Fulfulde - Wikipedia

Fulfulde - Wikipedia
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Fulfulde
natural language
macrolanguage
modern language
Subclass of
Senegambian
Lesdinkeejum
Fulfulde
𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪
Jonde kwa'odineto
15°0′0″N 13°0′0″W
Linguistic typology
subject–verb–object
Writing system
Latin script
Ajami script
Adlam
UNESCO language status
1 safe
Wikimedia language code
ff
From Wikidata
Fulfulde sudu
waynaaɓe fulɓe
Fulfulde
walla
pulaar
maa
pular
ko
ɗemngal
Fulɓe
Haalpulaar'en
Ɗemngal ngal no haalee e
leyɗe
keewɗe e
Afirik
Haalooɓe fulfulde-pulaar ina kawra miliyonji 60 haa koyari miliyanji 80.
ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_12_-_074_-_Une_femme_debout_et_une_autre_assise_dans_l'ouverture_d'une_hutte_-_Boucle_du_Mouhoun,_Burkina_Faso,_1984
Ɗemngal ngal ina jeyaa e Suudu ɗemɗe Hiirnaange
Atlantik
, taweteendu kanyum duu e nder suudu ɗemɗe afirikankeeje ɓurndu yaajude wi'eteendu
Niiser
Konngo
. Ɗemɗe goɗɗe jeyaaɗe e ndun suudu ngoni: ce'aar (
ɗemngal
seereero) e njolfo. E ɗeen ɗiɗi ko seereero ɓuri ɓadondirde e pulaar.
Caltuɗe
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1.
Caltuɗe:
Ko ɓuri heewde koo, pulaar ina feccee waɗee caltuɗe jowi mawɗe kawrooje e dawlaaji
Fulɓe
taariikayankooji (dawlaaji
Fulɓe
adiiɗi laamu kolonaaku). Kannje ngoni:
Pulaar Fuuta Tooro (no gasa ko e ngal diiwal ɗemngal ngal yalti), leydi
Senegal
Pular
Fuuta Jaloo
Leydi
Gine
, Fulfulde Maasina, Lesdi
Maali
, Fulfulde Liptaako, Leydi
Burkina Faso
Fulfulde
Adamawa
, Lesdi
Naajeeriya
e Kamarun. Feccoore go'o no waawa wonirde nii:
Pular Fuuta Jaloo (
Gine
Sarliyon
, e
Gine-Bisaawo
Pulaar Fuuta Tooro
Senegaal
Muritani
, e
Maali
hiirnaange
Pulaar Firdu (maa Fulaadu maa Fulakunnda)
Fulfulde Maasina (ana anndira "Maasinaŋkoore"
Maali
Fulfulde Liptaako (
Burkina Faso
Fulfulde Borgu (
Benen
Togo
Fulfulde Hakkundeeri
Najeeriya
(laamu
Usmaani Ɓii Fooduyee
, wano
Sokoto
Fulfulde Adamaawa (ana anndira "Aadamankoore"
Naajeeriya
Kamarun
Caadi
e Suudan e
Afirka Cakaari
Ko ɓuri kon e
Fulfulde
ɗen hino humii e gootal e diiwe limtaaɗe ɗoo, e piide misal si en ƴettii Fulfulde Bagirmi, ɗum ko leydi e nder Caad, ko e Adamaawankoore nden jeyaa. Fulfulde Funnaange
Niijer
ko e Fulfulde Hakkundeeri
Naajeeriya
ɓuri jeydude, Fulfulde Hiirnaange Niijer ko e Liptaakuure e Maasinankoore jeyaa.
So en teskiima, ma en taw ina heddii fahin caltuɗe ɗalaaɗe hono
pulaar
Fulaadu (ɓaleeri
Senegal
Gammbiya
), Fulfulde Borgu e nder leydi Benen, fulfulde diiwaanuuji hakkunde
Naajeeriya
. Kono ɗeen pulfule na ɓadii goɗɗe e ɗee ɗe adi-ɗen limtude yeru Borgu no ɓadondiri e
Maasina
, Fulaadu no nanndi e Fuuta Tooro no nanndi e Fuuta Jaloo, e maanaa no hakkunde maa fulfulde Caad walla
Sudan
ko e Adamawa jeydi.
