Papers by Juan José Sánchez Soriano
The fuzzy mechanism of processing stereotyped gay characters in media
Poetics, 2026
Media research on homophobia has long recognized the persuasive power of stereotypical portrayals... more Media research on homophobia has long recognized the persuasive power of stereotypical portrayals. However, these portrayals are often treated as a uniform category, obscuring the possibility that different types of gay stereotypes operate through distinct cognitive and affective pathways and generate different attitudinal effects. Through an online experimental survey, the present study examines how audiences interpret different stereotyped gay characters by dynamically applying multi-dimensional criteria to shape their responses . A total of 495 Spanish participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n = 360), which viewed one of 12 video clips representing six types of stereotypical portrayals of gay characters, or a control group (n = 135), which completed the Modern Homophobia Scale without watching any clips. Participants in the experimental group completed both the Perceiving and Experiencing Fictional Characters Questionnaire and the Modern Homophobia Scale after watching the video. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that audiences process gay characters through multiple stages involving encoding (ethics, aesthetics, epistemics), comparison (similarity, relevance, valence) and response (involvement, distance, appreciation). A significant interaction between perceived aesthetics and ethics emerged as a key predictor of character appreciation and involvement, supporting a “fuzzy” processing model. The 'Evil' and 'Manipulative' stereotypes were consistently associated with lower levels of homophobia compared to the 'Mannered' stereotype. We conclude that audiences engage with stereotypes in a complex and fuzzy manner, with gay characters' narrative roles and prototypicality shaping character perception and differentially predicting homophobic attitudes within the experimental conditions.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2025
Research on LGBTQ+ media has predominantly focused on high-prejudice contexts and portrayals of g... more Research on LGBTQ+ media has predominantly focused on high-prejudice contexts and portrayals of gay men, whereas little attention has been paid to how low-prejudice individuals engage with lesbian stereotypes. This study examined responses from 480 Spanish university students (70.1% cis-women) with low-lesbophobia scores, who watched seven video stimulisix depicting different lesbian stereotypes and one neutral control-in a randomized order. To enhance validity and reduce stimulus-specific bias, each of the seven stereotype categories was represented by two distinct videos (totaling 14 stimuli). The key predictors of enjoyment included identification, perceived realism, familiarity, accuracy, and minimal exaggeration, and these findings were consistent across genders. A mediation model confirmed that identification mediated the effect of perceived realism on enjoyment. The "manipulative/seductive" and "sick/tormented" stereotypes were the most enjoyed, while the "object of desire" was least popular, suggesting a preference for more complex portrayals. Identification emerged as the most critical factor, mediating the effect of realism on enjoyment. Audiences prefer authentic, multidimensional portrayals, with "artistic/fashion-oriented" and neutral depictions rated most realistic and relatable, while "masculine" and "evil" stereotypes were deemed unrealistic and disconnected. These findings advance research on stereotype reception, queer studies, cultivation theory, and narrative persuasion by emphasizing the role of identification and realism in shaping young people's responses to lesbian portrayals.
cuadernos.info, 2025
The article analyzes the role of Ibero-American women researchers in the field of communication, ... more The article analyzes the role of Ibero-American women researchers in the field of communication, highlighting the androcentrism and Anglocentrism that rendered their contributions invisible. Although the presence of women has increased, qualitative inequalities persist in terms of leadership and scientific recognition. Through a Delphi method with 20 experts, the study identifies key figures, foundational works, structural and symbolic weaknesses, as well as measures to achieve gender equality. Among the most prominent figures are Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Maria Cristina Matta, and Rossana Reguillo. It is noted that female researchers face structural barriers such as the glass ceiling, fewer opportunities, and bias in academic referencing. Their careers are also affected by the caregiving roles they often assume. Despite these challenges, the research finds strengths such as collaboration and empathy in their research, as well as progress towards more horizontal forms of female leadership. Among the measures proposed are the inclusion of female authors in textbooks, support for work-life balance, and the promotion of women's presence in decision-making spaces. The study concludes that it is essential to adopt comprehensive strategies to make women's contributions visible and to transform the academic canon toward greater fairness and diversity.
