Employment Situation News Release
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Employment Situation News Release
Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-0582
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 2, 2021
Technical information:
Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2021
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 916,000 in March, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 6.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These
improvements in the labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity
that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Job growth was
widespread in March, led by gains in leisure and hospitality, public and private
education, and construction.
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate edged down to 6.0 percent in March. The rate is down considerably
from its recent high in April 2020 but is 2.5 percentage points higher than its pre-
pandemic level in February 2020. The number of unemployed persons, at 9.7 million,
continued to trend down in March but is 4.0 million higher than in February 2020. (See
table A-1. See the box note at the end of this news release for more information about
how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians rose to 6.0 percent in
March, following a decline in the previous month. The jobless rate for Hispanics edged
down to 7.9 percent over the month, while the rates for adult men (5.8 percent), adult
women (5.7 percent), teenagers (13.0 percent), Whites (5.4 percent), and Blacks (9.6
percent) changed little. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff declined by 203,000 in
March to 2.0 million. This measure is down considerably from the recent high of 18.0
million in April 2020 but is 1.3 million higher than in February 2020. The number of
permanent job losers, at 3.4 million, was little changed in March but is 2.1 million
higher than February 2020. (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.2 million,
changed little over the month but is up by 3.1 million since February 2020. In March,
these long-term unemployed accounted for 43.4 percent of the total unemployed. The
number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks declined by 313,000 to 1.9 million. The number
of persons jobless less than 5 weeks, at 2.2 million, was essentially unchanged over
the month. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate changed little at 61.5 percent in March. This
measure is 1.8 percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population
ratio, at 57.8 percent, was up by 0.2 percentage point over the month but is 3.3
percentage points lower than in February 2020. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 5.8 million, changed
little in March but is 1.4 million higher than in February 2020. These individuals, who
would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours
had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was about
unchanged at 6.9 million in March but is up by 1.8 million since February 2020. These
individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for
work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons
marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, was essentially unchanged in
March but is up by 416,000 since February 2020. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was
523,000 in March, essentially unchanged from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In March, 21.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 22.7 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who
teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically
because of the pandemic.
In March, 11.4 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all
or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure
is down from 13.3 million in the previous month. Among those who reported in March that
they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 10.2
percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little
changed from the previous month.
Among those not in the labor force in March, 3.7 million persons were prevented from
looking for work due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 4.2 million the month
before. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively
looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May
2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not
seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months
are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 916,000 in March but is down by 8.4 million,
or 5.5 percent, from its pre-pandemic peak in February 2020. Job growth in March was
widespread, with the largest gains occurring in leisure and hospitality, public and
private education, and construction. (See table B-1. See the box note at the end of this
news release for more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were
affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)
In March, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 280,000, as pandemic-related
restrictions eased in many parts of the country. Nearly two-thirds of the increase was in
food services and drinking places (+176,000). Job gains also occurred in arts,
entertainment, and recreation (+64,000) and in accommodation (+40,000). Employment in
leisure and hospitality is down by 3.1 million, or 18.5 percent, since February 2020.
In March, employment increased in both public and private education, reflecting the
continued resumption of in-person learning and other school-related activities in many
parts of the country. Employment rose by 76,000 in local government education, by 50,000
in state government education, and by 64,000 in private education. Employment is down
from February 2020 in local government education (-594,000), state government education
(-270,000), and private education (-310,000).
Construction added 110,000 jobs in March, following job losses in the previous month
(-56,000) that were likely weather-related. Employment growth in the industry was
widespread in March, with gains of 65,000 in specialty trade contractors, 27,000 in heavy
and civil engineering construction, and 18,000 in construction of buildings. Employment
in construction is 182,000 below its February 2020 level.
Employment in professional and business services rose by 66,000 over the month but is
down by 685,000 since February 2020. In March, employment in administrative and support
services continued to trend up (+37,000), although employment in its temporary help
services component was essentially unchanged. Employment also continued on an upward
trend in management and technical consulting services (+8,000) and in computer systems
design and related services (+6,000).
Manufacturing employment rose by 53,000 in March, with job gains occurring in both
durable goods (+30,000) and nondurable goods (+23,000). Employment in manufacturing is
down by 515,000 since February 2020.
Transportation and warehousing added 48,000 jobs in March. Employment increased in
couriers and messengers (+17,000), transit and ground passenger transportation (+13,000),
support activities for transportation (+6,000), and air transportation (+6,000). Since
February 2020, employment in couriers and messengers is up by 206,000 (or 23.3 percent),
while employment is down by 112,000 (or 22.8 percent) in transit and ground passenger
transportation and by 104,000 (or 20.1 percent) in air transportation.
Employment in the other services industry increased by 42,000 over the month, reflecting
job gains in personal and laundry services (+19,000) and in repair and maintenance
(+18,000). Employment in other services is down by 396,000 since February 2020.
Social assistance added 25,000 jobs in March, mostly in individual and family services
(+20,000). Employment in social assistance is 306,000 lower than in February 2020.
Employment in wholesale trade increased by 24,000 in March, with job gains in both
durable goods (+14,000) and nondurable goods (+10,000). Employment in wholesale trade is
234,000 lower than in February 2020.
Retail trade added 23,000 jobs in March. Job growth in clothing and clothing accessories
stores (+16,000), motor vehicle and parts dealers (+13,000), and furniture and home
furnishing stores (+6,000) was partially offset by losses in building material and garden
supply stores (-9,000) and general merchandise stores (-7,000). Employment in retail
trade is 381,000 below its February 2020 level.
Employment in mining rose by 21,000 in March, largely in support activities for mining
(+19,000). Mining employment is down by 130,000 since a peak in January 2019.
Financial activities added 16,000 jobs in March. Job gains in insurance carriers and
related activities (+11,000) and real estate (+10,000) more than offset losses in credit
intermediation and related activities (-7,000). Financial activities has 87,000 fewer
jobs than in February 2020.
Employment in health care and information changed little in March.
In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by
4 cents to $29.96. Average hourly earnings for private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees, at $25.21, changed little (+2 cents). The large employment
fluctuations over the past year--especially in industries with lower-paid workers--
complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3
and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour
to 34.9 hours in March, following a decline of 0.4 hour in the prior month. In
manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours over the month, and
overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 hour to 34.3 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised up by 67,000, from
+166,000 to +233,000, and the change for February was revised up by 89,000, from +379,000
to +468,000. With these revisions, employment in January and February combined was 156,000
higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports
received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and
from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 7, 2021,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on March 2021 |
| Household and Establishment Survey Data |
| |
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment |
| survey, more data continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the |
| pandemic. In the household survey, for the safety of both interviewers and |
| respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could |
| not be done. |
| |
| As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed |
| but not at work. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was |
| highest in the early months of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent |
| months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of what the unemployment rate |
| might have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. |
| Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in March 2021 |
| would have been 0.4 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents |
| the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size |
| of the misclassification error. |
| |
| More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-march-2021.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Change from:
Feb.
2021-
Mar.
2021
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population
259,758
260,851
260,918
261,003
85
Civilian labor force
162,721
160,161
160,211
160,558
347
Participation rate
62.6
61.4
61.4
61.5
0.1
Employed
155,536
150,031
150,239
150,848
609
Employment-population ratio
59.9
57.5
57.6
57.8
0.2
Unemployed
7,185
10,130
9,972
9,710
-262
Unemployment rate
4.4
6.3
6.2
6.0
-0.2
Not in labor force
97,037
100,690
100,708
100,445
-263
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over
4.4
6.3
6.2
6.0
-0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)
4.1
6.0
6.0
5.8
-0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)
4.0
6.0
5.9
5.7
-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)
14.1
14.8
13.9
13.0
-0.9
White
3.9
5.7
5.6
5.4
-0.2
Black or African American
6.8
9.2
9.9
9.6
-0.3
Asian
4.1
6.6
5.1
6.0
0.9
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
6.0
8.6
8.5
7.9
-0.6
Total, 25 years and over
3.5
5.7
5.6
5.3
-0.3
Less than a high school diploma
6.9
9.1
10.1
8.2
-1.9
High school graduates, no college
4.3
7.1
7.2
6.7
-0.5
Some college or associate degree
3.7
6.2
5.9
5.9
0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher
2.5
4.0
3.8
3.7
-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
4,198
6,997
6,586
6,226
-360
Job leavers
716
653
701
777
76
Reentrants
1,772
1,963
2,124
2,253
129
New entrants
526
542
582
497
-85
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks
3,424
2,278
2,185
2,177
-8
5 to 14 weeks
1,785
2,528
2,254
1,941
-313
15 to 26 weeks
784
1,346
1,407
1,391
-16
27 weeks and over
1,188
4,023
4,148
4,218
70
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons
5,787
5,954
6,088
5,826
-262
Slack work or business conditions
4,128
4,756
4,723
4,629
-94
Could only find part-time work
1,311
986
1,166
984
-182
Part time for noneconomic reasons
20,361
18,519
18,369
19,102
733
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force
1,442
1,917
1,890
1,853
-37
Discouraged workers
536
624
522
523
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm
-1,683
233
468
916
Total private
-1,622
122
558
780
Goods-producing
-188
-7
-44
183
Mining and logging
-16
-1
-6
20
Construction
-91
12
-56
110
Manufacturing
-81
-18
18
53
Durable goods
-46
-17
30
Motor vehicles and parts
-7.3
-6.4
-3.0
-1.0
Nondurable goods
-35
-1
23
Private service-providing
-1,434
129
602
597
Wholesale trade
-18.6
14.2
6.2
23.7
Retail trade
-126.2
18.5
28.0
22.5
Transportation and warehousing
-1.0
5.9
35.5
47.5
Utilities
-0.4
0.9
-0.1
0.3
Information
-16
13
-2
Financial activities
-25
-9
16
Professional and business services
-151
90
78
66
Temporary help services
-50.3
99.7
49.8
-0.8
Education and health services
-218
-14
57
101
Health care and social assistance
-136.1
-91.7
50.8
36.4
Leisure and hospitality
-782
-17
384
280
Other services
-95
11
19
42
Government
-61
111
-90
136
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm
-360
64
132
539
Total private
-375
69
135
487
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees
50.0
49.8
49.8
49.7
Total private women employees
48.6
48.4
48.5
48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees
82.1
81.4
81.5
81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours
34.1
35.0
34.6
34.9
Average hourly earnings
$28.74
$29.92
$30.00
$29.96
Average weekly earnings
$980.03
$1,047.20
$1,038.00
$1,045.60
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)
109.6
106.5
105.7
107.3
Over-the-month percent change
-2.1
1.0
-0.8
1.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)
150.6
152.3
151.6
153.7
Over-the-month percent change
-1.4
1.0
-0.5
1.4
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)
Total private (257 industries)
12.5
50.4
58.6
71.0
Manufacturing (75 industries)
15.3
46.0
60.7
74.0
Footnotes
(1)
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2)
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3)
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4)
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5)
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
259,758
260,918
261,003
259,758
261,085
261,230
260,851
260,918
261,003
Civilian labor force
162,537
160,008
160,397
162,721
160,536
160,567
160,161
160,211
160,558
Participation rate
62.6
61.3
61.5
62.6
61.5
61.5
61.4
61.4
61.5
Employed
155,167
149,522
150,493
155,536
149,809
149,830
150,031
150,239
150,848
Employment-population ratio
59.7
57.3
57.7
59.9
57.4
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.8
Unemployed
7,370
10,486
9,905
7,185
10,728
10,736
10,130
9,972
9,710
Unemployment rate
4.5
6.6
6.2
4.4
6.7
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
Not in labor force
97,221
100,910
100,606
97,037
100,548
100,663
100,690
100,708
100,445
Persons who currently want a job
5,215
6,902
6,576
5,490
7,127
7,331
6,957
6,933
6,850
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
125,639
126,224
126,266
125,639
126,296
126,367
126,192
126,224
126,266
Civilian labor force
85,914
84,754
84,728
86,113
85,161
85,175
85,149
85,061
84,917
Participation rate
68.4
67.1
67.1
68.5
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.3
Employed
81,794
78,855
79,188
82,302
79,267
79,481
79,714
79,666
79,681
Employment-population ratio
65.1
62.5
62.7
65.5
62.8
62.9
63.2
63.1
63.1
Unemployed
4,120
5,899
5,540
3,811
5,894
5,694
5,434
5,395
5,236
Unemployment rate
4.8
7.0
6.5
4.4
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.2
Not in labor force
39,725
41,470
41,538
39,526
41,135
41,192
41,043
41,163
41,349
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
117,254
117,902
117,949
117,254
117,936
118,010
117,864
117,902
117,949
Civilian labor force
83,174
81,978
81,992
83,171
82,226
82,244
82,173
82,095
81,978
Participation rate
70.9
69.5
69.5
70.9
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.6
69.5
Employed
79,448
76,568
76,872
79,785
76,777
77,004
77,204
77,193
77,194
Employment-population ratio
67.8
64.9
65.2
68.0
65.1
65.3
65.5
65.5
65.4
Unemployed
3,726
5,410
5,120
3,385
5,449
5,240
4,969
4,902
4,784
Unemployment rate
4.5
6.6
6.2
4.1
6.6
6.4
6.0
6.0
5.8
Not in labor force
34,080
35,924
35,957
34,083
35,710
35,767
35,691
35,807
35,972
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
134,119
134,694
134,737
134,119
134,788
134,862
134,660
134,694
134,737
Civilian labor force
76,623
75,254
75,670
76,608
75,376
75,392
75,012
75,149
75,641
Participation rate
57.1
55.9
56.2
57.1
55.9
55.9
55.7
55.8
56.1
Employed
73,373
70,667
71,305
73,234
70,542
70,350
70,316
70,572
71,167
Employment-population ratio
54.7
52.5
52.9
54.6
52.3
52.2
52.2
52.4
52.8
Unemployed
3,250
4,587
4,365
3,374
4,834
5,042
4,696
4,577
4,474
Unemployment rate
4.2
6.1
5.8
4.4
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.1
5.9
Not in labor force
57,496
59,440
59,067
57,511
59,413
59,471
59,648
59,545
59,096
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
125,915
126,546
126,594
125,915
126,604
126,681
126,507
126,546
126,594
Civilian labor force
73,789
72,445
72,818
73,657
72,395
72,422
72,147
72,173
72,668
Participation rate
58.6
57.2
57.5
58.5
57.2
57.2
57.0
57.0
57.4
Employed
70,908
68,163
68,730
70,691
67,941
67,872
67,851
67,928
68,513
Employment-population ratio
56.3
53.9
54.3
56.1
53.7
53.6
53.6
53.7
54.1
Unemployed
2,881
4,283
4,088
2,966
4,453
4,551
4,296
4,245
4,155
Unemployment rate
3.9
5.9
5.6
4.0
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.7
Not in labor force
52,126
54,101
53,775
52,258
54,209
54,259
54,360
54,373
53,926
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
16,590
16,470
16,460
16,590
16,545
16,538
