How dangerous is Mount Rainier?

How dangerous is Mount Rainier? | U.S. Geological Survey
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How dangerous is Mount Rainier?
Although
Mount Rainier
has not produced a significant eruption in the past 500 years, it is potentially the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range because of its great height, frequent
earthquakes
, active
hydrothermal system
, and extensive
glacier
mantle.
Mount Rainier has
25 major glaciers
containing more than five times as much snow and ice as all the other Cascade volcanoes combined. If only a small part of this ice were melted by volcanic activity, it would yield enough water to trigger enormous
lahars
(debris flows and mudflows that originate on a volcano). Mount Rainier's potential for generating destructive mudflows is enhanced by its great height above surrounding valleys.
Learn more:
USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
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Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
There is no definitive evidence that an eruption at one volcano can trigger an eruption at a volcano that’s hundreds of kilometers/miles away or on a different continent. There are a few historic examples of simultaneous eruptions from volcanoes (or volcanic vents) located within about 10 kilometers (6 miles) of each other, but it's difficult to determine whether one eruption caused the other...
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
There is no definitive evidence that an eruption at one volcano can trigger an eruption at a volcano that’s hundreds of kilometers/miles away or on a different continent. There are a few historic examples of simultaneous eruptions from volcanoes (or volcanic vents) located within about 10 kilometers (6 miles) of each other, but it's difficult to determine whether one eruption caused the other...
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
Eruptions of Mount Rainier usually produce much less volcanic ash than do eruptions at Mount St. Helens. However, owing to the volcano's great height and widespread cover of snow and glacier ice, eruption triggered debris flows ( lahars) at Mount Rainier are likely to be much larger--and will travel a greater distance--than those at Mount St. Helens in 1980. Furthermore, areas at risk from debris...
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
Eruptions of Mount Rainier usually produce much less volcanic ash than do eruptions at Mount St. Helens. However, owing to the volcano's great height and widespread cover of snow and glacier ice, eruption triggered debris flows ( lahars) at Mount Rainier are likely to be much larger--and will travel a greater distance--than those at Mount St. Helens in 1980. Furthermore, areas at risk from debris...
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Debris flows ( lahars) pose the greatest hazard to people near Mount Rainier. A debris flow is a mixture of mud and rock debris that looks and behaves like flowing concrete. Giant debris flows sometimes develop when large masses of weak, water-saturated rock slide from the volcano's flanks. Many of these debris flows cannot be predicted and may even occur independently of a volcanic eruption...
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Debris flows ( lahars) pose the greatest hazard to people near Mount Rainier. A debris flow is a mixture of mud and rock debris that looks and behaves like flowing concrete. Giant debris flows sometimes develop when large masses of weak, water-saturated rock slide from the volcano's flanks. Many of these debris flows cannot be predicted and may even occur independently of a volcanic eruption...
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
Over geologic time, volcanic eruptions and related processes have directly and indirectly benefited mankind: Volcanic materials ultimately break down and weather to form some of the most fertile soils on Earth, cultivation of which has produced abundant food and fostered civilizations. The internal heat associated with young volcanic systems has been harnessed to produce geothermal energy. Most of...
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
Over geologic time, volcanic eruptions and related processes have directly and indirectly benefited mankind: Volcanic materials ultimately break down and weather to form some of the most fertile soils on Earth, cultivation of which has produced abundant food and fostered civilizations. The internal heat associated with young volcanic systems has been harnessed to produce geothermal energy. Most of...
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The...
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The...
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
A pyroclastic flow is a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front. Pyroclastic flows can be extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and mobility. For example, during the 1902 eruption of Mont Pelee in Martinique (West Indies)...
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
A pyroclastic flow is a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front. Pyroclastic flows can be extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and mobility. For example, during the 1902 eruption of Mont Pelee in Martinique (West Indies)...
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Not usually. Earthquakes associated with eruptions rarely exceed magnitude 5, and these moderate earthquakes are not big enough to destroy buildings and roads. The largest earthquakes at Mount St. Helens in 1980 were magnitude 5, large enough to sway trees and damage buildings, but not destroy them. During the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, dozens of light to moderate...
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Not usually. Earthquakes associated with eruptions rarely exceed magnitude 5, and these moderate earthquakes are not big enough to destroy buildings and roads. The largest earthquakes at Mount St. Helens in 1980 were magnitude 5, large enough to sway trees and damage buildings, but not destroy them. During the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, dozens of light to moderate...
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
Eruptions in the Cascades have occurred at an average rate of one to two per century during the last 4,000 years. Future eruptions are certain. Learn more: Eruptions in the Cascade Range During the Past 4,000 Years USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
Eruptions in the Cascades have occurred at an average rate of one to two per century during the last 4,000 years. Future eruptions are certain. Learn more: Eruptions in the Cascade Range During the Past 4,000 Years USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
The May 18, 1980 eruptive column at Mount St. Helens fluctuated in height through the day, but the eruption subsided by late afternoon. By early May 19, the eruption had stopped. By that time, the ash cloud had spread to the central United States. Two days later, even though the ash cloud had become more diffuse, fine ash was detected by systems used to monitor air pollution in several cities of...