Cuadernos.info, 2025
Este artículo analiza el rol de las investigadoras iberoamericanas en comunicación, con foco en e... more Este artículo analiza el rol de las investigadoras iberoamericanas en comunicación, con foco en el androcentrismo y el anglocentrismo que han invisibilizado sus contribuciones. Aunque la presencia femenina ha aumentado, persisten desigualdades cualitativas en liderazgo y reconocimiento científico. Mediante un método Delphi con veinte personas expertas se identifican figuras clave, obras fundacionales, debilidades estructurales y simbólicas, y medidas para alcanzar la igualdad de género. Entre las figuras más destacadas se encuentran Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, María Cristina Matta y Rossana Reguillo. Se observa que las investigadoras enfrentan obstáculos estructurales como el techo de cristal, menos oportunidades, y sesgos en las referencias académicas. Asimismo, sus carreras se ven afectadas por los roles de cuidado que habitualmente desarrollan. Pese a ello, se identifican fortalezas como la colaboración y la empatía en sus investigaciones y avances hacia liderazgos femeninos más horizontales. Entre las medidas propuestas están incluir a autoras en guías docentes, facilitar la conciliación laboral y promover su presencia en espacios de toma de decisiones. La investigación concluye que es imprescindible adoptar estrategias integrales para visibilizar los aportes femeninos y transformar el canon académico hacia una igualdad más justa y diversa.
Journal of Homosexuality , 2024
This research uses a mixed quantitative and descriptive approach to analyze the representation of... more This research uses a mixed quantitative and descriptive approach to analyze the representation of LGBTQ+ people in YouTube fiction produced by Singaporean filmmakers. It observes the general characteristics of such portrayals with a particular focus on the characters' gender and identity expressions. Simultaneously, a qualitative study analyzes these observations in greater depth by means of discourse analysis on two levels. A macro level identifies the ideas conveyed by the narratives and a micro level identifies the portrayal of stereotypes, types of masculinity, visibility of sexual orientation and affective/sexual relations. The results show that Singaporean LGBTQ+ filmmakers depict homonormative characters and follow cis-heteronormative canons. They do not advocate for the normalization of LGBTQ+ realities, and instead present distorted constructions of LGBTQ+ people that do little to encourage their acceptance. This does not contribute to any improvement in sociocultural views of non-normative sexual and gender orientations and negatively impacts the LGBTQ+ identity. Moreover, LGBTQ+ people from the country's ethnic minorities are ignored. These results inform academia, audiovisual industries and regulators about the representation of LGBTQ+ people in fictional products in countries where queer populations still face stigmatization and marginalization.
Perceptions of Gay Stereotypes in Fiction and Their Relationship with Homophobia
Sexuality & Culture, 2024
This experimental study examines the impact of gay stereotypes on Spanish university students’ at... more This experimental study examines the impact of gay stereotypes on Spanish university students’ attitudes. Five hundred thirty eight participants shared their experiences with gay individuals and completed a homophobia scale before or after viewing stereotypical and neutral depictions of gay characters. The findings reveal low homophobia levels and a preference for neutral portrayals. Realism, identification, and enjoyment influenced perceptions, along with interpersonal contact. Homophobia influenced familiarity and perceived accuracy of stereotypes. These results emphasize receivers’ active role in interpreting LGBTQ + stereotypes in fiction, shed light on associated psychological processes, and highlight audience variability in susceptibility to such portrayals, contributing to stereotype and cultivation research.
Beyond representation: negotiating realism and the positive impact of media narratives with trans audiences
Communication, Culture and Critique, 2024
The growing presence of trans people in popular culture, including television series, is a well-e... more The growing presence of trans people in popular culture, including television series, is a well-established fact. However, its broader social im- pact and particularly consideration of what constitutes a positive representation of the trans community has received little attention from aca- demic literature. This research addresses this gap by focusing on the experiences and interpretations of trans individuals regarding the way they are portrayed in TV series. It does so by conducting a qualitative study of 19 trans Spaniards who participated in two focus groups and nine semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the participants view their increased representation as a form of retribution for past under-representation. They also associate positive representation with realism, with two of their primary areas of concern being the need to de- pict authentic situations and individuals, and lack of involvement of trans people in the creative process. Ultimately, this research highlights the role of television series as amplifiers of trans experiences, voices and stories.
International Communication Gazette, 2024
There is a current interest in implementing education programmes to reduce prejudice towards gay ... more There is a current interest in implementing education programmes to reduce prejudice towards gay individuals. This study investigates how adolescents recognise gay stereotypes in characters and how video-on-demand series could be utilised to reduce bias in Spain and Mexico. Six focus groups (Spain: (1) gay, (2) heterosexual, (3) LBTQ+; Mexico: (4) gay, (5) heterosexual, (6) LBTQ+) are used to explore the main stereotypes, to analyse how they are perceived in serialised fiction and to investigate their potential use in education programmes. The thematic analysis reveals that the primary stereotypes identified by young Mexicans and Spaniards are associated with femininity and perversion, as well as the belief that the main factors that encourage these stereotypes are religion and politics. LBTQ+ participants are also more critical of the depictions than heterosexuals. Education programmes should not only target young people but also engage the individuals and institutions that are close to them.
