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“KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka ghfp];jhdpy; ,uhZt Ml;rpAk; [dehafKk; Fwpj;j Xh; Ma;T T. Fathima Sajeetha, Department of Political Science South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Ma;Tr; RUf;fk; %d;whk; cyf ehLfspd; murpaypy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;w mk;rq;fSs; ,uhZtk; Kjd;ik ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpy ehLfspd; murpaiyg; nghWj;jtiu> ,uhZtj;jpdhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;L tUtij tuyhw;wpYk; mNjNghy rkfhyj;jpYk; fhzf;f$bajhf cs;sJ. me;jtifapy;> ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;J Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;w ehLfSk; ,tw;Ws; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. njd;dhrpahitg; nghWj;jtiu ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;jpy; gpupj;jhdpauplkpUe;J Rje;jpuk; ngw;w ghfp];jhd; mjd; cUthf;fj;ijj; njhlh;e;j FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs;NsNa ,uhZtr; nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlh;e;J te;j fhyg; gFjpapYk; ,uhZtk; vd;gJ ghfp];jhdpa murpaypd; ikakhf> gpupf;f Kbahj xd;whff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ghfp];jhdpypUe;J Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L jdp ehlhfpa gq;fshNj\pYk; ,g;gz;G epiy nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,f;fl;LiuahdJ ghfp];jhd; murpaypy; ,uhZt nry;thf;ifAk; mjdhy; Vw;gl;l [dehaf neUf;fbfisAk; Muha;tij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tptuzg; gFg;gha;T Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s ,t;tha;tpw;F ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfshd E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; kw;Wk; gj;jpupiffs; vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tha;thdJ mwpKfk;> murpaypy; ,uhZtr; nry;thf;Ff;fhd fhuzq;fs;> ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt Ml;rp> mjdhy; Vw;gl;l [dehaf neUf;fbfs; Nghd;w jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpujhd nrhw;fs;: ,uhZtk;> ,uhZt Ml;rp> gzpaftikg;G mwpKfk; Rje;jpukile;j Muk;gj;jpy; ghfp];jhdhdJ ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;jpy; Xu; ,];yhkpa ehlhf ,yq;if> ,e;jpah Mfpa ehLfisj; ghfp];jhd; 1947 Mf];l; 15k; jpfjp Gjpa jOtpajhfNt mjdJ murpay; KiwikAk; murhf cjakhdJ. ,e;jpa Jizf; mike;jpUe;jJ. mjhtJ> ghuuhSkd;w fz;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf tpsq;fpapUe;j [dehafj;ij ghfp];jhd; gpujpgypj;jpUe;j ghfp];jhd; ,e;jpa Rje;jpuj;Jld; jdf;fhd NghJk; kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpNyNa [dehaf Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. murpaYf;F mq;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;lJ. Fwpg;ghf xU jrhg;j ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fhyj;jpw;F kl;LNk [dehaf murpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld; K];ypk;fspd; gq;Fk; Kiwik nray;glf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. Rkhu; kwf;f Kbahj> Nehf;fj; jf;fnthd;whfTk; 50 tUl fhy murpay; tuyhw;wpy; Rkhu; 30 mike;jpUe;jJ. Kfk;kJ myp [pd;dhtpd; tUlq;fs; rpy tbtq;fspy; ,uhZt Ml;rp jiyikapd; fPo; top elj;jg;gl;;l ,k; Kiw ghfp];jhdpy; epytp te;Js;sJ. 1953y; K];ypk; yPf;fhdJ ,e;jpahtplkpUe;J eilg; ngw;w ,e;J-K];ypk; fytuq;fspy; gpuptpid Nfhupajd; tpisthf Njhw;wk; Kjd; Kjypy; ,uhZtr; rl;lk; ghfp];jhdpy; ngw;wNj ghfp];jhdhFk;. ,e;J yh`{u; efupy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ejpg;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,e;jpah> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ,f;fhyg;gFjpAld; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l <uhd; Mfpa ehLfSf;fpilapy; mjd; ,uhZtj;jpDila murpay; kPjhd miktplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nry;thf;F VNjh xU tifapy; ghfp];jhdpy; njhluyhapw;W. rl;lj;ijAk; XOq;ifAk; 1947,y; Rje;jpuk; mile;j ghfp];jhdpd; epiy ehl;lf; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ,uhZt KjyhtJk; Kf;fpakhdJkhd gpur;rpid rl;lkhdJ ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt vt;thW Xu; murpay; mikg;gpid tiue;J murpaYf;fhd Kf;fpakhd iky; fy;yhfTk; nfhs;tJ vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ> (Key – Stone) mike;J tpl;lJ (Bahadur, ghfp];jhdpd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; murpay; 1984). ,q;F ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt Ml;rpia jpl;lg; gupNrhjid vd;gJ Muha;tjw;F Kd;G ,uhZt Ml;rp Kiw ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy vd;Nw Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,J vd;why; vd;dntd;W Muha;Nthkhdhy; gpd;du; Vw;gl;l murpay; ru;r;irf;Fk; “,uhZt mjpfhupfspdhy; my;yJ Xu; jLkhw;wj;jpw;Fk; gpujhd fhuzpahfTk; ,uhZtf; FOtpdhy; ,uhZt rjpg;Gul;rpapd; mike;jJ. ghfp];jhdpy; eph;thf kw;Wk; %yk; ,uhZtj;jpd; MjuTld; murpd; kdpjhgpkhdg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;lNtis mjpfhuj;ij ngw;w nghWg;gw;wjd;ikAld; Njrj;jpd; je;ijahd Kfkl;myp [pd;dh Ml;rp elhj;Jk; Kiw” ,uhZt Ml;rp Kiw 1948,y; ghfp];jhd; cUthf;fj;jpd; 13 vd tiuaWf;fyhk; (Maniruzzaman, 1992). khjq;fspd; gpd;dh; fhykhdhh;. Page | 63 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Mjyhy;> ,uhZt Ml;rp Kiwapy; mq;F gj;jpupiffs; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J rfy tpjkhd eltbf;iffspYk; ,uhZtNk ngwg;gl;Ls;sd. Kjd;ik ngw;Wf; fhzg;gl;lhYk; rpy murpay; Ma;thsu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb> murpaypy; ,uhZtr; nry;thf;Ff;fhd ,uhZt Ml;rpahdJ jdpj;J ,uhZt fhuzq;fs; tPuu;fis kl;Lk; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;glhky; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpw;gl;l %d;whk; cyf ngUksthd kf;fs; cWg;gpdu;fs;> rptpy; ehLfspy; Neubahd ,uhZt jiyaPlhdJ Nritahsu;fs;> Kfhikahsu;fs;> njhlu;r;rpahf ,lk; ngWk; nrayhfNt murpay;thjpfs; kw;Wk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 1960 f;Fk; 1980 f;Fk; njhopy;El;gtpayhsu;fs; vd;NghiuAk; jkf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f cjtpahf itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Ml;rpia ehLfspy; ¾ gFjpapy; ,uhZtg; Gul;rpfs; njhlu;e;J elhj;Jtu;. Amos Perlmutter ,d; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,Nj Nghy Mrpa fUj;Jg;gb etPd ,uhZt Ml;rp KiwahdJ ehLfspYk; Mgpupf;fhtpd; ngUk;ghyhd jdpj;J ,uhZtj;ij kl;Lk; nfhz;bUf;fhky; muRfspYk; ,uhZtj; jiyaPL murpaypy; ,uhZt - rptpypad;fspd; (military – civil ,lk;ngw;Nw te;Js;sJ. ]ha;Nu (Zaire) vd;w regimes) Ml;rp KiwahfNt mJ fhzg;gLk; Mgpupf;f ehl;by; 11.04.1997 md;W me;ehl;bd; vd;whu;. NkYk; mtu; ,uhZt