Property
Expected Type
Description
Properties from
EducationalOccupationalCredential
competencyRequired
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
Knowledge, skill, ability or personal attribute that must be demonstrated by a person or other entity in order to do something such as earn an Educational Occupational Credential or understand a LearningResource.
educationalLevel
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
The level in terms of progression through an educational or training context. Examples of educational levels include 'beginner', 'intermediate' or 'advanced', and formal sets of level indicators.
Properties from
Credential
credentialCategory
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
The category or type of credential being described, for example "degree”, “certificate”, “badge”, or more specific term.
recognizedBy
Organization
An organization that acknowledges the validity, value or utility of a credential. Note: recognition may include a process of quality assurance or accreditation.
validFor
Duration
The duration of validity of a permit or similar thing.
validIn
AdministrativeArea
The geographic area where the item is valid. Applies for example to a
Permit
, a
Certification
, or an
EducationalOccupationalCredential
Properties from
CreativeWork
about
Thing
The subject matter of an object.
Inverse property:
subjectOf
abstract
Text
An abstract is a short description that summarizes a
CreativeWork
accessMode
Text
The human sensory perceptual system or cognitive faculty through which a person may process or perceive the intellectual content of a resource, not including any adaptations of the content (e.g., text alternatives for images). Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessModeSufficient
ItemList
A list of single or combined access modes that are sufficient to understand all the intellectual content of a resource, including any adaptations. Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessibilityAPI
Text
Indicates that the resource is compatible with the referenced accessibility API. Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessibilityControl
Text
Identifies input methods that are sufficient to fully control the described resource. Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessibilityFeature
Text
Content features of the resource, such as accessible media, alternatives and supported enhancements for accessibility. Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessibilityHazard
Text
A characteristic of the described resource that is physiologically dangerous to some users. Related to WCAG 2.0 guideline 2.3. Values should be drawn from the
approved vocabulary
accessibilitySummary
Text
A human-readable summary of specific accessibility features or deficiencies, consistent with the other accessibility metadata but expressing subtleties such as "short descriptions are present but long descriptions will be needed for non-visual users" or "short descriptions are present and no long descriptions are needed".
accountablePerson
Person
Specifies the Person that is legally accountable for the CreativeWork.
acquireLicensePage
CreativeWork
or
URL
Indicates a page documenting how licenses can be purchased or otherwise acquired, for the current item.
aggregateRating
AggregateRating
The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item.
alternativeHeadline
Text
A secondary title of the CreativeWork.
archivedAt
URL
or
WebPage
Indicates a page or other link involved in archival of a
CreativeWork
. In the case of
MediaReview
, the items in a
MediaReviewItem
may often become inaccessible, but be archived by archival, journalistic, activist, or law enforcement organizations. In such cases, the referenced page may not directly publish the content.
assesses
DefinedTerm
or
Text
The item being described is intended to assess the competency or learning outcome defined by the referenced term.
associatedMedia
MediaObject
A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for encoding.
audience
Audience
An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created.
Supersedes
serviceAudience
audio
AudioObject
or
Clip
or
MusicRecording
An embedded audio object.
author
Organization
or
Person
The author of this content or rating. Please note that author is special in that HTML 5 provides a special mechanism for indicating authorship via the rel tag. That is equivalent to this and may be used interchangeably.
award
Text
An award won by or for this item.
Supersedes
awards
character
Person
Fictional person connected with a creative work.
citation
CreativeWork
or
Text
A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.
comment
Comment
Comments, typically from users.
commentCount
Integer
The number of comments this CreativeWork (e.g. Article, Question or Answer) has received. This is most applicable to works published in Web sites with commenting system; additional comments may exist elsewhere.
conditionsOfAccess
Text
Conditions that affect the availability of, or method(s) of access to, an item. Typically used for real world items such as an
ArchiveComponent
held by an
ArchiveOrganization
. This property is not suitable for use as a general Web access control mechanism. It is expressed only in natural language.