Miguel Hernández Communication Journal,, 2024
Este estudio explora las implicaciones de
la visibilidad mediática en la evolución de
la opinión ... more Este estudio explora las implicaciones de
la visibilidad mediática en la evolución de
la opinión pública sobre las personas trans
en el contexto español. Nos centramos en
el impacto sociocultural de la serie de televisión
‘Veneno’ (2020, Atresmedia) en relación
con la ruptura de la espiral del silencio
(Noelle-Neumann, 1993) sobre las cuestiones
trans. A partir del abordaje teórico de
las temporalidades queer de Esteban Muñoz
(2020), realizamos un análisis ‘close reading’
(Brummett, 2018) de la narrativa diacrónica
de la serie de televisión Veneno (2020). A
través de una observación lineal del pasado, presente y futuro de la representación mediática
y su relación con la situación de la vida real de las personas trans, se detecta una evolución
desde el ostracismo y la fetichización en el pasado, hacia un cambio futuro hacia una
mayor normalización y formas de vida habitables. Pero los resultados también revelan una
espiral de significados que se interconectan con diferentes temporalidades y contextos, reflejando
la naturaleza no lineal de las temporalidades queer. Además, el artículo analiza cómo
esta serie, por su impacto mediático, ha contribuido al debate público sociopolítico sobre
la necesidad de abordar los derechos de las personas trans en la sociedad española actual.
Finalmente, su impacto no solo se basa en mejorar la visibilidad trans al retratar narrativas
trans, sino que también discutimos cómo la serie está desempeñando un papel importante
en queerizar la propia industria mediática, garantizando que las personas trans trabajen tanto
delante como detrás de las cámaras.
Cuadernos.info, 2023
We also can have happy endings": reception and interpretation of LGBTIQ+ characters in TV series ... more We also can have happy endings": reception and interpretation of LGBTIQ+ characters in TV series "También podemos tener finales felices": recepción e interpretación de personajes LGTBIQ+ en series de televisión "Também podemos ter finais felizes": recepção e interpretação das personagens LGBTQ+ em séries de televisão
Doxa Comunicación, 2024
In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of LGTBIQ+ characters an... more In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of LGTBIQ+ characters and storylines appearing in serialized fiction in the United States. This has gained importance due to the effects of media discourses on social imaginaries with regard to the sexual diversity of a community that suffers a high degree of social, political and labor discrimination. Therefore, the objective is to critically analyze which are the general trends in recent years. Hence, this research is based on a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of fictional series from the last decade. This analysis is approached from two levels: first, the macro-level, in which the discourse around which the storylines are based is analyzed; and a second micro-level, which addresses the issues of lexicalization, focus and conceptual polarization. The results suggest the existence of a dual pattern in these characters, whereby they are based within the construction of a homonormative narrative and/or otherwise placed in marginal or socially excluded settings. Moreover, many traditionally common stereotypes are maintained, and sexual identity and orientation continue to feature prominently among the main story arcs of these characters. It is thus concluded that quantitative growth is insufficient if it is not accompanied by greater normalization.
Doxa Comunicación, 2024
Los personajes y tramas del colectivo LGTBIQ+ en las ficciones seria-das estadounidenses han e... more Los personajes y tramas del colectivo LGTBIQ+ en las ficciones seria-das estadounidenses han experimentado un aumento exponencial en los últimos años. Esto cobra importancia debido a los efectos de los discursos mediáticos en los imaginarios sociales sobre la diversidad sexual en un colectivo que sufre un alto grado de discriminación social, política y laboral. Por ello, el objetivo es analizar críticamente cuáles son las principales tendencias en la representación actual. Para ello, la investigación se basa en un análisis crítico del discurso (CDA) de ficciones seriadas de la última década. Este análisis se ha articulado en dos niveles: un primero macro, donde se analizan los discursos que articulan las tramas; y un segundo micro, que aborda las cuestiones de la lexicalización, el focus o la polarización conceptual. Los resultados muestran la existencia de un doble patrón en estos personajes, que se basan o bien en una construcción narrativa homonormativa o bien en la ubicación de estos personajes en entornos marginales y de exclusión social. Además, se mantienen numerosos estereotipos frecuentes his-tóricamente y la identidad y orientación sexuales siguen siendo una de las tramas principales de estos. Se concluye, por lo tanto, afirmando que el crecimiento cuantitativo no es suficiente si este no se acompaña de una mayor normalización.
