 m) and may have a
running slope
greater than 1:12 (8.3%).
R304.2.2
Cross Slope.
The
cross slope
of a
curb ramp
run shall be 1:48 (2.1) maximum.
Exception:
At
crosswalks,
the
cross slope
of the
curb ramp
run shall be permitted to be equal to or less than the
cross slope
of the
crosswalk
as specified by R302.5.
R304.2.3
Grade Breaks. Grade breaks
at the top and bottom of a
curb ramp
run shall be perpendicular to the direction of the
curb ramp
run.
Grade breaks
shall not be permitted on the surfaces of
curb ramp
runs and landings. Surface slopes that meet at
grade breaks
shall be flush.
R304.2.4
Clear Area.
A clear area 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum by 48 inches long (1220 mm) minimum shall be provided beyond the bottom
grade break
of the
perpendicular curb ramp
run and within the width of the
crosswalk.
At
shared use paths,
the clear area shall be as wide as
the shared use path.
The clear area shall be located wholly outside the vehicle travel lanes, including bicycle lanes, that run parallel to the
crosswalk.
The
running slope
of the clear area shall be 1:20 (5.0%) maximum. The
cross slope
of the clear area shall be as specified by R302.5.
R304.2.5
Landing.
When a change in direction is necessary to access a
curb ramp
from a
pedestrian access route,
a landing shall be provided at the top of the
curb ramp.
The landing shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum. At
shared use paths,
the landing shall be as wide as the
shared use path.
Where a landing serves only one
curb
ramp, the landing slope measured perpendicular to the
curb ramp
run shall be equal to or less than the
cross slope
of the
curb ramp
run, and the landing slope measured parallel to the
curb ramp
run shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum. Where a landing serves two
curb ramps,
the landing slope in either direction of travel shall not exceed the
cross slope
of the
crosswalk
parallel to the direction of travel as specified by R302.5.
R304.2.6
Side Treatments.
Where a
pedestrian circulation path
crosses the side of a
curb ramp,
the side of the
curb ramp
shall be flared. The slope of the flared side shall be 1:10 (10.0%) maximum, measured parallel to the adjacent
curb line.
R304.2.7
Connection to Pedestrian Facilities. Perpendicular curb ramps
or their landings shall be connected to adjacent
pedestrian facilities
by
pedestrian access routes
complying with R302. A
transitional segment
may be used in the connection.
R304.3
Parallel Curb Ramps. Parallel curb ramps
shall comply with R304.3 and R304.5.
R304.3.1
Running Slope.
The
running slope
of the
curb ramp
run shall be parallel to the curb and shall be 1:12 (8.3%) maximum.
Exception:
Where the
curb ramp
run length must exceed 15 feet (4.6 m) to achieve a 1:12 (8.3%)
running slope,
the
curb ramp
run length shall extend at least 15 feet (4.6 m) and may have a
running slope
greater than 1:12 (8.3%).
R304.3.2
Cross Slope.
The
cross slope
of the
curb ramp
run shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
R304.3.3
Grade Breaks. Grade breaks
at the top and bottom of a
curb ramp
run shall be perpendicular to the direction of the
curb ramp
run.
Grade breaks
shall not be permitted on the surfaces of
curb ramp
runs or landings. Surface slopes that meet at
grade breaks
shall be flush.
R304.3.4
Landings.
Landings shall be provided at the bottom of
parallel curb ramps.
Landings shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum. The slope of the landing, measured parallel to the direction of travel on the
curb ramp
run, shall be permitted to be equal to or less than the slope of the
roadway
or the
cross slope
of the
crosswalk
as specified by R302.5. The
cross slope
of the landing shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum measured perpendicular to the direction of travel on the
curb ramp
run.
R304.4
Blended Transitions. Blended transition
s shall comply with R304.4 and R304.5.
R304.4.1
Running Slope.
The
running slope
of
blended transition
s shall be 1:20 (5.0%) maximum.
R304.4.2
Cross Slope.
The
cross slope
of
blended transition
s shall be equal to or less than the
cross slope
of the
crosswalk
as specified by R302.5.
R304.4.3
Bypass.
Where a
blended transition
serving more than one
pedestrian circulation path
has a
running slope
greater than 1:48 (2.1%), a
pedestrian access route
shall be provided so that a
pedestrian
not crossing the
street
may bypass the
blended transition.
R304.5
Common Requirements. Curb ramps
and
blended transition
s shall comply with R304.5.
R304.5.1
Width.
The width of
curb ramp
runs (excluding any flared sides) and
blended transition
s shall comply with R304.5.1.1 or R304.5.1.2, as applicable.
R304.5.1.1
Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions Not on Shared Use Paths.
The clear width of
curb ramp
runs (excluding any flared sides) and
blended transition
s not on
shared use paths
shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.
R304.5.1.2
Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions on Shared Use Paths.
On
shared use paths,
the width of
curb ramp
runs (excluding any flared sides) and
blended transition
s shall be equal to the width of the
shared use path.
R304.5.2
Change of Grade.
At gutters and
streets
where a change of
grade
occurs adjacent to
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s, the change of
grade
shall comply with the requirements contained in (A) or (B) below:
A. The change of
grade
shall not exceed 13.3 percent, or
B. A transitional space shall be provided at the bottom of the
running slope
of the
curb ramp
run or
blended transition.
The transitional space shall extend 24 inches (610 mm) minimum in the direction of
pedestrian
travel and the full width of the
curb ramp
run or
blended transition.
Transitional spaces shall have
running slopes
of 1:48 (2.1%) maximum and
cross slopes
no greater than the
cross slope
of the
crosswalk
as specified by R302.5.
