Books and Papers by Mark Shuttleworth
Translation and the Production of Knowledge in Wikipedia: Chronicling the Assassination of Boris Nemtsov
Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, 2018
Based on a set of articles about the assassination of Russian politician Boris Nemtsov from nine ... more Based on a set of articles about the assassination of Russian politician Boris Nemtsov from nine different editions of the encyclopaedia, the article examines the place of translation in Wikipedia and the role it plays in knowledge production. Each of the articles is likely to use a number of different information sources, including other Wikipedia articles that are already in existence, with translation contributing to knowledge production as each new article evolves. The article examines questions of flow, visibility, location, evolution, and point of view to build up a picture of the knowledge development of these interrelated articles.
The article describes two translation technology modules available to MA students at UCL. These m... more The article describes two translation technology modules available to MA students at UCL. These modules emphasise the following: combining theory and practice; preparation for the translation industry; use of the software in all practical translation work; teamwork; learning by doing and by participating in projects. They aim to cover a wide range of translation technology and technology-related topics, including terminology, translation memory, machine translation, term extraction, system evaluation, parallel text acquisition and statistical MT engine training. Overall, their goal is to produce versatile problem-solvers rather than software users dependent on a particular system.
In spite of its highly multilingual nature, it is generally accepted that most Wikipedia content ... more In spite of its highly multilingual nature, it is generally accepted that most Wikipedia content is the product of original writing rather than being translated from another language version of the encyclopaedia. Wikipedia represents what is almost a complete, self-contained but vast research ecosystem; however, an unusual initial challenge for the researcher is to identify the primary data for a specific research project. The main aim of this paper is to make a number of proposals towards a possible methodology for discovering where the main foci of this new type of collaborative translation are located. Significant methods for this include the use of the encyclopaedia's list-based structure and of different features of page anatomy. The article also aims to outline specific topics for research and, during the discussion, offers some initial findings of its own, using Russian and Chinese to English translation as its main sources of examples.
Dictionary of translation studies
... CiteULike is a free online bibliography manager. Register and you can start organising your r... more ... CiteULike is a free online bibliography manager. Register and you can start organising your references online. Tags. Dictionary of Translation Studies. by: Mark Shuttleworth. RIS, Export as RIS which can be imported into most citation managers. ...
翻译研究词典
M] 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, Jan 1, 2005
Translation and knowledge mediation in medical and health settings
Linguistica Antverpiensia NS ‐ Themes in Translation Studies, 11/2012, 2012
Proceedings, ASLIB Translating and the Computer 36 Conference, London, November 2013
This paper reports on a new perspective for conceptualising the workflow of translation memory sy... more This paper reports on a new perspective for conceptualising the workflow of translation memory systems within a knowledge management framework. A translation memory system functions as an information retrieval platform that searches a database of previously translated text fragments to retrieve translation units similar to the one currently being translated. However, the success of translation memory systems rests on the effective interaction between three categories of knowledge: 1) that collected, stored and presented by translation memory systems; 2) that used within translation memory systems to enhance their performance (e.g. linguistic data, ontologies, etc.); 3) that used by translators to produce translations (e.g. problem-solving skills). Their workflow can be viewed as a knowledge management process that is a sequential cycle involving four activities: knowledge capture, knowledge codification, knowledge application and knowledge creation. Translation memory systems need to find other technologies to improve their performance in some of these steps, especially knowledge codification. This perspective explains several phenomena relating to the use of knowledge in translation. The knowledge management framework of translation memory systems contributes to our understanding of how to use vast numbers of translation resources and how to deploy new technologies for the development of translation memory systems.
