Papers by Marie-Henriette Gates
The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C
The American Historical Review, 1990
... the Early Dynastic II period 154 61 One side of the largest fragment of Eannatums &qu... more ... the Early Dynastic II period 154 61 One side of the largest fragment of Eannatums "Stela of the Vultures" from Tello, dating from the Early Dynastic III period 156 62 Isometric view of the late Early Dynastic III palace G at Ebla (Syria) 159 63 Fragment of a stela of Sargon of Akkad ...
American Journal of Archaeology, Apr 1, 1994
Three concurrent patterns in Turkish archaeology can be understood from the following report on t... more Three concurrent patterns in Turkish archaeology can be understood from the following report on the 1995 season's activities* The first and most obvious is the recent dramatic increase in field projects (fig. ). The annual reports published by the Turkish Ministry of Culture (in 1996, for the 1994 season) filled four bulging volumes, with some 1,000 pages on excavations and another 800 on surveys, despite enforced limits on manuscript length. This newsletter has therefore also swelled in size, and the western portion of its map has become a dense grid of points and place-names. Second, the vigorous health of archaeological fieldwork is broadening complementary research on related questions, the projects inspiring or encouraging others to pursue similar or parallel issues. Research on Byzantine sites, for example, attracts each year a wider circle of participants, extending from Thrace and Constantinople to the Aegean, Lycian, and Black Sea coasts, and Cappadocia; and their scope is shifting from architectural and art historical questions to the tangible social and economic changes that transformed the late antique world into the medieval one. As noted in previous newsletters, Neolithic projects are multiplying, albeit more slowly, in the Apikli and Urfa regions, in surveys along the Black Sea, and with the revival of excavations at KoSk Hoyiik near Nigde. Analysis of ancient technologies is also coalescing into a more satisfactory, diachronic picture. The ceramic industry, especially, has invited the precise focus of several teams, investigating Hellenistic kilns on the Marmaris peninsula, classical to Byzantine amphora workshops around Sinop, Byzantine pottery production on the Sea of Marmara (and, indirectly, at Amorium in central Anatolia), and Ottoman ceramic centers at Iznik and Istanbul. It should be said that many of the recent projects were formed in response to cries of distress from those concerned about sites threatened by industrial and demographic expansion (more on this below). Archaeological strategy is advancing on technical fronts, however, to address this urgency, and the information acquired can only be considered a fortunate harvest. Third, to balance the enormous increase in data concerning all periods, one can now welcome new concerted efforts at synthesis. Anatolian archaeology has so far inspired fewer general studies and handbooks than other cultural areas of the Near East. Those in standard use are, at this stage, venerable classics-in a field where much has changed since their outlines were formulated: R. Naumann's Architektur Kleinasiens (Tiibingen 1955, rev. 1971), U.B. Alkim's Anatolia I (Cleveland 1968), and S. Lloyd's Ancient Turkey (London 1989-but conceived much earlier). One must thus celebrate the courage of those who have succeeded in taking on this difficult challenge. M. Joukowsky has just published Early Turkey: Anatolian Archaeologyfrom Prehistory through the Lydian Period (Dubuque 1996), setting up a thick framework for future overviews. M. 6zdogan, whose brilliant fieldwork in Thrace has reassembled the bridge between prehistoric Anatolia and its Balkan neighbors, is proposing a sequence of convincing models to explain Anatolian developments within their broader European and Near Eastern contexts (e.g., for pre-Bronze Age Anatolia in U. Magen and M. Rashad eds., Vom Halys zum Euphrat [Altertumskunde