Papers by Jadwiga Potrzeszcz
Prawo i Więź, 2025
The goal of the present paper is the attempt to identify and distinguish between the phenomena of... more The goal of the present paper is the attempt to identify and distinguish between the phenomena of creative interpretation and so-called law-making interpretation. The starting point is the assumption that the concepts of creative interpretation and so-called law-making interpretation are not identical, although they are frequently used interchangeably in legal doctrine and judicial practice. Recognition of the need to distinguish between creative interpretation and the phenomenon of so-called law-making interpretation is inextricably related to the thesis adopted and argued in this paper, according to which creative interpretation is an acceptable, frequently required and indispensable form of interpretation, whereas so-called law-making interpretation in its essence is by no means interpretation, but occurs in legal practice and is a phenomenon that must not be accepted under any circumstances. In principle, the prohibition of legal interpretation is widely recognized in doctrine and judicial practice. Although such a prohibition applies to all entities interpreting the law, it is particularly relevant to the judiciary in the context of the principle of the separation of powers. An interpreter is not allowed to create legal norms in a subjective and arbitrary manner, because such an act is no longer interpretation but enters the realm of law-making. The issue at stake is not law-making understood as the creation of legal provisions, but law-making understood as the creation of legal norms that have not been previously codified by a rational legislator in legal provisions.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie, Dec 30, 2011
Streszczenie. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została koncepcja mentalistycznej etyki autorst... more Streszczenie. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została koncepcja mentalistycznej etyki autorstwa dwóch młodych uczonych, prawników i filozofów, Matthiasa Mahlmanna, profesora z Uniwersytetu w Zurychu, i Johna Mikhaila, profesora z Uniwersytetu Georgtown w Waszyngtonie. Inspirację czerpali od Noama Chomsky'ego, światowej sławy językoznawcy, badacza ludzkiej natury i funkcjonowania ludzkiego umysłu, pod kierunkiem którego studiowali w latach 90. XX w. w Massachusetts Institute of Technology w Cambridge. Szczególny akcent został połoŜony na wyjaśnienie genezy mentalistycznej etyki. Dlatego teŜ przedstawiona została najpierw koncepcja gramatyki w systemie badawczym Noama Chomsky'ego oraz jego idea uniwersalnej gramatyki moralności, którą rozwijają M. Mahlmann i J. Mikhail. Nie poprzestają oni jednak na tym, lecz podejmują próbę zastosowania wyników swoich badań w dziedzinie teorii i filozofii prawa.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie, Jun 29, 2019
This article defines the concept of child's legal security. In addition, an analysis of the child... more This article defines the concept of child's legal security. In addition, an analysis of the child's legal security concept was carried out taking into account the aspect of objectivity and subjectivity. The analysis of the child's legal security concept has been enriched with examples of legal provisions in which a given aspect of the child's legal security is implemented.
Aksjologia systemu prawa teoria i praktyka / Axiology of the legal system. Theory and practice, 2023
The issue of the axiology of law addressed in the present dissertation encompasses a multiplicity... more The issue of the axiology of law addressed in the present dissertation encompasses a multiplicity of specific problems, which are identifiable by adopting two perspectives: 1) law as a value, 2) values in law.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
This paper discusses the issue of legal applicability of the conscience clause with respect to se... more This paper discusses the issue of legal applicability of the conscience clause with respect to service providers. In the Polish legal order, at the statutory level, currently there are no provisions regarding the conscience clause of service providers. When assessing the issue from the perspective of legal security, the implementation of the abovementioned legal provisions into the Polish legal system appears to be a priority, since it would significantly improve the legal security of both service providers and service recipients.