For example "Available by appointment from the Reading Room" or "Accessible only from logged-in accounts ".
contentLocation
Place
The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the location in a photograph or painting.
contentRating
Rating
or
Text
Official rating of a piece of content—for example, 'MPAA PG-13'.
contentReferenceTime
DateTime
The specific time described by a creative work, for works (e.g. articles, video objects etc.) that emphasise a particular moment within an Event.
contributor
Organization
or
Person
A secondary contributor to the CreativeWork or Event.
copyrightHolder
Organization
or
Person
The party holding the legal copyright to the CreativeWork.
copyrightNotice
Text
Text of a notice appropriate for describing the copyright aspects of this Creative Work, ideally indicating the owner of the copyright for the Work.
copyrightYear
Number
The year during which the claimed copyright for the CreativeWork was first asserted.
correction
CorrectionComment
or
Text
or
URL
Indicates a correction to a
CreativeWork
, either via a
CorrectionComment
, textually or in another document.
countryOfOrigin
Country
The country of origin of something, including products as well as creative works such as movie and TV content.
In the case of TV and movie, this would be the country of the principle offices of the production company or individual responsible for the movie. For other kinds of
CreativeWork
it is difficult to provide fully general guidance, and properties such as
contentLocation
and
locationCreated
may be more applicable.
In the case of products, the country of origin of the product. The exact interpretation of this may vary by context and product type, and cannot be fully enumerated here.
creativeWorkStatus
DefinedTerm
or
Text
The status of a creative work in terms of its stage in a lifecycle. Example terms include Incomplete, Draft, Published, Obsolete. Some organizations define a set of terms for the stages of their publication lifecycle.
creator
Organization
or
Person
The creator/author of this CreativeWork. This is the same as the Author property for CreativeWork.
creditText
Text
Text that can be used to credit person(s) and/or organization(s) associated with a published Creative Work.
dateCreated
Date
or
DateTime
The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added to a DataFeed.
dateModified
Date
or
DateTime
The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when the item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
datePublished
Date
or
DateTime
Date of first publication or broadcast. For example the date a
CreativeWork
was broadcast or a
Certification
was issued.
digitalSourceType
IPTCDigitalSourceEnumeration
Indicates an IPTCDigitalSourceEnumeration code indicating the nature of the digital source(s) for some
CreativeWork
discussionUrl
URL
A link to the page containing the comments of the CreativeWork.
displayLocation
Place
The location at which an item can be viewed or experienced in-person.
editEIDR
Text
or
URL
An
EIDR
(Entertainment Identifier Registry)
identifier
representing a specific edit / edition for a work of film or television.
For example, the motion picture known as "Ghostbusters" whose
titleEIDR
is "10.5240/7EC7-228A-510A-053E-CBB8-J" has several edits, e.g. "10.5240/1F2A-E1C5-680A-14C6-E76B-I" and "10.5240/8A35-3BEE-6497-5D12-9E4F-3".
Since schema.org types like
Movie
and
TVEpisode
can be used for both works and their multiple expressions, it is possible to use
titleEIDR
alone (for a general description), or alongside
editEIDR
for a more edit-specific description.
editor
Person
Specifies the Person who edited the CreativeWork.
educationalAlignment
AlignmentObject
An alignment to an established educational framework.
This property should not be used where the nature of the alignment can be described using a simple property, for example to express that a resource
teaches
or
assesses
a competency.
educationalLevel
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
The level in terms of progression through an educational or training context. Examples of educational levels include 'beginner', 'intermediate' or 'advanced', and formal sets of level indicators.
educationalUse
DefinedTerm
or
Text
The purpose of a work in the context of education; for example, 'assignment', 'group work'.
encoding
MediaObject
A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for associatedMedia.