Translation studies and metaphor studies: Possible paths of interaction between two well-established disciplines
Tradurre Figure / Translating Figurative Language, 2014
The objects of study of these two disciplines are etymological cognates, the meaning that lies at... more The objects of study of these two disciplines are etymological cognates, the meaning that lies at the heart of both translation and metaphor being that of transfer. The study of metaphor in translation therefore involves tackling the complexities of a double act of transfer through the use of methodologies that are correspondingly subtle. The article aims to investigate what the disciplines of translation studies and metaphor studies have in common and what the potential for interdisciplinary research might be. As argued by Israel (2011), having absorbed numerous research models and approaches from other disciplines over the last few decades, translation studies is in a strong position to share its insights and perspectives with these same disciplines. In the case of research into metaphor in translation, although the centres of gravity of translation studies and metaphor studies are rather different there is great potential for a two-way interaction between these two disciplines. On the one hand, it is now virtually inconceivable that a study of metaphor in translation should not take full account of work by scholars specialising in metaphor studies. On the other hand, translation studies can provide metaphor scholars with mono-, bi- and even multilingual data from its case studies to supplement their own descriptive work. There do of course exist a number of caveats regarding the compatibility of material from the two disciplines. However, in many cases the result of such research has been work worthy of the attention of scholars working within both disciplines. The article focuses specifically on text-based research but is of relevance to other approaches as well.
Research in translation and knowledge mediation in medical and healthcare settings
Translation and knowledge mediation in medical and health settings, 2012
Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2013, 3(6):608-629, 2013
Effective and skilful translation of technical texts is not easy to achieve. A translator of tech... more Effective and skilful translation of technical texts is not easy to achieve. A translator of technical texts often has to manage the selection of appropriate equivalents such as words, terms, styles, descriptions, proper exposition, discussion and presentation of the scientific concepts and ideas in the target language. This paper is a preliminary study that investigates the extent to which metaphors are used in the translation of English to Malay technical texts the study highlights particular challenges in translating technical texts from English to Malay with the focus on the use and translation of metaphors. Metaphor is significant as it opens alternatives for both translators and authors to present the required information to be in a manner that is more reader-friendly. The discussion of this paper not only centres on metaphors playing an important role in the explanation of scientific and technical concepts but also investigates the extent to which metaphors are used in the translation of English to Malay technical texts. The discussion will look into the hypothesis on how the usage of metaphors in the ST (source text) compares to that in the TT (target text). The analysis will indicate the main ways in which metaphorical expressions are rendered from English to Malay.
JoSTrans 21: 35-51, 2014
The aim of this article is to investigate the solutions that translators opt for when translating... more The aim of this article is to investigate the solutions that translators opt for when translating metaphorical expressions that are classified as either ‘rich images’ or ‘non-rich images.’ The investigation is based on a corpus of Scientific American texts from 2003 and 2004 and their translations into French, Italian, German, Russian and Polish. Rich images are metaphorical expressions that are ‘rich’ in detail and in associations, and around 40% of the metaphors that occur in the corpus can be classified in this way. Based on a conceptual framework partially derived from metaphor research and on quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data, the article provides a list of translation procedures that the author identifies for the translation of rich images into non-rich images and vice versa. The article determines that there is a greater tendency for rich images to be replaced by non-rich than vice versa, thus leading to the conclusion that there is a general tendency to shift from the more to the less specific, in this area of translation practice at any rate.
Proceedings of SILK conference, CD, 2014
Experienced language learners have always tended to work out their own strategies to maximise the... more Experienced language learners have always tended to work out their own strategies to maximise their effectiveness; examples of this would include consciously incorporating newly learnt words and phrases in one’s own speaking and writing, reading real texts on topics that are of interest to one and learning to paraphrase so as to utilise one’s knowledge to the greatest possible effect. Such approaches will probably always continue to have considerable validity. However, the age of the internet and mobile technology is enabling the activity of language learning to be enhanced and supported in new and innovative ways. Firstly, the vast amount of user-generated content now available in many languages on the web (including video content on sites such as Youtube) on every topic under the sun can now be exploited for language learning purposes. Secondly, there are now a wide range of apps (such as reading aids or flashcard utilities), each of which is designed to support particular aspects of the learning process. Finally, wikis and other collaborative writing projects help to make language learning a more active and even creative activity.