Alkule
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Alkule lateŋ
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2.
Alkule:
gila teemedannde sappo e jeetataɓere nden, pulaar-fulfulde no winndiree alkule aarabe. Haa hannde no fellitaa wonnde e leyɗe goɗɗe yeru Fuuta Jaloo maa
Adamawa
, Fulɓe ko alkule aarabe ɓuri doolnoraade. fulɓe non sinciino binndi goo ko wonaa ajami, wano "Miimiyee afrika, kaɓɓe,..
الابجدية_الفولانية_بالحرف_اللاتيني
Gila hakkunde duuɓi 1950 han 1960, sukaaɓe fulɓe iwruɓe baŋŋe fow jangaynooɓe to jaaɓi hattirde
Misra
e leyɗeele Aarabeeɓe goo, no huutora alkule latin ngam winndude pulaar. Ko e hitaande 1966 to bensondiral mawngal
Bamako
, Fulɓe ɓen fottani winndirde abajada laten. Ndiin mbinndudi innniraa abajada
UNESCO
maa alkule
UNESCO
. Ɗen golle waɗi itti ñannde 28 2ɓuru han 5 3ɓuru. No jeyanoo e tawaaɓe ɗen golle, Aamadu Hampaate Bah; ko kanko jooɗaninoo ton ɗemngal fulfulde wonndude e Alfaa Ibrahiim Soo. Ɓaawo kawral maɓɓe e huutorde alkule latin ɗee, ɓe sinci alkule addayɗe hitooji fulfulde ɗin. Ko ɗen woni:
ɓ ɗ ŋ ƴ
Ɓaawo jonnde Bamako ndee, laamuuji ɗin yamiraa yaltinngo dekeree ngam anndinnde fof wonnde ko ɗee ɗoo woni alkuke
Fulɓe
. E leydi Senegal ñannde 16 6ɓuru 1980, Senngor yaltini dekere on e kuulal 80-1049. Ko e fewndo on saa'a kadi Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije
Moritani
sincaa. Fewndo on yonta e leydi
Gine
, Seeku Tuure hari yamiriino jannirgol ɗemɗe muynaaɗe ɗen kono o jaɓaano tawtude jonnde Bamoko nden. Fii heɓugol hitooji pular ɗin, ko alkule ɓasaaɗe ɓe huutortonoo; yeru: ɓ = bh, ɗ = dh, ekn... Ɗum non no heddii e hakkile ɓiɓɓe Gine heewuɓe haa ka woni; ɓe nanay tun alkuke pular ɓe miijoo e alkuke ɗe Seeku huutori ɗen sabu ɗen maraano hitooji pular ɗin fof.
E hitaande 1978 UNESCO waɗuno jonnde
Ñamey
, leydi
Niijeer
gila ñannde 17 han 21 6ɓuru. Jonnde noddiraande, Jonnde Fanniyankeeɓe fii Winndugol e Faamondiral ɗemɗe Afriknaaje. E nden jonnde, toowa ganndeeɓe heewuɓe immoriiɓe e leyɗeele
Afrik
e Orop tawdano ɗum. Jooɗaniiɗo ton ɗemngal fulfulde ko Profesor Alfaa Ibraahiima Soo, immoriiɗo to dawla
Faransi
. Ko soñaa e ɗen golle, ko nawtaama to dawlaaji Afriknaaji ngam haa wona tuugnorde e winndugol ɗemɗe mum ngenndiije.
Tuggude gila ngal nanondiral waɗi fii winndugol pular, waɗii battane mawɗo e binndol e jannde ɗemngal pular. Gila 1966 heɓi hannde, no buri 2000 tiitoode, e kala fannu ganndal, winndaa ɗum e pular tawa ko e latin. Lowe geese heewuɗe no woodi tawa ko e pular ɗe winndata, tawa ko latin ɗe huutortoo.