Kościół i Prawo
W znakomitej, redagowanej przez ks. Henryka Sławińskiego, serii wydawniczej "Ancilla Verbi" Wydaw... more W znakomitej, redagowanej przez ks. Henryka Sławińskiego, serii wydawniczej "Ancilla Verbi" Wydawnictwa OO. Bernardynów Calvarianum opublikowana została monografia autorstwa o. Egidiusza Jarosława Włodarczyka OFM pt. Głoszenie słowa Bożego w sanktuarium w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej po Soborze Watykańskim II. Studium historyczno-homiletyczne, jako kolejny, dwunasty tom. Struktura tego obszernego dzieła jest standardowa. We wstępie Autor nawiązał do jubileuszu 400-lecia istnienia pasyjno-maryjnego sanktuarium w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej, przypadającego na 2002 r. Podkreślił znaczenie, jakie na przestrzeni dziejów odgrywała i wciąż odgrywa ta sui
Przegląd Sejmowy, 2019
, organized by the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Law at the Faculty of Law, Canon Law an... more , organized by the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Law at the Faculty of Law, Canon Law and Administration of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin-the 23 rd Meeting of the Departments of Theory of Philosophy of Law "State-Society-Culture: Formal and Informal Sources of Law" The conference dealt with the problems of the sources of law and lawmaking, significant due to the scale of activity of lawmaking, the scope of juridization of social life and dynamic socio-cultural transformations Słowa kluczowe: źródła prawa, tworzenie prawa, teoria i filozofia prawa, konferencja
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
The interest in the issue of legal security nowadays is very big and has an upward trend. This is... more The interest in the issue of legal security nowadays is very big and has an upward trend. This issue is also present today in public discourse. However, it turns out that individual participants of this discourse have problems with clear defining the term ‘legal security’. Their understanding of this term is often intuitive or partial. Therefore, there is the importance of presentation of my point of view on the issue of legal security in a synthetic form. The aim of this article is presentation of the definition and structure of the concept of legal security. The worked out concept has its practical usefulness and may be helpful in explanation of numerous problems connected with the functioning of important legal principles and phenomena.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
The considerations in this article relate to the relationship between state security and the nece... more The considerations in this article relate to the relationship between state security and the necessity of introduction restrictions on constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen. In order to present the multidimensionality of this relationship, the author first explained the concept of state security with regard to the meaning of constituent concepts, namely the concept of state and the notion of security. Subsequently, the analysis of constitutional provisions was carried out from the point of view of their relationship with the concept of state security and in the context of protection of constitutional freedoms and human and civil rights. The analysis has proven that in many cases the implementation of state security requires restrictions on constitutional freedoms and rights of man and citizens. These restrictions should respect the principle of proportionality.
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
This article undertakes the issue of the life and scientific activity of Rev. Prof. Antoni Kość, ... more This article undertakes the issue of the life and scientific activity of Rev. Prof. Antoni Kość, particularly his contribution to the development of Polish and world philosophy of law. The author presents the biography of Antoni Kość beginning with the schooldays. In the article have been descibed the following stages: the seminary and theology studies in the Catholic University of Lublin; missionary work and law studies in Japan; law studies in Germany and the United States; studies and work at the universities in Japan and Korea; work at the Catholic University of Lublin. The author presents also the academic achievements of Prof. Antoni Kość.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
The article emphasizes the importance of legal security in criminal law. The proposed definition ... more The article emphasizes the importance of legal security in criminal law. The proposed definition of legal security – according to which legal security is a state achieved by law established in general, and in particular by means of criminal law, in which human life’s goods and interests are protected in the most comprehensive and effective possible manner – harmonizes properly with the most important functions of criminal law, namely with a protective function and a guarantee function. The proposed understanding of legal security may be helpful for clarifying numerous issues related to the implementation of both the protective function and the guarantee function of criminal law. Although legal security is a particularly important value in criminal law, in the hitherto achievements of the doctrine and in the jurisprudence of criminal law, this value is sparsely the subject of considerations. The article indicates the necessity and possibility of further detailed research in the field...
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
W niniejszym artykule wprowadzone zostały do dyskursu naukowego nowe kategorie, a mianowicie kate... more W niniejszym artykule wprowadzone zostały do dyskursu naukowego nowe kategorie, a mianowicie kategoria podmiotu biernego bezpieczeństwa prawnego i kategoria podmiotu czynnego tegoż bezpieczeństwa. Potrzeba wprowadzenia tych kategorii ujawniła się w toku prowadzonych dyskusji nad pojęciem bezpieczeństwa prawnego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: Kto i dlaczego jest podmiotem biernym bezpieczeństwa prawnego, a kto jest podmiotem czynnym? Ponadto rozważana będzie kwestia, czy podmiot bierny bezpieczeństwa prawnego w pewnych okolicznościach występuje także w roli podmiotu czynnego i odwrotnie: czy także podmiot czynny bezpieczeństwa prawnego sam może okazać się podmiotem biernym tegoż bezpieczeństwa. Autorka broni tezy, że podmiotem biernym bezpieczeństwa prawnego jest przede wszystkim każdy człowiek. Suweren zaś jest przede wszystkim podmiotem czynnym bezpieczeństwa prawnego. Jednakże istnieją takie okoliczności, w których podmiot bierny pełni także (w pewnym zakre...
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie, 2023
This paper discusses the issue of legal applicability of the conscience clause with respect to se... more This paper discusses the issue of legal applicability of the conscience clause with respect to service providers. In the Polish legal order, at the statutory level, currently there are no provisions regarding the conscience clause of service providers. When assessing the issue from the perspective of legal security, the implementation of the abovementioned legal provisions into the Polish legal system appears to be a priority, since it would significantly improve the legal security of both service providers and service recipients.
