Nasdaq - Wikipedia

Nasdaq - Wikipedia
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Coordinates
40°45′23″N
73°59′09″W
 / 
40.7565°N 73.98576°W
 /
40.7565; -73.98576
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American stock exchange
This article is about the stock exchange. For the stock market index, see
Nasdaq Composite
. For the corporation that owns Nasdaq exchanges, see
Nasdaq, Inc.
For the corporation's physical headquarters, see
Nasdaq MarketSite
Nasdaq Stock Market
Type
Stock exchange
Location
New York City
, U.S.
Coordinates
40°45′23″N
73°59′09″W
 / 
40.7565°N 73.98576°W
 /
40.7565; -73.98576
Founded
February 8, 1971
; 55 years ago
1971-02-08
Owner
Nasdaq, Inc.
Currency
United States dollar
No.
of listings
4,025 (January 2026)
Market cap
42.2
trillion
(December 2025)
Indices
Nasdaq-100
Nasdaq Financial-100
Nasdaq Composite
Website
nasdaq.com
Stockholm
Helsinki
Tallinn
Vilnius
Riga
Copenhagen
Reykjavík
New York
Philadelphia
Boston
Stock exchanges (listing venues) owned by
Nasdaq, Inc.
Nasdaq compared to corporate profits
Corporate profits after tax
NASDAQ Index
Nasdaq Stock Market
(formerly
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
) is an American
stock exchange
. It is the second-largest
stock exchange
by
market capitalization
and the first fully electronic stock market. Based in
Manhattan
, New York City, the exchange is among the most active stock trading venues by volume in the United States.
The exchange platform is owned by
Nasdaq, Inc.
, which also owns the
Nasdaq Nordic
stock
market network
and several U.S.-based stock and
options
exchanges. The exchange is the primary listing for many technology companies and also trades stock in many foreign firms, with
China
and
Israel
being the largest foreign sources.
As of December 31, 2024, 4,075 companies listed securities on Nasdaq, including 1,383 listings on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, 1,366 on The Nasdaq Global Market, and 1,326 on The Nasdaq Capital Market.
The
Nasdaq Composite
Nasdaq-100
Nasdaq Financial-100
stock market indices
are made up only of stocks listed on the Nasdaq.
History
edit
1972–2000
edit
Founding and origins
edit
Former logo used from 1990 to 2014
Studio
Nasdaq, Inc. was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), now known as the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(FINRA).
"Nasdaq" (originally and still commonly spelled with all-capital letters as "NASDAQ") is an
acronym
for "National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations".
On February 8, 1971, the Nasdaq Stock Market commenced operations as the world's first fully electronic stock market.
Initially, Nasdaq served as a "quotation system" rather than a platform for electronic trading.
Intel Corporation
was one of the first major corporations to list its shares on Nasdaq; other major companies that have been listed on Nasdaq since its early years include
Comcast
and
Applied Materials
10
Market growth
edit
Since the launch of Nasdaq, many major companies trading on the
over-the-counter
(OTC) market began switching to Nasdaq. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as "OTC" in media reports
11
and also in the monthly Stock Guides issued by
Standard & Poor's
Corporation.
12
Over the years, it became more of a stock market with the addition of trade and volume reporting and
automated trading systems
. In 1981, Nasdaq traded 37% of the U.S. securities markets' total of 21 billion shares. By 1991, Nasdaq accounted for approximately 46% of U.S. securities trading volume.
13
In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the
London Stock Exchange
to form the first intercontinental linkage of
capital markets
14
In 1996, the
SEC
issued a report alleging that Nasdaq market makers
fixed prices
by avoiding "odd-eighths" quotes (at the time, stock prices were quoted in increments of an eighth of a dollar) to artificially widen spreads. The report was followed by a new set of rules for how Nasdaq handled orders.
15
: 102, 126
Online trading
edit
In 1998, it became the first stock market in the
United States
to trade online, using the slogan "the stock market for the next hundred years".
16
The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted many companies during the
dot-com bubble
2000–2020
edit
Public listing and market change
edit
In a series of sales in 2000 and 2001, FINRA sold its stake in the Nasdaq. On July 2, 2002, Nasdaq, Inc. became a
public company
via an
initial public offering
, listing its own shares on the exchange (traded under the ticker symbol NDAQ).
17
In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange.
18
In 2007, it merged with OMX, a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the Nasdaq OMX Group.
19
To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC), must have at least three
market makers
(financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders.
In 2011, after an announced merger of
NYSE Euronext
with
Deutsche Börse
, Nasdaq partnered with
Intercontinental Exchange
to launch a rival bid, but the bid was withdrawn on regulatory concerns.
20
Acquisitions
edit
In December 2005, Nasdaq acquired
Instinet
for $1.9 billion, retaining the
Inet
ECN and subsequently selling the agency brokerage business to
Silver Lake Partners
and Instinet management.
21
22
23
The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ) was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock Market. It was purchased by Nasdaq in 2001 and became Nasdaq Europe.
24
In 2003, operations were shut down as a result of the burst of the
dot-com bubble
25
In 2007, Nasdaq Europe was revived first as Equiduct and was acquired by
Börse Berlin
later that year.
26
On November 7, 2007, Nasdaq acquired the
Philadelphia Stock Exchange
, the oldest stock exchange in the U.S.
27
Sustainability and leadership milestones
edit
On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations
Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative
on the eve of the
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
(Rio+20).
28
29
In November 2016, chief operating officer
Adena Friedman
was promoted to
chief executive officer
, becoming the first woman to serve as chief executive officer of a major U.S. exchange in the U.S.
30
In 2016, listings-related acticities accounted for $272 million in Nasdaq's revenue.