Ml;rp gw;wp ,uhZt jsgjp gpujk ke;jpupahf fUj;J njuptpf;ifapy; ,Wjpj; jPu;khdk; epakpf;fg;gl;l tplak; ,uhZtk; murpaypy; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; ,uhDtk; Kjd;ikahd ngw;W tUk; nry;thf;Ff;F rpwe;j gq;Fk; tfpf;fpd;wJ vd;whu;. cjhuzkhFk;. ve;jnthU tUlKk; VNjh xU tifapy; ,uhZt jiyaPNlh my;yJ Ma;Tg; gpur;rpid ,uhZt rjpg; Gul;rpfNsh ,lk; ngwhj ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;jpy; gpupj;jhdpauplkpUe;J tUlq;fis ehk; fz;L nfhs;s KbahJ. Rje;jpuk; ngw;w ghfp];jhd; mjd; Fwpg;ghf %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; rpwg;ghd cUthf;fj;ijj; njhlh;e;j FWfpa Kiwapy; ,uhZtj; jiyaPl;il fz;L fhyj;jpw;Fs;NsNa ,uhZtr; nfhs;s KbAk;. Xt;nthU 5 tUlq;fSf;F nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlh;e;J xU jlitahtJ tsu;Kf ehLfspy; 1948y; te;j fhyg; gFjpapYk; ,uhZtk; vd;gJ ,Ue;J Fiwe;jJ xU jlitahtJ ghfp];jhdpa murpaypd; ikakhf> gpupf;f ,uhZtj; jiyaPNlh my;yJ ,uhZtj;jpd; Kbahj xd;whff; fhzg;gl;lJ. MjuTld; rjpg; Gul;rpfNsh ,lk; ngWtjhf ,f;fhyg;gFjpAld; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l 1991k; Mz;bd; cyf tq;fpapd; (World Bank) ,uhZtj;jpDila murpay; kPjhd mwpf;if jfty; ntspapl;Ls;sJ. nry;thf;F VNjh xU tifapy; ghfp];jhdpy; njhluyhapw;W. rl;lj;ijAk; XOq;ifAk; tuyhw;W mbg;gilapy; fle;j fhy murpaiy epiy ehl;lf; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ,uhZtr; Nehf;f tUk; NghJ murpaypy; ,uhZtj; rl;lkhdJ ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt jiyaPlhdJ Kf;fpakhf ,uhZt rjp murpaYf;fhd Kf;fpakhd iky; fy;yhfTk; Gul;rpahdJ Gjpa xd;whf fhzg;glhtpl;lhYk; (Key – Stone) mike;J tpl;lij Ma;Tg; 3k; cyf ehLfspy; ,J Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;w gpur;rpidahff; nfhz;L ,t;tha;T xd;whfNt fhzg;gl tUfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. Njrpa murpay;thjpfSk; murpay; Ma;thsu;fSk; kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;ija r%f Ma;T Nehf;fk; tpQ;QhdpfSk; ,t;thwhd jiyaPl;il ,f;fl;LiuahdJ ghfp];jhd; murpaypy; ntt;Ntwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Muha;ej ; Jld; ,uhZt nry;thf;ifAk; mjdhy; Vw;gl;l NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fisAk; Kd;itj;Js;sdu;. [dehaf neUf;fbfisAk; Muha;tij ,uhZtkhdJ murpaypy; Kidg;ghd Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhf gq;fpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F gpujhd murpaypy; ,uhZtr; nry;thf;Ff;fhd fhuzpahf mika tUtJ mJ fhuzq;fs;> ghfp];jhd; ,uhZt Ml;rp> xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l eyf; FOthf my;yJ mjdhy; Vw;gl;l [dehaf neUf;fbfs; mKf;ff; FOthf nry;gl tUtjdhyhFk;. Nghd;w jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; mj;Jld; murhq;fj;jpy; mjpf rYif xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mspf;fg;gl;l xOq;fikg;ghfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Ma;T Kiwapay; ,t;tha;thdJ gz;G uPjpahd tptuzg; ,uhZtj; jiyikg; gPlkhdJ murhq;f gFg;gha;T Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy; ,ae;jpuj;jpw;F gy;NtWgl;lJk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,jw;fhd juTfs; mj;jpatrpakhd NritfisAk; gq;fpidAk; ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juT %yq;fshd E}y;fs;> toq;fp tUfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> ghJfhg;Gld; rQ;rpiffs;> Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rfy tplaq;fspYk; ,e;epWtdj;jpd; MNyhridfSk; mwpTiufSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; Page | 64 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka NtWgl;l topKiwfspYk; murhq;fj;jpw;F gpujhd fhuzpahf jho;e;j nghUshjhu cjtpAk; tUfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; murpay; tsu;r;rp tPjk;> Fiwe;J te;j ifj;njhopy; epUthfpfSf;Fk; ,uhZt cau; Ntiytha;g;Gk; murpaypy; cau;e;jsthd mjpfhupfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; kpf neUq;fpa ,uhZtj; jiyaPl;Lf;F gpujhd fhuzpfshf njhlu;Gk; fhzg;gLtij mwpe;J nfhs;s milahsk; fhZfpd;wdu;. KbAk;. ,jdhy; ve;jnthU murhq;f ,ae;jpuKk; ,t;tpuhZt mikg;igf; kf;fs; murpay; fyhrhuj;jpid Fiwj;J kjpg;gpl KbahjthW mjd; gq;Fk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; murpaypy; ,uhZt gzpAk; jw;fhy muRfspy; mjpfupj;J jiyaPl;il mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk; vd fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ Finer Fwpg;gpl tUfpd;whu;. ,e;j tifapy; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;w ve;jnthU tplak; tsu;r;rpaile;j murpay; fyhrhuj;jpidf; njhlu;ghfTk; murhq;fj;ij ,zq;f nfhz;l ehLfis tpl Fiwe;jsT murpay; itf;fNth my;yJ tw;GWj;jp fyhrhuj;jpidf; nfhz;l ehLfspy; (Minimal eilKiwg;gLj;jNth jpwik nfhz;l political culture) kf;fs; murhq;fkhdJ mikg;ghf fz;Lnfhs;syhk;. murpaiyf; nfhz;L elj;Jtjpy; jpwikaw;W ,t;tpuhZtkhdJ vt;thwhd etPd fhzg;gLtJld; ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; MAjq;fis nfhs;tdT nra;a Ntz;Lk;> mq;F ,uhZt jiyaPl;il muRfspy; vt;thW xU ehL ghJfhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;> fhzyhk; (Finer, 1962). ngUk;ghyhd %d;whk; vt;thwhd topKiwapy; Aj;jk; cyf ehLfs; jho;e;j murpay; nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp fyhrhuj;ijAk; gytPdkhd murpay; murhq;fj;jpw;F njupag;gLj;JtJld; vt;thW fl;likTk; nfhz;L fhzg;gl;ld. xU ehl;bd; r%fk; xOq;FgLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidAk; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. ,uhZtk; murpaypy; jiyaPL nra;tjw;F ehl;bd; Njrpa xw;Wikiag; ghJfhg;gJk; kw;nwhU fhuzkhf nghUshjhu> r%f> kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpathjk;> gpuptpidthjk; fyhrhuq;fis tpl mjd; vd;gtw;Wf;F vjpuhf Njrj;ij xd;WgLj;Jk;; xOq;fikg;Gj;jd;ikAk; gpujhd fhuzpahf (Integrity of the nation) gy Kaw;rpfspYk; mike;JtpLfpd;wJ. murpaypy; kw;wa jdJ gq;fspg;ig toq;fp tUfpd;wJ (Smith, xOq;fikg;gpid tpl ,uhZt mikg;ghdJ 1996). ,d;ndhU tifapYk; ,uhZtkhdJ kpff; $Ljyhf murpaypy; gad; mile;J murpaypy; jiyapl tuyhk;. mjhtJ> nfhs;tjid fhzyhk;. kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l murhq;fj;ij khw;wp mjw;F gjpyhf GjpanjhU ,uhZt mikg;ghdJ Vida kf;fs; murhq;fj;ijAk; Ml;rpapy; mku;j;j KbAk;. mikg;ig tpl kpff; $Ljyhf eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpd; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;lJk; ,Wf;fkhdJkhfTk; Mizfis Vw;fhJ vjpu;f;fl;rpfSf;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,J kpfj; Mjutspj;J MSk; fl;rp ,ae;jpuj;ij njspthd fl;lisj; njhlu;GlDk; (Chain of gytPdg;gLj;jp Gjpa murhq;fj;ij my;yJ Command) kpff; $Ljyhd fl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; murpay; khw;wj;ij nfhz;LtUfpd;wJ njhlu;Gk; nfhz;l