Miguel Hernández Communication Journal , 2024
This study explores the implications of media visibility in the evolution of public opinion about... more This study explores the implications of media visibility in the evolution of public opinion about trans people in the Spanish context. We focus on the socio-cultural impact of the TV series 'Veneno' (2020, Atresmedia) in relation to the breaking down of the spiral of silence (Noelle-Neumann, 1993) on trans issues. Based on Esteban Muñoz's (2020) theoretical approach to queer temporalities, we conducted a 'close reading' analysis (Brummett 2018) of the diachronic narrative of the television series. Through a linear observation of the past, present and future of media representation and its relationship with the real-life situation of trans people, an evolution is detected from ostracism and fetishization in the past, to a future shift towards greater normalization and livable life forms. But the results also reveal a spiral of meanings that interconnect with different temporalities and contexts, reflecting the non-linear nature of queer temporalities. Additionally, the paper discusses how this series, due to its media impact, has contributed to socio-political public debate on the need to address the rights of trans people in modern-day Spanish society. Finally, its impact not only relies on improving trans visibility by portraying trans narratives, but we also discuss how the series is playing an important role in queering the media industry itself, ensuring trans people to work both in front and behind the cameras.
Quaderns del CAC,, 2023
En la última década se ha producido un aumento de los
personajes LGTBIQ+ en las series de televis... more En la última década se ha producido un aumento de los
personajes LGTBIQ+ en las series de televisión, tanto en
cadenas lineales como en plataformas de distribución. Este
hecho, unido a la importancia de los medios de comunicación y
a las problemáticas sociales que históricamente ha sufrido este
grupo, plantea el objetivo de conocer los patrones narrativos
con los que estos personajes LGTBIQ+ son construidos. Por
ello, la investigación realiza un análisis de contenido basado
en tres niveles: dimensión física, dimensión social y dimensión
psíquica. Así, ha sido analizada una muestra aleatoria y
representativa de series de televisión occidentales: Euphoria;
Looking; Orange is the New Black; Pose; Sense8; Shameless;
Transparent; Élite; El Ministerio del Tiempo; Malaka; Merlí:
Sapere Aude; Veneno; Vis a Vis y Vivir sin permiso. Los
resultados muestran, entre otros aspectos, la existencia de dos
patrones narrativos contrapuestos: un primero, que ubica a
estos personajes en lugares marginales, y un segundo, que los
construye con perfiles homonormativos, es decir, con personajes
que han asimilado estándares socialmente aceptables de la
heteronormatividad. Se concluye, por lo tanto, afirmando que
aún se mantienen construcciones estereotipadas de otras
épocas junto a otras de reciente aparición.
Quaderns del CAC,, 2023
In the last decade there has been an increase in the number
of LGTBIQ+ characters in television s... more In the last decade there has been an increase in the number
of LGTBIQ+ characters in television series, both in linear
channels and distribution platforms. This fact, together
with the importance of the media and the social problems
that this group has historically suffered, raises the objective
of understanding the narrative patterns with which these
LGTBIQ+ characters are constructed. For this reason, the
research carried out a content analysis based on three levels:
physical dimension, social dimension and psychic dimension.
Thus, a random and representative sample of Western
television series has been analysed: uphoria; Looking; Orange
is the New Black; Pose; Sense8; Shameless; Transparent;
Élite; El Ministerio del Tiempo; Malaka; Merlí: Sapere Aude;
Veneno; Vis a Vis and Vivir sin permiso. The results show,
among others, the existence of two opposing narrative patterns,
one that places these characters in marginal places, and a
second that constructs them with homonormative profiles, with
characters who have assimilated socially acceptable standards
of heteronormativity. We conclude, therefore, by affirming that
stereotypical constructions from other eras are still maintained
alongside others of recent appearance.