R304.5.3
Crosswalks. Perpendicular curb ramp
runs,
parallel curb ramp
landings, and 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum width of
blended transition
s, except those at
shared use paths,
shall be contained wholly within the width of the
crosswalks
they serve. At
shared use paths,
the full width of a
perpendicular curb ramp
run,
parallel curb ramp
landing, or the
blended transition
shall be contained wholly within the width of the
crosswalk
it serves.
R304.5.4
Surfaces.
Surfaces of
curb ramps
and
blended transitions
shall comply with R302.6 except that changes in level are not permitted.
R305 Detectable Warning Surfaces
R305.1
General. Detectable warning surfaces
shall consist of truncated domes in a square or radial grid pattern and shall comply with R305.
R305.1.1
Dome Size.
The truncated domes shall have a base diameter of 0.9 inches (23 mm) minimum and 1.4 inches (36 mm) maximum, a top diameter of 50 percent of the base diameter minimum and 65 percent of the base diameter maximum, and a height of 0.2 inches (5.1 mm). When
detectable warning surface
tiles are cut to fit, partial domes are permitted along the cut edges.
R305.1.2
Dome Spacing.
The truncated domes shall have a center-to-center spacing of 1.6 inches (41 mm) minimum and 2.4 inches (61 mm) maximum, and a base-to-base spacing of 0.65 inches (17 mm) minimum, measured between the most adjacent domes.
Exceptions:
1. When
detectable warning surfaces
are cut to fit, center-to-center spacing measured between domes adjacent to cut edges shall not exceed twice the normal spacing between domes not adjacent to cut edges.
2. Dome spacing requirements do not apply at a gap in a
detectable warning surface
at an expansion joint provided that the
detectable warning surface
aligns with both edges of the expansion joint.
R305.1.3
Contrast. Detectable warning surfaces
shall contrast visually with adjacent walking surfaces, either light-on-dark or dark-on-light.
R305.1.4
Surface Size. Detectable warning surfaces
shall extend 24 inches (610 mm) minimum in the direction of
pedestrian
travel. The width of
detectable warning surfaces
shall be as follows:
A. At
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s,
detectable warning surfaces
shall extend the full width of the
curb ramp
run (excluding any flared sides),
blended transition,
or landing.
B. At cut-through
pedestrian refuge islands, detectable warning surfaces
shall extend the full width of the
pedestrian circulation path
opening.
C. At
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings not located within a
street, detectable warning surfaces
shall extend the full width of the
pedestrian circulation path.
D. Where required at
boarding platform
s,
detectable warning surfaces
shall extend the full length of the unprotected areas of the platform.
E. At boarding and alighting areas at
sidewalk
or
street
level
transit stops
for rail vehicles, detectable warning surfaces shall extend the full length of the unprotected area of the
transit stop.
R305.2
Location.
The location of
detectable warning surfaces
shall comply with R305.2. Where a concrete border is required for proper installation of a
detectable warning surface,
a concrete border not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm) shall be permitted on all sides of the
detectable warning surface
except between the
detectable warning surface
and the edge of pavement where a setback is already permitted.
R305.2.1
Perpendicular Curb Ramps.
On
perpendicular curb ramps, detectable warning surfaces
shall be located as follows:
A. Where the ends of the bottom
grade break
are in front of the back of
curb
or at the edge of pavement where there is no
curb,
the
detectable warning surface
shall be placed at the back of
curb
or no greater than 6 inches (150 mm) from the edge of pavement where there is no
curb.
B. Where the ends of the bottom
grade break
are behind the back of
curb
or edge of pavement where there is no
curb
and the distance from both ends of the bottom
grade break
to the back of
curb
or edge of pavement where there is no
curb
is 60 inches (1525 mm) or less, the
detectable warning surface
shall be placed on the
ramp
run at the bottom
grade break.
C. Where the ends of the bottom
grade break
are behind the back of
curb
or edge of pavement where there is no
curb
and the distance from either end of the bottom
grade break
to the back of
curb
or edge of pavement where there is no
curb
is more than 60 inches (1525 mm), the
detectable warning surface
shall be placed on the clear area so that both front corners of the
detectable warning surfaces
are at the back of
curb
or no greater than 6 inches (150 mm) from the edge of pavement where there is no
curb.
R305.2.2
Parallel Curb Ramps.
On
parallel curb ramps, detectable warning surfaces
shall be located on the landing at either the back of
curb
or the edge of pavement where there is no
curb.
R305.2.3
Blended Transitions.
On
blended transition
s,
detectable warning surfaces
shall be located on the
blended transition
so that both front corners of the
detectable warning surfaces
are at the back of
curb
or no greater than 6 inches (150 mm) from the edge pavement where there is no
curb.
R305.2.4
Pedestrian Refuge Islands.
At cut-through
pedestrian refuge islands, detectable warning surfaces
shall be located no greater than 6 inches (150 mm) from the edges of the
pedestrian refuge island
or at back of
curb
and shall be separated by a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum length of surface in the direction of travel without
detectable warning surfaces.
R305.2.5
Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings.
At
pedestrian
at-grade rail crossings not located within a
street, detectable warning surfaces
shall be located on each side of the rail crossing. The edge of the
detectable warning surface
nearest the rail crossing shall be 6 feet (1.8 m) minimum and 15 feet (4.6 m) maximum from the centerline of the nearest rail. Where
pedestrian
gates are provided,
detectable warning surfaces
shall be located on the side of the gate opposite the rail.
Pedestrian
gates shall not overlap
detectable warning surfaces.
R305.2.6
Boarding Platforms.
At
boarding platform
s for transit vehicles,
detectable warning surfaces
shall be located at the boarding edge of the platform.
Exception:
Where a
curb
is present at the boarding edge of the platform, the
detectable warning surface
may be placed at the back of
curb.
R305.2.7
Sidewalk and Street-Level Rail Boarding and Alighting Areas.