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
The May 18, 1980 eruptive column at Mount St. Helens fluctuated in height through the day, but the eruption subsided by late afternoon. By early May 19, the eruption had stopped. By that time, the ash cloud had spread to the central United States. Two days later, even though the ash cloud had become more diffuse, fine ash was detected by systems used to monitor air pollution in several cities of...
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption. Magmatic eruptions involve the rise of magma toward the surface, which normally generates detectable earthquakes. It can also deform the ground surface and cause anomalous heat flow or changes in the temperature and chemistry of the groundwater and spring waters. Steam-blast eruptions, however, can occur with little or no warning as superheated...
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption. Magmatic eruptions involve the rise of magma toward the surface, which normally generates detectable earthquakes. It can also deform the ground surface and cause anomalous heat flow or changes in the temperature and chemistry of the groundwater and spring waters. Steam-blast eruptions, however, can occur with little or no warning as superheated...
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
There are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States. According to a 2018 USGS assessment, 57 volcanoes are a high threat or very high threat to public safety. Many of these volcanoes have erupted in the recent past and will erupt again in the foreseeable future. As populations increase, areas near volcanoes are being developed and aviation routes are increasing. As a result, more...
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
There are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States. According to a 2018 USGS assessment, 57 volcanoes are a high threat or very high threat to public safety. Many of these volcanoes have erupted in the recent past and will erupt again in the foreseeable future. As populations increase, areas near volcanoes are being developed and aviation routes are increasing. As a result, more...
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
August 1, 2024
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. This .gif is uploaded to Drupal to support Volcano modeling feature story in support of the September’s theme of hazard resilient communities.
By
Communications and Publishing
August 1, 2024
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. This .gif is uploaded to Drupal to support Volcano modeling feature story in support of the September’s theme of hazard resilient communities.
By
Communications and Publishing
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
July 11, 2022
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier (Washington) volcano hazard zones and estimated lahar (volcanic mudflow) arrival times for the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount Rainier
July 11, 2022
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier (Washington) volcano hazard zones and estimated lahar (volcanic mudflow) arrival times for the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount Rainier
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
February 22, 2018
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
Title: The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory - Research, monitoring, and the science of preparing society for low-probability, high-consequence events
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
February 22, 2018
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
Title: The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory - Research, monitoring, and the science of preparing society for low-probability, high-consequence events
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
March 15, 2016
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Researcher Amanda Kissel pauses by a lake in Mt. Rainier National Park.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
March 15, 2016
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Researcher Amanda Kissel pauses by a lake in Mt. Rainier National Park.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
August 1, 2015
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
A view during the 2015 Climate Boot Camp site visit to discuss landscape response to climate change at Mount Rainier, Washington.
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
August 1, 2015
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
A view during the 2015 Climate Boot Camp site visit to discuss landscape response to climate change at Mount Rainier, Washington.
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
January 18, 2014
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier volcano looms over Puyallup Valley, near Orting, Washington.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Washington Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
January 18, 2014
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier volcano looms over Puyallup Valley, near Orting, Washington.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Washington Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
May 9, 2012
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Debris flows are hazardous flows of rock, sediment and water that surge down mountain slopes and into adjacent valleys. Hydrologist Richard Iverson describes the nature of debris-flow research and explains how debris flow experiments are conducted at the USGS Debris Flow Flume, west of Eugene, Oregon.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
May 9, 2012
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Debris flows are hazardous flows of rock, sediment and water that surge down mountain slopes and into adjacent valleys. Hydrologist Richard Iverson describes the nature of debris-flow research and explains how debris flow experiments are conducted at the USGS Debris Flow Flume, west of Eugene, Oregon.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
March 19, 2008
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Welcome to CoreFacts, where we're always short on time and big on science. I'm Steve Sobieszczyk. Let's get right to it, today's question is:
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
By
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
March 19, 2008
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Welcome to CoreFacts, where we're always short on time and big on science. I'm Steve Sobieszczyk. Let's get right to it, today's question is:
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
By
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
December 11, 2004
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
December 11, 2004
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
April 8, 1989
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
By
Natural Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
April 8, 1989
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
By
Natural Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
March 21, 1982
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
The lahar flowed from the crater into the North Fork Toutle River valley and eventually reached the Cowlitz River 80 km (50 mi) downstream. The lahar also entered Spirit Lake, which can be seen in the lower left corner.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
March 21, 1982
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
The lahar flowed from the crater into the North Fork Toutle River valley and eventually reached the Cowlitz River 80 km (50 mi) downstream. The lahar also entered Spirit Lake, which can be seen in the lower left corner.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
October 23, 1980
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Nearly 135 miles (220 kilometers) of river channels surrounding the volcano were affected by the lahars of May 18, 1980. A mudline left behind on trees shows depths reached by the mud.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
October 23, 1980
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Nearly 135 miles (220 kilometers) of river channels surrounding the volcano were affected by the lahars of May 18, 1980. A mudline left behind on trees shows depths reached by the mud.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
Filter Total Items: 17
April 14, 2026
Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information
Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information
Introduction Eruptions at Mount Rainier produce lava flows, plumes of airborne volcanic ash, and avalanches of hot rock, ash, and gas—pyroclastic flows—that rush down the steep, ice-covered slopes of the volcano. Hot rock and ash ejected during an eruption can melt large quantities of snow and ice, forming huge, fast moving mudflows called lahars that travel 30+ miles, all the way to...
