ISSN - Wikipedia

ISSN - Wikipedia
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(Redirected from
International Standard Serial Number
Serial number used to identify a periodical publication
Not to be confused with
ISBN
For the use of ISSNs on Wikipedia, see
Wikipedia:ISSN
International Standard Serial Number
Acronym
ISSN
Organisation
ISSN International Centre
Introduced
1976
; 50 years ago
1976
No.
issued
> 2,500,000
No.
of digits
Check digit
Weighted sum
Example
2049-3630
Website
www
.issn
.org
ISSN for
Vers Domain
, encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 05
Example of an ISSN, 2049-3630, encoded in an
EAN-13 bar code
, with explanation
ISSN expanded with sequence variant 0 to a
GTIN-13
and encoded in an
EAN-13
barcode with an
EAN-2
add-on designating issue number 13
An
International Standard Serial Number
ISSN
) is an eight-digit code to
uniquely identify
periodical publication
(periodical), such as a magazine.
The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature.
The ISSN system was first drafted as an
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
international standard
in 1971 and published as ISO 3297 in 1975.
ISO subcommittee
TC 46/SC 9
is responsible for maintaining the standard.
When a serial with the same
content
is published in more than one
media type
, a different ISSN is assigned to each media type. For example, many serials are published both in
and
electronic media
. The ISSN system refers to these types as
print ISSN
p-ISSN
) and
electronic ISSN
e-ISSN
).
Consequently, as defined in ISO 3297:2007, every serial in the ISSN system is also assigned a
linking ISSN
ISSN-L
), typically the same as the ISSN assigned to the serial in its first published medium, which links together all ISSNs assigned to the serial in every medium.
Code format
edit
An ISSN is an eight-digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers.
The last digit, which may be zero through nine or an X, is a
check digit
, so the ISSN is uniquely represented by its first seven digits. Formally, the general form of the ISSN (also named "ISSN structure" or "ISSN syntax") can be expressed as follows:
NNNN-NNNC
where
is in the set {
0,1,2,...,9
}, a decimal digit character, and
is in {
0,1,2,...,9,X
}; or by a
Perl Compatible Regular Expressions
(PCRE)
regular expression
]{
]{
}[
For example, the ISSN of the journal
Hearing Research
, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, that is
=5. To calculate the check digit, the following algorithm may be used:
Each of the first seven digits of the ISSN is multiplied by its position in the number, counting from the right, that is, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2, respectively, and the resulting products are added:
21
42
40
20
27
10
160
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&0\cdot 8+3\cdot 7+7\cdot 6+8\cdot 5+5\cdot 4+9\cdot 3+5\cdot 2\\&=0+21+42+40+20+27+10\\&=160\;.\end{aligned}}}
The
remainder
of this sum
modulo
11 is then calculated:
160
11
14
remainder
14
11
{\displaystyle {\frac {160}{11}}=14{\mbox{ remainder }}6=14+{\frac {6}{11}}}
If there is no remainder, the check digit is 0; otherwise the remainder is subtracted from 11. If the result is less than 10, it yields the check digit:
11
{\displaystyle 11-6=5\;.}
Thus, in this example, the check digit
is 5.
If the result is 10 (that is, if the remainder is 1), the check digit is an uppercase X (like a
Roman ten
).
To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by their position in the number, counting from the right. (If the check digit is X, add 10 to the sum.) The remainder of the sum modulo 11 must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, based on the above algorithm.
citation needed
In EANs
edit
ISSNs can be encoded in
EAN-13 bar codes
with a 977 "country code" (compare the 978 "
bookland
" country code for
ISBNs
), followed by the 7 main digits of the ISSN (the check digit is not included), followed by 2 publisher-defined digits, followed by the EAN check digit (in most cases, this will not match the ISSN check digit, since they are each calculated in a different way).
Code assignment, maintenance and look-up
edit
ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at
national libraries
and coordinated by the
ISSN International Centre
(CIEPS
) based in
Paris
. The International Centre is an
intergovernmental organization
created in 1974 through an agreement between
UNESCO
and the French government.