Supersedes
encodings
Inverse property:
encodesCreativeWork
encodingFormat
Text
or
URL
Media type typically expressed using a MIME format (see
IANA site
and
MDN reference
), e.g. application/zip for a SoftwareApplication binary, audio/mpeg for .mp3 etc.
In cases where a
CreativeWork
has several media type representations,
encoding
can be used to indicate each
MediaObject
alongside particular
encodingFormat
information.
Unregistered or niche encoding and file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia/Wikidata entry.
Supersedes
fileFormat
exampleOfWork
CreativeWork
A creative work that this work is an example/instance/realization/derivation of.
Inverse property:
workExample
expires
Date
or
DateTime
Date the content expires and is no longer useful or available. For example a
VideoObject
or
NewsArticle
whose availability or relevance is time-limited, a
ClaimReview
fact check whose publisher wants to indicate that it may no longer be relevant (or helpful to highlight) after some date, or a
Certification
the validity has expired.
funder
Organization
or
Person
A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution.
funding
Grant
Grant
that directly or indirectly provide funding or sponsorship for this item. See also
ownershipFundingInfo
Inverse property:
fundedItem
genre
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
Genre of the creative work, broadcast channel or group.
hasPart
CreativeWork
Indicates an item or CreativeWork that is part of this item, or CreativeWork (in some sense).
Inverse property:
isPartOf
headline
Text
Headline of the article.
inLanguage
Language
or
Text
The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please use one of the language codes from the
IETF BCP 47 standard
. See also
availableLanguage
Supersedes
language
interactionStatistic
InteractionCounter
The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter should be used.
Supersedes
interactionCount
interactivityType
Text
The predominant mode of learning supported by the learning resource. Acceptable values are 'active', 'expositive', or 'mixed'.
interpretedAsClaim
Claim
Used to indicate a specific claim contained, implied, translated or refined from the content of a
MediaObject
or other
CreativeWork
. The interpreting party can be indicated using
claimInterpreter
isAccessibleForFree
Boolean
A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free.
Supersedes
free
isBasedOn
CreativeWork
or
Product
or
URL
A resource from which this work is derived or from which it is a modification or adaptation.
Supersedes
isBasedOnUrl
isFamilyFriendly
Boolean
Indicates whether this content is family friendly.
isPartOf
CreativeWork
or
URL
Indicates an item or CreativeWork that this item, or CreativeWork (in some sense), is part of.
Inverse property:
hasPart
keywords
DefinedTerm
or
Text
or
URL
Keywords or tags used to describe some item. Multiple textual entries in a keywords list are typically delimited by commas, or by repeating the property.
learningResourceType
DefinedTerm
or
Text
The predominant type or kind characterizing the learning resource. For example, 'presentation', 'handout'.
license
CreativeWork
or
URL
A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL.
locationCreated
Place
The location where the CreativeWork was created, which may not be the same as the location depicted in the CreativeWork.
mainEntity
Thing
Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other CreativeWork.
Inverse property:
mainEntityOfPage
maintainer
Organization
or
Person
A maintainer of a
Dataset
, software package (
SoftwareApplication
), or other
Project
. A maintainer is a
Person
or
Organization
that manages contributions to, and/or publication of, some (typically complex) artifact. It is common for distributions of software and data to be based on "upstream" sources. When
maintainer
is applied to a specific version of something e.g. a particular version or packaging of a
Dataset
, it is always possible that the upstream source has a different maintainer. The
isBasedOn
property can be used to indicate such relationships between datasets to make the different maintenance roles clear. Similarly in the case of software, a package may have dedicated maintainers working on integration into software distributions such as Ubuntu, as well as upstream maintainers of the underlying work.
material
Product
or
Text
or
URL
A material that something is made from, e.g. leather, wool, cotton, paper.
materialExtent
QuantitativeValue
or
Text
The quantity of the materials being described or an expression of the physical space they occupy.
mentions
Thing
Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not necessarily about a concept.
offers
Demand
or
Offer
An offer to provide this item—for example, an offer to sell a product, rent the DVD of a movie, perform a service, or give away tickets to an event. Use
businessFunction
to indicate the kind of transaction offered, i.e. sell, lease, etc. This property can also be used to describe a
Demand
. While this property is listed as expected on a number of common types, it can be used in others. In that case, using a second type, such as Product or a subtype of Product, can clarify the nature of the offer.