At boarding and alighting areas at
sidewalk
or
street
-level
transit stops
for rail vehicles,
detectable warning surfaces
shall be located at the edge of the boarding and alighting area closest to the rail vehicles.
R305.2.8
Driveways.
Where driveways are controlled with yield or stop control devices or traffic signals,
detectable warning surfaces
shall be provided on the
pedestrian circulation path
where the
pedestrian circulation path
meets the driveway.
R306 Crosswalks
R306.1
General. Crosswalks
shall comply with R306.
R306.2
Pedestrian Signal Phase Timing.
Where a traffic control signal with
pedestrian
signal indications is provided at a crosswalk,
pedestrian
signal phase timing shall be based on a
pedestrian
clearance time that is calculated using a
pedestrian
walking speed of 3.5 ft/s (1.1 m/s) or less from the location of the
pedestrian push button
to a
pedestrian refuge island
or the far side of the
traveled way.
The
walk interval
shall be 7 seconds minimum. Where the
pedestrian
clearance time is calculated to a
pedestrian refuge island,
an additional
pedestrian push button
or passive detection device shall be provided on the
pedestrian refuge island.
Exception:
If a passive
pedestrian
detection device is used to automatically adjust the
pedestrian
clearance time based on the
pedestrian's
actual clearance of the
crosswalk,
a faster walking speed may be used.
R306.3
Accessible Walk Indication.
An
accessible
walk indication complying with R308.2 shall have the same duration as the
walk interval.
Exception:
Where the
pedestrian
signal rests in walk, the
accessible
walk indication may be limited to the first 7 seconds of the
walk interval.
If the
pedestrian
signal is resting in walk and there is sufficient time remaining to provide an
accessible walk interval
before the beginning of the
pedestrian change interval,
the
accessible
walk indication may be recalled by a button press.
R306.4
Roundabouts.
Where
pedestrian circulation paths
are provided at
roundabouts,
they shall comply with R306.4.
R306.4.1
Edge Detection.
The
street
side edge of the
pedestrian circulation path
at the approach and along the circulatory
roadway
of the
roundabout
shall comply with R306.4.1.1 where not attached to the
curb,
or R306.4.1.2 where attached to the
curb. Detectable warning surfaces
shall not be used for
roundabout
edge detection.
R306.4.1.1
Separation.
Where
pedestrian
crossing is not intended, the
pedestrian circulation path
shall be separated from the
curb, crosswalk
to
crosswalk,
with landscaping or other nonprepared surface 24 inches (610 mm) wide minimum.
R306.4.1.2
Vertical Edge Treatment.
Where
pedestrian
crossing is not intended, a
curb
-attached
pedestrian circulation path
shall have a continuous and detectable vertical edge treatment along the
street
side of the
pedestrian circulation path,
from
crosswalk
to
crosswalk.
The bottom edge of the vertical edge treatment shall be 15 inches (380 mm) maximum above the
pedestrian circulation path.
R306.4.2
Crosswalk Treatments.
Each multi-lane segment of the
roundabout
containing a
crosswalk
shall provide a
crosswalk
treatment consisting of one or more of the following: a traffic control signal with a
pedestrian signal head;
pedestrian hybrid beacon;
pedestrian
actuated rectangular rapid flashing beacon; or a raised crossing.
R306.5
Channelized Turn Lanes. Crosswalks
at multi-lane channelized turn lanes shall provide treatments consisting of one or more of the following: a traffic control signal with a
pedestrian signal head;
pedestrian hybrid beacon;
pedestrian
actuated rectangular rapid flashing beacon; or a raised crossing.
R307 Pedestrian Push Buttons and Passive Pedestrian Detection
R307.1
General. Pedestrian push buttons
and passive
pedestrian
detection devices shall comply with R307.
Operable parts
of
pedestrian push buttons
shall comply with R403.
R307.2
Activation. Pedestrian push buttons
and passive detection devices shall activate the
accessible pedestrian signals
and, where applicable, the
walk interval.
R307.3
Extended Push Button Press.
Where an extended
push button
press is used to provide any additional features, a
push button
press of less than one second shall actuate only the
pedestrian
timing and any associated
accessible
walk indication, and a
push button
press of one second or more shall actuate the
pedestrian
timing, any associated
accessible
walk indication, and any additional features. If additional crossing time is provided by means of an extended pushbutton press, a sign so indicating shall be mounted adjacent to or integral with the pedestrian push button.
R307.4
Location. Pedestrian push buttons
shall be located no greater than 5 feet from the side of a
curb ramp
run or the edge of the farthest associated
crosswalk
line from the center of the intersection.
Pedestrian push buttons
shall be located between 1.5 and 10 feet from the edge of the
curb
or pavement.
R307.4.1
Two Pedestrian Push Buttons on Same Corner.
Where two
pedestrian push buttons
are provided on the same corner, they shall be 10 feet or more apart.
Exception:
In
alterations,
where technically infeasible to provide 10 feet separation between
pedestrian push buttons
on the same corner, a
pedestrian push button
information message complying with R308.3.2 shall be provided.
R307.5
Push Button Orientation.
The face of the
push button
shall be parallel to its associated
crosswalk.
R307.6
Audible and Vibrotactile Walk Indications for Pedestrian Signal Heads. Pedestrian push buttons
or passive detection devices shall activate audible and
vibrotactile
walk indications complying with R308.
R307.7
Audible and Vibrotactile Indication for Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices Without a Walk Indication.
Where a
pedestrian push button
or a passive detection device is provided for
pedestrian activated warning devices,
such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons, the
pedestrian push button
or passive detection device shall activate a speech message that indicates the status of the beacon in lieu of an audible walk indication. The speech message volume shall comply with R308.4. Where a
pedestrian push button
is provided, it shall not include
vibrotactile
features indicating a
walk interval.