16,481
16,470
16,460
Civilian labor force
5,574
5,585
5,587
5,894
5,915
5,900
5,841
5,942
5,913
Participation rate
33.6
33.9
33.9
35.5
35.8
35.7
35.4
36.1
35.9
Employed
4,811
4,792
4,890
5,060
5,091
4,955
4,975
5,118
5,142
Employment-population ratio
29.0
29.1
29.7
30.5
30.8
30.0
30.2
31.1
31.2
Unemployed
763
793
697
834
825
946
865
825
771
Unemployment rate
13.7
14.2
12.5
14.1
13.9
16.0
14.8
13.9
13.0
Not in labor force
11,015
10,885
10,873
10,696
10,630
10,638
10,640
10,528
10,547
Footnotes
(1)
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
201,023
201,606
201,642
201,023
201,685
201,749
201,588
201,606
201,642
Civilian labor force
125,761
123,680
123,768
125,803
124,038
124,208
123,727
123,737
123,819
Participation rate
62.6
61.3
61.4
62.6
61.5
61.6
61.4
61.4
61.4
Employed
120,660
116,369
116,981
120,840
116,665
116,703
116,699
116,859
117,166
Employment-population ratio
60.0
57.7
58.0
60.1
57.8
57.8
57.9
58.0
58.1
Unemployed
5,101
7,312
6,787
4,963
7,373
7,505
7,027
6,878
6,653
Unemployment rate
4.1
5.9
5.5
3.9
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.4
Not in labor force
75,261
77,926
77,874
75,220
77,647
77,541
77,862
77,869
77,823
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
65,501
64,441
64,348
65,420
64,648
64,593
64,550
64,434
64,289
Participation rate
71.1
69.7
69.6
71.0
69.9
69.8
69.8
69.7
69.5
Employed
62,842
60,565
60,753
63,012
60,844
60,872
60,988
60,989
60,935
Employment-population ratio
68.2
65.5
65.7
68.4
65.8
65.8
66.0
66.0
65.9
Unemployed
2,659
3,875
3,596
2,407
3,804
3,721
3,561
3,446
3,353
Unemployment rate
4.1
6.0
5.6
3.7
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
55,894
54,824
55,040
55,777
54,717
54,980
54,529
54,599
54,911
Participation rate
57.8
56.5
56.7
57.7
56.4
56.6
56.2
56.3
56.6
Employed
53,974
51,985
52,340
53,789
51,765
51,871
51,739
51,782
52,155
Employment-population ratio
55.8
53.6
53.9
55.6
53.3
53.4
53.3
53.4
53.7
Unemployed
1,921
2,838
2,699
1,988
2,953
3,109
2,790
2,817
2,756
Unemployment rate
3.4
5.2
4.9
3.6
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.2
5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
4,366
4,416
4,380
4,606
4,673
4,635
4,648
4,704
4,619
Participation rate
35.9
36.5
36.3
37.8
38.5
38.2
38.4
38.9
38.2
Employed
3,844
3,818
3,888
4,038
4,056
3,960
3,972
4,088
4,076
Employment-population ratio
31.6
31.6
32.2
33.2
33.4
32.7
32.8
33.8
33.7
Unemployed
521
598
492
568
616
675
676
616
543
Unemployment rate
11.9
13.5
11.2
12.3
13.2
14.6
14.5
13.1
11.8
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population
33,238
33,511
33,530
33,238
33,486
33,516
33,493
33,511
33,530
Civilian labor force
20,455
20,041
20,283
20,558
20,165
20,055
20,189
20,154
20,362
Participation rate
61.5
59.8
60.5
61.8
60.2
59.8
60.3
60.1
60.7
Employed
19,018
17,989
18,281
19,164
18,087
18,061
18,323
18,159
18,412
Employment-population ratio
57.2
53.7
54.5
57.7
54.0
53.9
54.7
54.2
54.9
Unemployed
1,438
2,052
2,002
1,394
2,077
1,994
1,866
1,995
1,951
Unemployment rate
7.0
10.2
9.9
6.8
10.3
9.9
9.2
9.9
9.6
Not in labor force
12,783
13,470
13,247
12,680
13,321
13,461
13,305
13,357
13,168
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
9,404
9,278
9,394
9,450
9,217
9,222
9,348
9,340
9,430
Participation rate
67.2
65.6
66.3
67.5
65.2
65.2
66.1
66.0
66.6
Employed
8,691
8,261
8,406
8,798
8,184
8,265
8,468
8,383
8,501
Employment-population ratio
62.1
58.4
59.4
62.9
57.9
58.4
59.9
59.2
60.0
Unemployed
713
1,017
988
652
1,033
956
880
957
928
Unemployment rate
7.6
11.0
10.5
6.9
11.2
10.4
9.4
10.2
9.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
10,363
10,120
10,197
10,359
10,242
10,088
10,138
10,127
10,181
Participation rate
61.6
59.7
60.1
61.6
60.4
59.5
59.8
59.7
60.0
Employed
9,806
9,201
9,296
9,806
9,320
9,238
9,274
9,225
9,294
Employment-population ratio
58.3
54.2
54.8
58.3
55.0
54.5
54.7
54.4
54.8
Unemployed
558
919
902
553
921
849
864
902
887
Unemployment rate
5.4
9.1
8.8
5.3
9.0
8.4
8.5
8.9
8.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
687
643
691
748
706
746
703
687
752
Participation rate
28.3
26.8
28.9
30.8
29.3
31.0
29.3
28.7
31.4
Employed
521
527
579
560
583
558
581
551
616
Employment-population ratio
21.4
22.0
24.2
23.0
24.2
23.2
24.2
23.0
25.7
Unemployed
167
116
112
189
123
188
122
136
136
Unemployment rate
24.2
18.0
16.2
25.2
17.4
25.2
17.3
19.8
18.1
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population
16,419
16,588
16,532
16,419
16,558
16,583
16,423
16,588
16,532
Civilian labor force
10,486
10,404
10,433
10,473
10,380
10,253
10,317
10,315
10,422
Participation rate
63.9
62.7
63.1
63.8
62.7
61.8
62.8
62.2
63.0
Employed
10,058
9,873
9,817
10,040
9,685
9,645
9,631
9,792
9,799
Employment-population ratio
61.3
59.5
59.4
61.1
58.5
58.2
58.6
59.0
59.3
Unemployed
428
532
616
434
695
608
686
523
623
Unemployment rate
4.1
5.1
5.9
4.1
6.7
5.9
6.6
5.1
6.0
Not in labor force
5,932
6,184
6,099
5,945
6,179
6,329
6,106
6,273
6,110
Footnotes
(1)
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population
43,895
44,587
44,651
43,895
44,559
44,639
44,521
44,587
44,651
Civilian labor force
29,372
29,145
29,232
29,402
29,152
29,150
28,920
29,174
29,273
Participation rate
66.9
65.4
65.5
67.0
65.4
65.3
65.0
65.4
65.6
Employed
27,531
26,527
26,848
27,645
26,688
26,436
26,437
26,701
26,975
Employment-population ratio
62.7
59.5
60.1
63.0
59.9
59.2
59.4
59.9
60.4
Unemployed
1,841
2,619
2,384
1,757
2,463
2,714
2,482
2,473
2,298
Unemployment rate
6.3
9.0
8.2
6.0
8.4
9.3
8.6
8.5
7.9
Not in labor force
14,523
15,442
15,418
14,493
15,407
15,489
15,601
15,413
15,378
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
15,836
15,924
16,033
15,806
15,951
15,856
15,789
15,952
16,007
Participation rate
79.9
79.1
79.5
79.8
79.3
78.6
78.5
79.2
79.3
Employed
14,943
14,557
14,733
15,006
14,700
14,462
14,578
14,727
14,804
Employment-population ratio
75.4
72.3
73.0
75.7
73.0
71.7
72.5
73.1
73.4
Unemployed
893
1,368
1,300
800
1,251
1,395
1,211
1,224
1,203
Unemployment rate
5.6
8.6
8.1
5.1
7.8
8.8
7.7
7.7
7.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
12,208
11,845
11,869
12,244
11,821
11,906
11,779
11,794
11,909
Participation rate
60.8
58.0
58.1
61.0
58.0
58.3
57.8
57.8
58.3
Employed
11,462
10,829
10,983
11,513
10,851
10,820
10,743
10,792
11,035
Employment-population ratio
57.1
53.0
53.7
57.3
53.2
52.9
52.7
52.9
54.0
Unemployed
746
1,016
886
731
970
1,086
1,036
1,002
874
Unemployment rate
6.1
8.6
7.5
6.0
8.2
9.1
8.8
8.5
7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
1,328
1,376
1,331
1,351
1,380
1,388
1,352
1,428
1,356
Participation rate
33.2
34.1
33.0
33.8
34.2
34.3
33.6
35.4
33.6
Employed
1,126
1,141
1,133
1,125
1,137
1,155
1,116
1,182
1,135
Employment-population ratio
28.1
28.3
28.1
28.1
28.2
28.6
27.7
29.3
28.2
Unemployed
202
235
198
226
243
234
236
247
221
Unemployment rate
15.2
17.0
14.9
16.7
17.6
16.8
17.4
17.3
16.3
Footnotes
(1)
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force
9,184
8,600
8,835
9,302
9,276
9,147
9,169
8,942
8,936
Participation rate
45.3
44.2
43.9
45.9
45.7
45.0
44.9
45.9
44.4
Employed
8,439
7,579
7,997
8,662
8,418
8,254
8,337
8,035
8,204
Employment-population ratio
41.6
38.9
39.8
42.7
41.4
40.7
40.8
41.2
40.8
Unemployed
745
1,021
838
640
858
893
832
907
731
Unemployment rate
8.1
11.9
9.5
6.9
9.2
9.8
9.1
10.1
8.2
High school graduates, no college
Civilian labor force
35,142
34,436
34,351
34,966
35,163
34,925
34,506
34,462
34,278
Participation rate
57.3
54.7
54.9
57.0
55.4
55.5
55.2
54.7
54.8
Employed
33,460
31,750
31,902
33,455
32,435
32,198
32,051
31,977
31,984
Employment-population ratio
54.6
50.4
51.0
54.6
51.1
51.1
51.3
50.8
51.1
Unemployed
1,682
2,686
2,449
1,510
2,728
2,726
2,455
2,485
2,295
Unemployment rate
4.8
7.8
7.1
4.3
7.8
7.8
7.1
7.2
6.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force
37,256
35,489
35,782
37,281
35,644
35,676
35,440
35,450
35,771
Participation rate
64.5
62.8
63.3
64.5
62.3
62.5
62.3
62.7
63.3
Employed
35,803
33,292
33,608
35,902
33,387
33,430
33,257
33,360
33,677
Employment-population ratio
62.0
58.9
59.5
62.1
58.4
58.6
58.4
59.0
59.6
Unemployed
1,453
2,197
2,174
1,379
2,257
2,246
2,183
2,089
2,094
Unemployment rate
3.9
6.2
6.1
3.7
6.3
6.3
6.2
5.9
5.9
Bachelor's degree and higher
Civilian labor force
60,888
61,437
61,316
60,470
59,620
59,940
60,391
60,744
60,835
Participation rate
73.5
72.6
72.6
72.9
72.2
71.9
72.2
71.8
72.0
Employed
59,405
59,092
59,086
58,979
57,095
57,665
57,969
58,417
58,612
Employment-population ratio
71.7
69.8
69.9
71.2
69.1
69.1
69.3
69.1
69.4
Unemployed
1,484
2,344
2,230
1,491
2,524
2,274
2,422
2,327
2,224
Unemployment rate
2.4
3.8
3.6
2.5
4.2
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
Footnotes
(1)
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2)
Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service
Total
Men
Women
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
18,578
18,914
16,678
16,905
1,900
2,009
Civilian labor force
9,072
8,995
7,974
7,820
1,098
1,176
Participation rate
48.8
47.6
47.8
46.3
57.8
58.5
Employed
8,703
8,544
7,653
7,403
1,051
1,141
Employment-population ratio
46.8
45.2
45.9
43.8
55.3
56.8
Unemployed
368
452
321
417
47
35
Unemployment rate
4.1
5.0
4.0
5.3
4.3
2.9
Not in labor force
9,506
9,919
8,704
9,085
802
833
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population
4,267
4,622
3,551
3,833
716
789
Civilian labor force
3,394
3,637
2,864
3,103
530
534
Participation rate
79.5
78.7
80.6
81.0
74.0
67.7
Employed
3,254
3,414
2,756
2,900
497
514
Employment-population ratio