Linking ISSN
edit
ISSN-L
is a
unique identifier
for all versions of the serial containing the same
content
across different media. As defined by
ISO 3297:2007
, the "linking ISSN (ISSN-L)" provides a mechanism for collocation or linking among the different media versions of the same continuing resource. The
ISSN-L
is one of a serial's existing ISSNs, so does not change the use or assignment of "ordinary" ISSNs;
it is based on the ISSN of the first published medium version of the publication. If the print and online versions of the publication are published at the same time, the ISSN of the print version is chosen as the basis of the
ISSN-L
With
ISSN-L
is possible to designate one single ISSN for all those media versions of the title. The use of
ISSN-L
facilitates search, retrieval and delivery across all media versions for services like
OpenURL
library catalogues
search engines
or
knowledge bases
edit
The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, the
ISDS Register
(International Serials Data System), otherwise known as the
ISSN Register
. At the end of 2016,
[update]
the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items.
10
The Register is not freely available for interrogation on the web, but is available by subscription.
The print version of a serial typically will include the ISSN code as part of the publication information.
Most serial websites contain ISSN code information.
Derivative lists of publications will often contain ISSN codes; these can be found through on-line searches with the ISSN code itself or serial title.
WorldCat
permits searching its catalog by ISSN, by entering "issn:" before the code in the query field. One can also go directly to an ISSN's record by appending it to "
", e.g.
n2:1021-9749 – Search Results
. This does not query the ISSN Register itself, but rather shows whether any WorldCat library holds an item with the given ISSN.
Comparison with other identifiers
edit
ISSN and
ISBN
codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual
books
. An ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an anonymous identifier associated with a serial title, containing no
information
as to the
publisher
or its
location
. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change.
Extensions
edit
Since the ISSN applies to an entire serial, other identifiers have been built on top of it to allow references to specific volumes, articles, or other identifiable components (like the
table of contents
): the
Publisher Item Identifier
(PII) and the
Serial Item and Contribution Identifier
(SICI).
Media versus content
edit
Separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media (except reproduction
microforms
). Thus, the
and
electronic media
versions of a serial need separate ISSNs,
11
and
CD-ROM
versions and
web
versions require different ISSNs. However, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats (e.g.
PDF
and
HTML
) of the same online serial.
This "media-oriented identification" of serials made sense in the 1970s. In the 1990s and onward, with personal computers, better screens, and the Web, it makes sense to consider only
content
, independent of media. This "content-oriented identification" of serials was a
repressed demand
during a decade, but no ISSN update or initiative occurred. A natural extension for ISSN, the unique-identification of the articles in the serials, was the main demand application. An alternative serials' contents model arrived with the
indecs Content Model
and its application, the
digital object identifier
(DOI), an ISSN-independent initiative, consolidated in the 2000s.
Only later, in 2007, ISSN-L was defined in the new ISSN standard (ISO 3297:2007) as an "ISSN designated by the ISSN Network to enable collocation or versions of a continuing resource linking among the different media".
12
Use in URNs
edit
An ISSN can be encoded as a
uniform resource name
(URN) by prefixing it with "
urn:ISSN:
".
For example,
Rail
could be referred to as "
urn:ISSN:0953-4563
". URN namespaces are case-sensitive, and the ISSN namespace is all caps.
13
If the checksum digit is "X" then it is always encoded in uppercase in a URN.
Problems
edit
The URNs are
content-oriented
, but ISSN is media-oriented:
ISSN is not unique
when the concept is "a journal is a set of contents, generally copyrighted content": the same journal (same contents and same copyrights) may have two or more ISSN codes. A URN needs to point to "unique content" (a "unique journal" as a "set of contents" reference).
Example:
Nature
has an ISSN for print, 0028-0836, and another for the same content on the Web, 1476-4687; only the oldest (0028-0836) is used as a
unique identifier
. As the ISSN is not unique, the
U.S. National Library of Medicine
needed to create, prior to 2007, the NLM Unique ID (JID).
14
ISSN
does not offer
resolution mechanisms
like a
digital object identifier
(DOI) or a URN does, so the DOI is used as a URN for articles, with (for historical reasons) no need for an ISSN's existence.
Example: the DOI name "10.1038/nature13777" can be represented as an HTTP string by
10.1038/nature13777
, and is
redirected
(resolved) to the current article's page; but there is no ISSN online service, like
, to resolve the ISSN of the journal (in this sample
1476-4687
).
A unique URN for serials simplifies the search, recovery and delivery of data for various services including, in particular,
search systems
and
knowledge databases
12
ISSN-L
(see
Linking ISSN
above) was created to fill this gap.
Media category labels
edit
The two standard categories of media in which serials are most available are
and
electronic
. In
metadata
contexts (e.g.,
JATS
), these may have standard labels.