Alkule ɗen ngoni:
a e i o u b mb ɓ c d nd ɗ f g ng h j nj k l m n ñ ŋ p r s t w y ƴ '
Sincugol ndiin mbinndudi e dow nanondiral haɗaali
Fulɓe
sincude alkule kese, noddana ɗe
Adlam
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𞤀 𞤁 𞤂 𞤃 𞤄 𞤅 𞤆 𞤇 𞤈 𞤉 𞤊 𞤋 𞤌 𞤍 𞤎 𞤏 𞤐 𞤑 𞤒 𞤓 𞤔 𞤕 𞤖 𞤗 𞤘 𞤙 𞤚 𞤛
ko Alkule ɗe yoga e Fulɓe mbinndirta jooni e nder leyɗeele duunde
Afrik
lutti
Senegal
Moritani
. Ko alkule kese, pentaaɗe
Gine
hitaande 1989 immorde e Abdoulaay e Ibaraahiima Barry. Ko ɓee ɗiɗo sinciɗe, daraniiɗe ɓaawo ɓe faamineede woodeede alkule pular kono tawi hakkil maɓɓe ƴettaa ɗum. Alkule ɗeen ko 28 e limtol daraniiɓe ɗen alkule, kono ko ɗe 32 si muume ñonndinaɗe ɗee (n'g, n'j, n'b, n'd) tawdaama hen.
Jokkuɓe ɗin binndi no yeynaɗi e nder
Gine
e leyɗeele goo ngam Afriknaaɓe fof huutorooɗi (
fulɓe
e ko wonaa)
Pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, woni ɗemngal keeringal to banŋŋe innude geɗe e rokkude ɗumʼen ma'anaa. Paygol maggal ina fawii he toɓɓe keewɗe, ko wayi no heewde alkule e mbaadi pirligol golle e firo kelmeendi…
Alkule
: pulaar/fulfulde ɓuri heewde alkule e farayse e arab e enngele… (32 alkulal). Won alkule ɗe ɗemngal ngal jogii weeɓaani tawde he ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko wayi no alkule ɗ, ƴ, ŋ…
Pirlitgol golle
: pulaar fulfulde ina jogii lomto gollooɓe 7ɗo so en limtii heen lomto golloowo naattinoowo
: enen, ko noon ne so en ƴeewii gollal jogorngal, to bannge sahaa, angal firlitiree he mbaadiiji keewɗi
: maa o ar, omo ara, o arat, o aroyat, o aratno, o aratnoo…
Firo kelme
: kelmeendi pulaar/fulfulde ina heerorii fayde mum, cañki pulaar fulfulde ina ɗelñira karallaagal timmungal e ñeeñal baydungal
: ina holla en ɗuum mahdi helmere pulaar
Pelle inɗe
: ɗemngal ngal ina jogii pelle inɗe hedde 20 tawi heen fedde kala ina jogii hattan kaawniiɗo ngam sifaade innde toɗɗii nde. En njuutnotaako ɗoon sabu ɗuum ɓooyii yimeede
Ceekirɗe
: ɗoon ne kadi en njuutnotaako sabu jooni kala janngoowo ɗemngal ngal anndii wonde e nder helmere wootere eɗen mbaawi dañde ceekirɗe keewɗe haa helmere nde metta wowlude yeru
: naftondiroyde, walla jiiɓoo wowlude jiiɓoo faamde, yeru
: ɓamtinondiriroroyatno
; te
seekirde heen kala arda e maanaa mum.
Ngam añde woɗɗinoyde, sabu en mbaawaa te en kattanaani haalde fof, njahen he toɓɓere sakkitiinde he ndee ɗo lowre, ɗum woni maanaa ɓesɗo.