76.2
73.9
77.6
75.7
69.4
65.1
Unemployed
140
223
107
203
33
20
Unemployment rate
4.1
6.1
3.7
6.5
6.2
3.8
Not in labor force
873
985
687
730
186
255
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population
3,249
3,315
2,711
2,776
538
539
Civilian labor force
2,437
2,455
2,087
2,063
350
392
Participation rate
75.0
74.1
77.0
74.3
65.0
72.8
Employed
2,359
2,345
2,021
1,964
338
381
Employment-population ratio
72.6
70.8
74.6
70.7
62.8
70.8
Unemployed
78
110
66
99
12
11
Unemployment rate
3.2
4.5
3.2
4.8
3.4
2.8
Not in labor force
812
860
624
713
188
146
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population
6,941
6,804
6,699
6,541
242
263
Civilian labor force
1,327
1,141
1,303
1,106
24
35
Participation rate
19.1
16.8
19.5
16.9
9.8
13.3
Employed
1,273
1,090
1,249
1,059
24
31
Employment-population ratio
18.3
16.0
18.7
16.2
9.8
11.9
Unemployed
54
51
54
47
Unemployment rate
4.1
4.4
4.1
4.3
Not in labor force
5,614
5,663
5,396
5,435
218
228
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population
4,121
4,173
3,717
3,755
404
418
Civilian labor force
1,914
1,762
1,719
1,548
195
214
Participation rate
46.4
42.2
46.3
41.2
48.2
51.3
Employed
1,817
1,694
1,626
1,480
192
214
Employment-population ratio
44.1
40.6
43.7
39.4
47.5
51.3
Unemployed
97
68
94
68
Unemployment rate
5.0
3.9
5.5
4.4
1.4
0.0
Not in labor force
2,207
2,411
1,998
2,207
209
204
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
232,458
233,443
104,614
104,963
127,844
128,480
Civilian labor force
151,507
149,422
77,080
76,020
74,427
73,403
Participation rate
65.2
64.0
73.7
72.4
58.2
57.1
Employed
144,827
140,208
73,417
71,012
71,410
69,196
Employment-population ratio
62.3
60.1
70.2
67.7
55.9
53.9
Unemployed
6,679
9,215
3,663
5,008
3,017
4,207
Unemployment rate
4.4
6.2
4.8
6.6
4.1
5.7
Not in labor force
80,951
84,021
27,534
28,943
53,417
55,077
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age
Persons with a disability
Persons with no disability
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
30,563
30,108
229,195
230,895
Civilian labor force
6,418
6,082
156,119
154,315
Participation rate
21.0
20.2
68.1
66.8
Employed
5,888
5,459
149,279
145,034
Employment-population ratio
19.3
18.1
65.1
62.8
Unemployed
530
623
6,840
9,282
Unemployment rate
8.3
10.2
4.4
6.0
Not in labor force
24,145
24,026
73,076
76,580
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force
2,713
2,494
77,342
76,533
Participation rate
36.5
33.3
82.4
81.6
Employed
2,442
2,226
73,756
71,553
Employment-population ratio
32.9
29.8
78.5
76.3
Unemployed
271
268
3,586
4,981
Unemployment rate
10.0
10.7
4.6
6.5
Not in labor force
4,715
4,985
16,569
17,222
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force
2,542
2,506
69,285
68,417
Participation rate
33.3
33.4
71.6
70.8
Employed
2,330
2,214
66,379
64,580
Employment-population ratio
30.5
29.5
68.6
66.9
Unemployed
212
292
2,906
3,837
Unemployment rate
8.3
11.6
4.2
5.6
Not in labor force
5,086
5,002
27,437
28,181
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force
1,163
1,082
9,492
9,365
Participation rate
7.5
7.2
24.6
23.1
Employed
1,116
1,019
9,144
8,901
Employment-population ratio
7.2
6.7
23.7
22.0
Unemployed
47
63
348
464
Unemployment rate
4.0
5.9
3.7
5.0
Not in labor force
14,344
14,039
29,069
31,176
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity
Total
Men
Women
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
42,323
43,059
20,474
20,674
21,849
22,385
Civilian labor force
27,819
27,775
15,965
15,838
11,854
11,937
Participation rate
65.7
64.5
78.0
76.6
54.3
53.3
Employed
26,478
25,886
15,301
14,841
11,178
11,045
Employment-population ratio
62.6
60.1
74.7
71.8
51.2
49.3
Unemployed
1,341
1,889
665
997
676
892
Unemployment rate
4.8
6.8
4.2
6.3
5.7
7.5
Not in labor force
14,504
15,285
4,509
4,836
9,995
10,449
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
217,435
217,944
105,165
105,593
112,270
112,351
Civilian labor force
134,718
132,623
69,949
68,890
64,769
63,733
Participation rate
62.0
60.9
66.5
65.2
57.7
56.7
Employed
128,689
124,607
66,493
64,347
62,195
60,260
Employment-population ratio
59.2
57.2
63.2
60.9
55.4
53.6
Unemployed
6,029
8,016
3,456
4,543
2,574
3,473
Unemployment rate
4.5
6.0
4.9
6.6
4.0
5.4
Not in labor force
82,717
85,321
35,216
36,702
47,501
48,619
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries
2,263
2,184
2,109
2,352
2,432
2,461
2,466
2,308
2,228
Wage and salary workers
1,580
1,450
1,429
1,668
1,553
1,569
1,552
1,519
1,518
Self-employed workers, unincorporated
661
676
623
663
837
823
827
712
635
Unpaid family workers
22
58
57
Nonagricultural industries
152,904
147,338
148,384
153,093
147,314
147,351
147,535
147,895
148,598
Wage and salary workers
144,163
138,602
139,161
144,327
138,891
138,971
138,941
139,243
139,382
Government
21,484
21,218
20,958
21,147
20,418
20,709
20,689
20,829
20,644
Private industries
122,679
117,383
118,203
123,110
118,525
118,123
118,102
118,151
118,616
Private households
712
604
650
Other industries
121,967
116,779
117,553
122,327
117,902
117,472
117,532
117,451
117,896
Self-employed workers, unincorporated
8,704
8,665
9,143
8,799
8,570
8,638
8,721
8,787
9,241
Unpaid family workers
37
72
80
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries
Part time for economic reasons
5,879
6,309
5,913
5,787
6,641
6,170
5,954
6,088
5,826
Slack work or business conditions
4,159
4,958
4,660
4,128
5,223
4,891
4,756
4,723
4,629
Could only find part-time work
1,404
1,124
1,061
1,311
1,167
1,045
986
1,166
984
Part time for noneconomic reasons
20,764
19,042
19,523
20,361
18,580
18,237
18,519
18,369
19,102
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons
5,788
6,199
5,859
5,728
6,582
6,082
5,824
5,986
5,804
Slack work or business conditions
4,090
4,887
4,622
4,064
5,176
4,819
4,691
4,661
4,592
Could only find part-time work
1,392
1,116
1,060
1,300
1,163
1,037
986
1,154
982
Part time for noneconomic reasons
20,392
18,670
19,151
19,987
18,182
17,846
18,112
17,998
18,726
Footnotes
(1)
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2)
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3)
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4)
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over
155,167
149,522
150,493
155,536
149,809
149,830
150,031
150,239
150,848
16 to 19 years
4,811
4,792
4,890
5,060
5,091
4,955
4,975
5,118
5,142
16 to 17 years
1,636
1,709
1,742
1,812
1,797
1,785
1,784
1,868
1,923
18 to 19 years
3,175
3,082
3,149
3,279
3,277
3,192
3,222
3,245
3,256
20 years and over
150,356
144,730
145,603
150,476
144,718
144,876
145,055
145,121
145,706
20 to 24 years
13,248
13,017
13,009
13,382
13,203
13,167
13,216
13,216
13,150
25 years and over
137,107
131,714
132,593
137,047
131,461
131,637
131,689
131,789
132,492
25 to 54 years
100,141
96,364
96,911
100,126
95,861
96,225
96,307
96,461
96,856
25 to 34 years
35,429
33,966
34,125
35,410
33,581
33,913
33,884
33,988
34,099
35 to 44 years
33,050
32,061
32,356
33,125
32,098
32,011
32,162
32,146
32,406
45 to 54 years
31,662
30,337
30,431
31,591
30,182
30,300
30,261
30,327
30,351
55 years and over
36,966
35,350
35,682
36,921
35,600
35,412
35,382
35,328
35,636
Men, 16 years and over
81,794
78,855
79,188
82,302
79,267
79,481
79,714
79,666
79,681
16 to 19 years
2,346
2,287
2,316
2,517
2,490
2,477
2,510
2,474
2,488
16 to 17 years
724
846
774
826
863
881
892
938
879
18 to 19 years
1,622
1,442
1,542
1,712
1,630
1,603
1,634
1,550
1,632
20 years and over
79,448
76,568
76,872
79,785
76,777
77,004
77,204
77,193
77,194
20 to 24 years
6,688
6,623
6,594
6,800
6,722
6,672
6,810
6,763
6,711
25 years and over
72,760
69,945
70,278
72,991
70,040
70,220
70,317
70,329
70,499
25 to 54 years
53,170
51,162
51,374
53,345
51,025
51,246
51,368
51,436
51,542
25 to 34 years
18,957
18,042
18,188
18,998
17,889
18,172
18,133
18,145
18,229
35 to 44 years
17,687
17,281
17,393
17,776
17,288
17,201
17,358
17,390
17,468
45 to 54 years
16,527
15,839
15,793
16,571
15,848
15,873
15,876
15,901
15,845
55 years and over
19,590
18,783
18,904
19,646
19,015
18,974
18,950
18,892
18,957
Women, 16 years and over
73,373
70,667
71,305
73,234
70,542
70,350
70,316
70,572
71,167
16 to 19 years
2,465
2,504
2,574
2,543
2,600
2,478
2,465
2,644
2,654
16 to 17 years
912
864
968
986
934
904
892
930
1,044
18 to 19 years
1,553
1,641
1,607
1,567
1,647
1,589
1,588
1,695
1,624
20 years and over
70,908
68,163
68,730
70,691
67,941
67,872
67,851
67,928
68,513
20 to 24 years
6,561
6,394
6,415
6,582
6,481
6,495
6,406
6,453
6,440
25 years and over
64,347
61,769
62,315
64,056
61,422
61,417
61,371
61,460
61,993
25 to 54 years
46,971
45,202
45,537
46,781
44,836
44,979
44,939
45,024
45,314
25 to 34 years
16,472
15,925
15,936
16,412
15,692
15,741
15,751
15,843
15,870
35 to 44 years
15,363
14,779
14,963
15,349
14,810
14,810
14,804
14,756
14,938
45 to 54 years
15,135
14,497
14,638
15,020
14,334
14,428
14,384
14,426
14,506
55 years and over
17,376
16,567
16,778
17,275
16,586
16,438
16,432
16,436
16,679
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present
45,901
43,887
43,681
45,901
43,754
43,720
43,819
44,033
43,695
Married women, spouse present
36,700
35,044
35,255
36,381
34,795
34,817
34,668
34,803
34,910
Women who maintain families
9,402
9,367
9,402
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
127,981
123,981
124,840
129,059
124,292
124,689
124,990
124,868
125,803
Part-time workers
27,187
25,541
25,653
26,564
25,373
24,917
24,627
25,109
25,078
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders
7,358
6,787
