Right to development - Wikipedia
Jump to content
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Human right
This article
needs additional citations for
verification
Please help
improve this article
by
adding citations to reliable sources
. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources:
"Right to development"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
March 2021
Learn how and when to remove this message
The
right to development
is a
human right
that recognizes every human right for constant improvement of
well-being
. It was recognized by the
United Nations
as an international human right in 1986.
History
edit
The right to development was debated for decades prior to its adoption as an international human right by the UN in 1986.
: 58–59
Conceptual differences were impacted by Cold War political positions.
: 59
The right to development is now included in the mandate of several UN institutions and offices.
The UN's declaration was presaged by the 1974
Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order
and in 1977 by a resolution of the
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
The right to development was first recognized in 1981 in Article 22 of the
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
as a definitive individual and collective right. Article 22(122) provides that: "All peoples shall have the right to their economic, social and cultural development with due regard to their freedom and identity and in the equal enjoyment of the common heritage of mankind."
United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development
edit
The right to development was subsequently proclaimed by the
United Nations
in 1986 in the "Declaration on the Right to Development," which was adopted by the
United Nations General Assembly
resolution 41/128.
The vote took place on the 4th of December 1986. A total of 146 States voted for the resolution with 8 abstentions (Denmark, Finland, the Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).
The only state to vote against the declaration was the United States of America.
: 59
The text of the declaration was the result of significant compromises.
: 59
It contained ten short articles and ambiguous wording.
: 59
The Preamble of the Declaration on the Right to Development states "development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom."
The Rio Declaration
edit
The 1992
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
, also known as Rio Declaration or the G.R.E.G, recognizes the right to development as one of its 27 principles. Principle 3 of the Declaration states "The right to development" must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations."
The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
edit
The 1993
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
states in Article 10 "The
World Conference on Human Rights
reaffirms the "right to development", as established in the Declaration on the Right to Development, as a universal and inalienable right and an integral part of fundamental human rights.
As stated in the Declaration on the Right to Development, the human person is the central subject of development. While development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights. States should cooperate with each other in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development. The international community should promote an effective international cooperation for the realization of the right to development and the elimination of obstacles to development. Lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as equitable economic relations and a favorable economic environment at the international level."
China participated in the drafting of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, and its resolution on "the contribution of development to the enjoyment of all human rights" was adopted by the
UN Human Rights Council
: 59
Having opposed the right to development in the 1986 Declaration, the United States changed its position and supported the right in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.
: 59
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People
edit
The 2007
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
recognizes the right to development as an indigenous peoples' right. The declaration states in its preamble that the
General Assembly
is "Concerned that indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result of, inter alia, their colonization and dispossession of their lands, territories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising, in particular, their right to development in accordance with their own needs and interests."
Article 23 elaborates "Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their "right to development". In particular, indigenous peoples have the right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting them and, as far as possible, to administer such programmes through their own institutions."
Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
edit
The 2018
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and other people working in rural areas
also mentions the right to development, and in particular the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, in its
preamble
Definition
edit
The Right to development is fully recognized as a universal human right.
As recognized by article 1 of the 1986 Declaration, it is both a
group right
of peoples and an
individual right
. Article 1 states, "The right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized."
: 59–60
See also
edit
Development studies
Human rights and development
Three generations of human rights
Endorois case
– African Commission on Human and People's Rights ruling on the right to development
Further reading
edit
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, right to development
References
edit
Meng, Wenting (2024).
Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
. Ibidem.
Columbia University Press
ISBN
9783838219073
Umozurike, U. O. (1983).
"The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights"
The American Journal of International Law
77
(4):
902–
912.
doi
10.2307/2202548
ISSN
0002-9300
JSTOR
2202548
S2CID
153133087
Sengupta, Arjun (2002).
"On the Theory and Practice of the Right to Development"
Human Rights Quarterly
24
(4):
837–
889.
doi
10.1353/hrq.2002.0054
ISSN
0275-0392
JSTOR
20069637
S2CID
144506575
Sengupta, Arjun (2000).
"Realizing the Right to Development"
Development and Change
31
(3):
553–
578.
doi
10.1111/1467-7660.00167
ISSN
1467-7660
| page 49
Substantive
human rights
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
Civil and political
Equality before the law
Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
Freedom from discrimination
Freedom of information
Freedom of movement
Freedom of religion
Freedom from slavery
Freedom of speech
Freedom of thought
Freedom from torture
LGBTQ rights
Transgender rights
Liberty
Nationality
Personhood
Presumption of innocence
Access to justice
Right of asylum
Right to die
Right to a fair trial
Right to counsel
Right to family life
Right to keep and bear arms
Right to life
Right to petition
Right to privacy
Right to protest
Right to refuse medical treatment
Right to resist
Right of return
Right of self-defense
Right to truth
Security of person
Speedy trial
Suffrage
right to be a candidate
Right to homeland
Economic, social
and cultural
Digital rights
Equal pay for equal work
Fair remuneration
Labor rights
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to clothing
Right to development
Right to education
Right to food
Right to health
Right to a healthy environment
Right to housing
Right to Internet access
Right to property
Right to public participation
Right of reply
Right to rest and leisure
Right of return
Right to science and culture
Right to social security
Right to water
Right to work
Sexual
and
reproductive
Abortion
Family planning
Family rights
Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
Freedom from forced circumcision
Intersex human rights
LGBTQ rights
Sexual and reproductive health
Transgender rights
Retrieved from "
Categories
Rights
Economic development
Human rights
Hidden categories:
Articles with short description
Short description is different from Wikidata
Articles needing additional references from March 2021
All articles needing additional references
Right to development
Add topic