_ Kelme keewɗe ngam maanaa gooto: pulaar/fulfulde ina jogii hattan seɗde maanaa helmere yaltina firoyon mum tokoson ngonkon nder mum. Aɗa waawi yiyde kelme sappo walla ɓura tawi ko he maanaa gooto. Ngam newnude golle men ƴeften yeru he kelme ɓurɗe baɗtinde he nguurndam
fulɓe
a/ toɓo: jannja, ngatamaare, maamaare, wis_wis, yaral (jaral), juko, Demmba diŋaare, hokkitere, mbayritam, bowte…
b/ laawol: burdubujol(walla ballaŋaawol), mosol, jurol, lappol, bolol, celol, codol,perol, kallu(walla kallol…), mbedda(walla mbeddawol)…
c/ haɓɓude: fiɓde, jomde, ŋaaŋde,ŋeeŋde, raɗaade, wajde, humde, saande (saanaade), worsude, dokkaade…
d/ ndiyam: maayo, caanngol, weendu, fetere (feto), deedal, berjal, reebelde, njarka, sewnde, laddungol…
e/ leydi: ceenal(seeno),mbaalwaaldi, jehjegol, hollalde, jakre, waka jiiju, jaaka maka, wallere, haraawo(karawal, taccoonde), karhaaƴol(woojeere, tiŋaale)… Eɗen mbaawi teskaade ɗo kelmeendi mbaawndi wallitde gannde kese; eɗen teskina wonde Tafsiiru JIGGO (yoo GENO yurmo ɗum), gooto he sanɗaaji Misira won ko waɗnoo heen ko faati he ganndal ndema
Eɗen mbaawi raɓɓiɗinaade ɗo, tawi kadi eɗen nganndi en memaani fannuuji goɗɗi bayɗi no inɗe kuɗi e leɗɗe, sifaaji jawdi, poñndi (he ɗemngal waañooɓe e awooɓe) e nehaandi (he ɗemngal aynooɓe), keneeli, koode, ekn…
Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ɗo waɗde pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, ŋarɗungal. Maa a taw ko ɗuum addani won heen (Bookar Tijjaani Njaay) wiyde ko GENO tellini ngal he ŋarɗeende maggal, wiyi yimɓe maggal “ko MIIN tagani on ngal mbele oɗon ngona ɓe AM”. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde kadi ko ngal ɗemngal ɓooyngal , Bookar Tijjaani hollitii wonde
Fulɓe
koɗdiino he israa’iilanaaɓe, o hollitii haatumeere kelme teemedere he hebroore walla ɓura, tawi kañje kala eɗe nanndi he kelme pulaar/fulfulde to wowlaango e to maanaa (en njiɗaani addude ɗo laaɓndal to Fulɓe ngummii, holi mo ɓe njiidi).
Kono kadi eɗen poti ustude bakkooji ha ngannden so ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hattan wuurde haa yeeso e daɗde e gaatuleeje aduna keso o. mbele ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hannde nduun fittaandu haa waawa ɓamtaade no ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗe ni. Sabu wonde ɗemngal men ngal limtaaka e ɗemɗe daɗooje ɗo e 2036 ina miijtinii hay so en kulaani.
Kañum ni, wondi ko, hay sinno ɗemngal men ngal wonii ɗemngal maanaa, ko gila hanki, he nder nguurndam mawɓe men keeriɗam. Ko mawɓe men ngollii haa ngal wayi noon. Kono enen hannde en poti laaɓndaade ko mbaɗ-ɗen e ko pot-ɗen waɗde sabu eɗen keewi caɗeele:
Caɗeele wosteede
: duɗe tuubakooɓe e kesamhesamaagu e jaajngol gure waɗii haa ko ɓuri heewde he men nattii haalde ɗemngal ngal no fotiri (ɗooftaade doosɗe maggal) walla nattii haalde ngal
En ngustiima he faarnoraade ɗemngal ngal: nattii no waynoo he diŋire…
Ŋakkere paamondiral: he miijo am, ceerundal kinɗe e ngaddinaaji fotnoo ko alɗinde goodal men; kono so waɗii duuñondiral e deentondiral tan jibinta ko tanaaji ɗi njiɗaaka tawi ittaani.
Caɗeele firo: so pulaar/fulfulde wonii ɗemngal maanaa ne ina jogii caɗeele firde yoga e kelme kese yeru helmere “sens” e farayse firdee maanaa (iwdi arab), waɗde mbiyen pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa ngal firataa maanaa. Yimɓe ɓe fof kawraani he no pirdaten kelme kese ɗe: so en pirat ɗe tan he ɗemɗe goɗɗe hay so wonaa pulaar walla so en pentanat ɗum helmere fulɗinaande hay so faamaamuya mum in noddi tiinnaare mawnde.
Internet
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Fulfulde
Fulfulde Dictionaire Fulfulde
kuɗol Abdullaay jallo to Ari founda.
E yeewtere Amadou mouctara thiam. (Radio fulɓe)
Hiimobe
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Ittaa ko to "
Pelle
Fulɓe
Ɗemɗe
Pages using the Kartographer extension
Fulfulde
Ɓeydi toɓɓere