7,004
7,191
6,559
6,460
6,623
6,678
6,817
Percent of total employed
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.5
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated
6,287
5,670
6,024
Self-employed workers, unincorporated
9,364
9,341
9,766
9,462
9,408
9,461
9,548
9,498
9,876
Footnotes
(1)
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2)
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3)
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4)
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over
7,185
9,972
9,710
4.4
6.7
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
16 to 19 years
834
825
771
14.1
13.9
16.0
14.8
13.9
13.0
16 to 17 years
354
325
278
16.3
14.9
14.5
15.9
14.8
12.6
18 to 19 years
483
514
500
12.8
13.4
17.0
14.2
13.7
13.3
20 years and over
6,351
9,148
8,939
4.0
6.4
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.8
20 to 24 years
1,254
1,408
1,502
8.6
10.7
11.2
9.7
9.6
10.3
25 years and over
5,023
7,813
7,349
3.5
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.3
25 to 54 years
3,757
5,823
5,639
3.6
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.5
25 to 34 years
1,557
2,331
2,454
4.2
7.0
6.6
6.8
6.4
6.7
35 to 44 years
1,168
1,929
1,752
3.4
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.1
45 to 54 years
1,032
1,563
1,433
3.2
5.5
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.5
55 years and over
1,264
1,985
1,692
3.3
5.8
6.0
5.3
5.3
4.5
Men, 16 years and over
3,811
5,395
5,236
4.4
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.2
16 to 19 years
425
493
452
14.5
15.1
15.5
15.7
16.6
15.4
16 to 17 years
159
175
143
16.1
14.5
15.3
15.0
15.7
14.0
18 to 19 years
269
331
314
13.6
15.5
15.8
16.0
17.6
16.1
20 years and over
3,385
4,902
4,784
4.1
6.6
6.4
6.0
6.0
5.8
20 to 24 years
667
761
823
8.9
11.9
12.1
10.0
10.1
10.9
25 years and over
2,671
4,203
3,889
3.5
6.2
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.2
25 to 54 years
1,957
3,077
2,986
3.5
6.3
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.5
25 to 34 years
842
1,287
1,299
4.2
7.7
6.6
7.0
6.6
6.7
35 to 44 years
595
1,032
939
3.2
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.1
45 to 54 years
520
759
749
3.0
5.5
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.5
55 years and over
714
1,125
903
3.5
5.9
5.9
5.4
5.6
4.5
Women, 16 years and over
3,374
4,577
4,474
4.4
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.1
5.9
16 to 19 years
408
332
319
13.8
12.8
16.5
14.0
11.2
10.7
16 to 17 years
195
149
135
16.5
15.2
13.7
16.8
13.9
11.5
18 to 19 years
215
183
185
12.0
11.2
18.2
12.3
9.7
10.3
20 years and over
2,966
4,245
4,155
4.0
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.7
20 to 24 years
587
647
680
8.2
9.4
10.1
9.5
9.1
9.5
25 years and over
2,352
3,610
3,460
3.5
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.3
25 to 54 years
1,800
2,745
2,653
3.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.5
25 to 34 years
716
1,044
1,155
4.2
6.2
6.6
6.6
6.2
6.8
35 to 44 years
573
897
813
3.6
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.2
45 to 54 years
512
804
685
3.3
5.5
5.7
5.1
5.3
4.5
55 years and over
559
883
811
3.1
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.1
4.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present
1,069
1,750
1,464
2.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.2
Married women, spouse present
1,144
1,553
1,383
3.0
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.3
3.8
Women who maintain families
526
784
822
5.3
7.7
7.2
8.3
7.7
8.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
5,469
8,397
8,156
4.1
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.1
Part-time workers
1,691
1,607
1,544
6.0
6.0
7.0
6.4
6.0
5.8
Footnotes
(1)
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2)
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3)
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4)
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
4,441
7,051
6,448
4,198
7,468
7,210
6,997
6,586
6,226
On temporary layoff
2,223
2,546
2,202
2,047
2,762
3,039
2,746
2,229
2,026
Not on temporary layoff
2,219
4,505
4,246
2,151
4,705
4,171
4,251
4,357
4,200
Permanent job losers
1,559
3,547
3,462
1,517
3,718
3,370
3,503
3,497
3,432
Persons who completed temporary jobs
660
958
784
634
987
802
749
860
768
Job leavers
695
706
754
716
698
743
653
701
777
Reentrants
1,784
2,183
2,295
1,772
1,968
2,250
1,963
2,124
2,253
New entrants
449
546
407
526
551
509
542
582
497
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
60.3
67.2
65.1
58.2
69.9
67.3
68.9
65.9
63.8
On temporary layoff
30.2
24.3
22.2
28.4
25.9
28.4
27.0
22.3
20.8
Not on temporary layoff
30.1
43.0
42.9
29.8
44.0
38.9
41.9
43.6
43.1
Job leavers
9.4
6.7
7.6
9.9
6.5
6.9
6.4
7.0
8.0
Reentrants
24.2
20.8
23.2
24.6
18.4
21.0
19.3
21.3
23.1
New entrants
6.1
5.2
4.1
7.3
5.2
4.7
5.3
5.8
5.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
2.7
4.4
4.0
2.6
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.1
3.9
Job leavers
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
Reentrants
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
New entrants
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
3,118
2,051
1,876
3,424
2,455
2,904
2,278
2,185
2,177
5 to 14 weeks
2,008
2,693
2,142
1,785
2,404
2,222
2,528
2,254
1,941
15 weeks and over
2,244
5,742
5,886
1,972
5,804
5,529
5,369
5,555
5,609
15 to 26 weeks
999
1,523
1,610
784
1,875
1,572
1,346
1,407
1,391
27 weeks and over
1,245
4,219
4,276
1,188
3,929
3,956
4,023
4,148
4,218
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
17.5
27.2
30.6
16.7
23.0
23.4
26.0
27.6
29.7
Median duration, in weeks
7.3
18.3
21.6
5.8
18.9
16.8
15.3
18.3
19.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks
42.3
19.6
18.9
47.7
23.0
27.3
22.4
21.9
22.4
5 to 14 weeks
27.2
25.7
21.6
24.9
22.5
20.9
24.8
22.6
20.0
15 weeks and over
30.4
54.8
59.4
27.5
54.4
51.9
52.8
55.6
57.7
15 to 26 weeks
13.6
14.5
16.3
10.9
17.6
14.8
13.2
14.1
14.3
27 weeks and over
16.9
40.2
43.2
16.5
36.8
37.1
39.5
41.5
43.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Total, 16 years and over
155,167
150,493
7,370
9,905
4.5
6.2
Management, professional, and related occupations
65,995
64,503
1,654
2,063
2.4
3.1
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
28,050
27,555
635
978
2.2
3.4
Professional and related occupations
37,945
36,948
1,020
1,085
2.6
2.9
Service occupations
25,308
23,194
1,700
2,533
6.3
9.8
Sales and office occupations
30,781
30,520
1,258
1,982
3.9
6.1
Sales and related occupations
14,560
14,503
652
970
4.3
6.3
Office and administrative support occupations
16,221
16,017
606
1,011
3.6
5.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,918
13,402
990
1,109
6.6
7.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
1,103
1,025
131
106
10.6
9.4
Construction and extraction occupations
8,029
7,647
727
802
8.3
9.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,786
4,730
132
201
2.7
4.1
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations
19,166
18,875
1,305
1,787
6.4
8.7
Production occupations
7,962
7,668
454
583
5.4
7.1
Transportation and material moving occupations
11,203
11,207
851
1,204
7.1
9.7
Footnotes
(1)
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Total, 16 years and over
7,370
9,905
4.5
6.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
5,968
8,344
4.6
6.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
52
100
6.2
15.0
Construction
658
835
6.9
8.6
Manufacturing
636
780
4.1
5.2
Durable goods
336
427
3.5
4.6
Nondurable goods
300
353
5.3
6.4
Wholesale and retail trade
962
1,330
5.0
6.7
Transportation and utilities
380
630
5.1
8.3
Information
47
173
1.8
6.6
Financial activities
230
346
2.2
3.4
Professional and business services
838
1,167
4.7
6.7
Education and health services
771
937
3.1
3.8
Leisure and hospitality
1,131
1,625
8.1
13.0
Other services
262
421
3.9
6.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers
139
111
8.3
7.3
Government workers
486
592
2.2
2.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers
327
451
3.4
4.4
Footnotes
(1)
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force
1.4
3.6
3.7
1.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force
2.7
4.4
4.0
2.6
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.1
3.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)
4.5
6.6
6.2
4.4
6.7
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers
4.8
6.9
6.5
4.7
7.1
7.1
6.7
6.5
6.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force
5.3
7.7
7.2
5.3
7.9
7.9
7.4
7.3
7.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force
8.9
11.6
10.9
8.8
12.0
11.7
11.1
11.1
10.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category
Total
Men
Women
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2021
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force
97,221
100,606
39,725
41,538
57,496
59,067
Persons who currently want a job
5,215
6,576
2,559
3,169
2,656
3,407
Marginally attached to the labor force
1,380
1,783
744
914
636
869
Discouraged workers
514
488
302
282
212
207
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force
866
1,295
442
633
424
662
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders
7,358
7,004
3,566
3,405
3,792
3,599
Percent of total employed
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.3
5.2
5.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
4,227
4,030
2,225
2,128
2,002
1,902
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
1,904
1,627
640
492
1,264
1,135