Authors
Holly F. Weiss-Racine, Joseph A. Bard, Jessica L. Ball, Carolyn L. Mastin
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
August 15, 2023
Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey
Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey
Introduction Every year in the United States, natural hazards threaten lives and livelihoods, resulting in thousands of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Mission Area works with many partners to monitor, assess, and research a wide range of natural hazards, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These efforts aim to...
Authors
Aleeza Wilkins, Charlie Mandeville, John Power, Douglas D. Given
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Earthquake Hazards Program
Volcano Hazards Program
Earthquake Science Center
Volcano Science Center
November 10, 2022
Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington
Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington
Mount Rainier is the Pacific Northwest’s iconic volcano. At 4,393 meters and situated in the south-central Cascade Range of Washington State, it towers over cities of the Puget Lowland. As the highest summit in the Cascade Range, Mount Rainier hosts 26 glaciers and numerous permanent snow fields covering 87 square kilometers and having a snow and ice volume of about 3.8 cubic kilometers...
Authors
James W. Vallance, Thomas W. Sisson
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 10, 2021
How would a volcanic eruption affect your Tribe?
How would a volcanic eruption affect your Tribe?
Volcanic eruptions are rare, but when they occur, they can profoundly affect nearby communities. In order to determine which communities are at risk, and in order for those communities to mitigate their risk, communities need to know whether they are in or near volcano hazard zones and have basic information about the hazards within those zones. In addition, individuals need to know...
Authors
Cynthia A. Gardner, Joseph A. Bard
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 8, 2019
When volcanoes fall down—Catastrophic collapse and debris avalanches
When volcanoes fall down—Catastrophic collapse and debris avalanches
Despite their seeming permanence, volcanoes are prone to catastrophic collapse that can affect vast areas in a matter of minutes. Large collapses begin as gigantic landslides that quickly transform to debris avalanches—chaotically tumbling masses of rock debris that can sweep downslope at extremely high velocities, inundating areas far beyond the volcano. Rapid burial by the debris...
Authors
Lee Siebert, Mark E. Reid, James W. Vallance, Thomas C. Pierson
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
October 22, 2018
2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment
2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment
When erupting, all volcanoes pose a degree of risk to people and infrastructure, however, the risks are not equivalent from one volcano to another because of differences in eruptive style and geographic location. Assessing the relative threats posed by U.S. volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey and its partners...
Authors
John W. Ewert, Angela K. Diefenbach, David W. Ramsey
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Agrigan
Ahyi Seamount
Alamagan
Anatahan
Asuncion
Belknap
Black Butte Crater Lava Field
Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field
Blue Lake Crater
Carrizozo Lava Flow
Cascade Range Weekly Update
Cinnamon Butte
Clear Lake Volcanic Field
Coso Volcanic Field
Crater Lake
Craters of the Moon Volcanic Field
Daikoku Seamount
Davis Lake Volcanic Field
Devils Garden Lava Field
Diamond Craters Volcanic Field
Dotsero Volcanic Center
East Diamante
Esmeralda Bank
Farallon de Pajaros
Fukujin Seamount
Glacier Peak
Guguan
Haleakalā
Hell's Half Acre Lava Field
Hualālai
Indian Heaven Volcanic Field
Jordan Craters Volcanic Field
Kama‘ehuakanaloa
Kasuga 2
Kīlauea
Lassen Volcanic Center
Long Valley Caldera
Mammoth Mountain
Markagunt Plateau Volcanic Field
Maug Islands
Mauna Kea
Mauna Loa
Medicine Lake
Mono Lake Volcanic Field
Mono-Inyo Craters
Mount Adams
Mount Bachelor
Mount Baker
Mount Hood
Mount Jefferson
Mount Rainier
Mount Shasta
Mount St. Helens
Newberry
Ofu-Olosega
Pagan
Red Hill-Quemado Volcanic Field
Ruby
Salton Buttes
San Francisco Volcanic Field
Sand Mountain Volcanic Field
Sarigan
Soda Lakes
South Sarigan Seamount
Supply Reef
Ta'u Island
Three Sisters
Tutuila Island
Ubehebe Craters
Uinkaret Volcanic Field
Valles Caldera
Wapi Lava Field
Weekly Update
West Crater Volcanic Field
Yellowstone
Zealandia Bank
Zuni-Bandera Volcanic Field
May 9, 2018
Lahar—River of volcanic mud and debris
Lahar—River of volcanic mud and debris
Lahar, an Indonesian word for volcanic mudflow, is a mixture of water, mud, and volcanic rock flowing swiftly along a channel draining a volcano. Lahars can form during or after eruptions, or even during periods of inactivity. They are among the greatest threats volcanoes pose to people and property. Lahars can occur with little to no warning, and may travel great distances at high...