Inverse property:
itemOffered
pattern
DefinedTerm
or
Text
A pattern that something has, for example 'polka dot', 'striped', 'Canadian flag'. Values are typically expressed as text, although links to controlled value schemes are also supported.
position
Integer
or
Text
The position of an item in a series or sequence of items.
producer
Organization
or
Person
The person or organization who produced the work (e.g. music album, movie, TV/radio series etc.).
provider
Organization
or
Person
The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller.
Supersedes
carrier
publication
PublicationEvent
A publication event associated with the item.
publisher
Organization
or
Person
The publisher of the article in question.
publisherImprint
Organization
The publishing division which published the comic.
publishingPrinciples
CreativeWork
or
URL
The publishingPrinciples property indicates (typically via
URL
) a document describing the editorial principles of an
Organization
(or individual, e.g. a
Person
writing a blog) that relate to their activities as a publisher, e.g. ethics or diversity policies. When applied to a
CreativeWork
(e.g.
NewsArticle
) the principles are those of the party primarily responsible for the creation of the
CreativeWork
While such policies are most typically expressed in natural language, sometimes related information (e.g. indicating a
funder
) can be expressed using schema.org terminology.
recordedAt
Event
The Event where the CreativeWork was recorded. The CreativeWork may capture all or part of the event.
Inverse property:
recordedIn
releasedEvent
PublicationEvent
The place and time the release was issued, expressed as a PublicationEvent.
review
Review
A review of the item.
Supersedes
reviews
schemaVersion
Text
or
URL
Indicates (by URL or string) a particular version of a schema used in some CreativeWork. This property was created primarily to
indicate the use of a specific schema.org release, e.g.
10.0
as a simple string, or more explicitly via URL,
. There may be situations in which other schemas might usefully be referenced this way, e.g.
but this has not been carefully explored in the community.
sdDatePublished
Date
Indicates the date on which the current structured data was generated / published. Typically used alongside
sdPublisher
sdLicense
CreativeWork
or
URL
A license document that applies to this structured data, typically indicated by URL.
sdPublisher
Organization
or
Person
Indicates the party responsible for generating and publishing the current structured data markup, typically in cases where the structured data is derived automatically from existing published content but published on a different site. For example, student projects and open data initiatives often re-publish existing content with more explicitly structured metadata. The
sdPublisher
property helps make such practices more explicit.
size
DefinedTerm
or
QuantitativeValue
or
SizeSpecification
or
Text
A standardized size of a product or creative work, specified either through a simple textual string (for example 'XL', '32Wx34L'), a QuantitativeValue with a unitCode, or a comprehensive and structured
SizeSpecification
; in other cases, the
width
height
depth
and
weight
properties may be more applicable.
sourceOrganization
Organization
The Organization on whose behalf the creator was working.
spatial
Place
The "spatial" property can be used in cases when more specific properties
(e.g.
locationCreated
spatialCoverage
contentLocation
) are not known to be appropriate.
spatialCoverage
Place
The spatialCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the place(s) which are the focus of the content. It is a subproperty of
contentLocation intended primarily for more technical and detailed materials. For example with a Dataset, it indicates
areas that the dataset describes: a dataset of New York weather would have spatialCoverage which was the place: the state of New York.
sponsor
Organization
or
Person
A person or organization that supports a thing through a pledge, promise, or financial contribution. E.g. a sponsor of a Medical Study or a corporate sponsor of an event.
teaches
DefinedTerm
or
Text
The item being described is intended to help a person learn the competency or learning outcome defined by the referenced term.