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
237
357
129
193
109
164
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
932
950
550
572
382
378
Footnotes
(1)
Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2)
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3)
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4)
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Change from:
Feb.2021 - Mar.2021
Total nonfarm
149,952
140,980
142,077
143,400
150,840
142,736
143,204
144,120
916
Total private
126,825
119,527
120,312
121,432
128,066
121,169
121,727
122,507
780
Goods-producing
20,638
19,802
19,778
20,079
20,949
20,221
20,177
20,360
183
Mining and logging
669
593
584
608
674
596
590
610
20
Logging
46.7
46.4
46.2
44.2
47.6
46.2
46.1
45.0
-1.1
Mining
622.0
546.1
537.4
563.6
626.3
549.9
544.2
565.2
21.0
Oil and gas extraction
134.2
130.8
130.7
131.7
135.2
133.0
132.7
133.3
0.6
Mining, except oil and gas
181.5
175.5
174.5
178.5
184.3
179.2
179.2
180.3
1.1
Coal mining
44.8
42.9
43.2
43.7
44.9
42.4
42.9
43.6
0.7
Metal ore mining
42.1
41.5
41.6
41.9
42.1
41.8
41.8
41.8
0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
94.6
91.1
89.7
92.9
97.3
95.0
94.5
94.9
0.4
Support activities for mining
306.3
239.8
232.2
253.4
306.8
237.7
232.3
251.6
19.3
Construction
7,297
7,067
7,006
7,217
7,557
7,412
7,356
7,466
110
Construction of buildings
1,639.1
1,623.2
1,621.3
1,658.3
1,676.3
1,666.3
1,671.5
1,689.3
17.8
Residential building
813.1
833.6
838.5
856.6
832.7
854.9
862.5
872.7
10.2
Nonresidential building
826.0
789.6
782.8
801.7
843.6
811.4
809.0
816.6
7.6
Heavy and civil engineering construction
1,021.9
946.8
933.4
987.1
1,097.4
1,054.6
1,035.6
1,062.9
27.3
Specialty trade contractors
4,635.7
4,496.8
4,451.0
4,571.2
4,783.5
4,691.1
4,649.2
4,714.2
65.0
Residential specialty trade contractors
2,050.5
2,066.1
2,049.8
2,100.6
2,109.7
2,141.3
2,130.8
2,157.6
26.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors
2,585.2
2,430.7
2,401.2
2,470.6
2,673.8
2,549.8
2,518.4
2,556.6
38.2
Manufacturing
12,672
12,142
12,188
12,254
12,718
12,213
12,231
12,284
53
Durable goods
7,949
7,551
7,574
7,616
7,961
7,581
7,590
7,620
30
Wood products
405.3
400.1
401.2
402.2
408.3
403.3
403.0
404.4
1.4
Nonmetallic mineral products
409.4
381.6
379.5
388.0
417.0
394.6
393.1
396.0
2.9
Primary metals
379.6
346.7
346.6
351.0
378.5
347.4
346.0
348.6
2.6
Fabricated metal products
1,452.4
1,377.7
1,384.1
1,400.1
1,454.2
1,382.8
1,384.1
1,397.8
13.7
Machinery
1,105.2
1,052.9
1,057.2
1,059.5
1,104.9
1,052.7
1,055.6
1,059.1
3.5
Computer and electronic products
1,078.9
1,071.0
1,074.9
1,079.0
1,079.5
1,073.1
1,075.5
1,078.6
3.1
Computer and peripheral equipment
161.4
162.3
163.4
163.5
161.7
162.6
163.4
163.6
0.2
Communications equipment
87.4
85.8
85.5
86.2
87.2
85.6
85.6
85.9
0.3
Semiconductors and electronic components
373.5
369.0
369.5
370.4
373.6
369.7
369.4
370.1
0.7
Electronic instruments
425.2
420.2
422.7
425.2
425.1
420.9
422.9
424.8
1.9
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products
31.4
33.7
33.8
33.7
31.9
34.3
34.2
34.2
0.0
Electrical equipment and appliances
394.6
370.2
371.5
373.2
395.7
370.1
371.3
374.0
2.7
Transportation equipment
1,725.9
1,591.3
1,598.1
1,598.1
1,721.5
1,593.1
1,596.9
1,593.9
-3.0
Motor vehicles and parts
983.9
903.7
906.8
909.8
978.9
904.4
901.4
900.4
-1.0
Furniture and related products
382.7
354.9
352.7
351.6
383.2
355.4
353.5
352.2
-1.3
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing
615.0
604.5
608.3
613.0
617.8
608.5
610.7
615.2
4.5
Nondurable goods
4,723
4,591
4,614
4,638
4,757
4,632
4,641
4,664
23
Food manufacturing
1,630.2
1,619.1
1,623.3
1,625.8
1,647.9
1,635.9
1,636.4
1,639.8
3.4
Textile mills
103.8
95.0
94.2
96.7
104.0
95.1
94.0
96.8
2.8
Textile product mills
109.0
105.2
106.3
106.2
110.0
105.8
106.7
106.7
0.0
Apparel
102.6
89.6
92.0
94.1
103.0
91.0
92.7
94.1
1.4
Paper and paper products
362.5
355.9
354.5
356.3
362.6
356.8
355.6
356.0
0.4
Printing and related support activities
413.1
368.6
366.8
372.2
415.3
370.2
368.5
374.4
5.9
Petroleum and coal products
109.6
99.2
99.9
100.1
113.0
103.7
103.7
103.2
-0.5
Chemicals
852.7
844.7
851.6
855.3
852.1
848.8
850.3
853.3
3.0
Plastics and rubber products
727.1
721.3
726.9
725.7
727.8
723.3
726.3
726.0
-0.3
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing
312.5
292.0
298.5
305.3
321.6
301.0
306.5
313.9
7.4
Private service-providing
106,187
99,725
100,534
101,353
107,117
100,948
101,550
102,147
597
Trade, transportation, and utilities
27,423
26,957
26,805
26,907
27,729
27,023
27,093
27,187
94
Wholesale trade
5,847.9
5,600.8
5,609.4
5,635.0
5,876.6
5,631.4
5,637.6
5,661.3
23.7
Durable goods
3,204.1
3,076.5
3,083.1
3,096.7
3,214.8
3,088.0
3,092.6
3,106.9
14.3
Nondurable goods
2,136.2
2,047.4
2,050.2
2,061.3
2,151.6
2,064.4
2,066.8
2,076.5
9.7
Electronic markets and agents and brokers
507.6
476.9
476.1
477.0
510.2
479.0
478.2
477.9
-0.3
Retail trade
15,286.8
15,111.0
15,002.7
15,046.7
15,483.6
15,178.3
15,206.3
15,228.8
22.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers
2,015.9
1,931.2
1,943.1
1,957.6
2,025.2
1,945.5
1,953.9
1,966.9
13.0
Automobile dealers
1,297.3
1,232.8
1,240.4
1,244.7
1,301.1
1,234.2
1,239.4
1,248.5
9.1
Other motor vehicle dealers
156.3
145.4
148.2
154.6
159.9
155.1
155.8
158.2
2.4
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores
562.3
553.0
554.5
558.3
564.2
556.2
558.7
560.2
1.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores
459.0
438.2
435.9
441.3
461.7
435.9
438.2
443.8
5.6
Electronics and appliance stores
459.4
417.7
416.8
416.9
457.1
411.3
417.3
414.5
-2.8
Building material and garden supply stores
1,318.3
1,335.4
1,339.7
1,386.0
1,313.9
1,401.8
1,395.9
1,386.8
-9.1
Food and beverage stores
3,028.1
3,138.1
3,143.8
3,130.9
3,059.4
3,152.5
3,164.6
3,162.6
-2.0
Health and personal care stores
1,022.3
982.3
983.3
992.4
1,028.4
978.2
991.2
996.2
5.0
Gasoline stations
937.2
929.7
923.8
928.7
947.9
937.5
936.9
939.5
2.6
Clothing and clothing accessories stores
1,201.6
1,002.2
950.8
950.4
1,240.9
992.1
965.5
981.8
16.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores
524.6
476.8
470.7
464.5
533.7
464.9
469.5
463.5
-6.0
General merchandise stores
2,932.2
3,097.6
3,019.5
3,000.2
3,002.7
3,080.2
3,084.3
3,077.2
-7.1
Department stores
978.2
998.0
957.6
951.9
1,012.1
973.4
977.5
977.3
-0.2
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters
1,954.0
2,099.6
2,061.9
2,048.3
1,990.7
2,106.8
2,106.8
2,099.9
-6.9
Miscellaneous store retailers
810.8
763.2
774.0
775.7
830.5
777.8
785.9
791.5
5.6
Nonstore retailers
577.4
598.6
601.3
602.1
582.2
600.6
603.1
604.5
1.4
Transportation and warehousing
5,741.7
5,706.7
5,655.3
5,686.2
5,822.1
5,674.0
5,709.5
5,757.0
47.5
Air transportation
516.7
409.3
404.5
411.5
518.5
412.2
407.2
412.9
5.7
Rail transportation
158.6
141.7
141.7
141.7
158.3
142.4
141.6
140.7
-0.9
Water transportation
64.6
56.3
57.2
58.4
67.0
58.4
59.2
60.2
1.0
Truck transportation
1,492.2
1,454.8
1,453.5
1,461.3
1,516.2
1,480.2
1,479.4
1,482.7
3.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation
497.9
367.3
381.0
393.7
484.6
357.2
367.6
380.4
12.8
Pipeline transportation
52.1
48.7
48.1
49.0
52.2
48.7
48.5
49.1
0.6
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
26.4
19.0
19.1
22.1
33.5
25.2
25.2
27.9
2.7
Support activities for transportation
751.1
689.8
692.5
696.8
754.3
690.5
693.8
699.9
6.1
Couriers and messengers
844.3
1,100.0
1,041.4
1,040.0
893.7
1,043.6
1,072.2
1,088.9
16.7
Warehousing and storage
1,337.8
1,419.8
1,416.3
1,411.7
1,343.8
1,415.6
1,414.8
1,414.3
-0.5
Utilities
546.5
538.9
537.8
539.4
547.0
539.4
539.3
539.6
0.3
Information
2,888
2,648
2,670
2,669
2,898
2,672
2,675
2,673
-2
Publishing industries, except Internet
784.7
760.1
758.9
760.7
788.7
764.4
761.5
764.6
3.1
Motion picture and sound recording industries
421.9
238.2
252.9
258.2
430.6
256.9
260.9
263.8
2.9
Broadcasting, except Internet
260.8
246.6
250.7
241.7
260.3
247.7
248.9
240.7
-8.2
Telecommunications
703.6
690.9
690.5
689.1
702.1
689.8
687.7
686.5
-1.2
Data processing, hosting and related services
362.9
351.7
356.1
355.1
361.4
353.1
354.0
353.3
-0.7
Other information services
354.2
360.0
361.0
364.2
355.0
359.8
361.5
364.5
3.0
Financial activities
8,805
8,733
8,734
8,748
8,850
8,781
8,772
8,788
16
Finance and insurance
6,498.2
6,534.0
6,535.0
6,539.0
6,506.2
6,545.0
6,540.0
6,544.8
4.8
Monetary authorities - central bank
20.0
20.2
20.2
20.1
20.0
20.2
20.3
20.2
-0.1
Credit intermediation and related
activities
2,666.4
2,669.4
2,672.8
2,665.5
2,668.1
2,668.5
2,671.0
2,664.4
-6.6
Depository credit intermediation
1,783.9
1,746.4
1,742.9
1,738.2
1,783.0
1,746.3
1,742.0
1,738.3
-3.7
Commercial banking
1,396.5
1,359.4
1,357.9
1,353.0
1,395.5
1,359.7
1,356.6
1,353.2
-3.4
Nondepository credit intermediation
580.2
606.2
610.2
607.5
582.6
606.3
610.2
607.0
-3.2
Activities related to credit intermediation
302.3
316.8
319.7
319.8
302.5
315.9
318.8
319.1
0.3
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts
961.9
974.2
973.1
971.6
965.6
978.3
975.6
975.9
0.3
Insurance carriers and related activities
2,849.9
2,870.2
2,868.9
2,881.8
2,852.5
2,878.0
2,873.1
2,884.3
11.2
Real estate and rental and leasing
2,307.2
2,198.6
2,198.8
2,209.1
2,343.4
2,236.4
2,232.0
2,243.6
11.6
Real estate
1,721.3
1,695.8
1,698.0
1,704.1
1,742.9
1,717.7
1,716.2
1,726.2
10.0
Rental and leasing services
563.3
480.8
478.9
483.1
577.6
496.2
493.5
495.2
1.7
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