R307.8
Locator Tone. Pedestrian push buttons
shall incorporate a locator tone complying with R307.8.
R307.8.1
Duration.
Locator tones shall have a duration of 0.15 seconds or less and repeat at one-second intervals except when another audible indication from the same device is active. When another audible indication from the same device is active, the locator tone shall be silenced.
Exception:
A locator tone may be silenced if a passive detection system activates the locator tone when a
pedestrian
is within a 12-foot radius of the
pedestrian push button.
R307.8.2
Locator Tone in Response to Ambient Sound. Pedestrian push button locator tones
shall be intensity responsive to ambient sound and shall be audible 6 to 12 feet from the
push button,
or to the
building
line, whichever is less. The
push button locator tone
shall be louder than ambient sound up to a maximum volume of 5 dBA louder than ambient sound. Automatic volume adjustment in response to ambient traffic sound level shall be a maximum volume of 100 dBA.
R307.8.3
Locator Tone and Audible Beaconing.
Where audible beaconing is used, the volume of the
push button locator tone
during the
pedestrian change interval
of the called
pedestrian
phase shall be increased and operated in one of the following ways:
A. The louder audible walk indication and louder locator tone comes from the far end of the
crosswalk,
as
pedestrians
cross the
street;
B. The louder locator tone comes from both ends of the
crosswalk;
or
C. The louder locator tone comes from an additional speaker that is aimed at the center of the
crosswalk
and that is mounted on a
pedestrian signal head.
R307.8.4
Locator Tone and Traffic Control Signal in Flashing Mode.
When the traffic control signal is operating in a flashing mode,
pedestrian push button locator tones
shall remain active, and the
pedestrian push button
shall activate a speech message that communicates the operating mode of the traffic control signal. Where traffic control signals or
pedestrian hybrid beacons
are activated from a flashing or dark mode to a stop-and-go mode by
pedestrian
actuations, a speech message communicating the operating status of the traffic control signal is not required.
R307.9
Tactile Arrow. Pedestrian push buttons
shall have a tactile arrow with high visual contrast that is aligned parallel to the direction of travel on their associated
crosswalks.
R308 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Walk Indications
R308.1
General. Accessible pedestrian signal
walk indications shall comply with R308.
R308.2
Audible and Vibrotactile Walk Indications. Accessible pedestrian signal
s shall have an audible and
vibrotactile
walk indication during the
walk interval
only. The audible walk indication shall be audible from the beginning of the associated
crosswalk.
Following the audible and
vibrotactile
walk indication and during the
pedestrian change interval, accessible pedestrian signal
s shall revert to the
pedestrian push button locator tone.
R308.3
Audible Walk Indications.
Audible walk indications shall comply with R308.3.
R308.3.1
Percussive Tone.
Where an
accessible pedestrian signal
is provided at a single crossing or where two
accessible pedestrian signal
s are 10 feet or greater from each other at a corner, the audible walk indication shall be a percussive tone and repeat eight to ten ticks per second with multiple frequencies and a dominant component at 880 Hz.
R308.3.2
Speech Walk Message.
In
alterations,
where it is technically infeasible to provide 10 feet separation between
pedestrian push buttons
on the same corner, the audible walk indication for each signal shall be a speech walk message that complies with R308.3.2.
R308.3.2.1
Speech Information Message when Walk Interval is Not Timing.
Where speech
push button
information messages are made available at a pretimed signal or by actuating the
accessible pedestrian push button
or passive detection device, they shall only be actuated when the
walk interval
is not timing. They shall begin with the term “Wait,” followed by intersection identification information modeled after: “Wait to cross Broadway at Grand.” If information on intersection signalization or geometry is also given, it shall follow the intersection identification information.
R308.3.2.2
Speech Walk Message during Pedestrian Phasing Concurrent with Vehicular Phasing.
Speech walk messages that are used at intersections having
pedestrian
phasing that is concurrent with vehicular phasing shall be patterned after the model: “Broadway. Walk sign is on to cross Broadway.”
R308.3.2.3
Speech Walk Message during Exclusive Pedestrian Phasing.
Speech walk messages that are used at intersections having exclusive
pedestrian
phasing shall be patterned after the model: “Walk sign is on for all crossings.”
R308.3.2.4
Speech Walk Message and Pilot Light.
If a pilot light is used at an
accessible pedestrian signal
location, each actuation shall be accompanied by the speech message, “Wait.”
R308.4
Volume.
Audible walk indications shall be louder than ambient sound up to a maximum volume of 5 dBA louder than ambient sound. Automatic volume adjustment in response to ambient traffic sound level shall be a maximum volume of 100 dBA.
Exception:
Where audible beaconing is provided in response to an extended
push button
press, the beaconing can exceed 5 dBA louder than ambient sound.
R308.5
Vibrotactile Walk Indication.
The
pedestrian push button
shall vibrate during the
walk interval.
R309 Transit Stops and Transit Shelters
R309.1
Transit Stops. Transit stops
shall comply with R309.1.
R309.1.1
Boarding and Alighting Areas.
Boarding and alighting areas at
sidewalk
or
street
-level
transit stops
must serve each
accessible
vehicle entry and exit and shall comply with R309.1.1 and R309.1.3.
R309.1.1.1
Dimensions.
Boarding and alighting areas shall have a clear length of 96 inches (2440 mm) minimum, measured perpendicular to the face of the
curb
or
street
edge, and a clear width of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum, measured parallel to the
street.
R309.1.1.2
Slope.
The slope of boarding and alighting areas measured parallel to the
street
shall be the same as the
grade
of the
street.
The slope of boarding and alighting areas measured perpendicular to the
street
shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
R309.1.2
Boarding Platforms. Boarding platform
s at
transit stops
shall comply with R309.1.2 and R309.1.3.