mikg;ghfTk; jpfo;fpd;wJ. (Woddis, 1977). nghJthf ,uhZtk; jPu;khdq;fs; cldbahf murpaypy; jiyaPL nra;J nfhs;tjw;F epiwNtw;wg;gLtJld; mit fUj;J ngUksT fhuzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j NtWghl;ilAk; miltjpy;iy. ,jdhy; tifapy; nghUshjhuk; cl;gl ve;jnthU %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; ,uhZt tplaKk; ,jDld; njhlu;ghfpd;wJ. xOq;fikg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; ehk; Fiwthf nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpahdJ murpd; kjpg;gplf; $lhJ. cWjpg;ghl;Lj; jd;ikf;F kpf Kf;fpakhdjhf fhzg;gl tUfpd;wJ. nghUshjhu ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt Ml;rp gpd;dilthdJ ,uhZt jiyaPl;il ,d;W ghfp];jhd; ,uhZtk; ehl;bd; kpf Jupjg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ rf;jptha;ej ; > xOq;fike;j> kw;Wk; tsKs;s (Smith, 1996). Xu; murhq;fkhdJ epWtdkhf epiynfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J nghUshjhuj;jpid etPdj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; ghfp];jhdpd; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd gl;rj;jpy; rKfj;ijg; nghUshjhu miuthrpf;F mjpfkhd fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;wj;jho;Tf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ. ehl;bd; tplaq;fis NeubahfTk; eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; murhq;fj;ij kiwKfkhfTk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jJ. khw;wpaikf;ff; $ba jd;ik ngw;W mjdhy; me;jtifapy; 1958> 1969> 1977 kw;Wk; 1999- xU ehl;bd; murpay; gq;Nfw;gpidg; 2008 tiu Nghd;w ehd;F tpj;jpahrkhd nghWj;jtiuapy; Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf fhyg;gFjpapy; rptpy; Ml;rpiaf; Fog;gp nghUshjhuk; mike;J tUfpd;wJ. ,uhZt Ml;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ghfp];jhdpd; Ke;ija Ml;rpahsh;fs; ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjuthf McGowan & Johnsonk; murpay; Kiwikapd; [dehafkakhf;fk; 1956 – 1984y; ,ilg;gl;l Mgpupf;fhtpd; njhlh;gpy; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jtpy;iy. murpaypy; ,uhZtj; jiyaPl;Lf;F xU Vnddpy; mth;fspd; gpujhd ftdpg;G ehl;bd; Page | 65 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka cs;sf kw;Wk; ntspaf rthy;fSf;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s te;j NghJ murpay; Kfq;nfhLj;J vt;thW mjd; tho;it cWjp gpur;rpid Muk;gkhfpaJ vdyhk;. nra;tJ vd;gJ njhlh;ghfNt ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; ghfp];jhd; murpaypy; ,uhZtj; ghfp];jhdpy; 1953y; ,e;J-K];ypk; jiyaPL mjd; Nkyhjpf;fj;jpw;F fhuzkhf fytuj;ijj; njhlu;e;J ,uhZtk; murpaypy; mike;jJ. mur fl;likg;gpy; ,uhZtj;jpw;F <Lglj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,uhZtj;jpDila toq;fg;gl;l Nkd;ikj; jd;ikAk; mjpfhup Nk[u; n[duy; nkhfkl; mrhk; fhd; ghfp];jhdpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;J mjid fhy mstpd;wp ePbj;jhu;. KO nfhz;l K];ypk; yPf;fpdJ jd;ikAkhFk; msthd r%f mikjpia Vw;gLj;Jk; (Akmal, 1985). Rje;jpuk; mile;j gpd;dUk; nghUl;L ,uhZtr; rl;lk; ePbf;fg;gl;lJ ghfp];jhd; ,uhZtKk; gzpaf mikg;Gk; vdTk; $wg;gl;lJ (Panendiker, 2000). rf;fptha;ej ; mikg;ghf njhlu;e;Jk; yh`{upy; ,uhZt rl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jJld; murpay; nghUshjhu khw;wj;ij rupahf 45 ehl;fSf;Fs; MSdu; ehafk; Vw;gLj;JtjpYk; mJNt gpujhd fhuzpahff; Fyhk; Kfk;kjpdhy; gpujk ke;jpupahd fhzg;gl;lJ. NkYk; ghfp];jhd; murpaypy; e[pKjPd; ePf;fg;gl;lhu;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,uhZtKk; gzpaf mikg;Gk; muir rl;l rigapd; ngUk;ghd;ikg; MSfpd;w mikg;gpy; rf;jp tha;ej; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij ngw;wpUe;j Kfk;kJ myp epWtdq;fshf njhlu;Ggl;l fhuzj;jpdhy; gpujkuhdhu;. tUlhe;j thj nraw;wpl;lj;ij ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpurpw;Fg; gjpyhf rl;l rigapy; epiwNtw;wpa re;ju;g;gj;jpNy ghfp];jhdpa K];ypk; yPf;fhdJ Xu; ,J epfo;e;jJ (Phadnis, 1986). ,jd; gpd;du; ,af;fkhf (movement) fhzg;gl;lNj md;wp MSdu; ehafj;jpdhy; Kfk;kJ myp Xu; murpay; fl;rpahf fhzg;gltpy;iy gpujkuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. MSdu; ehafk; (Akmal, 1985). ghfp];jhdpa Rje;jpug; Fyhk; Kfk;kJ ru;tjpfhu Ml;rpia Nghuhl;l fhyj;jpy; ,f;fl;rpahdJ kf;fs; je;jpukhf mikj;jJld; ,uhZt MjuTld; kj;jpapy; gyj;j Mjuitg; ngw;W jdpahd Kd; vg;NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; gzpf;FO Ml;rpaikg;gpy; cWjpahd ,lj;ijg; murpay; tsu;r;rpailaf; fhuzk; Mfpd;wJ. ngw;Wf;nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf etPd ,J ,uhZtKk; gzpf;FOTk; xd;WgLfpd;w muRfspd; murpay; jiyikj;Jtk; xU epiyia Nehf;fpa Muk;gkhFk; (Phadnis, fl;rpfshy; epug;gg;gLtJ Nghy; ghfp];jhd; 1986). murpay; jiyikj;Jtk; xd;W ehl;bd; murpaiy topg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpwg;ghd ,jd; gpd;du; ,uhZtk; jkJ nry;thf;if Kiwapy; fl;rpfs; tsu;r;rpailahjjhy; gbg;gbahf kf;fshl;rpapy; mjpfupj;jJ mt;ntw;wplj;ij ,uhZtKk; (Phadnis, 1986). 1954y; gpujk ke;jpupahd gzpaftikg;Gk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ld. Kfk;kJ mypf;Fk; MSdu; ehafj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghL fhuzkhf MSdu; ghfp];jhd; Rje;jpuk; mile;j fhyj;jpy; 1947 ehafj;jpdhy; gpujk ke;jpupahd Kfk;kj; – 1957 tiu ghuhSkd;w Ml;rpapy; myp> ke;jpup rigia kPsikf;Fk; gzpf;F cWjpapd;ikf;F gpujk ke;jpup gjtpfs; tw;GWj;jg;gl;lhu;. mjd;gb n[duy; IA+g; mbf;fb khwpaikAk; fhuzkhf fhd; (mg;Nghija ghfp];jhd; ,uhZtj; mikfpd;wJ. 1947k; Mz;L Kfk;kj; myp jsgjp) kw;Wk; n[duy; ,];fe;ju; kpu;rh [pd;dhtpd; jiyikj;Jtj;Jld; Muk;gkhfp MfpNahu; mikr;ru;fshf GFj;jg;gl;ldu;. 1958 IA+g;fhd; jiyikj;Jtk; tiu ,t;thwhd fhyj;jpy; ,uhZt mjpfhup;fspd; ghfp];jhd; jiyikj;JtkhdJ ngUksT murpay; gpuNtrkhdJ miu Fiw ru;tjpfhuk;; mbf;fb khhw;wq;fspw;Fg; te;Js;sikia nfhz;l epu;thfk; (Semi-dictatorial executive) fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,jw;F kw;nwhU mikf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W tu;zpf;fg;gl;lJ fhuzkhf miktJ Kfk;kl; myp (Phadnis, 1986). [pd;dhtpw;F gpd;du; ghfp];jhdpd; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;w jiytu;fs; Nkw;$wg;gl;l tifapy; ,uhZtj; jiyaPL cUthftpy;iy vd;gJld; ghfp];jhd; ghfp];jhdpd; murpaypy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljd; Rje;jpuk; mile;j xU tUl fhyj;jpw;Fs; fhuzkhf Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ vd;dntd;why; ghfp];jhdpd; ];jhgfu; ,we;jikahy; mq;F 1947y; ghfp];jhd; cUthd NghJk; mJ jiyikj;Jt ntw;wplk; fhzg;;gl;lJld;; mt; jdf;nfd Xu; murpay; ahg;ig cUthf;fpf; ntw;wplj;ij epug;gpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kf;fs; nfhs;stpy;iy. Rkhu; xU jrhg;j fhyj;jpw;F kj;jpapy; gpugy;ak; ngw;w jiytu;fs; ghfp];jhd; murpayhdJ gpupj;jhdpa fhzg;glhikAk; Xu; fhuzkhf ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; 1945 ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;ij nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghuhSkd;w rhu;Gs;s epu;thf mikg;ig jdJ murpay; khjpupahf KjyhtJ ,uhZt Ml;rpahsuhd IA+g;fhd; gpd;gw;wj; njhlq;fpa NghJk; mg;Nghija (1958- 1962) ehl;il ,uhZtr; rl;lj;jpd;fPo; ftu;du; n[duhy; Fyhk; Kfk;kJ gpujku; Ml;rp nra;jJld; [dhjpgjp KiwiaAk; e[pKjPDk; jq;fSf;F rhjfkhd Kiwapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. 