22.6
22.0
21.9
21.9
22.9
22.5
22.3
22.2
-0.1
Professional and business services
21,050
20,291
20,442
20,535
21,318
20,640
20,718
20,784
66
Professional and technical services
9,694.1
9,553.9
9,654.3
9,664.9
9,666.6
9,561.1
9,592.8
9,620.3
27.5
Legal services
1,157.3
1,115.6
1,122.7
1,122.7
1,162.6
1,123.1
1,129.0
1,127.6
-1.4
Accounting and bookkeeping services
1,126.6
1,066.4
1,113.2
1,117.1
1,018.5
1,001.0
1,000.5
1,000.9
0.4
Architectural and engineering services
1,524.6
1,511.3
1,515.4
1,520.3
1,543.9
1,528.5
1,532.0
1,539.4
7.4
Specialized design services
139.4
134.2
133.7
134.4
140.3
135.7
134.7
135.2
0.5
Computer systems design and related services
2,200.9
2,209.8
2,221.8
2,209.0
2,226.4
2,215.9
2,224.8
2,230.3
5.5
Management and technical consulting services
1,550.5
1,558.3
1,569.9
1,571.4
1,570.2
1,579.2
1,582.5
1,590.1
7.6
Scientific research and development services
759.9
783.3
790.9
795.1
762.1
789.1
794.3
795.4
1.1
Advertising and related services
480.0
432.1
438.0
440.2
482.5
435.1
439.2
442.6
3.4
Other professional and technical services
754.9
742.9
748.7
754.7
760.2
753.5
755.8
758.8
3.0
Management of companies and enterprises
2,408.0
2,330.8
2,325.7
2,330.2
2,419.0
2,339.1
2,338.1
2,338.9
0.8
Administrative and waste services
8,947.5
8,406.1
8,461.7
8,539.5
9,232.3
8,740.1
8,786.7
8,825.2
38.5
Administrative and support services
8,498.0
7,964.9
8,021.3
8,095.4
8,775.8
8,290.8
8,338.0
8,374.6
36.6
Office administrative services
541.1
532.3
534.9
539.6
544.9
537.0
539.5
542.5
3.0
Facilities support services
163.9
153.0
152.6
154.3
163.8
154.5
153.2
153.6
0.4
Employment services
3,408.1
3,207.5
3,246.1
3,272.1
3,527.7
3,334.6
3,381.0
3,393.9
12.9
Temporary help services
2,786.6
2,594.1
2,634.7
2,664.5
2,894.5
2,720.3
2,770.1
2,769.3
-0.8
Business support services
855.6
802.9
799.7
794.5
860.6
799.6
798.8
799.7
0.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services
208.8
144.3
143.9
146.9
210.1
147.8
146.7
147.7
1.0
Investigation and security services
941.7
893.5
899.2
906.0
949.0
905.5
903.0
913.0
10.0
Services to buildings and dwellings
2,051.9
1,939.6
1,955.1
1,987.8
2,191.2
2,115.6
2,124.3
2,128.3
4.0
Other support services
326.9
291.8
289.8
294.2
328.5
296.2
291.5
295.9
4.4
Waste management and remediation services
449.5
441.2
440.4
444.1
456.5
449.3
448.7
450.6
1.9
Education and health services
24,471
23,105
23,393
23,515
24,347
23,235
23,292
23,393
101
Educational services
3,850.3
3,321.2
3,541.8
3,612.7
3,696.3
3,398.2
3,404.6
3,469.0
64.4
Health care and social assistance
20,621.0
19,783.3
19,851.2
19,902.5
20,650.4
19,836.6
19,887.4
19,923.8
36.4
Health care
16,360.9
15,854.6
15,884.7
15,904.4
16,397.4
15,898.8
15,923.8
15,935.3
11.5
Ambulatory health care services
7,772.3
7,657.2
7,696.5
7,714.7
7,790.1
7,683.9
7,716.1
7,731.4
15.3
Offices of physicians
2,694.6
2,652.2
2,663.6
2,667.1
2,699.4
2,658.0
2,669.0
2,671.9
2.9
Offices of dentists
957.4
984.0
987.6
989.8
959.7
985.9
991.4
992.4
1.0
Offices of other health practitioners
982.1
949.2
951.6
957.7
986.8
953.4
954.6
962.1
7.5
Outpatient care centers
998.5
986.2
992.1
993.6
997.7
989.0
992.5
992.6
0.1
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
286.9
289.8
292.6
291.6
287.2
289.6
291.5
291.5
0.0
Home health care services
1,537.2
1,486.2
1,493.8
1,499.7
1,542.9
1,495.1
1,501.1
1,505.3
4.2
Other ambulatory health care services
315.6
309.6
315.2
315.2
316.3
312.9
316.0
315.6
-0.4
Hospitals
5,233.9
5,132.7
5,132.2
5,139.6
5,235.5
5,140.2
5,138.3
5,137.7
-0.6
Nursing and residential care facilities
3,354.7
3,064.7
3,056.0
3,050.1
3,371.8
3,074.7
3,069.4
3,066.2
-3.2
Nursing care facilities
1,572.9
1,411.0
1,400.6
1,400.2
1,581.6
1,415.0
1,406.3
1,408.0
1.7
Residential mental health facilities
648.7
604.7
608.2
608.0
650.7
606.9
610.5
609.8
-0.7
Community care facilities for the elderly
969.1
897.8
895.7
891.8
974.5
900.2
900.1
897.3
-2.8
Other residential care facilities
164.0
151.2
151.5
150.1
165.0
152.6
152.5
151.1
-1.4
Social assistance
4,260.1
3,928.7
3,966.5
3,998.1
4,253.0
3,937.8
3,963.6
3,988.5
24.9
Individual and family services
2,728.8
2,603.0
2,620.2
2,638.6
2,733.3
2,611.1
2,622.8
2,642.9
20.1
Emergency and other relief services
186.7
182.5
183.8
185.3
186.3
183.4
184.1
184.8
0.7
Vocational rehabilitation services
317.8
273.0
274.5
277.8
320.6
276.7
276.3
278.3
2.0
Child day care services
1,026.8
870.2
888.0
896.4
1,012.9
866.6
880.4
882.5
2.1
Leisure and hospitality
15,745
12,576
13,037
13,473
16,133
13,117
13,501
13,781
280
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
2,244.7
1,534.4
1,580.7
1,674.5
2,406.2
1,696.4
1,729.3
1,793.7
64.4
Performing arts and spectator sports
471.2
291.6
304.9
329.2
498.2
328.2
328.0
348.9
20.9
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions
161.9
118.1
118.3
123.5
172.4
128.0
129.2
131.5
2.3
Amusements, gambling, and recreation
1,611.6
1,124.7
1,157.5
1,221.8
1,735.6
1,240.2
1,272.1
1,313.3
41.2
Accommodation and food services
13,500.4
11,041.5
11,456.4
11,798.7
13,726.6
11,421.0
11,771.7
11,987.6
215.9
Accommodation
1,980.0
1,334.3
1,380.6
1,432.6
2,050.3
1,402.0
1,443.3
1,483.4
40.1
Food services and drinking places
11,520.4
9,707.2
10,075.8
10,366.1
11,676.3
10,019.0
10,328.4
10,504.2
175.8
Other services
5,805
5,415
5,453
5,506
5,842
5,480
5,499
5,541
42
Repair and maintenance
1,341.7
1,298.6
1,301.1
1,320.0
1,344.6
1,312.7
1,305.2
1,323.5
18.3
Personal and laundry services
1,492.5
1,284.7
1,307.8
1,332.1
1,507.0
1,302.1
1,326.0
1,344.6
18.6
Membership associations and organizations
2,970.8
2,831.4
2,844.0
2,854.2
2,990.5
2,864.7
2,868.0
2,873.2
5.2
Government
23,127
21,453
21,765
21,968
22,774
21,567
21,477
21,613
136
Federal
2,857
2,861
2,858
2,858
2,879
2,876
2,875
2,882
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service
2,262.1
2,258.5
2,252.4
2,253.7
2,277.8
2,268.6
2,265.8
2,273.1
7.3
U.S. Postal Service
594.9
602.1
606.0
603.8
601.5
607.8
609.3
608.9
-0.4
State government
5,405
4,913
5,090
5,164
5,242
5,008
4,956
5,002
46
State government education
2,703.6
2,242.7
2,420.8
2,495.1
2,536.2
2,324.7
2,277.1
2,326.7
49.6
State government, excluding education
2,701.3
2,670.6
2,669.6
2,669.3
2,706.0
2,682.9
2,679.0
2,675.5
-3.5
Local government
14,865
13,679
13,817
13,946
14,653
13,683
13,646
13,729
83
Local government education
8,328.4
7,521.0
7,648.8
7,753.5
8,009.3
7,394.7
7,359.9
7,435.9
76.0
Local government, excluding education
6,536.5
6,158.3
6,168.4
6,192.1
6,643.6
6,288.2
6,286.0
6,293.1
7.1
Footnotes
(1)
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2)
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3)
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private
34.1
35.0
34.6
34.9
Goods-producing
40.0
40.2
39.7
40.3
Mining and logging
45.0
45.3
45.0
45.6
Construction
39.1
39.4
38.3
39.6
Manufacturing
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.5
Durable goods
40.6
40.7
40.5
40.8
Nondurable goods
39.8
39.9
40.1
40.0
Private service-providing
32.9
33.9
33.6
33.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities
34.1
34.4
34.2
34.4
Wholesale trade
38.7
39.1
38.7
39.0
Retail trade
30.6
30.7
30.6
30.7
Transportation and warehousing
38.0
39.0
38.7
39.1
Utilities
42.2
42.8
42.8
42.8
Information
36.3
37.3
37.2
37.2
Financial activities
37.6
37.8
37.7
37.7
Professional and business services
36.1
36.9
36.6
36.8
Education and health services
33.0
33.7
33.3
33.4
Leisure and hospitality
24.1
25.8
25.3
26.0
Other services
31.4
32.6
32.2
32.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.3
Durable goods
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.2
Nondurable goods
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
Footnotes
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Total private
$28.74
$29.92
$30.00
$29.96
$980.03
$1,047.20
$1,038.00
$1,045.60
Goods-producing
29.65
30.35
30.39
30.41
1,186.00
1,220.07
1,206.48
1,225.52
Mining and logging
34.43
34.58
34.78
34.29
1,549.35
1,566.47
1,565.10
1,563.62
Construction
31.37
32.17
32.24
32.16
1,226.57
1,267.50
1,234.79
1,273.54
Manufacturing
28.37
29.05
29.10
29.15
1,143.31
1,173.62
1,172.73
1,180.58
Durable goods
29.77
30.51
30.56
30.64
1,208.66
1,241.76
1,237.68
1,250.11
Nondurable goods
25.99
26.59
26.68
26.67
1,034.40
1,060.94
1,069.87
1,066.80
Private service-providing
28.52
29.82
29.90
29.85
938.31
1,010.90
1,004.64
1,008.93
Trade, transportation, and utilities
24.76
25.70
25.67
25.78
844.32
884.08
877.91
886.83
Wholesale trade
31.88
32.97
33.07
33.12
1,233.76
1,289.13
1,279.81
1,291.68
Retail trade
20.33
21.37
21.26
21.44
622.10
656.06
650.56
658.21
Transportation and warehousing
25.06
25.66
25.72
25.71
952.28
1,000.74
995.36
1,005.26
Utilities
42.57
44.19
44.10
44.09
1,796.45
1,891.33
1,887.48
1,887.05
Information
43.25
44.35
44.61
43.85
1,569.98
1,654.26
1,659.49
1,631.22
Financial activities
36.90
39.20
39.50
39.67
1,387.44
1,481.76
1,489.15
1,495.56
Professional and business services
34.52
35.67
35.79
35.82
1,246.17
1,316.22
1,309.91
1,318.18
Education and health services
28.05
29.31
29.37
29.18
925.65
987.75
978.02
974.61
Leisure and hospitality
16.89
17.24
17.41
17.67
407.05
444.79
440.47
459.42
Other services
25.78
26.91
27.12
26.98
809.49
877.27
873.26
876.85
Footnotes
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry
Index of aggregate weekly hours
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Percent change from:
Feb.
2021 - Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Percent change from:
Feb.
2021 - Mar.