des Vorderen Orient 7, Miinster 1996] 185-202; and for Neolithic Anatolia in Porofilo o raziskovanju paleolitika, neolitika in eneolitika v Sloveniji 22 [1995] 25-61). S. Harmankaya and 0. Tanindi have also undertaken an admirable and painstaking enterprise: the comprehensive index Tiirkiye Arkeolojik Yerlegmeleri or TAY (Archaeological Sites in Turkey), where each site is described and provided with pertinent bibliography, map, plan, and selected illustrations on separate * This newsletter was in large part written from notes taken at the 18th Annual Archaeological Symposium in Ankara (27-31 May 1996), organized by the Turkish Ministry of Culture's General Directorate of Monuments and Museums. I am happy to acknowledge my gratitude to the speakers; to the colleagues who took the time to send me papers and photographs; to R. Ousterhout and S. Redford for their contributions on Byzantine surveys and Islamic sites, respectively; and to Y. Ersoy, M. Ozdogan, and V. $ahoglu for prompt responses to inquiries. Among my Bil-kent colleagues, whose expertise was tapped on many occasions, A. Goldman, N. Karg, and I. Ozgen provided much help with bibliographical references. C.W. Gates attended three days of the survey sessions; his careful notes gave me the basis for most of the survey entries included here. As in past years, I am especially indebted to the AJA's editors, especially Pamela Russell and Danielle Newland, for their exceptional patience and encouragement. Newland, who graciously revised the map of Turkey (fig. 1) originally drawn by Liesbeth Wenzel, deserves particular thanks.
Aegean and Aegeanising Geometric pottery at Kinet Höyük: new patterns of Greek pottery production, exchange and consumption in the Mediterranean
Anatolian studies, May 29, 2023
This paper examines the Aegean and Aegeanising ceramic wares of Geometric type that were recovere... more This paper examines the Aegean and Aegeanising ceramic wares of Geometric type that were recovered in excavations at the Cilician seaport of Kinet Höyük. Its Geometric pottery assemblage, published here for the first time, is among the largest found so far in the eastern Mediterranean and provides the starting point for a new reconstruction of Greek pottery consumption patterns in the eastern Mediterranean. With this aim, we first present the formal and archaeometric characteristics of the Kinet repertoire, the nature of its archaeological contexts, and how it compares with Geometric ceramic assemblages elsewhere. The second part of our paper assesses this popular Aegean ceramic type’s modes of production in order to define the conditions that sponsored the many dimensions of its distribution, exchange and consumption.*
American Journal of Archaeology, Apr 1, 1995
Levant 18, 1986
Among burial gifts in the late third millennium/EB IV cemetery at Dhahr Mirzbaneh-'Ain Samiya, NW... more Among burial gifts in the late third millennium/EB IV cemetery at Dhahr Mirzbaneh-'Ain Samiya, NW of Jericho is an exceptional silver goblet with repoussé decoration. This article proposes sources for its decoration, manufacture and context.
This paper examines the Aegean and Aegeanising ceramic wares of Geometric type that were recovere... more This paper examines the Aegean and Aegeanising ceramic wares of Geometric type that were recovered in excavations at the Cilician seaport of Kinet Höyük. Its Geometric pottery assemblage, published here for the first time, is among the largest found so far in the eastern Mediterranean and provides the starting point for a new reconstruction of Greek pottery consumption patterns in the eastern Mediterranean. With this aim, we first present the formal and archaeo
metric characteristics of the Kinet repertoire, the nature of its archaeological contexts, and how it compares with Geometric ceramic assemblages elsewhere. The second part of our paper assesses this popular Aegean ceramic type’s modes of production in order to define the conditions that sponsored the many dimensions of its distribution, exchange and consumption.
