Jana Javornik - University of East London

Jana Javornik - University of East London
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Jana Javornik
University of East London
Sociology and Social Policy
Faculty Member
University of Southampton
Work Futures Research Centre
Member
University of Iceland
Social Sciences - Faculty of Social and Human Sciences
Visiting scholar
Umeå University
Sociology
Affiliated researcher
University of Alberta
Human Ecology
Visiting Fellow & External Examiner
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Associate Professor of Comparative Social Policy, Director of the Noon Centre for Equality and Diversity in Business, BSc Sociology Programme Director
External affiliations:
June 2013 onwards - Centre for International Research on Care, Labour & Equalities (CIRCLE), School of Sociology & Social Policy, University of Leeds.
Former posts:
2013-2016: BSS WCGT Fellow, University of Leeds
2011-2013:  Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Sociology (Welfare State Studies Programme), Umeå University, Sweden.
2001-2011: Senior Policy Adviser, Slovenian Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development (Department for Social Welfare and Social Development).
1998-2011:  Detached national expert to the European Commission and the Stability Pact Gender Task Force; involved in a series of the World Bank, ILO, UNDP, UNIFEM and European Industrial Relations Observatory funded projects, exploring equal opportunities and social (policy) change in pEastern Europe.
Research interests:
My research contributes to comparative welfare state research. I explore in particular work-family policies and the role of the state as a social policy player in care/employment solutions in diverse contexts, focusing on Eastern and Northern Europe.
Writing on the following issues:
1) Work-family interface and work-family policies
2) Methodology for comparative analysis of work-family policies
3) Maternal employment
5) Gender roles and parenting
6) Well-being and sustainability
Supervisors:
Advisor and Supervisor
University of Leeds
School of Sociology & Social Policy
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Papers by Jana Javornik
Premature mortality in Slovenia in relation to selected biological, socioeconomic, and geographical determinants
Croatian medical journal
, 2006
To determine biological (sex and age), socioeconomic (marital status, education, and mother tongu...
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To determine biological (sex and age), socioeconomic (marital status, education, and mother tongue) and geographical (region) factors connected with causes of death and lifespan (age at death, years-of-potential-life-lost, and mortality rate) in Slovenia in the 1990s. In this population-based cross-sectional study, we analyzed all deaths in the 25-64 age group (N=14 816) in Slovenia in 1992, 1995, and 1998. Causes of death, classified into groups according to the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases, were linked to the data on the deceased from the 1991 Census. Stratified contingency-table analyses were performed. Years-of-potential-life-lost (YPLL) were calculated on the basis of population life-tables stratified by region and linearly modeled by the characteristics of the deceased. Poisson regression was applied to test the differences in mortality rate. Across all socioeconomic strata, men died at younger age than women (index of excess mortality in men excee...
Is it becoming easier to be a working mother?
The recent decision by Yahoo chief executive Marissa Mayer to take “limited parental leave” once ...
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The recent decision by Yahoo chief executive Marissa Mayer to take “limited parental leave” once she gives birth to twins invoked a strong reaction about “proper” motherhood. What seems to have annoyed the public most is that she will take too little time off and says she will remain “dedicated to both [her] family and Yahoo”.
Mayer is breaking the social norm by managing her family and work as most male CEOs do: by leaving childcare to others. Although more companies are starting to offer shared parental leave, only a few CEO dads opt to care for children full time. But men are judged differently when it comes to parenthood.
Focusing free childcare on ‘working parents’ is short-sighted by Jo Ingold and Jana Javornik
by
Jo Ingold
and
Jana Javornik
See link
A childcare system fit for the future?
by
Jana Javornik
and
Jo Ingold
Following Labour's significant reforms to childcare policy, under the Coalition there has been a ...
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Following Labour's significant reforms to childcare policy, under the Coalition there has been a combination of gains and losses for parents, with the implications of some impending changes not yet fully known.