2021
Total private
109.6
106.5
105.7
107.3
1.5
150.6
152.3
151.6
153.7
1.4
Goods-producing
95.5
92.6
91.3
93.5
2.4
127.9
127.0
125.4
128.5
2.5
Mining and logging
95.3
84.8
83.4
87.4
4.8
131.7
117.8
116.5
120.3
3.3
Construction
101.9
100.7
97.1
101.9
4.9
138.8
140.7
136.0
142.4
4.7
Manufacturing
92.2
88.8
88.7
89.5
0.9
121.7
119.9
120.0
121.3
1.1
Durable goods
91.0
86.9
86.5
87.5
1.2
120.3
117.7
117.5
119.1
1.4
Nondurable goods
94.5
92.2
92.9
93.1
0.2
124.6
124.5
125.8
126.0
0.2
Private service-providing
113.5
110.2
109.8
111.2
1.3
157.3
159.7
159.7
161.3
1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities
103.2
101.4
101.1
102.0
0.9
137.8
140.6
140.0
141.9
1.4
Wholesale trade
100.3
97.1
96.2
97.4
1.2
133.8
133.9
133.1
134.9
1.4
Retail trade
96.2
94.6
94.5
94.9
0.4
129.3
133.6
132.8
134.5
1.3
Transportation and warehousing
127.1
127.1
127.0
129.3
1.8
162.1
166.0
166.1
169.2
1.9
Utilities
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
0.0
140.5
145.8
145.5
145.6
0.1
Information
96.1
91.0
90.9
90.8
-0.1
147.9
143.7
144.4
141.8
-1.8
Financial activities
109.0
108.8
108.4
108.6
0.2
156.9
166.3
166.9
168.0
0.7
Professional and business services
120.7
119.4
118.9
119.9
0.8
168.7
172.5
172.3
173.9
0.9
Education and health services
131.2
127.9
126.6
127.6
0.8
177.0
180.3
178.9
179.1
0.1
Leisure and hospitality
110.9
96.6
97.5
102.2
4.8
151.2
134.3
136.9
145.7
6.4
Other services
105.8
103.0
102.1
103.8
1.7
149.4
151.9
151.7
153.5
1.2
Footnotes
(1)
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2)
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Women employees (in thousands)
Percent of all employees
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Total nonfarm
75,429
71,031
71,353
71,668
50.0
49.8
49.8
49.7
Total private
62,285
58,623
58,980
59,233
48.6
48.4
48.5
48.4
Goods-producing
4,715
4,579
4,589
4,622
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.7
Mining and logging
89
81
81
85
13.2
13.6
13.7
13.9
Construction
983
988
992
1,000
13.0
13.3
13.5
13.4
Manufacturing
3,643
3,510
3,516
3,537
28.6
28.7
28.7
28.8
Durable goods
1,932
1,858
1,862
1,863
24.3
24.5
24.5
24.4
Nondurable goods
1,711
1,652
1,654
1,674
36.0
35.7
35.6
35.9
Private service-providing
57,570
54,044
54,391
54,611
53.7
53.5
53.6
53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities
11,075
10,625
10,652
10,668
39.9
39.3
39.3
39.2
Wholesale trade
1,768.5
1,686.4
1,689.3
1,697.5
30.1
29.9
30.0
30.0
Retail trade
7,666.6
7,368.2
7,374.9
7,375.4
49.5
48.5
48.5
48.4
Transportation and warehousing
1,507.4
1,436.8
1,453.7
1,461.5
25.9
25.3
25.5
25.4
Utilities
132.7
133.6
133.6
133.6
24.3
24.8
24.8
24.8
Information
1,151
1,070
1,065
1,055
39.7
40.0
39.8
39.5
Financial activities
5,008
4,964
4,968
4,960
56.6
56.5
56.6
56.4
Professional and business services
9,782
9,508
9,566
9,584
45.9
46.1
46.2
46.1
Education and health services
18,838
17,965
18,014
18,066
77.4
77.3
77.3
77.2
Leisure and hospitality
8,591
7,006
7,195
7,334
53.3
53.4
53.3
53.2
Other services
3,125
2,906
2,931
2,944
53.5
53.0
53.3
53.1
Government
13,144
12,408
12,373
12,435
57.7
57.5
57.6
57.5
Footnotes
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Industry
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Total private
105,083
98,672
99,151
99,784
Goods-producing
14,936
14,332
14,283
14,471
Mining and logging
478
427
422
438
Construction
5,598
5,447
5,391
5,524
Manufacturing
8,860
8,458
8,470
8,509
Durable goods
5,458
5,137
5,142
5,176
Nondurable goods
3,402
3,321
3,328
3,333
Private service-providing
90,147
84,340
84,868
85,313
Trade, transportation, and utilities
23,441
22,854
22,905
22,978
Wholesale trade
4,701.7
4,475.4
4,479.6
4,506.2
Retail trade
13,215.3
12,975.3
12,999.3
13,000.7
Transportation and warehousing
5,086.8
4,975.1
4,997.9
5,042.6
Utilities
436.7
428.1
428.2
428.9
Information
2,327
2,118
2,120
2,122
Financial activities
6,843
6,664
6,649
6,647
Professional and business services
17,260
16,646
16,725
16,744
Education and health services
21,350
20,354
20,389
20,467
Leisure and hospitality
14,125
11,250
11,616
11,866
Other services
4,801
4,454
4,464
4,489
Footnotes
(1)
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private
33.4
34.4
34.0
34.3
Goods-producing
40.7
41.2
40.4
41.2
Mining and logging
45.4
46.3
45.3
46.7
Construction
39.5
40.2
38.6
40.1
Manufacturing
41.3
41.6
41.4
41.6
Durable goods
41.4
41.9
41.5
41.9
Nondurable goods
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.2
Private service-providing
32.1
33.3
32.9
33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities
34.0
34.5
34.3
34.5
Wholesale trade
38.4
38.9
38.5
38.8
Retail trade
30.6
31.0
30.9
31.1
Transportation and warehousing
37.9
38.9
38.6
38.8
Utilities
42.6
42.6
42.7
42.7
Information
35.3
36.5
36.4
36.4
Financial activities
36.7
37.5
37.4
37.4
Professional and business services
35.5
36.3
35.9
36.3
Education and health services
32.2
32.9
32.6
32.7
Leisure and hospitality
22.8
24.6
24.0
24.7
Other services
30.4
31.6
31.0
31.4
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.3
Durable goods
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
Nondurable goods
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
Footnotes
(1)
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Total private
$24.15
$25.14
$25.19
$25.21
$806.61
$864.82
$856.46
$864.70
Goods-producing
25.22
25.85
25.81
25.94
1,026.45
1,065.02
1,042.72
1,068.73
Mining and logging
30.70
30.49
30.62
30.56
1,393.78
1,411.69
1,387.09
1,427.15
Construction
29.06
29.69
29.69
29.77
1,147.87
1,193.54
1,146.03
1,193.78
Manufacturing
22.58
23.20
23.25
23.28
932.55
965.12
962.55
968.45
Durable goods
23.56
24.23
24.27
24.28
975.38
1,015.24
1,007.21
1,017.33
Nondurable goods
20.99
21.57
21.66
21.70
860.59
886.53
892.39
894.04
Private service-providing
23.92
24.99
25.07
25.06
767.83
832.17
824.80
831.99
Trade, transportation, and utilities
20.99
21.71
21.71
21.78
713.66
749.00
744.65
751.41
Wholesale trade
26.44
27.25
27.27
27.33
1,015.30
1,060.03
1,049.90
1,060.40
Retail trade
17.07
17.90
17.91
17.98
522.34
554.90
553.42
559.18
Transportation and warehousing
22.49
23.02
22.98
23.01
852.37
895.48
887.03
892.79
Utilities
37.80
39.14
39.54
39.40
1,610.28
1,667.36
1,688.36
1,682.38
Information
34.95
36.60
36.78
36.86
1,233.74
1,335.90
1,338.79
1,341.70
Financial activities
28.35
29.88
29.85
29.79
1,040.45
1,120.50
1,116.39
1,114.15
Professional and business services
28.58
29.70
29.83
29.84
1,014.59
1,078.11
1,070.90
1,083.19
Education and health services
24.97
26.08
26.19
26.18
804.03
858.03
853.79
856.09
Leisure and hospitality
14.63
14.81
15.07
15.30
333.56
364.33
361.68
377.91
Other services
22.12
22.93
23.02
23.10
672.45
724.59
713.62
725.34
Footnotes
(1)
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2002=100]
Industry
Index of aggregate weekly hours
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Percent change from:
Feb.
2021 - Mar.
2021
Mar.
2020
Jan.
2021
Feb.
2021
Mar.
2021
Percent change from:
Feb.
2021 - Mar.
2021
Total private
117.0
113.1
112.3
114.1
1.6
188.8
190.1
189.1
192.2
1.6
Goods-producing
92.9
90.2
88.2
91.1
3.3
143.5
142.8
139.4
144.7
3.8
Mining and logging
115.3
105.1
101.6
108.7
7.0
205.9
186.3
180.9
193.2
6.8
Construction
110.7
109.6
104.2
110.9
6.4
173.7
175.8
167.0
178.3
6.8
Manufacturing
84.0
80.8
80.5
81.3
1.0
124.0
122.5
122.4
123.7
1.1
Durable goods
84.9
80.9
80.2
81.5
1.6
124.9
122.3
121.5
123.5
1.6
Nondurable goods
82.2
80.4
80.8
80.9
0.1
121.9
122.6
123.6
124.1
0.4
Private service-providing
123.3
119.7
119.0
120.7
1.4
202.3
205.1
204.6
207.4
1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities
111.5
110.3
109.9
110.9
0.9
167.2
171.1
170.5
172.5
1.2
Wholesale trade
107.2
103.3
102.4
103.8
1.4
167.2
166.2
164.7
167.4
1.6
Retail trade
102.3
101.8
101.6
102.3
0.7
149.7
156.1
156.0
157.6
1.0
Transportation and warehousing
145.9
146.5
146.0
148.1
1.4
208.9
214.6
213.6
216.9
1.5
Utilities
95.1
93.3
93.5
93.7
0.2
150.1
152.4
154.3
154.0
-0.2
Information
93.8
88.2
88.1
88.2
0.1
162.2
159.9
160.4
160.9
0.3
Financial activities
118.2
117.6
117.0
117.0
0.0
206.2
216.2
214.9
214.4
-0.2
Professional and business services
137.0
135.1
134.2
135.9
1.3
232.8
238.6
238.1
241.2
1.3
Education and health services
146.6
142.8
141.7
142.7
0.7
241.6
245.8
245.0
246.6
0.7
Leisure and hospitality
118.0
101.4
102.1
107.4
5.2
196.0
170.5
174.8
186.5
6.7
Other services
102.4
98.7
97.1
98.9
1.9
165.0
164.9
162.8
166.4
2.2
Footnotes
(1)
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2)
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3)
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p)
Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Last Modified Date:
April 02, 2021