31
In October 2018, the SEC blocked the
New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) and Nasdaq from raising certain market-data prices. This was the first time the commission rejected increases for the exchanges' stock
market data
feeds.
32
33
34
In December 2019, Nasdaq created the Sustainable Bond Network, an online platform to increase transparency for green, social, and sustainability bonds.
35
In December 2020, Nasdaq announced that it would remove shares of four Chinese companies from indexes it maintains in accordance with
Executive Order 13959
36
In June 2021, Nasdaq took a majority stake in carbon-removal marketplace Puro.earth, expanding its role in voluntary carbon removal markets.
37
In 2022, Nasdaq acquired ESG reporting platform Metrio and later reported that its greenhouse gas reduction targets were validated by the Science Based Targets initiative.
38
2024–present
edit
In September 2024, the
European Commission
said it had carried out an unannounced inspection at the offices of Nasdaq over potential
anti-competitive practices
39
In October 2024, Nasdaq announced updates to its Calypso platform, including the introduction of XVA Accelerator, a tool for portfolio risk calculations.
40
In March 2025, pending approval by the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
, Nasdaq announced plans to introduce 24-hour 5-day a week trading on its United States exchange during the second half of 2026 in response to increased global demand for U.S. equities.
41
In May 2025, Nasdaq and
Amazon Web Services
(AWS) announced the launch of Nasdaq Eqlipse Trading, a cloud-based platform. Exchanges that have adopted the platform include Johannesburg Stock Exchange, Mexico's Grupo BMV, and the Philippine Stock Exchange.
42
On 18 March 2026, The
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
approved a Nasdaq proposal to allow certain stocks to be traded and settled in tokenized form. This marked a step toward integrating blockchain-based settlements into mainstream equity markets.
43
Quote availability
edit
A quote is the price of a stock as listed on an exchange. Quotes consist of bids, the price buyers are willing to pay, and offers, the price sellers will accept.
44
Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels:
Level 1 shows the highest bid and lowest ask—inside quote.
Level 2 shows all public quotes of
market makers
together with information of market dealers wishing to buy or sell stock and recently executed orders.
45
Level 3 is used by the
market makers
and allows them to enter their quotes and execute orders.
46
Trading schedule
edit
Nasdaq sessions in
Eastern Time Zone
are:
4:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.:
extended-hours trading
session (premarket)
47
9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.: normal trading session
47
4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.: extended-hours trading session (postmarket)
48
The Nasdaq Stock Market averages about 253
trading days
per year.
49
Market tiers
edit
Within the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Nasdaq exchange has three different market tiers for listed companies:
50
Capital Market
(NASDAQ-CM
small cap
) is an equity market for companies that have relatively small levels of market capitalization.
50
Listing requirements for such "small cap" companies are less stringent than for other Nasdaq markets that list larger companies with significantly higher market capitalization.
51
Global Market
(NASDAQ-GM
mid cap
) is made up of stocks that represent the Nasdaq Global Market. The Global Market consists of 1,450 stocks that meet Nasdaq's strict financial and liquidity requirements, and corporate governance standards. The Global Market is less exclusive than the Global Select Market.
52
53
Global Select Market
(NASDAQ-GS
large cap
) is a market capitalization-weighted index made up of US-based and international stocks that represent the Nasdaq Global Select Market Composite (NQGS). This includes companies with the largest market capitalization within the Nasdaq Composite.
54
The Global Select Market consists of 1,200 stocks that meet Nasdaq's strict financial and liquidity requirements and corporate governance standards. The Global Select Market is more exclusive than the Global Market. Every October, the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department reviews the Global Market Composite to determine if any of its stocks have become eligible for listing on the Global Select Market.
55
56
Difference between NYSE and Nasdaq
edit
Bunker-Ramo Data Center in 1971
Nasdaq is the second largest stock exchange in the United States. In addition to age and market capitalization, there are other key differences between the two exchanges:
57
58
59
Trading Volume
. Nasdaq has a greater trading volume than the NYSE with approximately 1.8 billion trades per day.
60
Exchange systems.
Before the
COVID-19 pandemic
, the NYSE maintained both an electronic trading system and a trading floor system staffed by live professionals who help conduct auctions.
61
62
Nasdaq has been an all-electronic exchange since its inception.
Market structure.
The NYSE traces its origins to the
Buttonwood Agreement
of 1792, when brokers met in person to trade securities using
open outcry
63
Nasdaq began in 1971 as the first exclusively electronic quotation system for
over-the-counter
securities, displaying
bid and ask
prices from competing
market makers
on cathode-ray terminals; however, trades were still executed by telephone until electronic execution was introduced in 1984.
64
65
In 2002–2003, Nasdaq launched
Supermontage
, integrating a public
limit order book
with market maker quotations and allowing any participant to post orders.
66
67
The NYSE adopted a similar electronic
central limit order book
system in 2006,
68
which today handles the majority of their trading volume; however, the NYSE retains its physical trading floor where
designated market makers
facilitate opening, closing, and reopening auctions and are obligated to provide liquidity for the public (institutions, hedge funds, broker/dealers) during periods of volatility.
69
Listing fees.
Listing fees on the Nasdaq vary based on market. For the Capital Market, the fee range is $53,000-$86,000; the Global and Global Select Markets range is $56,000-$193,000; and there is an $81,000-$85,000 listing fee for acquisition companies.
70
Sectors.
Investors typically view the NYSE as an exchange for older, more established companies.
71
Nasdaq tends to be home to newer companies focused on technology and innovation.
72
See also
edit
New York City portal
ACT (NASDAQ)
Advanced Computerized Execution System
Directors Desk
Economy of New York City
List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas
List of stock exchanges in the Americas
NASDAQ futures
Supermontage
(SM) integrated trading system
United States corporate law
CCP Global
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edit
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External links
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