Print ISSN
edit
p-ISSN
is a standard label for "Print ISSN", the ISSN for the
print media
(paper) version of a serial. Usually it is the "default media" and so the "default ISSN".
Electronic ISSN
edit
e-ISSN
(or
eISSN
) is a standard label for "Electronic ISSN", the ISSN for the
electronic media
(online) version of a serial.
15
ROAD
edit
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
it
(est. 2013), produced by the
ISSN International Centre
and
UNESCO
16
See also
edit
CODEN
WorldCat
—an ISSN-resolve service
References
edit
"What is an ISSN?"
. Paris: ISSN International Centre.
Archived
from the original on 16 July 2014
. Retrieved
13 July
2014
"Collection Metadata Standards"
. British Library.
Archived
from the original on 15 July 2014
. Retrieved
14 July
2014
"ISSN, a Standardised Code"
. Paris: ISSN International Centre.
Archived
from the original on 16 July 2014
. Retrieved
13 July
2014
ISSN InterNational Centre.
"The ISSN for electronic media"
ISSN
Archived
from the original on 11 October 2017
. Retrieved
3 April
2020
"3".
ISSN Manual
(PDF)
. Paris: ISSN International Centre. January 2015. pp. 14, 16,
55–
58. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 12 July 2020
. Retrieved
22 October
2018
HTML version available at www.issn.org
Archived
18 October 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
Thren, Slawek Rozenfeld (January 2001).
Using The ISSN (International Serial Standard Number) as URN (Uniform Resource Names) within an ISSN-URN Namespace
. Network Working Group.
doi
10.17487/RFC3044
RFC
3044
Historic.
Obsoleted by
RFC
8254
Identification with the GTIN 13 barcode
. ISSN International Centre.
Archived
from the original on 29 June 2020.
From the French,
Centre International d'Enregistrement des Publications en Série
"Linking ISSN (ISSN-L)"
www.nationallibrary.fi
. Archived from
the original
on 26 September 2015
. Retrieved
23 December
2018
"Total number of records in the ISSN Register"
(PDF)
. ISSN International Centre. February 2017.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 24 February 2017
. Retrieved
23 February
2017
"ISSN for Electronic Serials"
. U.S. ISSN Center, Library of Congress. 19 February 2010.
Archived
from the original on 17 February 2014
. Retrieved
12 July
2014
"The ISSN-L for publications on multiple media"
. ISSN International Centre.
Archived
from the original on 16 July 2014
. Retrieved
12 July
2014
Powell, Andy; Johnston, Pete; Campbell, Lorna; Barker, Phil (21 June 2006).
"Guidelines for using resource identifiers in Dublin Core metadata §4.5 ISSN"
Dublin Core Architecture Wiki
. Archived from
the original
on 13 May 2012.
"MEDLINE/PubMed Data Element (Field) Descriptions"
. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 7 May 2014. Archived from
the original
on 27 April 2019
. Retrieved
19 July
2014
"La nueva Norma ISSN facilita la vida de la comunidad de las publicaciones en serie", A. Roucolle.
"La nueva norma ISSN"
. Archived from
the original
on 10 December 2014
. Retrieved
29 October
2014
"Road in a nutshell"
Road.issn.org
. Archived from
the original
on 5 September 2017
. Retrieved
12 September
2017
External links
edit
ISSN
at Wikipedia's
sister projects
Media
from Commons
Taxa
from Wikispecies
Data
from Wikidata
Wikidata
has the property:
ISSN (P236)
(see
uses
ISSN International Centre
ISSN Portal
List of 63800 ISSN numbers and titles
self-published source
ISSN InterNational Centre (January 2015),
ISSN Manual
(PDF)
(2015 ed.), Paris: ISSN InterNational Centre, archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 12 July 2020
, retrieved
22 October
2018
How U.S. publishers can obtain an ISSN
, United States: Library of Congress
Canada, Library Archives (8 January 2020),
ISSN Canada
, Ottawa:
Library and Archives Canada
archived
from the original on 26 February 2015
, retrieved
3 April
2020
Getting an ISSN in the UK
, British Library, archived from
the original
on 15 July 2014
, retrieved
8 October
2008
Getting an ISSN in France
(in French), Bibliothèque nationale de France, 15 June 2023
Getting an ISSN in Germany
(in German), Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, archived from
the original
on 11 December 2017
, retrieved
8 March
2012
Getting an ISSN in South Africa
, National Library of South Africa, archived from
the original
on 24 December 2017
, retrieved
7 January
2015
International numbering standards
Standards
ISO 2108:
International Standard Book Number
(ISBN)
ISO 3297:
International Standard Serial Number
(ISSN)
ISO 3901:
International Standard Recording Code
(ISRC)
ISO 6166:
International Securities Identification Number
(ISIN)
ISO/IEC 7812
: Issuer Identification Number (IIN)
ISO 9362
: Business Entity Identifier (BIC)
ISO 10957:
International Standard Music Number
(ISMN)
ISO 13616:
International Bank Account Number
(IBAN)
ISO 15511:
International Standard Identifier for Libraries...