Ostensibly, more free childcare and early education (ECEC) offers an appealing solution and take-up of the universal entitlement is high. However, this demand-priming approach and its funding streams are too complex, inefficient and unsustainable. These has led to a shortage of supply of both pre-school and school-age care (with critically low provision for disabled children and those in rural areas), mismatch between service and work hours. The key failings of UK childcare policy are its prohibitively high costs (second highest in the OECD), equivalent to a regressive tax on mothers’ labour supply, reducing financial returns from their employment and increasing their reservation wage, and the linking of funding to parents being in paid work; these not only limit families’ choice and force parents to craft their own solutions, but also leave many families disadvantaged. It has been well established that the economic and social conditions of childhood frame the possibilities in later life and we argue that strategically investing in universal quality childcare will yield significant returns.
Javornik, J. (2014). Why UK should follow Nordics’ lead on universal childcare
Childcare is likely to be a key battleground for the UK’s 2015 general election. Promises to enti...
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Childcare is likely to be a key battleground for the UK’s 2015 general election. Promises to entice female votes? Perhaps, but these policy commitments affect us all. To put the UK’s childcare cost crisis in perspective, it’s worth looking to how other countries, many of them Nordic, have forged ahead with making universal, quality childcare a priority.
Javornik, J. (2014). Employers aren't ready for shared parental leave
The Conversation
, Aug 26, 2014
New provisions allowing parents to share parental leave come into force in October and December t...
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New provisions allowing parents to share parental leave come into force in October and December this year. These will be available to parents in England, Scotland and Wales who will give birth to or adopt a child after April 5 next year. It seems that employers are still not catching on but they need to prepare for this change in the rules if it is going to work.
Javornik, J. (2014). Measuring state de-familialism: Contesting post-socialist exceptionalism
This article offers a methodology to reveal the latent constructs which underlie policies on pare...
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This article offers a methodology to reveal the latent constructs which underlie policies on parental leave and childcare services. It is constructed to uncover the state assumptions about social organisation of childcare and gender roles in a country-comparative perspective. Legal regulations are central to this analysis, and combinations of policy components take centre stage. An index of state de-familialism is proposed and its analytical potential tested on eight post-socialist EU states. Grounded in Leitner’s (2003) conceptualisation of familialism, it gauges three policy types: (1) Slovenian and Lithuanian supported defamilialism incentivises women’s continuous employment and active fatherhood, (2) explicit familialism in Hungary, Czech Republic, and Estonia supports familial childcare and reinforces gendered parenting, and (3) implicit familialism in Poland, Slovakia, and Latvia leaves parents without public support. These groups share core characteristics with developed welfare-state regimes. This methodology has the potential to discredit claims of post-socialist exceptionalism and allows researchers to test new hypotheses.
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Sweden’s initiatives for active fatherhood and shared parenting significantly reduced stigma around taking parental leave, fostering gender role transformation.
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Javornik, J. (2014). L’adieu au modèle de l’homme soutien de famille. Le présent post-socialiste à la lumière du passé socialiste
Dossier Genre, famille et Etat en Europe centrale et orientale
, Mar 2014
Le socialisme d’État a façonné l’héritage institutionnel des États membres de l’Union européenne ...
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Le socialisme d’État a façonné l’héritage institutionnel des États membres de l’Union européenne post-socialistes. Il a non seulement permis à l’emploi des femmes de faire un bond important, mais aussi fait largement évoluer le rôle de l’État dans la famille. La recherche sur les régimes d’État-providence a donc tendance à traiter les pays post-socialistes comme un ensemble, unique et homogène. Cet article s’efforce de proposer une vision plus nuancée en analysant le passé socialiste de ces pays. Il montre que ces pays avaient adopté des modèles de socialisme distincts, entérinant et légitimant des politiques familiales et une répartition des rôles entre les genres différentes. Tous ne sont pas sortis de l’ère du socialisme d’État avec le même héritage ni avec la même expérience collective de l’organisation sociale de l’accueil des enfants et de l’emploi des femmes. Cette contribution invite par conséquent à poursuivre le débat sur « l’héritage socialiste commun » et sur le régime de protection sociale post-socialiste distinct.
Rethinking comparative childcare policy analysis. Example of Central and Eastern Europe
Comparative research routinely employs a small number of indicators to compare family policies ac...