Authors
Jon J. Major, Thomas C. Pierson, James W. Vallance
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
July 13, 2016
U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program—Assess, forecast, prepare, engage
U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program—Assess, forecast, prepare, engage
At least 170 volcanoes in 12 States and 2 territories have erupted in the past 12,000 years and have the potential to erupt again. Consequences of eruptions from U.S. volcanoes can extend far beyond the volcano’s immediate area. Many aspects of our daily life are vulnerable to volcano hazards, including air travel, regional power generation and transmission infrastructure, interstate
Authors
Wendy K. Stovall, Aleeza M. Wilkins, Charlie Mandeville, Carolyn L. Driedger
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
September 7, 2008
Mount Rainier— Living safely with a volcano in your backyard
Mount Rainier— Living safely with a volcano in your backyard
Majestic Mount Rainier soars almost 3 miles (14,410 feet) above sea level and looms over the expanding suburbs of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. Each year almost two million visitors come to Mount Rainier National Park to admire the volcano and its glaciers, alpine meadows, and forested ridges. However, the volcano's beauty is deceptive - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research shows...
Authors
Carolyn L. Driedger, William E. Scott
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 21, 2008
Geologic hazards at volcanoes
Geologic hazards at volcanoes
Most volcano hazards are associated with eruptions. However, some hazards, such as lahars and debris avalanches, can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Authors
Bobbie Myers, Carolyn L. Driedger
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
January 1, 2003
Debris-flow hazards caused by hydrologic events at Mount Rainier, Washington
Debris-flow hazards caused by hydrologic events at Mount Rainier, Washington
At 4393 m, ice-clad Mount Rainier has great potential for debris flows owing to its precipitous slopes and incised steep valleys, the large volume of water stored in its glaciers, and a mantle of loose debris on its slopes. In the past 10,000 years, more than sixty Holocene lahars have occurred at Mount Rainier (Scott et al., 1985), and, in addition more than thirty debris flows not...
Authors
James W. Vallance, Michelle L. Cunico, Steve P. Schilling
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Landslide Hazards Program
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Geologic Hazards Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
January 1, 1998
Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, revised 1998
Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, revised 1998
Mount Rainier—at 4393 meters (14,410 feet) the highest peak in the Cascade Range—is a dormant volcano whose load of glacier ice exceeds that of any other mountain in the conterminous United States. This tremendous mass of rock and ice, in combination with great topographic relief, poses a variety of geologic hazards, both during inevitable future eruptions and during the intervening...
Authors
R. Hoblitt, J. S. Wilder, C. L. Driedger, K. M. Scott, P. T. Pringle, J.W. Vallance
Gas monitoring helps tell the story at Mount Rainier.
August 18, 2025
Gas monitoring helps tell the story at Mount Rainier.
Scientists study many different natural processes to understand what is happing just out of our view inside a volcano. There has been a lot of...
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Monitoring stations detect small magnitude earthquakes at Mount Rainier during July and August 2025
July 8, 2025
Monitoring stations detect small magnitude earthquakes at Mount Rainier during July and August 2025
An earthquake swarm that started at Mount Rainier on July 8, 2025, is the largest ever recorded at the volcano.
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How hot is hot when it comes to volcanoes?
October 1, 2024
How hot is hot when it comes to volcanoes?
We all know that volcanoes are figuratively cool, but sometimes it can be a challenge to convey the concept of just how hot they can get.
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Preparing for volcano hazards: Where is the world’s largest lahar evacuation drill held?
April 25, 2024
Preparing for volcano hazards: Where is the world’s largest lahar evacuation drill held?
At around 14,410-feet Mount Rainier, a snowcapped volcano in the Cascade Range, towers above the Puget Lowlands.
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USGS Offers Emergency Managers a New Tool to Assess Lahar Hazards at Mount Rainier
April 29, 2022
USGS Offers Emergency Managers a New Tool to Assess Lahar Hazards at Mount Rainier
U.S. Geological Survey scientists studying Mount Rainier and its hazards for the past 70 years have long recognized that the greatest danger may not...
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Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?
December 19, 2018
Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?
USGS Volcanic Threat Assessment updates the 2005 rankings.
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EarthWord–Lahar
May 16, 2017
EarthWord–Lahar
Which sounds more dangerous, lava or mud? The answer may surprise you...
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May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington State
May 1, 2017
May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington State
May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington, providing residents an opportunity to become more familiar with volcano hazards in their communities...
Read Article
EarthWord–Subduction
September 12, 2016
EarthWord–Subduction
It’s not flirting for submarines, but this week’s EarthWord does feature the ocean...
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EarthWord–Tephra
August 22, 2016
EarthWord–Tephra
Look! In the sky! It’s a bird, it’s a plane! Wait, run, it’s this week’s EarthWord!
Read Article
Related
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
There is no definitive evidence that an eruption at one volcano can trigger an eruption at a volcano that’s hundreds of kilometers/miles away or on a different continent. There are a few historic examples of simultaneous eruptions from volcanoes (or volcanic vents) located within about 10 kilometers (6 miles) of each other, but it's difficult to determine whether one eruption caused the other...