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Nov 10, 2022
The Archaeology of Mesopotamia from the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest
Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1982
Kucuk Burnaz arkeolojik alaninda yuzey arastirmalari sirasinda ele gecen 18 pismis toprak eser (a... more Kucuk Burnaz arkeolojik alaninda yuzey arastirmalari sirasinda ele gecen 18 pismis toprak eser (amphora, tugla, kiremit ve kunk) ve 11 toprak/kil ornegi arkeometrik yonden incelenmistir. Orneklerin petrografik ozellikleri ince kesit, optik mikroskop analiziyle, kimyasal yapilari da X-Isini Floresansi (XRF) analizi ile tespit edilmistir. Ince kesit optik mikroskop analizi ile ornekler petrografik olarak siniflandirilmistir. Amphora, tugla, kiremit ve kunk ornekleri 9 grupta incelenmistir. Amphoralar 7 gruba diger ornekler ise 3 gruba ayrilmistir. Orneklerin petrografik kayac kokeni, tugla, kunk ve k iremitlerde magmatik iken amphoralarda farklilik gostermektedir. Pinched Handle olarak adlandirilan gruptaki ornekler metamorfik kayac olarak belirlenmistir. Ayrica Kucuk Burnaz cevresindeki kil yataklarindan alinan toprak ornekleri petrografik ve kimyasal olarak incelenmis ve amphora, tugla, kiremit ve kunk, elde edilen verilerle karsilastirilmistir. Amphoralardan LRA 1 tip amphorasi p e...
Differentiating Local From Nonlocal Ceramic Production At Late Bronze Age/Iron Age Kinet Höyük Using Naa [Aggregated Media Files (1) From Open Context]
This archives media files associated with the <em>Differentiating local from nonlocal ceram... more This archives media files associated with the <em>Differentiating local from nonlocal ceramic production at Late Bronze Age/Iron Age Kinet Höyük using NAA</em> project published by Open Context.The included JSON file "zenodo-oc-files.json" describes links between the various files in this archival deposit and their associated Open Context media resources (identified by URI). These linked Open Context media resource items provide additional context and descriptive metadata for the files archived here.<br><strong>Brief Description of this Project</strong><br>Late Bronze Age/Iron Age ceramics (n=336) and sediments (n=12) from Kinet Höyük excavations and survey documented by scaled photography, descriptive databases and NAA results
Early Iron from Kinet Hoyuk Turkey Analysis of Objects and Evidence for Smithing
Metalla, 2017
Kinet Höyük (ancient Issos), located in Cilicia on a narrow corridor between the seacoast of the ... more Kinet Höyük (ancient Issos), located in Cilicia on a narrow corridor between the seacoast of the East Mediter-ranean and the Amanus mountains (Nur Dağları), is an archaeological site with 29 excavated occupational levels, starting from the Early Bronze Age. The successive settlements at Kinet Höyük faced many military campaigns and changed hands frequently because of its strategic position with access to shipping routes, and the availability of rich mining and forestry resources. However, iron smithing was one of the activities that changed least during the transformations occurring in the region, according to iron-related finds from different occupational levels at the site. In this paper, iron objects and smithing slags from the Iron Age period at Kinet are introduced from their metallurgical perspective. The results of metallogra-phy and SEM-EDX analysis of Iron Age steel objects are discussed in light of previous studies on iron metallurgy of the neighboring regions. Additionally, slags which are dated to the site&#39;s Neo-Assyrian phase are evaluated by petrography, ICP-MS and XRD analysis. Although all of the iron objects are fully corroded, remnant metal observations point to a variety of microstructural phases. The majority belong to medium-and high-carbon steel structures that were affected by heat treatments, i.e. normalizing , and annealing. Plentiful hammerscale were detected in thin sections of smithing slags. Basalt attachments to slags are considered to reflect the presence of basalt in the smithing hearths and other pyrotechnical settings.