(ISIL)
ISO 15706:
International Standard Audiovisual Number
(ISAN)
ISO 15707:
International Standard Musical Work Code
(ISWC)
ISO 17316:
International Standard Link Identifier
(ISLI)
ISO 17442:
Legal Entity Identifier
(LEI)
ISO 21047:
International Standard Text Code
(ISTC)
ISO 26324:
Digital Object Identifier
System (DOI)
ISO 27729:
International Standard Name Identifier
(ISNI)
ISO 27730: International Standard Collection Identifier (ISCI)
CAE
IPI
Virtual International Authority File
(VIAF)
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) standards
List of
ISO standards
ISO romanizations
IEC standards
1–9999
16
17
31
-0
-1
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
68-1
128
216
217
226
228
233
259
261
262
302
306
361
500
518
519
639
-1
-2
-3
-5
-6
646
657
668
690
704
732
764
838
843
860
898
965
999
1000
1004
1007
1073-1
1073-2
1155
1413
1538
1629
1745
1989
2014
2015
2022
2033
2047
2108
2145
2146
2240
2281
2533
2709
2711
2720
2788
2848
2852
2921
3029
3103
3166
-1
-2
-3
3297
3307
3601
3602
3864
3901
3950
3977
4031
4157
4165
4217
4909
5218
5426
5427
5428
5725
5775
5776
5800
5807
5964
6166
6344
6346
6373
6385
6425
6429
6438
6523
6709
6943
7001
7002
7010
7027
7064
7098
7185
7200
7498
-1
7637
7736
7810
7811
7812
7813
7816
7942
8000
8093
8178
8217
8373
8501-1
8571
8583
8601
8613
8632
8651
8652
8691
8805/8806
8807
8820-5
8859
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-8-I
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
8879
9000/9001
9036
9075
9126
9141
9227
9241
9293
9314
9362
9407
9496
9506
9529
9564
9592/9593
9594
9660
9797-1
9897
9899
9945
9984
9985
9995
10000–19999
10006
10007
10116
10118-3
10160
10161
10165
10179
10206
10218
10279
10303
-11
-21
-22
-28
-238
10383
10585
10589
10628
10646
10664
10746
10861
10957
10962
10967
11073
11170
11172
11179
11404
11544
11783
11784
11785
11801
11889
11898
11940
-2
11941
11941 (TR)
11992
12006
12052
12182
12207
12234-2
12620
13211
-1
-2
13216
13250
13399
13406-2
13450
13485
13490
13567
13568
13584
13616
13816
13818
14000
14031
14224
14289
14396
14443
14496
-2
-3
-6
-10
-11
-12
-14
-17
-20
14617
14644
14649
14651
14698
14764
14882
14971
15022
15118
15189
15288
15291
15398
15408
15444
-3
-9
15445
15438
15504
15511
15686
15693
15706
-2
15707
15897
15919
15924
15926
15926 WIP
15930
15938
16023
16262
16355-1
16485
16612-2
16750
16949 (TS)
17024
17025
17100
17203
17369
17442
17506
17799
18004
18014
18181
18245
18629
18760
18916
19005
19011
19092
-1
-2
19114
19115
19125
19136
19407
19439
19500
19501
19502
19503
19505
19506
19507
19508
19509
19510
19600
19650
19752
19757
19770
19775-1
19794-5
19831
20000–29999
20000
20022
20121
20400
20802
20830
21000
21001
21047
21122
21500
21778
21827
22000
22275
22300
22301
22395
22537
23000
23003
23008
23009
23090-3
23092
23094-1
23094-2
23270
23271
23360
23941
24517
24613
24617
24707
24728
25178
25964
26000
26262
26300
26324
27000 series
27000
27001
27002
27005
27006
27729
28000
29110
29148
29199-2
29500
30000+
30170
31000
32000
37001
38500
39075
40230
40240
40250
40260
40314
40500
42010
45001
50001
55000
56000
80000
Category
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