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
Can an eruption at one volcano trigger an eruption at another volcano?
There is no definitive evidence that an eruption at one volcano can trigger an eruption at a volcano that’s hundreds of kilometers/miles away or on a different continent. There are a few historic examples of simultaneous eruptions from volcanoes (or volcanic vents) located within about 10 kilometers (6 miles) of each other, but it's difficult to determine whether one eruption caused the other...
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
Eruptions of Mount Rainier usually produce much less volcanic ash than do eruptions at Mount St. Helens. However, owing to the volcano's great height and widespread cover of snow and glacier ice, eruption triggered debris flows ( lahars) at Mount Rainier are likely to be much larger--and will travel a greater distance--than those at Mount St. Helens in 1980. Furthermore, areas at risk from debris...
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
How would an eruption of Mount Rainier compare to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens?
Eruptions of Mount Rainier usually produce much less volcanic ash than do eruptions at Mount St. Helens. However, owing to the volcano's great height and widespread cover of snow and glacier ice, eruption triggered debris flows ( lahars) at Mount Rainier are likely to be much larger--and will travel a greater distance--than those at Mount St. Helens in 1980. Furthermore, areas at risk from debris...
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Debris flows ( lahars) pose the greatest hazard to people near Mount Rainier. A debris flow is a mixture of mud and rock debris that looks and behaves like flowing concrete. Giant debris flows sometimes develop when large masses of weak, water-saturated rock slide from the volcano's flanks. Many of these debris flows cannot be predicted and may even occur independently of a volcanic eruption...
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Debris flows ( lahars) pose the greatest hazard to people near Mount Rainier. A debris flow is a mixture of mud and rock debris that looks and behaves like flowing concrete. Giant debris flows sometimes develop when large masses of weak, water-saturated rock slide from the volcano's flanks. Many of these debris flows cannot be predicted and may even occur independently of a volcanic eruption...
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
Over geologic time, volcanic eruptions and related processes have directly and indirectly benefited mankind: Volcanic materials ultimately break down and weather to form some of the most fertile soils on Earth, cultivation of which has produced abundant food and fostered civilizations. The internal heat associated with young volcanic systems has been harnessed to produce geothermal energy. Most of...
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
What are some benefits of volcanic eruptions?
Over geologic time, volcanic eruptions and related processes have directly and indirectly benefited mankind: Volcanic materials ultimately break down and weather to form some of the most fertile soils on Earth, cultivation of which has produced abundant food and fostered civilizations. The internal heat associated with young volcanic systems has been harnessed to produce geothermal energy. Most of...
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The...
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
How Do Volcanoes Erupt?
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The...
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
A pyroclastic flow is a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front. Pyroclastic flows can be extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and mobility. For example, during the 1902 eruption of Mont Pelee in Martinique (West Indies)...
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
How dangerous are pyroclastic flows?
A pyroclastic flow is a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front. Pyroclastic flows can be extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and mobility. For example, during the 1902 eruption of Mont Pelee in Martinique (West Indies)...
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Not usually. Earthquakes associated with eruptions rarely exceed magnitude 5, and these moderate earthquakes are not big enough to destroy buildings and roads. The largest earthquakes at Mount St. Helens in 1980 were magnitude 5, large enough to sway trees and damage buildings, but not destroy them. During the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, dozens of light to moderate...
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Do earthquakes large enough to collapse buildings and roads accompany volcanic eruptions?
Not usually. Earthquakes associated with eruptions rarely exceed magnitude 5, and these moderate earthquakes are not big enough to destroy buildings and roads. The largest earthquakes at Mount St. Helens in 1980 were magnitude 5, large enough to sway trees and damage buildings, but not destroy them. During the huge eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, dozens of light to moderate...
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
Eruptions in the Cascades have occurred at an average rate of one to two per century during the last 4,000 years. Future eruptions are certain. Learn more: Eruptions in the Cascade Range During the Past 4,000 Years USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
How many eruptions have there been in the Cascades during the last 4,000 years?
Eruptions in the Cascades have occurred at an average rate of one to two per century during the last 4,000 years. Future eruptions are certain. Learn more: Eruptions in the Cascade Range During the Past 4,000 Years USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
The May 18, 1980 eruptive column at Mount St. Helens fluctuated in height through the day, but the eruption subsided by late afternoon. By early May 19, the eruption had stopped. By that time, the ash cloud had spread to the central United States. Two days later, even though the ash cloud had become more diffuse, fine ash was detected by systems used to monitor air pollution in several cities of...
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
How far did the ash from Mount St. Helens travel?
The May 18, 1980 eruptive column at Mount St. Helens fluctuated in height through the day, but the eruption subsided by late afternoon. By early May 19, the eruption had stopped. By that time, the ash cloud had spread to the central United States. Two days later, even though the ash cloud had become more diffuse, fine ash was detected by systems used to monitor air pollution in several cities of...
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption. Magmatic eruptions involve the rise of magma toward the surface, which normally generates detectable earthquakes. It can also deform the ground surface and cause anomalous heat flow or changes in the temperature and chemistry of the groundwater and spring waters. Steam-blast eruptions, however, can occur with little or no warning as superheated...