R309.1.2.1
Platform and Vehicle Floor Coordination. Boarding platform
s shall be positioned to coordinate with vehicles in accordance with the applicable requirements in
49 CFR parts 37
and
38
R309.1.2.2
Slope.
The slope of the
boarding platform
measured parallel to the track or
street
shall be the same as the
grade
of the track or
street.
The
slope
of the
boarding platform
measured perpendicular to the track or
street
shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
R309.1.3
Common Requirements.
Boarding and alighting areas and
boarding platform
s shall comply with R309.1.3.
R309.1.3.1
Surfaces.
The surfaces of boarding and alighting areas and
boarding platform
s shall comply with R302.6.
R309.1.3.2
Connection to Existing Pedestrian Circulation Paths.
In
alterations,
boarding and alighting areas and
boarding platform
s shall be connected to existing
pedestrian circulation paths
by
pedestrian access routes
complying with R302.
R309.2
Transit Shelters. Transit shelters
shall comply with R309.2.
R309.2.1
Connection to Boarding and Alighting Areas. Transit shelters
shall be connected by
pedestrian access routes
complying with R302 to boarding and alighting areas complying with R309.1.1 or
boarding platform
s complying with R309.1.2.
R309.2.2
Clear Space. Transit shelters
shall provide a minimum clear space complying with R404 entirely within the shelter. Where seating is provided within
transit shelters,
the clear space shall be located either at one end of a seat or so as to not overlap the area within 18 inches (455 mm) from the front edge of the seat.
R309.2.3
Environmental Controls.
Where provided, environmental controls within
transit shelters
shall be proximity-actuated.
R309.2.4
Protruding Objects.
Protruding objects within
transit shelters
shall comply with R402.
R310 On-Street Parking Spaces
R310.1
General.
On-street parking spaces shall comply with R310.
R310.2
Parallel On-Street Parking Spaces.
Parallel on-street parking spaces shall comply with R310.2.
R310.2.1
Dimensions.
Parallel on-street parking spaces shall be 24 feet (7.3 m) long minimum and 13 feet (4.0 m) wide minimum. Parallel on-street parking spaces shall not encroach on the
traveled way.
Exceptions:
1. Where parallel on-street parking spaces are
altered
but the adjacent
pedestrian circulation path
is not, any
accessible
parallel on-street parking spaces provided may have the same dimensions as the adjacent parallel on-street parking spaces if they are provided nearest the
crosswalk
at the end of the block face or nearest a midblock
crosswalk,
and a
curb ramp
or
blended transition
is provided serving the
crosswalk.
2. In
alterations,
where providing parallel on-street parking spaces with the dimensions specified in R310.2.1 would result in an available right-of-way width less than or equal to 9 feet (2.7 m), measured from the
curb line
to the right-of-way line, the
accessible
parallel on-street parking spaces may have the same dimensions as the adjacent parallel on-street parking spaces if they are provided nearest the
crosswalk
at the end of the block face or nearest a midblock
crosswalk,
and a
curb ramp
or
blended transition
is provided serving the
crosswalk.
R310.2.2
Pedestrian Access Route Connection.
Parallel on-street parking spaces shall connect to
pedestrian access routes.
Where
curb ramp
s and
blended transitions
are used, they shall not reduce the required width or length of the parking spaces and shall be located at either end of the parking space. Where two or more
accessible
parallel on-street parking spaces complying with the dimensions specified in R310.2.1 are contiguous on a block face, each
accessible
parallel on-street parking space shall have an independent connection to the
pedestrian access route. Curb ramps
and
blended transitions
shall be provided in accordance with R203.6.1.3 and shall comply with R304.
Detectable warning surfaces
are not required on
curb ramps
and
blended transitions
used exclusively to connect
accessible
on-street parallel parking spaces to
pedestrian access routes.
Exception:
In
alterations,
where parallel on-street parking spaces are provided in accordance with Exception 1 or 2 to R310.2.1, the parallel on-street parking space shall be connected to the
curb ramp
or
blended transition
serving the
crosswalk
by a
pedestrian circulation path
complying with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
R310.2.3
Surfaces.
Surfaces of parking spaces shall comply with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
R310.2.4
Clearance Adjacent to Parking Spaces.
The center 50 percent of the length of the
sidewalk,
or other surface, adjacent to an
accessible
parallel parking space shall be free of obstructions, including parking identification signs, parking pay meters, and parking pay stations, and shall comply with R302.6.
R310.2.5
Identification.
Parallel on-street parking spaces shall be identified by signs displaying the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with R411. Signs shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum above the ground surface measured to the bottom of the sign.
R310.3
Perpendicular Parking Spaces.
Perpendicular parking spaces shall comply with R310.3.
R310.3.1
Access Aisles.
Perpendicular on-street parking spaces shall have adjacent access aisles 96 inches (2440 mm) wide minimum extending the full length of the parking space. One access aisle shall be permitted to serve two parking spaces where front and rear entry parking are both permitted. Where an access aisle serves only one parking space and parking is restricted to either front entry or rear entry orientation, the access aisle shall be located on the passenger side of the vehicle.
R310.4
Angled Parking Spaces. Accessible
angled parking spaces shall comply with R310.4.
R310.4.1
Width.
The width of an angled parking space shall be 132 inches (3350 mm).
R310.4.2
Access Aisles.
Each angled on-street parking space shall have an adjacent access aisle 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum extending the full length of the parking space on the passenger side.
R310.5
Common Requirements for Perpendicular and Angled Parking Spaces.
Perpendicular and angled parking spaces shall comply with R310.5.
R310.5.1
Access Aisle Markings.
The access aisle surface shall be marked to discourage parking in the access aisle.
R310.5.2
Access Aisle Location.
Access aisles shall be located at the same level as the parking space they serve and shall not encroach on the
traveled way.
R310.5.3
Pedestrian Access Route Connection.
