Sandra Bree & Saskia Hin, The impact of World War I on marriages, divorces, and gender relations in Europe. Routledge Research in Gender and History, vol. 40. New York, Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019
Introduction: The Impact of War on Marriage and Gender Relations Warfare profoundly affects the l... more Introduction: The Impact of War on Marriage and Gender Relations Warfare profoundly affects the life courses of men, children, and women. It is less clear how war is related to (the dynamics of) gender (in)equalities. A survey in the early 2000s suggested that the frequency of warfare across societies correlated somewhat with cross-cultural levels of gender inequality but did so only to a modest and uneven extent. 1 Of how individual wars impact upon gender relations, we know very little, and of how war, gender relations, and marriage and family patterns influence each other, even less: so far, demographic perspectives have not played a prominent role in the historical debate. This study seeks to fill part of this gap by studying trends in first marriage patterns before, during and after World War I (WWI). Since marriage patterns are intricately linked with couple dynamics and gender relations at the micro-level, marriage certificates provide us with excellent material for a bottom-up perspective on how the First World War affected gender relations. Various aspects of marriage behaviour may be understood in the light of gender dynamics and the position of men and women in the private and public domains. Large age gaps between partners may point to less equal relationships and imbalances in the bargaining power of each partner. 2 Young ages at first marriage for women have been seen as indicative of gender-separated spheres, of male (reproductive) power over women, and of a normative system in which men are seen as heads of the household, while women are valued primarily as wives and mothers. 3 In this study, we use long-term trends in ages at first marriage and age gaps between partners as an-not the-indicator of gender patterns. Second, we look at trends in social homogamy, based on the profession of partners. The
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Books by Paul Puschmann
The present collection includes seven contributions, on eight databases, that had a wide impact on research in various disciplines. Each database had its own unique genesis and readers are informed about how these databases have changed the course of research in historical demography and related disciplines, how settled findings were challenged or confirmed, and how innovative investigations were launched and implemented.
The volume serves as an essential resource for scholars in the field of historical life course studies, offering insights into the transformative power of these databases and their potential for future advancements in academic research.
Using this framework, this volume explores global trends in marriage. In nineteenth-century Western Europe, marriage was increasingly regarded as the only way to reach happiness and self-fulfilment. In the United States former slaves obtained the right to marry, leading to a convergence in marriage patterns between the black and white populations. In Latin America, marriage remained less common, but marriage rates were nevertheless on the rise. In African and Asian societies, European colonial powers tried to change indigenous marriage customs like polygamy and arranged marriages, but had limited success. Across the globe, in a time of turbulent political and economic change, marriage and the family remained crucial institutions, the linchpins of society that they had been for centuries.
van kinderen
De inleiding van deze bundel geeft een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen van gendergeschiedenis. Ook de meerwaarde van een genderbenadering voor de historische demografie komt aan bod. De specificiteit van de gender-aanpak wordt vervolgens thematisch geïllustreerd aan de hand van concrete studies over partnerkeuze, huwelijk, gezinssamenstelling en sterfte. De bijdragen zijn heterogeen qua methodologische aanpak en qua theoretische oriëntatie.
De teksten in deze bundel werden in december 2012 gepresenteerd op de Vijfde Dag van de Historische Demografie, een initiatief van de Wetenschappelijke Onderzoeksgemeenschap Historische Demografie (FWO Vlaanderen). Het boek wordt mee gefinancierd door het NW Posthumus Instituut.
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However, the arrival of the French changed Casablanca’s destiny forever. Foreign investment and the construction of a large artificial ocean port transformed Dar el Beida swiftly into the new economic heart of Morocco. Economic prosperity went hand-in-hand with demographic growth, as more and more rural migrants moved to the booming town in search of work. Like many other cities in the developing world, Dar el Beida attracted many times more migrants than it had jobs to offer. Consequently, unemployment increased and slums sprang up across the city. These ominous developments, however, did not stop hundreds of thousands of new immigrants arriving over the last century. As such, social disaster became inevitable.