1958y; IA+g;fhd; Page | 66 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka gjtpNaw;wJk; mtu; GjpanjhU murpay; murpay; NtWghl;il ePf;FtJld; Njrpa Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. ,J Basic xUikg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;jp murpay; democracy vd miof;fg;gl;lJ (Panadiker, mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jyhk; vd;W murpay; 2000). IA+g;fhd; fhyj;jpy; MAjg; mwpQu;fs; $Wfpd;w NghJk; ghfp];jhdpd; gilaplkpUe;J cz;ikahd MjuT mDgtj;jpy; ,uhZt Ml;rpahsu;fshy; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ,Ue;jNghJk;> Neub Kf;fpakhf IA+g; fhd; njhlf;fk; a`;ah ,uhZt Ml;rp KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lhYk; fhd; tiu %d;whk; cyf ehL xd;why; Kjd; 1962 murpayikg;gpd; kjjpakag;gLj;jg;gl;l Kjyhf ntw;wpfukhd gpuptpidthj ,af;fk; kw;Wk; vNjr;rjpfhukhd Ml;rpf;F rl;l xd;iw jkJ eltbf;ifapd; %yk; Njhw;wk; uPjpahd murpayikg;G ghJfhg;ig ngwr; nra;jdu;. NkYk; ,tu;fspd; ,uhZt toq;fpaJ. ,J ghfp];jhdpy; Rje;jpukhd jd;ikapyhd Ml;rpapdhy; Rje;jpukhd rptpy; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfSf;F murpay; Nghf;F Kiwia jil nra;jdu;. mDkjpaspg;gjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Ue;jhYk; murpay;thjpfs; xope;J tho my;yJ ehl;il mur Clfq;fs; gq;Fgw;wy; [dehafj;jpd; tpl;L ntspNawp ntspehLfspy; ePz;l fhyk; Gjpa jrhg;jj;jpd; Muk;gkhf ,t;thl;rpia mQ;Qhdthrk; nra;ag;gl;ldu;. ,jdhy; KO th;zpj;jd. mstpy; murpay; mgptpUj;jp gho;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; njhlu;e;Jk; ,lk;ngw;w Mdhy; 10 tUl fhy ,tuJ Ml;rpapd; gpd;du; ,uhZt Ml;rp Kiwapdhy; njhlu;r;rpahf ,uZt MjuT tpyf;fg;gl;lNjhL mtu; kf;fs; murpay; mDgtk; ngWtJ xj;jp gjtpapypUe;J jtpu;f;fg;gl mf;fhyj;jpDs; itf;fg;gl;Lk; te;jJ. ,uhZtj;jpd; gpujhd jsgjp n[duy; a`pah fhd; mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jhu;. ,th; 1971k; Mz;bd; filrpg;gFjpapy; 1969 khh;r;rpy; mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jJld; 1962 mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;j Ry;gpfhu; myp G+l;Nlh IA+g;fhdpd; murpayikg;ig ePf;fp kPz;Lk; mf;fhyj;jpy; ghfp];jhd; vjpu;Nehf;fpa r%f> ,uZtr; rl;lj;ij GFj;jpdhh;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfis rupahd top ehl;bd; gpur;rpidfs; NkhrkilaNt ehl;bid Kiwapy; jPu;j;J itg;gjw;F jtwptpl;ljd; Neub fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jhu;. ,q;F fhuzkhf cs;ehl;L gpur;rpidia vjpu; ,uhZt murhq;fk; r%f> nghUshjhu Nehf;fpa re;ju;g;gj;jpy; 1977 [{iy 5y; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; murpay; gpuptpidf;fhd mf;fhy gpujk ,uhZt jsgjpahd n[duy; fpof;Fg; ghfp];jhdpd; Nfhupf;iffSf;F rpahTy; `f;fpdhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;l Kfq;nfhLf;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ. a`;ah ,uhZtj;jpdhy; gjtp ftpo;f;fg;gl;l NghJ fhd; jdJ fdp\;l ,uhZt mjpfhupfspdhy; n[duy; rpahTy; `f; mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jhu;. gyte;jkhf ntspNaw;wg;gl te;jNghJk; vjph;f;fl;rpfs; G+l;Nlhitg; gjtpapypUe;J fpof;F ghfp];jhd; gpuptpid fhuzkhf mtu; mfw;wpaikf;fhf ,t;tpuhZt Ml;rpia gjtp ePf;fg;gl;l NghJk; a`;ahf;fhdpd; tuNtw;wd. ntsptptfhu mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jtUk; Njrpa mrk;gpspapy; mjpfkhd Mrdq;fisf; ghfp];jhdpd; rptpy; murpay; nfhz;bUe;jtUkhd Ry;gpfhu; myp G+l;Nlh Ml;rpahsh;fisg; (34 tUlq;fs;) gpd;tUk; mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jhu;. nghJthf ,uhZt ml;ltiz njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. Ml;rp %yk; Gjpa muRfspy; Vw;gLk; Njrg;gpuptpid> ,d> kj> nkhop uPjpahd rptpy; murpay; Ml;rp Ml;rpahsh;fs; gjtpf;fhyk; ypahfj; mypfhd; 14 Xf];l; 1947 – 16 xf;Nlhgh; 1951 (5 tUlq;fs;) fth[h erpKBd; 17 xf;Nlhgh; 1951 – 17 Vg;upy; 1953 (3 tUlq;fs;) Kfk;kl; myp Nghf;uh 17 Vg;upy; 1953 - 12 Xf];l; 1955 (3 tUlq;fs;) rTj;up Kfk;kl; myp 17 Xf];l; 1955 – 12 nrg;lk;gh;; 1956 (2 tUlq;fs;) `{i]d; rfPl; Ruth;j;jp 12 nrg;lk;gh; 1956 – 17 xf;Nlhgh; 1957 (2 tUlq;fs;) ,g;uhfpk; ,];khapy; rj;Jupf;fh; 17 xf;Nlhgh; 1957 – 16 brk;gh;; 1957 (3 khjq;fs;) ngNuh];fhd;E}d; 16 brk;gh;; 1957 – 7 xf;Nlhgh; 1958 (2 tUlq;fs;) Ry;gpfhh;myp G+l;Nlh 14 Xf];l; 1973 – 5 [_iy 1977 (5 tUlq;fs;) Fyhk; K];jgh [hnjha; 6 Xf];l; 1990 – 6 etk;gh; 1990 (1tUlk;) KapBd; mfkl; Fiw\p 18 [_iy 1993 – 19 xf;Nlhgh; 1993 (1 tUlk;) Page | 67 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Ngdhrph; G+l;Nlh 19 xf;Nlhgh; 1993 – 5 etk;gh; 1996 (4 tUlq;fs;) khypf; kpuh[; fhypj; 5 etk;gh; 1996 - 17 ngg;utup 1997 (2 tUlq;fs;) eth\; n\uPg; 17 ngg;utup 1997 – 12 xf;Nlhgh; 1999 (3 tUlq;fs;) A+Rg; u]h fpyhdp 25 khh;r; 2008 – 19 [_d; 2012 (5 tUlq;fs;) u[h gh;Nt\; m\;ug; 22 [_d; 2012 ,ypUe;J rpahTy; `f;fpd; Neubahd ,uhZt tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf mth;fSila Ml;rpahdJ 1977 [_iy -1985 brk;gh; tiu ghh;itia cUthf;fpdh;. ePz;l fhykhf ghfp];jhdpy; epytpaJ. ,tUila ml;rpahdJ Nkw;F ehLfshy; gpd;dh; gpujkh;fshd ngdh]Ph; G+l;Nlh kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghf mkupf;fhthy; ngupJk; eth]; n\Pg; Nghd;Nwhiu KiwNa 1990> Mjutspf;fg;gl;lJ. fhuzk; mg;NghJ epytpa 1993,y; [dhjpgjpahd Fyhk; ,];`hf;fhd; Nrhtpaj;Jf;F vjpuhd Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fpdhh;. ,t;thNw njhlh;e;J ,];yhkpa tiuaiwfshyhFk;. mNjNghy gh;Nt\; K\h;ug;gpd; ,uhZt Ml;rp 2008 ,tUila Ml;rpahdJ epiyahd ,uhZt tiu ghfp];jhdpy; njhlh;e;jJ. Ml;rpiag; gyg;gLj;JKfkhf rh;tNjr uPjpapy; epjp kw;Wk; ,uh[je;jpu Mjuitg; jw;Nghija ghfp];jhdpd; ,Wjp ,uhZt ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. ,tUila Ml;rpahdJ Ml;rpahsuhf gh;Nt\; K\h;ug; kPz;Lk; ,];yhkpa jPtputhjj;ijAk; (extremism) ghfp];jhdpy; ,uhZt Ml;rpia ,uhZtj;ijAk; Cf;Ftpj;jJld; r%f Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. ,th; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpa fyhrhu gd;ikj;Jtk;> gq;Fgw;wy; epWtdk;> tpjkhdJ vt;tpj td;Kiw topfisAk; nraw;ghL Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd vjph;ghh;g;Gfis gad;gLj;jhky; kpff; FWfpa tPo;r;rpailar; nra;jJ. NkYk; ,tUla