cuadernos.info, 2023
Ante la escasez de investigaciones sobre recepción, específicamente de
aquellas realizadas con té... more Ante la escasez de investigaciones sobre recepción, específicamente de
aquellas realizadas con técnicas grupales, este estudio analiza la interpretación de la audiencia, tanto cisheterosexual como LGTBIQ+, sobre la representación de series actuales con personajes del colectivo. La metodología se basa en la realización de cuatro focus groups, dos con participantes LGTBIQ+ y dos con participantes cisheterosexuales, con preguntas basadas en un primer bloque sobre fragmentos de series con personajes LGTBIQ+, un segundo sobre representación e inclusión, y un tercero sobre identificación. El objetivo es detectar similitudes y diferencias en las interpretaciones de estos dos grupos. Los resultados muestran percepciones enfrentadas en diversas cuestiones. Así, entre otras conclusiones, mientras los participantes del colectivo manifiestan poder sentirse identificados con cualquier personaje, independientemente de su orientación sexual, los cisheterosexuales afirman no poder sentirse identificados con estos. Las conclusiones infieren que, a pesar de confirmar el paradigma de la audiencia activa en todos los grupos en cuestiones de sexualidad, hay una tendencia mayor a la crítica por parte del colectivo LGTBIQ+ y una mayor aceptación de los mensajes mediáticos por parte de los participantes cisheterosexuales.
European Journal of Communication, 2023
There are currently more trans characters than ever in television series, while at the same time ... more There are currently more trans characters than ever in television series, while at the same time scrutiny of trans people is intensifying in social and public debate, and the correspondence between this increased presence in the media and improvements in the trans community's rights is in dispute. This research aims to find out how trans audiences relate to their portrayal in TV series, to learn about their perceptions and opinions, and to understand how these depictions affect their everyday lives. A qualitative analysis was conducted of 19 trans people in two focus groups and nine semi-structured interviews. The findings show that the participants perceive a clear distance between their realities and the most popular narratives about trans lives. They identify cispassing as a transversal element that drives the production, creation, and distribution of media narratives, leading to a transnormative representation. Consequently, the trans audience demands the inclusion of trans people in the (audiovisual) cultural circuit in order to combat the 'cis gaze' and to create more diverse narratives.
Comunicación y Sociedad, 2022
La investigación examina la construcción de personajes lgbt+ en la ficción seriada es-pañola incl... more La investigación examina la construcción de personajes lgbt+ en la ficción seriada es-pañola incluida en plataformas de distribución en la última década. Se utiliza un análisis crítico del discurso articulado en un nivel macro, donde se estudian los grandes discur-sos, y en un nivel micro, donde se presta atención a las temáticas, la lexicalización y las estructuras proposicionales. Los resultados muestran, entre otros, la perpetuación de estereotipos recurrentes, la ubicación marginal de estos personajes y que la construcción de la realidad lgbt+ se presenta de manera negativa o ambigua.
Comunicación y Sociedad, 2022
The research analyzes the construction of lgbt+ characters and plots in Spanish serial fiction sh... more The research analyzes the construction of lgbt+ characters and plots in Spanish serial fiction shown on distribution platforms in the last decade. It uses critical discourse analysis, which is divided into macro level and micro level analysis. The microanalysis is composed of topics, lexicalization and propositional framing. The results show, among others, that the majority of characters appear in marginal contexts, that recurring stereotypes continue to be used, and that lgbt+ orientation and identity are presented in a negative or ambiguous manner.
International Journal of Communication, 2021
Research on discourses and communication processes around and from within LGBTQ communities is an... more Research on discourses and communication processes around and from within LGBTQ communities is an effervescent field of study in the Anglo-Saxon world, a field originated in the 1980s and led by the United States. However, this vibrancy cannot be extrapolated to the Spanish-speaking Ibero-American countries (constituted by Latin America and Spain), where this area, only budding, is epistemologically barren. This article analyzes the identity and main trends of the LGBTQ studies in Hispanophone countries, following a Delphi consultation study with experts from Colombia, México, Perú, and Spain. The results show some of the main current trends and suggest strategies to boost these studies in Ibero-America. As proposed in the Conclusions section, the type of research that we develop in this article is of crucial importance to increase the visibility of sexual minorities in Spanish-speaking societies, giving them voice and thus restoring human dignity.