The paper will present a few examples of these new kinds of approach. Chief among these will be the showcasing of a user-driven wiki for learners of Mandarin Chinese that is based at University College London. One of the emphases throughout will be on considering the extent to which the new approaches and technologies considered are in the spirit of traditional language learning or should be considered a new departure.
Teaching localisation via e-learning: developing and delivering an e-course on software localisation at Imperial College London
Journal of Translation Studies, 13 (1 & 2), 2010
In view of the rising level of interest among students and professional translators in localizati... more In view of the rising level of interest among students and professional translators in localization, a decision was taken in 2007 to transform the current course unit of the Imperial College London translation master’s on localization into a standalone e-learning course. The aim of this paper is to describe the process of setting up this course and to provide a report on the early stages of its existence following its launch in January 2009. It is hoped that our experiences may prove to be of use to anyone considering designing such a course and show how both academia and the localization industry may be able to draw benefits from such an initiative.
The Translator, Volume 17, Number 2, 2011
This study is based on an analysis of 1354 translated metaphor examples drawn from a corpus consi... more This study is based on an analysis of 1354 translated metaphor examples drawn from a corpus consisting of the official published translations into French, Italian, German, Russian and Polish of 62 Scientific American articles that appeared between January 2003 and July 2004. It investigates what happens to metaphor in scientific discourse when translated into another language, on both micro- and macro-levels. Since one of the main advantages of a data-rich multilingual study of this kind is that it can potentially produce results that allow us to draw conclusions about this aspect of scientific translation at a high level of generalization, particular attention is paid to tendencies that appear to be common to translators regardless of the target language. The study distinguishes between macro-level mappings and micro-level metaphorical expressions and examines individual mappings and clusters of mappings in the English source text and their renderings into all five languages. It adopts a bottom-up approach, in that all mappings and other high-level structures are posited on the basis of the metaphorical expressions identified rather than trying to fit the metaphorical expressions into a pre-determined framework of categories.
Difficulty in Translation: Grappling with Ligeti’s Musical Metaphors
Music, Text and Translation, 2013
Metaphor in Translation: Possibilities for Process Research
Target – International Journal of Translation Studies 25:1, 2013
Polysystem theory
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, …, Jan 1, 1998
Meta, Jan 1, 2001
Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des ser... more Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir.
Proceedings of 6th EAMT Workshop on Teaching …, Jan 1, 2002
This paper has two aims. The first is to report on a project which was recently carried out as pa... more This paper has two aims. The first is to report on a project which was recently carried out as part of the Imperial College MSc in Scientific, Technical and Medical Translation with Translation Technology. For this project students were given the assignment of translating a large extract from a medical information document using a combination of machine translation and translation memory technologies. The second aim is to discuss the potential of this approach for increasing understanding of 1) the complementary function of these two fundamentally different approaches to automating the translation process, 2) the possibilities of future convergence between the various technologies and 3) practical file format manipulation techniques for facilitating data exchange. Possible modifications to the project in future years are discussed, and in the light of the project conclusions are drawn regarding Masters-level training in translation technology.
Manuscripts don't translate? Some issues arising from the translating of Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita
Babel, Jan 1, 1994
Glenny's prophecy has come abundantly true. Since it was first published in the Jour... more Glenny's prophecy has come abundantly true. Since it was first published in the Journal Moskva in 1966-7, Bulgakov's last and greatest work has attracted vast amounts of critical attention, the sheer volume of which bears ample witness to the seemingly inexhaustible possibilities of ...
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Books and Papers by Mark Shuttleworth
The paper will present a few examples of these new kinds of approach. Chief among these will be the showcasing of a user-driven wiki for learners of Mandarin Chinese that is based at University College London. One of the emphases throughout will be on considering the extent to which the new approaches and technologies considered are in the spirit of traditional language learning or should be considered a new departure.