The author of this book explores the causes and consequences of persistent massive rural-to-urban migration to Dar el Beida during the twentieth century. He goes beyond the level of mere statistical analysis, with the inclusion of detailed interviews revealing the motives of the migrants. The series of in-depth case studies are a valuable contribution to the field of migration studies and give a voice to a group of people who are seldom heard.
Papers by Paul Puschmann
models reveal that infants born to domestic migrant mothers had significantly lower mortality risks compared to those of native mothers — a 17 to 19% lower risk of dying. This effect remained robust after adjusting for the infant's sex, birth year, legitimacy status, maternal age at birth, and paternal socioeconomic status. No such advantage was observed for infants of international migrant mothers, likely due to their mothers' lower social integration. While infants of both domestic and international migrant fathers also exhibited lower mortality risks than those of native-born fathers, these effects were considerably smaller than those of domestic migrant mothers and not statistically significant.
Dutch mating market from 1841 to 1995, focusing on the rise of
the cultural ideal of love-based partner selection. The study examines
two hypotheses related to partner selection in modernization
theory: the romantic-love hypothesis and the status-attainment
hypothesis. These hypotheses are tested with descriptive and multivariate
analysis using a database on matrimonial and contact advertisements.
The study shows that the transition from instrumental to
romantic partner choice was a gradual process, that in the
Netherlands only gained momentum in the latter half of the twentieth
century coinciding with processes of individualisation and the
rise of the welfare state, a century later than earlier literature
suggests. First instrumental preferences declined, then romantic
preferences grew in importance. Furthermore, while the statusattainment
hypothesis predicts an increase in educational preferences
over time, the growth was slower and later than expected.
These findings challenge both the romantic-love and status-attainment
hypotheses and suggest an adjusted combined hypothesis.
The study also highlights the role of social status and gender in
partner preferences. Advertisers from higher social classes were
more likely to express romantic preferences, indicating that wealthier
individuals were earlier on inclined to turn love into the
cornerstone of their relationships. Women exhibited a stronger
emphasis on social status and educational level than men, highlighting
gender role ideas of the time with women’s financial
dependence guiding their preferences for a partner that could
provide for them and their children. Moreover, the research demonstrates
that religion and civil status did not significantly influence
the internalization of love-based partner choice. The article concludes
by emphasizing the significance of matrimonial and contact
advertisements as valuable sources for comprehending the quest
for a partner in the past and suggests potential avenues for future
research based on these advertisements.
part of Belgium. As such the database allows the reconstruction of historical life courses and families, and the analysis of key demographic characteristics and developments regarding marriage, fertility, migration, social mobility, health, mortality and longevity, as well as their interplay within and across households, families and generations. After a short description of the source material and the construction of the database, a review of the literature based on the database is presented in order to provide the reader with an encompassing overview of the research that has been carried out with this database and the knowledge and insights it has generated since its first release in 2010. The article ends with a discussion of potential pathways for future research, including new topics, and future extension of the database through citizen science projects.
European cities grow up multilingual, being proficient in more than
one language. Current public and political debates often insinuate
that these children’s language behaviour is a reflection of their
identification with and integration in society. Though some
empirical studies have corroborated this idea, others have
contested it, suggesting that a more detailed analysis of the
identity-language link is advisable. This quantitative study
investigates if and how language practices, language exposure and
language proficiencies differentially shape identification with the
majority group and the ethnolinguistic minority group among a
sample of primary school children (N = 528; ages 10–12) living in
Antwerp, Belgium. Our results suggest that identification with
these two groups involves separate processes and as such, this
study helps to nuance the polarised public and political debate in
Belgium about the role of language as an indicator of integration.
In addition, the findings suggest that the essentializing of language
within formal institutions such as schools, may contribute to the
large share of children reporting that they strongly identify with
the ethnolinguistic minority group as compared to the number of
children strongly identifying with Belgium