Potters and Consumers in Cilicia and the Amuq During the Age of Transformations (13th-10th Centuries BC)
The Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019
The magnetic field of the Earth can exhibit considerable variations at short time scales, even as... more The magnetic field of the Earth can exhibit considerable variations at short time scales, even as short as decades. The archaeomagnetic studies of Middle Eastern artefacts (mainly from Israel and Jordan) show evidence for an exceptionally high intensity period from 1050-700 BC which displays two distinct spikes over the Levant, the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA). Its exact duration and geographical extent are still poorly known. Despite the wealth of ancient settlements, the extensive cultural heritage and a long history of trade and immigration, the archaeomagnetism of Turkey and Cyprus remains largely unexplored. This study presents a large data set of ancient directions and intensities from seven archaeological sites in the Eastern Mediterranean covering a time span of ~2000 years. The recorded directions from thirteen sets of samples are coherent with our earlier findings, yet Revision Notes-Manuscript with Track Changes show significantly larger swings than existing field models. In particular, we confirm the very large swing in inclination we found earlier, from 1910-1850 BC, that is also captured by the Greek PSV curve, and shallower by more than 10° than predicted by existing field models. Consequently, these models require substantial revision in this region. We were able to determine the archaeointensity from five sets of mud-bricks, from the thirteen attempted, allowing us to provide the full field vector. Furthermore, we present thirty-one new archaeointensity results from potsherds and mud-bricks that considerably enhance existing data, especially when a set of strict selection criteria is applied. Fourteen sets of potsherds from a single site (Tell Atchana) provide the longest sequence recorded so far in Turkey, from 2100 to 1350 BC. We find exceptionally high intensities of 145 and 175 ZAm 2 around 700 BC, in well-dated mud-bricks and potsherds from two different locations (Tell Tayinat and Kilise Tepe), supporting extreme geomagnetic field variability in the region. Moreover, these two high intensities confirm the younger spike of the LIAA in Turkey.
The Palace of Zimri-Lim at Mari
The Biblical Archaeologist, 1984
A marvel of its time or just one palace among many? In considering this question, the author desc... more A marvel of its time or just one palace among many? In considering this question, the author describes the palace and summarizes the excavations that have been conducted there.
Dura-Europos: A Fortress of Syro-Mesopotamian Art
The Biblical Archaeologist, 1984
Concentrating on the synagogue, mithraeum, and Christian chapel of this ancient Syrian city, the ... more Concentrating on the synagogue, mithraeum, and Christian chapel of this ancient Syrian city, the author illustrates how the art and architecture of different religious faiths share a common heritage.
Dialogues between Ancient near Eastern Texts and the Archaeological Record: Test Cases from Bronze Age Syria
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1988
... Especially with economic archives, ana-lysts can reconstruct detailed social and economic pat... more ... Especially with economic archives, ana-lysts can reconstruct detailed social and economic patterns, although in doing so, they risk disre-garding the sporadic ... TEST CASES FROM BRONZEAGE SYRIA ... Efforts to do that in Near Eastern archaeology have been sporadic at best. ...
American Journal of Archaeology, 2007
?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the li... more ?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
Questions, approaches, and dialogues in Eastern Mediterranean archaeology
Potmarks at Kinet Höyük and the Hittite Ceramic Industry
LB II Anatolia's ceramic assemblage is characterized by standardization, and potmarks incised... more LB II Anatolia's ceramic assemblage is characterized by standardization, and potmarks incised before firing. A monochrome fabric known as "Drab Ware" was manufactured in a limited range of shapes and widely distributed, in effect replacing local traditions. It thus displays the features of mass-production. The potmarks must also be linked to the industrial aspect of this ware, although they have not been analyzed from this perspective. ; This assemblage's distribution pattern coincides well with the extent of the Hittite empire in the XIV-XIII centuries B.C., and must reflect a deliberate economic system functioning on a large scale. Its nature will be considered in light of LB II levels at Kinet Hoyuk, where "Drab Ware" vessels incised with over 20 different potmarks have been found in household contexts. They suggest that during this period, the site and Cilicia in general were drawn into a centralized organization involving more than political control.
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Papers by Marie-Henriette Gates
metric characteristics of the Kinet repertoire, the nature of its archaeological contexts, and how it compares with Geometric ceramic assemblages elsewhere. The second part of our paper assesses this popular Aegean ceramic type’s modes of production in order to define the conditions that sponsored the many dimensions of its distribution, exchange and consumption.