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption. Magmatic eruptions involve the rise of magma toward the surface, which normally generates detectable earthquakes. It can also deform the ground surface and cause anomalous heat flow or changes in the temperature and chemistry of the groundwater and spring waters. Steam-blast eruptions, however, can occur with little or no warning as superheated...
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
There are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States. According to a 2018 USGS assessment, 57 volcanoes are a high threat or very high threat to public safety. Many of these volcanoes have erupted in the recent past and will erupt again in the foreseeable future. As populations increase, areas near volcanoes are being developed and aviation routes are increasing. As a result, more...
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
Why is it important to monitor volcanoes?
There are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States. According to a 2018 USGS assessment, 57 volcanoes are a high threat or very high threat to public safety. Many of these volcanoes have erupted in the recent past and will erupt again in the foreseeable future. As populations increase, areas near volcanoes are being developed and aviation routes are increasing. As a result, more...
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
August 1, 2024
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. This .gif is uploaded to Drupal to support Volcano modeling feature story in support of the September’s theme of hazard resilient communities.
By
Communications and Publishing
August 1, 2024
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. Colors represent flow depth.
Animated D-Claw simulation of a hypothetical landslide and lahar originating from the failure of a section of the Tahoma Glacier headwall at Mt. Rainier, WA. This .gif is uploaded to Drupal to support Volcano modeling feature story in support of the September’s theme of hazard resilient communities.
By
Communications and Publishing
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
July 11, 2022
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier (Washington) volcano hazard zones and estimated lahar (volcanic mudflow) arrival times for the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount Rainier
July 11, 2022
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier volcano hazards and lahar arrival times in Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys
Mount Rainier (Washington) volcano hazard zones and estimated lahar (volcanic mudflow) arrival times for the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount Rainier
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
February 22, 2018
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
Title: The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory - Research, monitoring, and the science of preparing society for low-probability, high-consequence events
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
February 22, 2018
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
PubTalk 2/2018 — USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
Title: The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory - Research, monitoring, and the science of preparing society for low-probability, high-consequence events
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
March 15, 2016
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Researcher Amanda Kissel pauses by a lake in Mt. Rainier National Park.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
March 15, 2016
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Field Work on Mount Rainier
Researcher Amanda Kissel pauses by a lake in Mt. Rainier National Park.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
August 1, 2015
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
A view during the 2015 Climate Boot Camp site visit to discuss landscape response to climate change at Mount Rainier, Washington.
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
August 1, 2015
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
View of Mount Rainier
A view during the 2015 Climate Boot Camp site visit to discuss landscape response to climate change at Mount Rainier, Washington.
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
January 18, 2014
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier volcano looms over Puyallup Valley, near Orting, Washington.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Washington Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
January 18, 2014
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier Looms over the Puyallup Valley, Washington
Mount Rainier volcano looms over Puyallup Valley, near Orting, Washington.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Washington Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
May 9, 2012
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Debris flows are hazardous flows of rock, sediment and water that surge down mountain slopes and into adjacent valleys. Hydrologist Richard Iverson describes the nature of debris-flow research and explains how debris flow experiments are conducted at the USGS Debris Flow Flume, west of Eugene, Oregon.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
May 9, 2012
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Volcano Web Shorts 2: Debris Flows
Debris flows are hazardous flows of rock, sediment and water that surge down mountain slopes and into adjacent valleys. Hydrologist Richard Iverson describes the nature of debris-flow research and explains how debris flow experiments are conducted at the USGS Debris Flow Flume, west of Eugene, Oregon.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
March 19, 2008
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Welcome to CoreFacts, where we're always short on time and big on science. I'm Steve Sobieszczyk. Let's get right to it, today's question is:
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
By
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
CoreFacts Album Artwork
CoreFacts Album Artwork
March 19, 2008
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
Welcome to CoreFacts, where we're always short on time and big on science. I'm Steve Sobieszczyk. Let's get right to it, today's question is:
What is the greatest hazard presented by Mount Rainier?
By
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
December 11, 2004
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
December 11, 2004
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Rainier viewed toward the north.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
April 8, 1989
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
By
Natural Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
April 8, 1989
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
Mount Rainier seen from Puyallup, Washington
By
Natural Hazards
Volcano Hazards
Mount Rainier
Communications and Publishing
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
March 21, 1982
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
The lahar flowed from the crater into the North Fork Toutle River valley and eventually reached the Cowlitz River 80 km (50 mi) downstream. The lahar also entered Spirit Lake, which can be seen in the lower left corner.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
March 21, 1982
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the Mount St. Helen...
The lahar flowed from the crater into the North Fork Toutle River valley and eventually reached the Cowlitz River 80 km (50 mi) downstream. The lahar also entered Spirit Lake, which can be seen in the lower left corner.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
October 23, 1980
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Nearly 135 miles (220 kilometers) of river channels surrounding the volcano were affected by the lahars of May 18, 1980. A mudline left behind on trees shows depths reached by the mud.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
October 23, 1980
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Lahars resulting from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens...