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Comparative research routinely employs a small number of indicators to compare family policies across countries. In these studies, government expenditure, participation of children in public childcare or length of parental leave are internationally recognised policy indicators. However, they have been subject of academic controversy and are less adequate predictors of gendered policy incentives. This paper, therefore, theoretically and empirically explores and discusses how varieties of state de-familialism could be more fully captured in a crosscountry perspective. It proposes a composite indicator for use in gendered analysis of policy incentives, one that comprises the most salient features of national policies on leave and childcare services versus some combination of policy delivery and use. Thereby, it pays explicit attention to the methodological challenges and decisions that concern case selection, concept formation, the role of counterfactuals, establishing of measurement validity, and multi-method design. Finally, the paper discusses the opportunities for future research that such approach opens up. It empirically explores its applicability on Central and Eastern EU member states-an attempt which has gained little methodologically substantiated attention so far. Going beyond the Western welfare states it demonstrates its functionality and shows how these countries could be integrated in the corpus of comparative welfare state research.
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The need for a systematic, gender-sensitive analysis emerges, showing that childcare policies cumulatively affect employment engagement.
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Grönlund, A. and Javornik, J. (2014) Great expectations: dual-earner policies and the management of work–family conflict – the examples of Sweden and Slovenia
Families, Relationships and Societies, 3(1): 51-65.
"This article explores mechanisms linking family policy to work–family conflict, work demands and...
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"This article explores mechanisms linking family policy to work–family conflict, work demands and gender. The conflict construct has dominated survey-based work–family research; however, both the individual actor and the societal context have been  conspicuously absent. In qualitative interviews, including established instruments of work–family conflict, we studied how perceptions of work–family conflict were linked to strategies and use of policy entitlements among working parents in Sweden and Slovenia, two countries with policies promoting the dual-earner family. Our findings imply that such policies contribute to ‘have-it-all’ aspirations, but collide with practical realities, including norms related to work, parenthood and gender. In Sweden, policy tools and work demands appeared more decisive, especially for women’s conflict, whereas in Slovenia, informal care by extended family was important. Based on the analysis, we propose a typology of strategies and perceived conflict that can help develop research on work–family conflict, especially from a comparative perspective."
(2004) Percepija življenjskih pogojev v razširjeni Evropi, Poročilo o raziskavi kvalitete življenja v Evropi (Perceptions of Living Conditions in an Enlarged Europe). IB revija, XXXVIII (3)
IB revija
, 2004
(2004) Spol  kot  določnica  družbenega  položaja  posameznika/posameznice  ‐  na  poti  k  androgini  družbi? (Gender as a determinant of social status - towards an androgynous society?)
IB Review, XXXVII (3): 66-72.
Hanžek, M., Javornik, J., Tršelič, A. (2000) Spolna neenakost v nekaterih tranzicijskih družbah
Matjaae Hanaeek, univ. dipl. sociolog, Urad R Slovenije za makroekonomske analize in razvoj, Ljub...
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Matjaae Hanaeek, univ. dipl. sociolog, Urad R Slovenije za makroekonomske analize in razvoj, Ljubljana; Jana Javornik, univ. dipl. sociologinja, πtudentka podiplomskega πtudija na Fakulteti za druaebene vede Univerze v Ljubljani; Ana TrπeliË, mag. ekonomije, Urad R Slovenije za makroekonomske analize in razvoj, Ljubljana. POVZETEK Kljub napovedim nekaterih razvojnih teoretikov o zmanjπevanju razlik med ljudmi in narodi, se sodobni svet vse bolj sooËa z blaginjo ljudi na eni strani, ki jo spremlja revπËina vse veËjega πtevila ljudi na drugi. Kljub napredku na podroËju socialnega in ekonomskega razvoja (veËja pismenost, veËja stopnja vkljuËenosti v izobraaeevanje, daljπanje priËakovane dolaeine aeivljenja, itd.), demokratiËnih institucij in veËjega spoπtovanja Ëlovekovih pravic, se bolj kot prej veËa deleae ljudi (posebej mladih in aeensk), ki trpijo zaradi πtevilnih pomanjkanj. Vedno bolj naraπËa prepad med bogatimi in revnimi ljudmi, med razvitimi in