Access aisles shall connect to
pedestrian access routes.
Where
curb ramps
and
blended transitions
are used, they shall not reduce the required width or length of access aisles and parking spaces.
Curb ramps
and
blended transitions
shall be provided in accordance with R203.6.1.4 and shall comply with R304. A
detectable warning surface
is not required on a
curb ramp
or
blended transition
used exclusively to connect on-street parking access aisles to
pedestrian access routes.
Exception:
In
alterations,
the access aisle may connect to an existing
pedestrian circulation path
in accordance with R202.2.
R310.5.4
Surfaces.
Surfaces of parking spaces and access aisles serving them shall comply with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
R310.5.5
Identification.
Perpendicular or angled on-street parking spaces shall be identified by signs displaying the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with R411. The signs shall be located at the head of the parking space. Signs shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum above the ground surface measured to the bottom of the sign.
R310.6
Parking Meters and Parking Pay Stations.
Parking meters and parking pay stations that serve
accessible
parking spaces shall provide
operable parts
complying with R403. The clear space required by R403.2 shall be located so that displays and information on parking meters and pay stations are visible from a point located 40 inches (1015 mm) maximum above the center of the clear space in front of the parking meter or parking pay station.
R311 Passenger Loading Zones
R311.1
General. Accessible passenger loading zones
shall comply with R311.
R311.2
Vehicle Pull-Up Space. Accessible passenger loading zones
shall provide a vehicular pull-up space that is 96 inches (2440 mm) wide minimum and 20 feet (6.1 m) long minimum.
R311.3
Access Aisle.
Vehicle pull-up spaces shall have adjacent access aisles complying with R311.3 that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum extending the full length of the vehicle pull-up space. Access aisles shall be at the same level as the vehicle pull-up space they serve and shall not encroach on the
traveled way.
R311.3.1
Clearance Adjacent to Passenger Loading Zone.
The center 50 percent of the length of the
sidewalk,
or other surface, adjacent to an
accessible passenger loading zone
shall be free of obstructions and comply with R302.6.
R311.3.2
Marking.
Access aisle surfaces shall be marked to discourage parking in them.
R311.4
Surfaces.
Surfaces of vehicle pull-up spaces and the access aisles serving them shall comply with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
R311.5
Pedestrian Access Route Connection.
Access aisles shall connect to
pedestrian access routes.
Where
curb ramps
and
blended transition
s are used, they shall be provided in accordance with R203.6.1.4 and comply with R304, and shall not reduce the required width or length of access aisles.
Detectable warning surfaces
are not required on
curb ramps
and
blended transitions
used exclusively to connect access aisles to
pedestrian access routes.
Exception:
In
alterations,
the access aisle may connect to an existing
pedestrian circulation path
in accordance with R202.2.
Chapter 4: Supplemental Technical Requirements
R401 General
R401.1
Scope.
The supplemental technical requirements in Chapter 4 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a requirement in these guidelines.
R402 Protruding Objects and Vertical Clearance
R402.1
General.
Protruding objects and vertical clearance shall comply with R402.
R402.2
Protrusion Limits.
Objects with leading edges more than 27 inches (685 mm) and less than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the walking surface shall not protrude horizontally more than 4 inches (100 mm) into
pedestrian circulation paths.
Exception:
Handrails shall be permitted to protrude 4
inches (115 mm) maximum.
R402.3
Post-Mounted Objects.
Where objects are mounted on posts or pylons, they shall comply with R402.3.
Exception:
The sloping portions of handrails serving
stairs
and
ramps
shall not be required to comply with R402.3.
R402.3.1
Objects Mounted on Single Post or Pylon.
Where objects are mounted on a single post or pylon and the objects are more than 27 inches (685 mm) and less than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the walking surface, the objects shall not protrude into the
pedestrian circulation path
more than 4 inches (100 mm) measured horizontally from the post or pylon or more than 4 inches (100mm) measured horizontally from the outside edge of the base where the base height is 2
inches (64 mm) minimum.
R402.3.2
Objects Mounted Between Posts or Pylons.
Where objects are mounted between posts or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons is greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of the object shall be 27 inches (685 mm) maximum or 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum above the walking surface.
Exception:
Objects mounted with the lowest edge greater than 27 inches (685 mm) and less than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the walking surface are permitted if a barrier with its lowest edge at 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the walking surface is provided between the posts or pylons.
R402.4
Vertical Clearance.
Vertical clearance shall be 80 inches (2030 mm) high minimum. Guards or other barriers to prohibit
pedestrian
travel shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2030 mm) high above the walking surface. The lowest edge of the guard or barrier shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the walking surface.
R402.5
Required Clear Width.
Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width required for
pedestrian access routes.
R403 Operable Parts
R403.1
General. Operable parts
shall comply with R403.
R403.2
Clear Space.
A clear space complying with R404 shall be provided at
operable parts.
R403.3
Height. Operable parts
shall be placed within one or more of the reach ranges specified in R406.
R403.4
Operation. Operable parts
shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate
operable parts
shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
R404 Clear Spaces
R404.1
General.
Clear spaces shall comply with R404.
R404.2
Surfaces.
Surfaces of clear spaces shall comply with R302.6. The slope of the clear space shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum in both directions.
Exception:
Where the slope of the clear space would exceed 1:48 (2.1%) in either or both directions due to the
grade
of an adjacent
pedestrian access route
conforming to the requirements of R302.4, the slope of the clear space may be consistent with the slope of the
pedestrian access route.
R404.3
Size.
Clear spaces shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.
R404.4
Knee and Toe Clearance.
Unless otherwise specified, clear spaces shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with R405.
R404.5
Position.
Clear spaces shall be positioned either for forward approach where the 30-inch side is nearest to the
element,
or for parallel approach where the 48-inch side is nearest to the
element.