Nearly 135 miles (220 kilometers) of river channels surrounding the volcano were affected by the lahars of May 18, 1980. A mudline left behind on trees shows depths reached by the mud.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Cascades Volcano Observatory
Mount St. Helens
Filter Total Items: 17
April 14, 2026
Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information
Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information
Introduction Eruptions at Mount Rainier produce lava flows, plumes of airborne volcanic ash, and avalanches of hot rock, ash, and gas—pyroclastic flows—that rush down the steep, ice-covered slopes of the volcano. Hot rock and ash ejected during an eruption can melt large quantities of snow and ice, forming huge, fast moving mudflows called lahars that travel 30+ miles, all the way to...
Authors
Holly F. Weiss-Racine, Joseph A. Bard, Jessica L. Ball, Carolyn L. Mastin
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
August 15, 2023
Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey
Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey
Introduction Every year in the United States, natural hazards threaten lives and livelihoods, resulting in thousands of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Mission Area works with many partners to monitor, assess, and research a wide range of natural hazards, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These efforts aim to...
Authors
Aleeza Wilkins, Charlie Mandeville, John Power, Douglas D. Given
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Earthquake Hazards Program
Volcano Hazards Program
Earthquake Science Center
Volcano Science Center
November 10, 2022
Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington
Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington
Mount Rainier is the Pacific Northwest’s iconic volcano. At 4,393 meters and situated in the south-central Cascade Range of Washington State, it towers over cities of the Puget Lowland. As the highest summit in the Cascade Range, Mount Rainier hosts 26 glaciers and numerous permanent snow fields covering 87 square kilometers and having a snow and ice volume of about 3.8 cubic kilometers...
Authors
James W. Vallance, Thomas W. Sisson
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 10, 2021
How would a volcanic eruption affect your Tribe?
How would a volcanic eruption affect your Tribe?
Volcanic eruptions are rare, but when they occur, they can profoundly affect nearby communities. In order to determine which communities are at risk, and in order for those communities to mitigate their risk, communities need to know whether they are in or near volcano hazard zones and have basic information about the hazards within those zones. In addition, individuals need to know...
Authors
Cynthia A. Gardner, Joseph A. Bard
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 8, 2019
When volcanoes fall down—Catastrophic collapse and debris avalanches
When volcanoes fall down—Catastrophic collapse and debris avalanches
Despite their seeming permanence, volcanoes are prone to catastrophic collapse that can affect vast areas in a matter of minutes. Large collapses begin as gigantic landslides that quickly transform to debris avalanches—chaotically tumbling masses of rock debris that can sweep downslope at extremely high velocities, inundating areas far beyond the volcano. Rapid burial by the debris...
Authors
Lee Siebert, Mark E. Reid, James W. Vallance, Thomas C. Pierson
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
October 22, 2018
2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment
2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment
When erupting, all volcanoes pose a degree of risk to people and infrastructure, however, the risks are not equivalent from one volcano to another because of differences in eruptive style and geographic location. Assessing the relative threats posed by U.S. volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey and its partners...
Authors
John W. Ewert, Angela K. Diefenbach, David W. Ramsey
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Agrigan
Ahyi Seamount
Alamagan
Anatahan
Asuncion
Belknap
Black Butte Crater Lava Field
Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field
Blue Lake Crater
Carrizozo Lava Flow
Cascade Range Weekly Update
Cinnamon Butte
Clear Lake Volcanic Field
Coso Volcanic Field
Crater Lake
Craters of the Moon Volcanic Field
Daikoku Seamount
Davis Lake Volcanic Field
Devils Garden Lava Field
Diamond Craters Volcanic Field
Dotsero Volcanic Center
East Diamante
Esmeralda Bank
Farallon de Pajaros
Fukujin Seamount
Glacier Peak
Guguan
Haleakalā
Hell's Half Acre Lava Field
Hualālai
Indian Heaven Volcanic Field
Jordan Craters Volcanic Field
Kama‘ehuakanaloa
Kasuga 2
Kīlauea
Lassen Volcanic Center
Long Valley Caldera
Mammoth Mountain
Markagunt Plateau Volcanic Field
Maug Islands
Mauna Kea
Mauna Loa
Medicine Lake
Mono Lake Volcanic Field
Mono-Inyo Craters
Mount Adams
Mount Bachelor
Mount Baker
Mount Hood
Mount Jefferson
Mount Rainier
Mount Shasta
Mount St. Helens
Newberry
Ofu-Olosega
Pagan
Red Hill-Quemado Volcanic Field
Ruby
Salton Buttes
San Francisco Volcanic Field
Sand Mountain Volcanic Field
Sarigan
Soda Lakes
South Sarigan Seamount
Supply Reef
Ta'u Island
Three Sisters
Tutuila Island
Ubehebe Craters
Uinkaret Volcanic Field
Valles Caldera
Wapi Lava Field
Weekly Update
West Crater Volcanic Field
Yellowstone
Zealandia Bank
Zuni-Bandera Volcanic Field
May 9, 2018
Lahar—River of volcanic mud and debris
Lahar—River of volcanic mud and debris
Lahar, an Indonesian word for volcanic mudflow, is a mixture of water, mud, and volcanic rock flowing swiftly along a channel draining a volcano. Lahars can form during or after eruptions, or even during periods of inactivity. They are among the greatest threats volcanoes pose to people and property. Lahars can occur with little to no warning, and may travel great distances at high...