Neuj;jpw;Fs;NsNa Ml;rpahsuhdhh;. Ml;rpapy; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F mjpfhuj;ij Ml;rpiag; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lTld; tp];jupg;gjw;fhd Kf;fpakhd khw;wj;ij murpay; fl;rpfs; kPjhd jilfis Vw;gLj;jp 1985,y; nfhz;L te;jhh;. [dehafk; vd;w mk;rj;Jf;F vjpuhf ghfp];jhdpd; myp G+l;Nlh jhd; KjyhtJk; nraw;gl;lhh;. mj;Jld; Kd;dhs; murpay; jdpj;JtkhdJkhd [dehaf uPjpahf njupT jiyth;fSk; jiykiwthf tho Ntz;b nra;ag;gl;l murhq;f jiytuhf ,jd; Muk;g Vw;gl;lJ. NkYk; Muk;gj;jpy; jPtpu K];ypk; fhy murpay; tuyhw;wpy; fhzg;gl;lhu;. gFjpapdUf;F MjuTf; fuj;ij ePl;bapUe;jhh; ngUksT ,uhZt cjtpAld; Ml;rp (Fowsar, 2014). gpd;ehl;fspy; Nkw;FyFld; elhj;jpa rpahTy; `f; 1988y; tpkhd gaq;futhjj;Jf;F vjpuhd eltbf;iffspy; tpgj;jpy; nfhiyAz;lJld; ghfp];jhdpy; ifNfhh;j;Jf; nfhz;ljd; %yk; Nkw;Fyfpd; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhd ntw;wplj;ij epug;g Ntz;ba ez;gdhf jk;ik milahsg;gLj;jpf; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nfhz;lhh;. vdpDk; ,tUila Ml;rpapd; eilg;ngw;w nghJj; Nju;jy; xd;wpy; fhyk; gpw;gFjpapy; ePjpj;Jiw kPjhd jiyaPL> nrd;w Ry;gPfhu; myp G+l;Nlhtpd; Gj;jpupahd Nkw;Fldhd cwT Nghd;w gy tpkh;rdq;fis ngdhrpu; G+l;Nlh Gjpa ghfp];jhdpy; kf;fs; vjph;nfhz;lJld; neUf;fbfSf;Fk; jiytuhf gjtpNaw;f te;j NghJ [dehaf cl;gl;lhh. ,jd; gpd;dh; jhkhfNt 2008,y; epWtdq;fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ghfp];jhd; gjtp tpyfpdhh;. Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jJ (Molla, ,t;thW ghfp];jhdpd; murpaypy; Rkhh; 36 1995). vdpDk; rpahtpw;Fg; gpd;duhd tUlq;fs; ,uhZt Ml;rp IA+g;fhd;> fhyg;gFjpapy; rptpypad; murhq;fk; a`;ahfhd>; rpahTy; `f;> kw;Wk; K\h;ug; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJk; cah; ,uhZt jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. mjidg; mjpfhupfshy; murhq;fj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz %yk; mwpe;J fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;lJld; murpay; ghJfhg;G nfhs;syhk;. ,uhZt Ml;rp ,uhZt Ml;rpahsh; gjtpf;fhyk; IA+g;fhd; 27 xf;Nlhgh; 1958 – 25 khh;r; 1969 (12 tUlq;fs;) a`;ahfhd; 25 khh;r; 1969 – 20 brk;gh; 1971 (3 tUlq;fs;) rpahTy; `f; 16 nrg;lk;gh; 1978 – 17 Xf];l; 1988 (11 tUlq;fs;) gh;Nt\; K\h;ug; 12 xf;Nlhgh; 1999 – 2008 (10 tUlq;fs;) Page | 68 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka ghfp];jhdpy; ,uhZt Ml;rpf;fhd re;jpf;f tpUk;ghky; ,uhZt gilj; jsgjp fhuzq;fs; IA+g;fhid kl;LNk mtu;fs; re;jpf;f Rje;jpuk; mile;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpUk;gpapUe;jdu;. %d;whk; cyf murpapypy; ,uhZtkhdJ kj;jpa gq;fpid tfpj;J te;jJ. me;j ghfp];jhDila murpay; nghUshjhuKk; tifapy; %d;whk; cyf ehlhd mjd; ,uhZt Ml;rpf;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ. ghfp];jhdpYk; ,uhZt jiyaPL njhlu;e;Jk; ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpupe;j ,Ue;J te;Js;sjid ehk;; fz;L nfhs;s ghfp];jhdpy; K];ypk;fis KbAk;. Vd; ,t;thW ghfp];jhdpy; ,uhZtk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; mikg;ghf ,q;F murpaypy; jiyaPL nra;fpd;wJ vd;gjid K];ypk; yPf; fhzg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; K];ypk; Muha;Nthkhdhy; gy;NtWgl;l fhuzq;fis yPf; vd;gJ cz;ikapy; murpay; uPjpahf milahsk; fhzyhk;. mjpfhuk; kpf;f epy clikahsu;fshd cau; ghfp];jhd; cUthd Muk;g fhyj;jpy; Fohkpdhy; kl;LNk ,Ue;Nj mJ ntspthupahd gaKWj;jy;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. Muk;g vjpu;Nehf;fpNa te;Js;sJ. nghJthf xU ehL fhyj;jpy; ghfp];jhdpy; nghUshjhuk; epyg; ntspthupahd mr;RWj;jy;fis vjpu; gpuGf;fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F cl;gl;L Nehf;Fkhdhy; me;ehl;bd; ,uhZtkhdJ fhzg;gl;lJ. nghUshjhu uPjpahf Mjpf;fk; kj;jpakhd gq;fpid jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; ngw;W fhzg;gl;l ,f;FOf;fs; murpay; mjw;F epahakhd fhuzq;fis toq;fp uPjpahfTk; mjpfhuk; kpf;ftu;fshf tUfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ghfp];jhd; MdJ tpsq;fpdu;. ,jdhy; fpuhkg;Gw kf;fSila ntspthupahd mr;RWj;jy;fis vjpu; gq;fspg;G r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; nfhs;tjw;fhf Central Treaty Organization eltbf;iffspy; ngUksT ngw;Wf; (CTO) South East Asian Treaty Organization nfhz;bUf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; vd;gtw;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf murpaypy; %yk; Ner ehLfspy; ghJfhg;ig ngw;Wf; kf;fspd; rfhg;jk; my;yJ ntFrd mikg;G nfhz;lJld; Nkw;F ehLfspd; nry;thf;F xd;W mq;F Muk;gj;jpy; tsu;e;jjpdhy; ,q;F CLUTtjw;F fhuzkhfpaJ. gpujpepjpj;Jt [dehafk; Njhy;tp fz;lJ mnkupf;fh Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F jPu;khdk; my;yJ ,uhZt Ml;rp Njhw;wk; ngw vLg;gtu;fs; ghfp];jhd; Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F toptFj;jJ. ,uhZt cjtpia toq;Ftjd; %yk; NkYk; ghfp];jhDila gzpf;FOtpd; mjhtJ ,r;rpwpa ehLfspy; ,uhZtk; tsu;r;rpahdJ ghfp];jhdpd; ,uhZt Kjd;ikahd ,lj;ijg; ngw;Wf; Ml;rpf;F Xu; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. 1948y; Kfk;kl; nfhs;Stjd; %yk; Vw;fdNt nry;thf;Fg; myp [pd;dhtpd; kuzj;Jld; K];ypk; ngw;w kj uPjpahd murpay; fl;rpapidg; yPf;fpdJ Kuz;ghLfs; ntspj;Njhd;wyhapd. ghu;f;fpDk; ,uhZtk; Kidg;ghd NtWgl;l ,dq;fs; jkJ cupikfSf;fhf nry;thf;fpidr; nrYj;jf; $bajhf Nghuplj; Jtq;fpd. tq;fhspau;fs;> ,Ue;jjdhy; ghfp];jhdpy; kl;Lkd;wp gQ;rhgpau;fs; Vida ,df; FOf;fs; ngUk;ghyhd Mrpa ehLfspYk; murpay; mjhtJ rpe;J ghfp];jhd; KjyhNdhu; ,e;j Kwptila fhuzkhfpaJ. ,dq;fspilNa ,d> nkhop> fyhrhu ghfp];jhDila ,uhZt mikg;G gw;wp Kuz;ghLfs; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;ld. mnkupf;f mwpQu; FO Fwpg;gpLifapy; Muk;gj;jpy; efu kj;jpa tu;f;f ,uhZt mjpfhupfspd; gilg;gpupTfs; vd;gJ FbNaw;wthrpfspdhYk; gpd;du; epy fk;A+dpr murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; mjd; cilikahsu;fshYk; Mjpf;fk; nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rpf;F vjpuhfTk; nrYj;jg;gl;l K];ypk; yPf;fpdhy; Njrpa mikf;fg;gl;l Xu; mikg;ghFk; vd;wdu;. xUikg;ghl;bid epiy epWj;j Kbatpy;iy. NkYk; %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; ,f;fhuzq;fs; ghfp];jhdpy; Kjd;ik ngw;w my;yJmgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspy; gzpf;FO ,uhZt rpy;Nyhuhl;rpf;F ,l;Lr; ,uhZtj;jpd; jiyaPL vd;gJ Xu; murpay; nrd;wJ. gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid ,tu;fs; ghfp];jhdpd; [dhehafj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;Lk; cs;sdu;. NkYk; fl;bnaOg;gf;$ba murpay; jiyikj;Jtk; Nkw;fj;ija ehl;L murpay; jiytu;fs; fhzg;glhik mjd; [dehaf murpay; ghfp];jhdpd; murpay; jiytu;fSld; mopTf;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ. Kfk;kl; myp Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;Jtij