Clear spaces shall not be located on
curb ramp
runs or flares.
R404.6
Approach.
One full unobstructed side of a clear space shall adjoin a
pedestrian access route
or adjoin another clear space.
R404.7
Maneuvering Clearance.
Where a clear space is confined on all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering clearance shall be provided in accordance with R404.7.1 and R404.7.2.
R404.7.1
Forward Approach.
The clear space and additional maneuvering clearance shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum where the depth of the confined space exceeds 24 inches (610 mm) measured perpendicular to the
element.
R404.7.2
Parallel Approach.
The clear space and additional maneuvering clearance shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum where the depth of the confined space exceeds 15 inches (380 mm) measured perpendicular to the
element.
R405 Knee and Toe Clearance
R405.1
General.
Where space beneath an
element
is included as part of a clear space, the space shall comply with R405. Additional space shall not be prohibited beneath an
element
but shall not be considered as part of the clear space.
R405.2
Toe Clearance.
Toe clearance shall comply with R405.2.
R405.2.1
General.
Space under an
element
between the ground surface and 9 inches (230 mm) above the ground surface shall be considered toe clearance and shall comply with R405.2.
R405.2.2
Maximum Depth.
Toe clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an
element.
R405.2.3
Minimum Required Depth.
Where toe clearance is required at an
element
as part of a clear space, the toe clearance shall extend 17 inches (430 mm) minimum under the
element.
R405.2.4
Additional Clearance.
Space extending greater than 6 inches (150 mm) beyond the available knee clearance at 9 inches above the ground surface shall not be considered toe clearance.
R405.2.5
Width.
Toe clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum.
R405.3
Knee Clearance.
Knee clearance shall comply with R405.3.
R405.3.1
General.
Space under an
element
between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the ground surface shall be considered knee clearance and shall comply with R405.3.
R405.3.2
Maximum Depth.
Knee clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an
element
at 9 inches (230 mm) above the ground surface.
R405.3.3
Minimum Required Depth.
Where knee clearance is required under an
element
as part of a clear space, the knee clearance shall be 11 inches (280 mm) deep minimum at 9 inches (230 mm) above the ground surface, and 8 inches (205 mm) deep minimum at 27 inches (685 mm) above the ground surface.
R405.3.4
Clearance Reduction.
Between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685mm) above the ground surface, the knee clearance shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) in depth for each 6 inches (150 mm) in height.
R405.3.5
Width.
Knee clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum.
R406 Reach Ranges
R406.1
General.
Reach ranges shall comply with R406.
R406.2
Reach Range Limits.
For forward and parallel approaches, the high reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the ground surface.
R406.3
Obstructions.
Obstructed reach shall comply with R406.3.
R406.3.1
Forward Reach.
Where the clear space is configured solely for a forward approach to an
element,
obstructions shall not be permitted between the clear space and the
element
for a forward reach.
R406.3.2
Side Reach.
Where a clear space is configured for a parallel approach to an
element,
an obstruction shall be permitted between the clear space and the
element
where the depth of the obstruction is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum and the height of the obstruction is 34 inches (865 mm) maximum.
R407 Ramps
R407.1
General. Ramps
shall comply with R407. R407 does not apply to
curb ramps
or
pedestrian access routes
following the
grade
established for the adjacent
street
consistent with the requirements of R302.4.1.
R407.2
Running Slope.
The
running slope
of each
ramp
run shall be 1:12 (8.3%) maximum.
R407.3
Cross Slope.
The
cross slope
of
ramp
runs shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum.
R407.4
Clear Width.
The clear width of a
ramp
run shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum. Where handrails are provided, the clear width between handrails shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.
Exception:
Where a
ramp
only serves a
building
entrance, the clear width of the
ramp
run shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. Where handrails are provided, the clear width between handrails shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
R407.5
Rise.
The rise for any
ramp
run shall be 30 inches (760 mm) maximum.
R407.6
Landings. Ramps
shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each
ramp
run. Landings shall comply with R407.6.
R407.6.1
Slope.
Landing slopes shall be 1:48 (2.1%) maximum parallel and perpendicular to the
ramp running slope.
R407.6.2
Width.
The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest
ramp
run leading to the landing.
R407.6.3
Length.
The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
R407.6.4
Change in Direction. Ramps
that change direction between runs at landings shall have a clear landing 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
R407.7
Surfaces.
Surfaces of
ramp
runs and landings shall comply with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
R407.8
Handrails. Ramp
runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails complying with R409.
R407.9
Edge Protection.
Edge protection complying with R407.9.1 or R407.9.2 shall be provided on each side of
ramp
runs and each side of
ramp
landings except those serving an adjoining ramp run, stairway, or other
pedestrian circulation path.
R407.9.1
Extended Ramp Surface.
The surface of the
ramp
run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with R409.
R407.9.2
Curb or Barrier.
curb
that is 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum, or a barrier that prevents the passage of a 4-inch (100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the surface of the
ramp run
or landing, shall be provided.
R408 Stairs
R408.1
General. Stairs
shall comply with R408.
R408.2
Treads and Risers.
All steps on a flight of
stairs
shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread depths. Risers shall be 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and 7 inches (180 mm) high maximum. Treads shall be 11 inches (280 mm) deep minimum.
R408.3
Open Risers.
Open risers are not permitted.
R408.4
Tread Surface. Stair
treads shall comply with R302.6, except that changes in level are not permitted.
Exception:
Treads shall be permitted to have a slope not steeper than 1:48 (2.1%).
R408.5
Nosings.
The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread shall be
inch (13 mm) maximum. Nosings that project beyond risers shall have the underside of the leading edge curved or beveled. Risers shall be permitted to slope under the tread at an angle of 30 degrees maximum from vertical. The permitted projection of the nosing shall extend 1
inches (38 mm) maximum over the tread below.
