1200s–1669 trade confederation in Northern Europe The Hanseatic League , [ a ] commonly called The Hansa , was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe . Growing from Lübeck and a few other North German towns i…

1200s–1669 trade confederation in Northern Europe The Hanseatic League , [ a ] commonly called The Hansa , was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe . Growing from Lübeck and a few other North German towns i…

Head of municipal government such as a town or city Not to be confused with Major . In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town . Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the …

Chapter 10: Religion and Dictatorship in Europe NOT FOR CIRCULATION CHAPTER 10 Religi on a nd Di ctatorshi p i n E u rope Richard Steigmann-​G all * The compatibility of religion and politics has been a constant question in European his- tory, all the more so since the French rev…

…and siblings, and then on his wife, mistress, and son, Rembrandt approaches his models as real people with natural poses and expressions, rather than as actors in fictional narra- tives or personifying social roles, and he reflects on his personal relation to them as painter-view…

…attic but no garage, and were heated with hot-water radiant heating pipes. Five models were offered that were effectively identical with differences in details such as exterior color and window placement. Again, demand was high, requiring that the purchasing process be streamline…

…ed by European rulers, includ­ ing the taris of Roger II, were based on Islamic models. But Roger's taris were crude imitations with illegible inscriptions. On the Iberian peninsula, the first gold coins minted by a Christian reflected a different level of familiarity with Arabic…