Political Ethics edited by Piotr Świercz, Ignatianum University Press, Krakow , 2021
DEFINITION OF THE TERM: When defining the relationship between
law and morality, the fact that bo... more DEFINITION OF THE TERM: When defining the relationship between
law and morality, the fact that both concepts are ambiguous must be taken
into account. Thus, its analysis depends on the specific meaning of the
terms ‘law’ and ‘morality’ and the relationships that exist between them.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TERM: In simple terms, it can be said
that proponents of legal positivism advocate that law and morality should
be treated as separate entities, while non-positivists support the thesis
that law and morality are interrelated.
DISCUSSION OF THE TERM: From the perspective of set theory, the
rules embodied in legal norms and moral norms fully describe the possible
relationships that exist between the two sets. The relationships between
law and morality are also analysed with regard to the scope of subjective
and substantive regulation of these norms and their qualification.
SYSTEMATIC REFLECTION WITH CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
A number of controversies arise at the point where law
and morality meet. The most significant of these controversies is defining
the essence of morality in the context of the dispute between proponents
of the relativism of values and proponents of the universalism of values.
Questions about human nature and the status of the antinomy of goodness
and evil are fundamental to this debate. To date, no clear answers to
these disputes have been found.
law and morality, the fact that both concepts are ambiguous must be taken
into account. Thus, its analysis depends on the specific meaning of the
terms ‘law’ and ‘morality’ and the relationships that exist between them.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TERM: In simple terms, it can be said
that proponents of legal positivism advocate that law and morality should
be treated as separate entities, while non-positivists support the thesis
that law and morality are interrelated.
DISCUSSION OF THE TERM: From the perspective of set theory, the
rules embodied in legal norms and moral norms fully describe the possible
relationships that exist between the two sets. The relationships between
law and morality are also analysed with regard to the scope of subjective
and substantive regulation of these norms and their qualification.
SYSTEMATIC REFLECTION WITH CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
A number of controversies arise at the point where law
and morality meet. The most significant of these controversies is defining
the essence of morality in the context of the dispute between proponents
of the relativism of values and proponents of the universalism of values.
Questions about human nature and the status of the antinomy of goodness
and evil are fundamental to this debate. To date, no clear answers to
these disputes have been found.
Etyka Polityczna pod red. Piotra Świercza, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Kraków, 2021
DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Przy definiowaniu relacji prawa i moralności należy
uwzględnić fakt, że każde ... more DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Przy definiowaniu relacji prawa i moralności należy
uwzględnić fakt, że każde z pojęć składowych jest wieloznaczne. Ustalenie
rodzaju tej zależności będzie zależało od tego, w jakim konkretnym
znaczeniu prawo oraz moralność zostaną określone w ich wzajemnej
relacji.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA: W pewnym uproszczeniu można stwierdzić,
że zwolennicy pozytywizmu prawniczego głoszą tezę o rozdziale
prawa i moralności. Z kolei niepozytywiści propagują tezę o konieczności
związku prawa i moralności.
PROBLEMOWE UJĘCIE POJĘCIA: Z perspektywy teorii zbiorów, zawartość
treściowa norm prawnych i norm moralnych w pełni opisuje
możliwe relacje między dwoma zbiorami. Zależności treściowe między
prawem a moralnością ujmowane są również w odniesieniu do zakresu
podmiotowej i przedmiotowej regulacji tych norm oraz ich kwalifikacji.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI:
Na styku prawa i moralności powstaje wiele kwestii spornych. Fundamentalną
wagę ma sprawa określenia istoty moralności w kontekście
sporu zwolenników relatywizmu oraz uniwersalizmu wartości. Charakter
podstawowy mają pytania o ludzką naturę oraz o status antynomii
dobra i zła. Dotychczas nie udzielono na nie jednoznacznej odpowiedzi.
uwzględnić fakt, że każde z pojęć składowych jest wieloznaczne. Ustalenie
rodzaju tej zależności będzie zależało od tego, w jakim konkretnym
znaczeniu prawo oraz moralność zostaną określone w ich wzajemnej
relacji.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA: W pewnym uproszczeniu można stwierdzić,
że zwolennicy pozytywizmu prawniczego głoszą tezę o rozdziale
prawa i moralności. Z kolei niepozytywiści propagują tezę o konieczności
związku prawa i moralności.