R408.6
Visual Contrast.
The leading edge of each step tread and top landing shall be marked by a stripe. The stripe shall be 1 inch (25 mm) wide minimum and shall contrast visually with the rest of the step tread or circulation path surface either light-on-dark or dark-on-light.
R408.7
Handrails. Stairs
shall have handrails complying with R409.
R409 Handrails
R409.1
General.
Handrails required at
ramps
and
stairs,
and handrails provided on
pedestrian circulation paths
shall comply with R409. R409 does not apply to
curb ramps.
R409.2
Where Required.
Handrails shall be provided on both sides of
ramps
and
stairs.
R409.3
Continuity.
Handrails shall be continuous within the full length of each
ramp
run or
stair
flight. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg
ramps
and
stairs
shall be continuous between
ramp
runs or
stair
flights.
R409.4
Height.
The top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum vertically above walking surfaces,
ramp
surfaces, and
stair
nosings. Handrails shall be at a consistent height above walking surfaces,
ramp
surfaces, and
stair
nosings.
R409.5
Clearance.
Clearance between handrail gripping surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be 1
inches (38 mm) minimum.
R409.6
Gripping Surface.
Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. Where provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1
inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface.
R409.7
Cross Section.
Handrail gripping surfaces shall have a cross section complying with R409.7.1 or R409.7.2. Where expansion joints are necessary for large spans of handrails, the expansion joint cross section is permitted to be smaller than the specified cross section diameters for 1 inch (25 mm) maximum in length.
R409.7.1
Circular Cross Section.
Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of 1
inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum.
R409.7.2
Non-Circular Cross Section.
Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6
inches (160 mm) maximum, and a cross-section dimension of 2
inches (57 mm) maximum.
R409.8
Surfaces.
Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive
elements
and shall have rounded edges.
R409.9
Fittings.
Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings. Where expansion joints are necessary for large spans of handrails, the expansion joint is permitted to rotate in its fitting.
R409.10
Handrail Extensions.
Handrail gripping surfaces shall extend beyond and in the same direction of
ramp
runs and
stair
flights in accordance with R409.10. Handrail extensions shall not extend into the
roadway or pedestrian circulation path.
In
alterations,
if handrail extensions complying with R409.10 would reduce the clear width of a
pedestrian access route,
they shall extend as far as possible without reducing the clear width of the
pedestrian access route.
Exception:
Extensions shall not be required for continuous handrails at the inside turn of switchback or dogleg
ramps
and
stairs.
R409.10.1
Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps. Ramp
handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and bottom of
ramp
runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent
ramp
run.
R409.10.2
Top Extension at Stairs.
At the top of a
stair
flight, handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent
stair
flight.
R409.10.3
Bottom Extension at Stairs.
At the bottom of a
stair
flight, handrails shall extend at the slope of the
stair
flight for a horizontal distance at least equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent
stair
flight.
R410 Visual Characters on Signs
R410.1
General.
Visual characters on signs shall comply with R410.
R410.2
Finish and Contrast.
Characters and their background shall have a non-glare finish. Characters shall contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light background.
R410.3
Case.
Characters shall be uppercase or lowercase or a combination of both.
R410.4
Style.
Characters shall be conventional in form. Characters shall not be italic, oblique, script, highly decorative, or of other unusual forms.
R410.5
Character Proportions.
Characters shall be selected from fonts where the width of the uppercase letter “O” is 55 percent minimum and 110 percent maximum of the height of the uppercase letter “I”.
R410.6
Character Height.
Minimum character height shall comply with Table R410.6. Viewing distance shall be measured as the horizontal distance between the character and an obstruction preventing further approach towards the sign. Character height shall be based on the uppercase letter “I”.
R410.6 Visual Character Height
Height to finish surface from
baseline of character
Horizontal viewing
distance
Minimum character height
40 inches (1015 mm) to less than or equal to 70 inches (1780 mm)
Less than 72 inches (1830 mm)
5/8 inch (16 mm).
40 inches (1015 mm) to less than or equal to 70 inches (1780 mm)
72 inches (1830 mm) and greater
5/8 inch (16 mm), plus
inch (3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing distance above 72 inches (1830 mm).
Greater than 70 inches (1780 mm) to less than or equal to 120 inches (3050 mm)
Less than 180 inches (4570 mm)
2 inches (51 mm).
Greater than 70 inches (1780 mm) to less than or equal to 120 inches (3050 mm)
180 inches (4570 mm) and greater
2 inches (51 mm), plus
inch (3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing distance above 180 inches (4570 mm).
Greater than 120 inches (3050 mm)
Less than 21 feet (6400 mm)
3 inches (75 mm).
Greater than 120 inches (3050 mm)
21 feet (6400 mm) and greater
3 inches (75 mm), plus
inch (3.2 mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing distance above 21 feet (6400 mm).
R410.7
Stroke Thickness.
Stroke thickness of the uppercase letter “I” shall be 10 percent minimum and 30 percent maximum of the height of the character.
R410.8
Character Spacing.
Character spacing shall be measured between the two closest points of adjacent characters, excluding word spaces. Spacing between individual characters shall be 10 percent minimum and 35 percent maximum of character height.
R410.9
Line Spacing.
Spacing between the baselines of separate lines of characters within a message shall be 135 percent minimum and 170 percent maximum of the character height.
R410.10
Height from Ground Surface.
Visual characters shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum above the ground surface.
R411 International Symbol of Accessibility
R411.1
General.
The International Symbol of Accessibility shall comply with R411 and Figure R411.
R411.2
Finish and Contrast.
The symbol and its background shall have a non-glare finish. The symbol shall contrast with its background with either a light symbol on a dark background or a dark symbol on a light background.
Figure R411—International Symbol of Accessibility
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