Authors
Jon J. Major, Thomas C. Pierson, James W. Vallance
By
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
July 13, 2016
U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program—Assess, forecast, prepare, engage
U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program—Assess, forecast, prepare, engage
At least 170 volcanoes in 12 States and 2 territories have erupted in the past 12,000 years and have the potential to erupt again. Consequences of eruptions from U.S. volcanoes can extend far beyond the volcano’s immediate area. Many aspects of our daily life are vulnerable to volcano hazards, including air travel, regional power generation and transmission infrastructure, interstate
Authors
Wendy K. Stovall, Aleeza M. Wilkins, Charlie Mandeville, Carolyn L. Driedger
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
September 7, 2008
Mount Rainier— Living safely with a volcano in your backyard
Mount Rainier— Living safely with a volcano in your backyard
Majestic Mount Rainier soars almost 3 miles (14,410 feet) above sea level and looms over the expanding suburbs of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. Each year almost two million visitors come to Mount Rainier National Park to admire the volcano and its glaciers, alpine meadows, and forested ridges. However, the volcano's beauty is deceptive - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research shows...
Authors
Carolyn L. Driedger, William E. Scott
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
May 21, 2008
Geologic hazards at volcanoes
Geologic hazards at volcanoes
Most volcano hazards are associated with eruptions. However, some hazards, such as lahars and debris avalanches, can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.
Authors
Bobbie Myers, Carolyn L. Driedger
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
January 1, 2003
Debris-flow hazards caused by hydrologic events at Mount Rainier, Washington
Debris-flow hazards caused by hydrologic events at Mount Rainier, Washington
At 4393 m, ice-clad Mount Rainier has great potential for debris flows owing to its precipitous slopes and incised steep valleys, the large volume of water stored in its glaciers, and a mantle of loose debris on its slopes. In the past 10,000 years, more than sixty Holocene lahars have occurred at Mount Rainier (Scott et al., 1985), and, in addition more than thirty debris flows not...
Authors
James W. Vallance, Michelle L. Cunico, Steve P. Schilling
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Landslide Hazards Program
Volcano Hazards Program
Volcano Science Center
Geologic Hazards Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
January 1, 1998
Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, revised 1998
Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, revised 1998
Mount Rainier—at 4393 meters (14,410 feet) the highest peak in the Cascade Range—is a dormant volcano whose load of glacier ice exceeds that of any other mountain in the conterminous United States. This tremendous mass of rock and ice, in combination with great topographic relief, poses a variety of geologic hazards, both during inevitable future eruptions and during the intervening...
Authors
R. Hoblitt, J. S. Wilder, C. L. Driedger, K. M. Scott, P. T. Pringle, J.W. Vallance
Gas monitoring helps tell the story at Mount Rainier.
August 18, 2025
Gas monitoring helps tell the story at Mount Rainier.
Scientists study many different natural processes to understand what is happing just out of our view inside a volcano. There has been a lot of...
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Monitoring stations detect small magnitude earthquakes at Mount Rainier during July and August 2025
July 8, 2025
Monitoring stations detect small magnitude earthquakes at Mount Rainier during July and August 2025
An earthquake swarm that started at Mount Rainier on July 8, 2025, is the largest ever recorded at the volcano.
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How hot is hot when it comes to volcanoes?
October 1, 2024
How hot is hot when it comes to volcanoes?
We all know that volcanoes are figuratively cool, but sometimes it can be a challenge to convey the concept of just how hot they can get.
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Preparing for volcano hazards: Where is the world’s largest lahar evacuation drill held?
April 25, 2024
Preparing for volcano hazards: Where is the world’s largest lahar evacuation drill held?
At around 14,410-feet Mount Rainier, a snowcapped volcano in the Cascade Range, towers above the Puget Lowlands.
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USGS Offers Emergency Managers a New Tool to Assess Lahar Hazards at Mount Rainier
April 29, 2022
USGS Offers Emergency Managers a New Tool to Assess Lahar Hazards at Mount Rainier
U.S. Geological Survey scientists studying Mount Rainier and its hazards for the past 70 years have long recognized that the greatest danger may not...
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Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?
December 19, 2018
Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?
USGS Volcanic Threat Assessment updates the 2005 rankings.
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EarthWord–Lahar
May 16, 2017
EarthWord–Lahar
Which sounds more dangerous, lava or mud? The answer may surprise you...
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May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington State
May 1, 2017
May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington State
May is Volcano Preparedness Month in Washington, providing residents an opportunity to become more familiar with volcano hazards in their communities...
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EarthWord–Subduction
September 12, 2016
EarthWord–Subduction
It’s not flirting for submarines, but this week’s EarthWord does feature the ocean...
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EarthWord–Tephra
August 22, 2016
EarthWord–Tephra
Look! In the sky! It’s a bird, it’s a plane! Wait, run, it’s this week’s EarthWord!
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Updated Date: April 15, 2026
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