tpl ,uhZt [pd;dhtpdJk; ypahfj; mypfhdpdJk; mjpfhupfSld; re;jpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tjidNa kiwTf;F gpd;du; ghfp];jhdpd; ghykhf mjpfk; tpUk;gpdu;. cjhuzkhf 1953 ehl;L kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf jd;id njhlf;fk; 1957 tiuahd fhy fl;lj;jpy; mu;g;gzpf;ff; $ba jiyikj;Jtk; xd;W ,uhZt Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfspy; mnkupf;fh ghfp];jhdpd; [dehafj;ij fl;bnaOg;g fye;J nfhs;s te;j NghJ mtu;fs; Njitahf ,Ue;j NghJk; mj;jifa mg;Nghija MSdu; Fyhk; Kfk;kJit Page | 69 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka jiyikj;Jtk; mq;F cUthftpy;iy. jdp etPdj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;l mikg;ghf Fwpg;ghf kdpj jiyikj;Jtk; xd;Wf;F Gwk;ghf gapw;rp> xOq;fikg;G> jpwikahd epu;thfk;> murpay; fl;rp kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J etPd Njitf;F Vw;g etPd MAjq;fis vOr;rpaile;j ntFrd muR xd;wpd; ,af;Fk; jpwik Nghd;w fhuzpfshy; mJ %ykhfTk; [dehafk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl r%fj;ij tpl Kd;Ndwpa mikg;ghfNt tpy;iy. mjhtJ Nkw;F Njr ehLfspd; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; ek; rf ehLfspy; jd;ikia xj;jjhf ,q;F murpay; fl;rpfs; Fwpg;ghf ghfp];jhdpy; mJ xU Rje;jpu kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;jp ehlhf cUthf te;j NghJ vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,Uf;ftpy;iy. khwhf %d;whk; cyf gpur;rpidfshd mfjpfs;> ,e;jpahTld; ehLfspw;Nf cupj;jhd Xu; rpwg;gk;rk; trPfu nfhz;Ls;s vy;iyg; gpur;rpid> ehl;il jiyikj;Jtk; (Charismatic leadership) etPdg;gLj;Jk; gpur;rpid> nghUshjhug; ghfp];jhdpYk; nry;thf;F nrYj;jp ,Ue;jJ. gpur;rpid vd;gdtw;iw jPu;j;J itg;gjpy; me;j tifapy; ghfp];jhdpy; Muk;gj;jpy; ,uhZtj;jpd; gq;fspg;Ng mq;F $basT fhzg;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; jdp kdpjid vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; ,uhZtkhdJ ikag;gLj;jpNa fl;lg;gl;bUe;jd. Muk;gj;jpy; Muk;gj;jpy; rptpy; Nrit eltbf;iffspYk; fhzg;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; ahTk; jdp <Lgl te;jjdhy; rKfj;jpw;Fk; kdpj MSikia ikak; nfhz;Nl ,uhZtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; 1971k; Mz;L tiu mikf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. ghfp];jhdpy; myp Xu; ,zf;fkhd njhlu;Ng epytp te;jjdhy; [pd;dhTila kuzj;Jld; jpwikaw;w ,uhZt Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf my;yJ ,uhZtk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpdhy; ehL vjpu; Nehf;fpa murpaypy; jiyapl te;j NghJ mjid gpur;rpidfisAk; Gjpa rthy;fisAk; cupa kf;fs; vjpu;f;ftpy;iy vd;gjidf; fz;L Kiwapy; jPu;f;f Kbatpy;iy. Kf;fpakhf nfhs;s KbAk;. Njrpa Nehf;f mbg;gilapy; jiyikj;Jtk; tfpj;jtu;fspdhy; rpe;jpf;f Kbatpy;iy. mj;Jld; ghfp];jhd; Rje;jpuk; mile;jJ ,jidtpl gpujpepjpj;Jt Ml;rpapid Kjy; ,d;W tiu mJ ,e;jpahTld; epWTtjpy; ghfp];jhd; ngUk; gpur;rpidfis Kuz;gl;l epiyia vjpu; Nehf;FtJld; vjpu;Nehf;fpaJ. gpujpepjpj;Jt [dehafj;jpw;F mjd; ,iwikahdJ cs; kw;Wk; mtrpakhd rKf Njitfs; mq;F ntspthupahd mr;RWj;jy;fSf;Fk; Kfk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. kf;fis xd;WgLj;jf;$ba nfhLf;f Neupl;lJ. ,jdhy; mq;F ghJfhg;G murpay; ,af;fq;fNsh ke;jpup rig Ml;rp vd;gJ vg;NghJk; murpay; gpur;rpidahfNt Kiwf;F gapw;wg;gl;l jiytu;fNsh ,q;F njhlu;e;Jk; ,Ue;J te;jjdhy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; ghfp];jhidg; ,g;gpur;rpidf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f murpaypy; nghWj;jtiu murpay; fl;rpfs;> murpay; ,uhZtj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gk; MNyhridAk; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gdtw;iw fl;bnaOg;g Njitg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tUlhe;j nkhj;j Ntz;ba Njit ,Ue;jJ. 1930 njhlf;fk; Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 25-30% khdit 1940 tiu eil ngw;w nghJ Nju;jy; %yNk ,uhZtj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;lJld; xg;gl P ;L 1957 tiu murhq;f jiyikj;Jtk; uPjpapy; (,e;jpahTld;) mjd; ,uhZt gil eph;tfpf;fg;gl;lJ. fhuzk; 1948 njhlf;fk; gykhdJ 1/3 vd;w tpfpjj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;l 1957 tiu mq;F nghJj; Nju;jy; epiyikAk; mjid murpaypy; jiyaPL eilngwtpy;iy. ,jdhy; jhd; Roherthentry, nra;af; $ba epWtdkhf khw;wptpl;lJ. 1930 njhlf;fk; 1940 tiu eilngw;w Nju;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa nghJ murpaypy; mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;;l kf;fSf;Fk; epu;thf rigf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,uhZtj;jpdu; jhk; njhlu;e;Jk; murpaypy; njhlu;G ,Ue;jJ vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. epiyj;jpUg;gjw;fhf ,uhZtj;jpw;F rfy ghfp];jhdpy; murpay; mDgtk; tplaq;fspYk; $ba Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;ftu;fshf fhzg;gl;l MSdu;fs; nfhLj;jdu;. Fwpg;ghf 1977y; gjtpf;F te;j [dhjpgjpfs; $l fl;rp murpaypy; fye;J rpahTy; `f; murpay; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; nfhs;s tpUk;ghj epiy fhzg;gl;lik epu;thfk; vd;gtw;wpy; gy rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fis ,e;epiyikapid NkYk; Nkhrkhf;fpaJ. nfhz;L te;jhu;. ,r;rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fspy; ghfp];jhdpd; murpay; mopTf;F fhuzk; ,uhZtj;jpw;F $ba Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fl;rpfSk; jiytu;fSk; nghWg;Gzr;rp ,d;wp nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,uhZtj;jpy; Nru;e;J ele;jikNa vd fuhr;rp gy;fiyf;fof Jiz nfhz;l ,uhZt tPuu;fspw;F ,ytrkhf Nte;ju; I.H.Qureshi vd;gtu; $Wfpd;whu;. fhzpfs; toq;fg;gl;lJld; nrhe;jkhf tPLfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; NkYk;> Gjpjhf Rje;jpuk; mile;j ehLfspd; mikr;ruitapy; ,uhZtj;jpdUk; Nru;j;Jf; rKf tsu;r;rpahdJ gpd; jq;fp nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; ,uh[je;jpu J}Jtu;fshf fhzg;gl;lJld; mq;F murpay; mgptpUj;jp Xa;T ngw;w ,uhZtj;jpdu; Nritapy; epiyAk; Muk;g epiyapNy fhzg;gl;lJ. mku;j;jg;gl;ldu;. ,Nj Nghy; Kf;fpakhd Mdhy;> xg;gl P ;L uPjpapy; ,uhZtkhdJ cjtpfs; ,uhZtj;jpdhy; epug;gg;gl;lJ. fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpahsu;fshy; Rkhu; 50 tPjkhd murhq;f gjtpfs; ,uhZtj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; Page | 70 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka ,uhZtk; ed;F ftdpf;fg;gl;lJld; ,uhZt ve;jnthU kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l Ml;rp njhlu;e;jpUf;f ghJfhg;G toq;fpdu;. gpujkUk; jkJ gjtp fhyj;ij G+u;j;jp nra;a Kbahj epiy ghfp];jhdpa murpaypy; rjpg; Gul;rp %yk; gjtpf;F te;j rpah`{y; Kf;fpa gz;G vd tu;zpj;jhu;. `f; kf;fsplk; murpay; mjpfhuk; tpiutpy; xg;gilf;fg;gLk; vd;W ngha;ahd thf;FWjp kPz;Lk;; 1993y; nghJj; Nju;jy; eilngw;W toq;fp [dehaf Nju;jy; eilngWtjid ghfp];jhdpa kf;fs; fl;rp (PPP) ntw;wp xj;jp itj;Nj te;jhu;. mj;Jld; kf;fSila ngw;W mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jJ. MdhYk; MjuitAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Nkhrkhd nghUshjhu> epu;thfk;> Coy;> ,];yhj;ij mur kjkhf rl;lk; xOq;F rPu;FiyT> ePjpj;Jiw kPjhd gpufldg;gLj;jpaJld; mjw;F kf;fs; myl;rpak; Mfpa fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b Mjuitg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ru;trd ngdhrPupd; murhq;fk; [dhjpgjp nyfhupapdhy; thf;nfLg;ig elhj;jp (1982) mjpy; ntw;wp fiyf;fg;gl;lJ. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ngw;whu;. NkYk; nghJj; Nju;jy; xd;iw ghfp];jhd; 3 nghJj; Nju;jy;fis re;jpj;J elhj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;jJld; mg;nghJj; tpl;lJ. kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l 3 Nju;jypy; vjpu;f;fl;rpfs; gq;Fgw;whky; gpujku;fs; te;J Ngha;tpl;ldu;. vd;whYk; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; jiltpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;nghJj; mq;F ,d;Dk; [dehafk; jLkhwpf; nfhz;Nl Nju;jypy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l kf;fs; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpd; fle;j gpujpepjpfs; rpahTy; `f;if [dhjpgjpahf Rkhu; 50 Mz;Lfspy; 24 Mz;Lfs; khj;jpuNk njupT nra;jhu;fs;. ghfp];jhdpy; kf;fshl;rp ele;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,tu; [dhjpgjpahf njupT nra;ag;gl;lTld; kf;fshy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l murhq;fkhf murpayikg;igj; jpUj;jp murpayikg;G ,Ue;jhYk; jd; tpUg;gg;gb mjidf; fiyf;f thapyhf [dhjpgjpf;F $ba mjpfhuk; [dhjpgjpf;F cupik cz;L vd;W md;W ,Uf;ff; $bathW mJ khw;wg;gl;lJ. mjw;F rpahTy; `f;fpd; murpay; jpUj;jr;rl;lk; Kjy; [dhjpgjpahdtu; ngausT Vw;gLj;jpa epiyapNy ,d;iwa ru;r;ir. epu;thfpahfNt njhopw;gl;lhu;. fhyk; nrd;w> vd;whYk; ngdhrPupd; murhq;fk; cldbahf rpahTy; `f;fpdhy; jpUj;jg;gl;l ,t;turpay; fiyf;fg;gl;ljw;F gpujhd fhuzpahf mikg;G rl;lk; kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l mike;jJ ,uhZt jsgjp xUtiu ghuhSkd;wj;ij mjdJ MAl;fhyk; epakpg;gjpy; [dhgjpf;Fk; gpujkupw;Fk; Kbtjw;F Kd;G ghfp];jhdpa ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l ghupa fUj;J Kuz;ghL [dhjpgjpfspy; gyKiw gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;L jhd; ,tw;wpw;F gpd;dzpahf ,Ue;jjhf FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs;Ns ghuhSkd;wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. fiyf;fg;gLk; jd;ikf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wjid mz;ikf;fhyk; tiu ,lk; ngw;w ngg;utup 1997y; eilngw;w kw;WnkhU nghJj; ghfp];jhdpa murpay; neUf;fbf;F mJNt Nju;jypy; kPz;Lk; ghfp];jhdpd; K];ypk; yPf; gpujhd fhuzpahf ,Ue;jjidAk; njspthf ethg; ruPgpd; jiyikapd; fPo; Fiwe;j kf;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. gq;fspg;Gld; kfj;jhd ntw;wpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. 217 ghuhSkd;w Mrdq;fspy; 134 rpahTy; `f; ,we;jjd; gpw;ghL 1988y; nghJ Mrdq;fis ,f;fl;rp ifg;gw;wpf; Nju;jy; xd;W eilg;ngw;wjd; %yk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;lJld; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mWjpg; mq;F [dehaf epWtdq;fs; jiynaLf;f ngUk;ghd;ik ngw;w fl;rpahfTk; jpfo;e;jJ. Muk;gpj;j NghJ fhyk; nrd;w Ry;gpfhu; myp ,tUila ghuhSkd;w gyk; jfu;f;f G+l;Nlhtpd; kfs; ngdhrpu; G+l;Nlh Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,tu; mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jhu;. vd;w NghJk; mj;njupT ,uhZtj;JlDk; [dhjpgjpAlDk; nra;ag;gl;l ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; MAl; fhyk; njhlu;GfisAk; rkurj;ijAk; itj;Jf; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;Ng murpayikg;gpd; 8k; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gl;lhu;. mj;jpahaj;ij mjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;jp rpy mtjhdpfspd; fUj;J gb ethg; ruPgpd; mg;Nghija [dhjpgjp ghuhSkd;wj;ij ehL jOtpa kfj;jhd ntw;wpahdJ 1990y; fiyj;jhu;. ,jw;F gpd;du; ,lk;ngw;w [dhjpgjpahd nyfhup gpujkiu xU nghk;ik nghJj; Nju;jy;fspy; ghfp];jhDila Nghy; khw;wpaikg;gjw;F rhj;jpakw;W K];ypk; yPf; ehthg; ruPgpd; jiyikapd; fPo; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ntw;wp ngw;wJ. vd;whYk; kPz;Lk; FWfpa MdhYk; [dhjpgjp nyfhupapdhy; 1996 fhyj;Jf;Fs; ghuhSkd;wk; fiyf;fg;gl;lJ. brk;gupy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Njrpa ghJfhg;G ,q;F [dhjpgjpf;Fk; gpujku; ethg; ruPgpw;Fk; rig (National Security Council) ,ilapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; ,f;fhyj;jpy; [dhjpgjpf;Fk; ,uhZtj;jpw;Fk; Njitahd fhzg;gl;l NghJ ,uhZtj;jpd; ce;J rf;jpia toq;Fk; vd;W jiyaPl;bdhy; my;yJ ,uhZtj;jpd; vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ. vd;dthf ,Ue;j tw;GWj;jypdhy; gpujku; jdJ gjtpia NghjpYk; ghfp];jhdpa murpay; #o;epiyapy; ,uh[dhkh nra;a Vw;gl;lJ. ,J gw;wp Dr. ,uhZtkhdJ njhlu;e;Jk; jkJ gq;fspg;ig Amunugamu fUj;J ntspapLk; NghJ toq;fp tUk; vd vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Page | 71 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka ,jw;F fhuzk; Nju;jy; fhyj;jpy; ethg; ruPg; tpUk;Gfpd;wdu; vd;gij fhl;bajhf ,uhZt ,e;jpahTld; el;GwT Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W murpay; Kiw jw;NghJ mq;F khw;wj;jpw;F thf;FWjp toq;fpapUe;jhu;. ,e;j cl;gl;l NghJk; Kd;dhy; fhge;J murhq;f thf;FWjpia fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lkhdhy; gpujkke;jpup nkhapd; Fiwrp (Moeen kurishi) my;yJ epiwT nra;a Ntz;Lkhdhy; fUj;J ntspapLifapy; murpay; Nghf;fpd; mtUf;F ,uhZtj;jpd; MjuT rk;gpujha flik czu;tpy; njhlu;e;Jk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uhZtkhdJ rpy Kf;fpakhf gq;fpid tfpf;Fk; vd fUj;J ntspapl;Ls;shu;. filrpahf Kwptilaf; $ba epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; ghfp];jhdpa murpay; Kiwia vdNt ehk; ghfp];jhdpd; murpay; - fhg;ghw;w Ntz;ba nghWg;G jw;Nghija ,uhZtk; vd;gtw;iw Nehf;ftUk; NghJ gpujkupd; ifapNy fhhzg;gLfpd;wJ. me;j Rje;jpuk; mile;jJ Kjy; ,d;W tiu tifapy; MSk; fl;rpAk; vjpu;f;fl;rpAk; Xu; murpaypy; ,uhZtj;jpd; jiyaPL murpay; gpur;rpid rk;ge;jkhf ,zf;fj;jpw;F njhlu;e;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gjid njspthf te;jjpdhy; ru;r;irf;Fupa murpayikg;gpd; 8k; czu KbtJld; mJ vjpu;fhyj;jpYk; VNjh tpjp ePf;fg;gl;lJld; [dhjpgjpf;F xU tifapy; murpaypy; jiyapl tuyhk;. ghuhSkd;wj;ij fiyf;Fk; mjpfhuk; ,jd; vd;whYk; murpaypy; ,uhZtj;jpd; %yk; jil nra;ag;gl;lJld; kPz;Lk; Nkyhjpf;f epiy njhlUkh my;yJ epWj;jpf; ghuhSkd;w rhu;Gw;w epu;thf Kiwik nfhs;sg;gLkh vd;gjid vjpu;fhyk; gjpy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mz;ikapy; nrhy;yyhk; ele;j Nju;jy; kf;fs; khw;wj;ij fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; ghfp];jhdpy; [dehaf neUf;fbfs; gzpaftikg;G kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;jpd; ghfp];jhidg; nghWj;jtiu mq;F [dehaf Mjuit ,r;rptpy; murhq;fq;fs; ehLtjw;F kw;Wk; murpay; epWtdq;fis tpl VJtha; mike;jd. Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpahTldhd gzpaftikg;G> ,uhZtk; kw;Wk; mwpthh;ej ; f\;kPh; NkhjyhdJ ghfp];jhdpy; Kfth;fs; (intelligence service) vd;gd kpFe;j ,uhZtj;jpd; epiyia mgptpUj;jp mile;jpUe;jd. NkYk; 1947 Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJ. vy;yh ghfp];jhdpa ,ilf;fhy murpayikg;ghdJ rptpy; murhq;fq;fSk; ghJfhg;Gf;F gzpaftikg;G kw;Wk; vNjr;rjpfhu Ml;rpia Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fpaJld; Njrpa tuT gyg;gLj;jpaJ. nryTj; jpl;lj;jpYk; mjpfshtd gq;fpid xJf;fPL nra;jJ. NkYk; [pd;dhTf;Fg; gpd;duhd mjpfkhd Ml;rpahsh;fs; NjrpauPjpahf vd;gjw;Fg; ,t; mgptpUj;jpahdJ epWtd uPjpapyhd gjpyhf gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; cs;Sh; rkepiyapd;ikia Vw;gLj;jpaJld; rptpy; eyd;fisNa fUj;jpw; nfhz;ldh;. ,J xU murhq;fj;Jf;F jPikfisAk; vw;gLj;jpaJ. rfpg;Gj;jd;ikAld; $ba mZFKiwia ,jdhy; gzpaftikg;Gk; ,uhZtKk; Nehf;fp murpay; fl;rpfs; efh;tij nfhs;if cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; fbdkhf;fpaJ Kfhikj;Jtj;jpYk; Kf;fpa tfpghfj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;f te;eJ. mt;thNw mwpthh;ej ; K];ypk; yPf;fhdJ xU Rje;jpu ,af;fkhf Kfth;fspd; murpay; <LghlhdJ Rje;jpukhd ,Ue;jNj xopa muR kw;Wk; Njrj;ijf; rptpy; murpay; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd ,aYik kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfspd; tsh;r;rpiag; NghJkhd mikg;G vd;gtw;iwf; FiwthfNt gytPdg;gLj;jpaJ. nfhz;bUe;jJ. ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk; yPf; cWg;gpdh;fs; epykhdpa r%f my;yJ ,t;thNw ghfp];jhdpy; murpay; fl;rpfSk; miuFiw epykhdpag; gpd;dzpiaf; jkJ nraw;ghLfis tpidj;jpwdhd nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mth;fs; fl;rpiaf; Kiwap;y; Mw;Wtjw;F Kbahky; cs;sd. fl;bnaOg;GtJ vd;gijtpl mth;fsJ ,t;turpay; fl;rpFs;shfpd;wJ. mNjNghy jdpahd mjpfhu Nehf;if K];ypk; yPf;fhdJ Njrpa ,af;fk; vd;w Cf;fg;gLj;Jgth;fshfNt fhzg;gl;ldh;. epiyapypUe;J Njrpa fl;rpahf epiykhw;wk; Vida murpay; fl;rpfSk; ,Nj miltjpYk; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sJ. gpur;rpidiaf; nfhz;bUe;jJld; cs;sf ghfp];jhdpd; r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; Nkhjy;. xOf;fkpd;ik> Fiwthd ,af;fk; gpur;ridfis tpQ;Qhdg+h;t uPjpay; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ghfp];jhdpy; ifahsf;$ba gapw;wg;gl;l kdpj tsk; murpay; th;f;fk; vd;gJ ngupasthd epyr; kw;Wk; ngsjPf tsk; vd;gtw;iw ,f;fl;rpfs; nrhe;jf;fhuh;fisNa nfhz;bUe;jJ. FiwthfNt nfhz;Ls;sd. ghfp];jhdpd; rl;lj;Jiwapd; ,Ukd;Wfspd; nraw;ghLfSk; mt;thNw gzpaftikg;Gk; ,uhZtKk; kpfTk; fPo;epiyapNyNa cs;sd. Fwpg;gpl;l jq;fsJ njhopy;epiyia NgZtjpy; gpur;rpidia ghuhSkd;wpy; xU cWg;gpdh; fUj;jha; nraw;gl;ld. Rje;jpuk; ngw;w Muk;g Page | 72 “KALAM” Journal Vol. IX. (3), 2015 of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ mjd; nrayhshh; mq;F tplaq;fs; ghfp];jhdpy; [dehaf ,y;yhj epiyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. neUf;fbfisj; Jupjg;gLj;jpAs;sd. NkYk; ghfp];jhdpa murpay; KiwahdJ KbTiu ,];yhj;Jld; njhlh;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;f vdNt ghfp];jhd; mjdJ Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw mjpfkhd ghfp];jhdpah;fs; cUthf;fj;jpypUe;J gy;NtW rthy;fSf;F tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. mth;;fs; ,];yhj;ij Ml;rp Kfq;nfhLj;J tUtJld; [dehafkakhf;fk; Kiwgw;wpa topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ffpd;w vd;gJk; J}uj;jpNyNa cs;sJ. ,jw;F %ykhfNt fUJfpd;wdh;. mjpfkhd ghfp];jhdpd; murpay; epWtdq;fsJk; ,];yhkpa FOf;fs; ghfp];jhdpy; Nkw;F fl;rpfsJk; gytPdkhd epiyNa fhuzkhFk;. khjpupapyike;j [dehafj;ij epuhfupg;gJld; mt;tpilntspiag; g+h;j;jp nra;tjhf ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mjpfhuj;ijg; gzpafKk; ,uhZtKk; murpaypy; ngWtjw;fhd fUj;Jf;Nf Mjutspf;fpd;wdh;. <Lgl;ljd; tpisNt ghfp];jhdpy; ,uhZt mj;Jld; [dehaf epWtdq;fs; ,uhZt Ml;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lJ vdyhk;. mJNt xOq;fikg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ gytPdkhff; ghfp];jhdpd; [dehaf neUf;fbf;Fk; fhzg;gLfpd;w epiyikNa vw;gl;Ls;sJ. fhuzkhFk;. vdpDk; jw;NghJ Vw;gl;Ls;s NkYk; gaq;futhjk; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; rptpy; Ml;rpahdJ murpay; epWtdq;fis Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;lsthd vt;thW gyg;gLj;jg;Nghfpd;wJ vd;gijg; gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sJ. ,t;thwhd nghWj;Nj ghfp];jhdpd; [dehafk; epiyngWk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy REFERENCE: 1. Akmal, H. (1985). Pakisthan: The Crisis of the State, in Mohamed Asgher khan, (ed), Bajpai, H.C.Shukul (ed), Interpreting world Islam, Politics and the state. London: Zed politics. book. 8. Maniruzzaman, T. (1992). Military 2. Bahadur, K. (1984). Military and Politics in Dictatorship. In Mary Hawkesworth and Pakistan, in Urmila phadnis (ed), Domestic Maurice Kogan (ed), Encyclopedia of govt Conflict in South Asia: Vol.01 , New Delhi: politics, vol,01. South Asian Publisher. 9. Molla, M. (1995). The U.S Response to the 3. Bathia, B.M. (1986). Economic Disparitics Democratic Institution Buildings Process in in Pakisthan, in Urmila Phadnis (ed.) Bangladesh. Asian Thought and Socity: vol Domestic Conflicts in South Asia, New xx, no 58-59. Delhi: South Asian pub. 10. Panandiker, V.A.P. (ed.). (2000). Problems 4. Eugene Kim .C.I, Lawrenceziring. (1977). of Governance in South Asia. Konark An Introduction to Asian Politics. Prentice- Publishers Pvt Ltd. Hall. 11. Smith B.C (1996). Understanding Third 5. Finer, S.E. (1962). The Role of the Military World Politics. London: Macmillan Press in Politics. London: Pallmall press. Ltd. 6. Fowsar, M.A.M. (2014). Militarization in 12. The Sunday times (2.9.97) and for Eastern Politics of South Asia: Experiences of Economic Review Feb 13, 1997 Pakistan. Journal of Social Review, Vol 3, 13. Woddis, J. (1977). Armies and Politics. Issue 2. London: Lawrence and Wishart Pub. 7. Gupta, A. Democracy and Decentralization 14. tPuNfrup 22.12.1996 P-05 in A new south Asian Order, Kanti P. Page | 73