I. INTRODUCTION The aim of this review is to describe recent advances in the molecular and behavioral biology of corticotropin releasing factor type 1 (CRF 1 ) and type 2 (CRF 2 ) receptors. We will review current knowledge regarding CRF receptor ligands, CRF receptor subtypes, s…

The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is paid for by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). It aims to deliver health and care research in the UK, to improve people’s health and wellbeing. One way the NIHR does this is by providing the facilities ne…

Introduction Since the isolation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in 1981 ( Vale et al ., 1981 ), several other mammalian CRF-like peptides with potential roles in energy homeostasis have been identified, including urocortins 1, 2 and 3 (Ucn 1, Ucn 2 and Ucn 3). Two mammal…

Introduction The remarkable plasticity of adipose tissue was thought to exist for excess energy storage or for use in times of famine. It is now clear that adipose is not a passive tissue, but rather a complex milieu of multiple cell types that respond to and influence many physi…

Abstract Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic anxiety disorder initiated by an intensely threatening, traumatic event. There is a great need for more efficacious pharmacotherapy and preventive treatments for PTSD. In animals, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and…

Abstract Background Oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress is associated with depletion of tissue glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous intracellular antioxidant, but degradation of oral GSH …

Abstract Increased corticotroping releasing factor (CRF) contributes to brain circuit abnormalities associated with stress related disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder. However, the causal relationship between CRF hypersignaling and circuit abnormalities associated w…

INTRODUCTION The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is a cluster of noradrenergic neurons in the midbrain that is the predominant provider of norepinephrine (NE) to the forebrain ( Berridge and Waterhouse 2003 , Valentino and Van Bockstaele 2008 , Benarroch 2009 ). The LC-NE system is critical…

Abstract Post-weaning social isolation of rodents is used to model developmental stressors linked to neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia as well as anxiety and mood disorders. Isolation rearing produces alterations in emotional memory and hippocampal neuropathology…

Chancellor's Research Fellowship | Center for Undergraduate Research and Engaged Learning Chancellor's Research Fellowship The UC Riverside Chancellor's Research Fellowship (CRF) is a highly competitive award designed to support undergraduate students engaged in faculty-mentored …

…ntity Recognition for Information Retrieval in the Archaeology Domain ALEX BRANDSEN, SUZAN VERBERNE, KARSTEN LAMBERS, and MILCO WANSLEEBEN, Leiden University The amount of archaeological literature is growing rapidly. Until recently, these data were only accessible through metada…

Abstract Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to healt…

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder associated with marked suffering, morbidity, mortality, and cost. The World Health Organization projects that by 2030, MDD will be the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. While numerous treatments fo…

Abstract The normal diurnal cortisol cycle has a peak in the morning, decreasing rapidly over the day, with low levels during the night, then rising rapidly again to the morning peak. A pattern of flatter daytime slopes has been associated with more rapid cancer progression in bo…

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC Journal of Psychiatric Research 40 (2006) 1–21 RESEARCH www.elsevier.com/locate/jpsychires Review Posttraumatic stress disorder: A state-of-the-science review Charles B. Nemeroff a,*, J. Douglas Bremner b, Edna B. Foa c, Helen S. Mayberg d, Carol S. North e,…