PROBLEMOWE UJĘCIE POJĘCIA: Z perspektywy teorii zbiorów, zawartość
treściowa norm prawnych i norm moralnych w pełni opisuje
możliwe relacje między dwoma zbiorami. Zależności treściowe między
prawem a moralnością ujmowane są również w odniesieniu do zakresu
podmiotowej i przedmiotowej regulacji tych norm oraz ich kwalifikacji.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI:
Na styku prawa i moralności powstaje wiele kwestii spornych. Fundamentalną
wagę ma sprawa określenia istoty moralności w kontekście
sporu zwolenników relatywizmu oraz uniwersalizmu wartości. Charakter
podstawowy mają pytania o ludzką naturę oraz o status antynomii
dobra i zła. Dotychczas nie udzielono na nie jednoznacznej odpowiedzi.
"Prawo i Więź", 2022
In the present study, the author argues that a necessary condition for the proper,
thus professi... more In the present study, the author argues that a necessary condition for the proper,
thus professional, exercise of the judicial profession is the independence of a judge which is
conditioned by his or her moral autonomy. In other words, moral autonomy is conditio sine
qua non of independence of a judge and thus is also a necessary condition for the professional exercise of the judicial profession. Therefore, the moral autonomy of a judge is a desirable and indispensable feature of a person exercising the judicial profession, as without
having moral autonomy the independence of a judge is impossible at all, regardless of the
number of systemic safeguards provided in the legal order. Such safeguards are certainly
necessary, however, on the one hand, they do not per se ensure judicial independence and,
on the other hand, they do not have the power to make that judge’s independence suddenly
disappear due to any interference with them.
In the context of judicial independence, the concept of moral autonomy has not
been applied to date. The jurisprudence and literature on the subject indicate types, components, or guarantees of the judge’s independence, as well as the threats to it, however, there
is no concept that encompasses the whole issue and that conditions the said independence.
According to the author, the concept of moral autonomy is such a notion.
thus professional, exercise of the judicial profession is the independence of a judge which is
conditioned by his or her moral autonomy. In other words, moral autonomy is conditio sine
qua non of independence of a judge and thus is also a necessary condition for the professional exercise of the judicial profession. Therefore, the moral autonomy of a judge is a desirable and indispensable feature of a person exercising the judicial profession, as without
having moral autonomy the independence of a judge is impossible at all, regardless of the
number of systemic safeguards provided in the legal order. Such safeguards are certainly
necessary, however, on the one hand, they do not per se ensure judicial independence and,
on the other hand, they do not have the power to make that judge’s independence suddenly
disappear due to any interference with them.
In the context of judicial independence, the concept of moral autonomy has not
been applied to date. The jurisprudence and literature on the subject indicate types, components, or guarantees of the judge’s independence, as well as the threats to it, however, there
is no concept that encompasses the whole issue and that conditions the said independence.
According to the author, the concept of moral autonomy is such a notion.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
This article defines the concept of legal security of the state in the sphere of public finance a... more This article defines the concept of legal security of the state in the sphere of public finance and the concept of legal security of the taxpayer. Subsequently, it presents a critical analysis of the legal interpretation directives that was carried out, taking into account the specificity of tax law and normatively defined institutions that guarantee the legal security of tax law recipients.
Studia Prawnicze KUL, 2020
In this article it was formulated the thesis on the existence of a natural human right to securi... more In this article it was formulated the thesis on the existence of a natural human right to security, and subsequently the analyse of the issue of the relationship between the natural human right to security and security as a constitutional human right. The primary objective of the research was to answer the question whether the natural human right to security influences the existence of security as a human right, guaranteed by positive law, in particular in constitutional law. The above analysis of the provisions of the Polish Constitution proved that the right to security as a constitutional human right was not expressly stated in any of these provisions. Certainly, the formulation of an explicit constitutional human right to security raises concerns about the scope of the citizen’s ability to enforce this right from the state, e.g. by means of a constitutional complaint. Regardless of the difficulties raised, it is worth interpreting the constitutional human right to security fr...
Studia Prawnicze KUL, 2022
W kontekście istniejących współcześnie trudności z określeniem, czym jest sprawiedliwość społeczn... more W kontekście istniejących współcześnie trudności z określeniem, czym jest sprawiedliwość społeczna, poglądy Antoniego Szymańskiego zdaniem autorki rzucają światło na istotę problemu i przynoszą jego rozwiązanie. Niesłusznie pozostają one obecnie w całkowitym zapomnieniu. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie krytycznej analizy dzieł Antoniego Szymańskiego oraz zrekonstruowanie jego poglądów na temat sprawiedliwości społecznej. Analiza dzieł Antoniego Szymańskiego została przeprowadzona w kontekście encykliki Quadragesimo anno.