temporal
DateTime
or
Text
The "temporal" property can be used in cases where more specific properties
(e.g.
temporalCoverage
dateCreated
dateModified
datePublished
) are not known to be appropriate.
temporalCoverage
DateTime
or
Text
or
URL
The temporalCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the period that the content applies to, i.e. that it describes, either as a DateTime or as a textual string indicating a time period in
ISO 8601 time interval format
. In
the case of a Dataset it will typically indicate the relevant time period in a precise notation (e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 would be written "2011/2012"). Other forms of content, e.g. ScholarlyArticle, Book, TVSeries or TVEpisode, may indicate their temporalCoverage in broader terms - textually or via well-known URL.
Written works such as books may sometimes have precise temporal coverage too, e.g. a work set in 1939 - 1945 can be indicated in ISO 8601 interval format format via "1939/1945".
Open-ended date ranges can be written with ".." in place of the end date. For example, "2015-11/.." indicates a range beginning in November 2015 and with no specified final date. This is tentative and might be updated in future when ISO 8601 is officially updated.
Supersedes
datasetTimeInterval
text
Text
The textual content of this CreativeWork.
thumbnail
ImageObject
Thumbnail image for an image or video.
thumbnailUrl
URL
A thumbnail image relevant to the Thing.
timeRequired
Duration
Approximate or typical time it usually takes to work with or through the content of this work for the typical or target audience.
translationOfWork
CreativeWork
The work that this work has been translated from. E.g. 物种起源 is a translationOf “On the Origin of Species”.
Inverse property:
workTranslation
translator
Organization
or
Person
Organization or person who adapts a creative work to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target market, or that translates during some event.
typicalAgeRange
Text
The typical expected age range, e.g. '7-9', '11-'.
usageInfo
CreativeWork
or
URL
The schema.org
usageInfo
property indicates further information about a
CreativeWork
. This property is applicable both to works that are freely available and to those that require payment or other transactions. It can reference additional information, e.g. community expectations on preferred linking and citation conventions, as well as purchasing details. For something that can be commercially licensed, usageInfo can provide detailed, resource-specific information about licensing options.
This property can be used alongside the license property which indicates license(s) applicable to some piece of content. The usageInfo property can provide information about other licensing options, e.g. acquiring commercial usage rights for an image that is also available under non-commercial creative commons licenses.
version
Number
or
Text
The version of the CreativeWork embodied by a specified resource.
video
Clip
or
VideoObject
An embedded video object.
wordCount
Integer
The number of words in the text of the CreativeWork such as an Article, Book, etc.
workExample
CreativeWork
Example/instance/realization/derivation of the concept of this creative work. E.g. the paperback edition, first edition, or e-book.
Inverse property:
exampleOfWork
workTranslation
CreativeWork
A work that is a translation of the content of this work. E.g. 西遊記 has an English workTranslation “Journey to the West”, a German workTranslation “Monkeys Pilgerfahrt” and a Vietnamese translation Tây du ký bình khảo.
Inverse property:
translationOfWork
Properties from
Thing
additionalType
Text
or
URL
An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the
use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org
style guide
alternateName
Text
An alias for the item.
description
Text
or
TextObject
A description of the item.
disambiguatingDescription
Text
A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
identifier
PropertyValue
or
Text
or
URL
The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of
Thing
, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See
background notes
for more details.
image
ImageObject
or
URL
An image of the item. This can be a
URL
or a fully described
ImageObject
mainEntityOfPage
CreativeWork
or
URL
Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See
background notes
for details.
Inverse property:
mainEntity
name
Text
The name of the item.
owner
Organization
or
Person
A person or organization who owns this Thing.
Inverse property:
owns
potentialAction
Action
Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
sameAs
URL
URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.
subjectOf
CreativeWork
or
Event
A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.
Inverse property:
about
url
URL
URL of the item.