manj razvitimi draeavami. »eprav globalizacija poveËuje skupno svetovno bogastvo, postaja vrsta draeav vedno bolj revnih, saj ima veË kot 80 draeav manjπi dohodek, kot ga je imela pred desetletjem ali dvema. Leta 1995 so pri OZN, poleg dotedaj aee znanega HDI, predstavili dva nova indeksa, in sicer GDI in GEM. Medtem ko GDI kaaee πirjenje osnovnih Ëloveπkih virov (zdravja, izobrazbe ter dohodka) in s tem aeivljenjske pogoje za oba spola, pa nam GEM kaaee, ali imajo aeenske aktivno vlogo v gospodarskem in politiËnem aeivljenju. Oba indeksa sestojita iz sledeËih sestavin: deleaea aeensk na vodstvenih in vodilnih poloaeajih, deleaea aeensk v parlamentu in deleaea dohodka aeensk. Po indeksu Ëlovekovega razvoja (HDI) se med tranzicijskimi draeavami najviπje uvrsti Slovenija (na 28. mesto), sledijo ji, »eπka, Slovaπka in Poljska. Po izraËunih ZMAR znaπa vrednost HDI 0,864, z vrednostjo GDI, ki se od HDI razlikuje za 0,001, pa se uvrπËamo na 26. mesto. Vrednosti GDI in HDI sta za Slovenijo skoraj enaki, kar ni sploπna znaËilnost drugih draeav. Rezultat je posledica visoke stopnje vkljuËenosti aeensk v vse tri ravni izobraaeevanja, ter relativno visokega deleaea dohodkov aeensk v primerjavi z moπkimi. Vrednost indeksa GEM znaπa za Slovenijo 0,486, kar nas uvrπËa na 42. mesto med 102 izbranima draeavama. Kazalca, ki Sloveniji zniaeujeta vrednost GEM, sta deleaea aeensk v parlamentu in na vodstvenih in vodilnih poloaeajih, zviπuje pa ga deleae BDP na prebivalca po kupni moËi, ki ga prejme aeenska in je med tranzicijskimi draeavami najviπji (9,137 USD). Ker neenakost po spolu obstaja v vsaki draeavi, sta vrednosti GDI in GEM praviloma niaeji od vrednosti HDI, ne pa nujno tudi uvrstitev draeave.
Introduction to Amartya K. Sen's essays on Economy of welfare:
Gender Equality In CEE
Login. ...
Transition, Globalisation and Living Laboratories
At the end of the second millennium an extensive social engineering experiment was conducted in C...
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At the end of the second millennium an extensive social engineering experiment was conducted in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the countries emerging from socialist systems that are commonly known today under the label "societies in transition" or "post-socialist ...
Human Development and Health
The Slovenian National Human Development Report, prepared by the Slovenian Institute of Macroecon...
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The Slovenian National Human Development Report, prepared by the Slovenian Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development (UMAD), focuses on general human development trends in 2002-2003, with special attention paid to health and the health care system. The ...
Human Development Report Slovenia 2002/03: Human Development and Health
(2004) Economic Empowerment Through Gender-Responsive Legislation. Working with Gender – A Decade of Transition in FSU Countries.
The World Bank, SIDA
Books by Jana Javornik
Urban variation in childcare provision: The case of Slovenia
Territorial Differences in Social Care Services/Trajectories. Local Governance and the Challenge to Universalism
The focus of this book chapter is on public childcare system in Slovenia, where it has played a s...
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The focus of this book chapter is on public childcare system in Slovenia, where it has played a significant role in female employment since state socialism. Long-term developments, recent policy changes in the national-local governance and urban variations will be analysed.
The developments in the publicly-funded childcare system in Slovenia are addressed in two ways. (i) The policy analysis focuses on the national policy context, i.e. the type of governance; actors in childcare provision; political and financial support for public childcare, including the impact of the current crisis. It will investigate the reconfiguring of childcare services, looking at changes in how they are delivered, organised, financed and allocated. (ii) The impact of such changes  in territorial differentiation terms is analysed looking at three municipalities: Ljubljana (the capitol and the miniatured state), Slovenske Konjice  (the municipality which in the 1970s started the infrastructural 'revolution' in the delivery of childcare services) and Zreče (small municipality with prevailing rural areas and metal industry that has traditionally employed the vast majority of the local population).
The chapter covers service allocation; the relation between national and local authorities; needs assessment and service delivery re-design; funding constraints and welfare retrenchment - restructuring of the system; public-private partnership (outsourcing/concessions, for-profit).
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