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Papers by Juan José Sánchez Soriano
la visibilidad mediática en la evolución de
la opinión pública sobre las personas trans
en el contexto español. Nos centramos en
el impacto sociocultural de la serie de televisión
‘Veneno’ (2020, Atresmedia) en relación
con la ruptura de la espiral del silencio
(Noelle-Neumann, 1993) sobre las cuestiones
trans. A partir del abordaje teórico de
las temporalidades queer de Esteban Muñoz
(2020), realizamos un análisis ‘close reading’
(Brummett, 2018) de la narrativa diacrónica
de la serie de televisión Veneno (2020). A
través de una observación lineal del pasado, presente y futuro de la representación mediática
y su relación con la situación de la vida real de las personas trans, se detecta una evolución
desde el ostracismo y la fetichización en el pasado, hacia un cambio futuro hacia una
mayor normalización y formas de vida habitables. Pero los resultados también revelan una
espiral de significados que se interconectan con diferentes temporalidades y contextos, reflejando
la naturaleza no lineal de las temporalidades queer. Además, el artículo analiza cómo
esta serie, por su impacto mediático, ha contribuido al debate público sociopolítico sobre
la necesidad de abordar los derechos de las personas trans en la sociedad española actual.
Finalmente, su impacto no solo se basa en mejorar la visibilidad trans al retratar narrativas
trans, sino que también discutimos cómo la serie está desempeñando un papel importante
en queerizar la propia industria mediática, garantizando que las personas trans trabajen tanto
delante como detrás de las cámaras.
personajes LGTBIQ+ en las series de televisión, tanto en
cadenas lineales como en plataformas de distribución. Este
hecho, unido a la importancia de los medios de comunicación y
a las problemáticas sociales que históricamente ha sufrido este
grupo, plantea el objetivo de conocer los patrones narrativos
con los que estos personajes LGTBIQ+ son construidos. Por
ello, la investigación realiza un análisis de contenido basado
en tres niveles: dimensión física, dimensión social y dimensión
psíquica. Así, ha sido analizada una muestra aleatoria y
representativa de series de televisión occidentales: Euphoria;
Looking; Orange is the New Black; Pose; Sense8; Shameless;
Transparent; Élite; El Ministerio del Tiempo; Malaka; Merlí:
Sapere Aude; Veneno; Vis a Vis y Vivir sin permiso. Los
resultados muestran, entre otros aspectos, la existencia de dos
patrones narrativos contrapuestos: un primero, que ubica a
estos personajes en lugares marginales, y un segundo, que los
construye con perfiles homonormativos, es decir, con personajes
que han asimilado estándares socialmente aceptables de la
heteronormatividad. Se concluye, por lo tanto, afirmando que
aún se mantienen construcciones estereotipadas de otras
épocas junto a otras de reciente aparición.
of LGTBIQ+ characters in television series, both in linear
channels and distribution platforms. This fact, together
with the importance of the media and the social problems
that this group has historically suffered, raises the objective
of understanding the narrative patterns with which these
LGTBIQ+ characters are constructed. For this reason, the
research carried out a content analysis based on three levels:
physical dimension, social dimension and psychic dimension.
Thus, a random and representative sample of Western
television series has been analysed: uphoria; Looking; Orange
is the New Black; Pose; Sense8; Shameless; Transparent;
Élite; El Ministerio del Tiempo; Malaka; Merlí: Sapere Aude;
Veneno; Vis a Vis and Vivir sin permiso. The results show,
among others, the existence of two opposing narrative patterns,
one that places these characters in marginal places, and a
second that constructs them with homonormative profiles, with
characters who have assimilated socially acceptable standards
of heteronormativity. We conclude, therefore, by affirming that
stereotypical constructions from other eras are still maintained
alongside others of recent appearance.
aquellas realizadas con técnicas grupales, este estudio analiza la interpretación de la audiencia, tanto cisheterosexual como LGTBIQ+, sobre la representación de series actuales con personajes del colectivo. La metodología se basa en la realización de cuatro focus groups, dos con participantes LGTBIQ+ y dos con participantes cisheterosexuales, con preguntas basadas en un primer bloque sobre fragmentos de series con personajes LGTBIQ+, un segundo sobre representación e inclusión, y un tercero sobre identificación. El objetivo es detectar similitudes y diferencias en las interpretaciones de estos dos grupos. Los resultados muestran percepciones enfrentadas en diversas cuestiones. Así, entre otras conclusiones, mientras los participantes del colectivo manifiestan poder sentirse identificados con cualquier personaje, independientemente de su orientación sexual, los cisheterosexuales afirman no poder sentirse identificados con estos. Las conclusiones infieren que, a pesar de confirmar el paradigma de la audiencia activa en todos los grupos en cuestiones de sexualidad, hay una tendencia mayor a la crítica por parte del colectivo LGTBIQ+ y una mayor aceptación de los mensajes mediáticos por parte de los participantes cisheterosexuales.