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Prevention and Control of Palmer Amaranth in Cotton
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), a member of the "pigweed" family, is one of the most troublesome weeds in many southern row crops. Seed can germinate all season and plants can grow to over 6 feet in height. Plants have either male flowers that shed pollen or female flowers that can produce up to 600,000 seed per plant. One Palmer amaranth per 30 foot of row can reduce cotton yield by 6 to 12%.
Sep 22, 2020
2805-1001 (SPES-266NP)
Wykle Greene
Michael Flessner
Vijay Singh
W. Hunter Frame
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Soybeans
Mar 20, 2020
2808-1006 (SPES-194NP)
Eric Scruggs
Michael Flessner
David Holshouser
Insect Pest Management in Virginia: Cotton, Peanut, and Soybean 2010
May 1, 2009
2812-1027
D. Ames Herbert
Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), A Potential Plant for the Cut Flower Market
Jan 17, 2019
2906-1312 (SPES-99)
Andy Hankins
Chris Mullins
Adding Cut Flowers May Increase Profits
Jan 17, 2019
2906-1331 (SPES-100NP)
Andy Hankins
Chris Mullins
Sell Cut Flowers from Perennial Summer-flowering Bulbs
Jan 25, 2019
2906-1370 (SPES-101NP)
Andy Hankins
Chris Mullins
The Organic Way - Plant Families
Aug 17, 2009
2906-1393
Elsa Sanchez
Tools to More Efficiently Manage In-Season Corn Nitrogen Needs
Tools to More Efficiently Manage In-Season Corn Nitrogen Needs
(PDF)
Nov 16, 2018
2909-1410 (SPES-80NP)
Brian P. Jones
Pop-up and/or Starter Fertilizers for Corn
Nov 16, 2018
3002-1438 (SPES-77NP)
Mark M. Alley
Scott Reiter
Mark Reiter
Wade E. Thomason
Effects of Twin-Row Spacing on Corn Silage Growth Development and Yield in the Shenandoah Valley
Nov 16, 2018
3003-1440 (SPES-79NP)
Brian P. Jones
Balsam Woolly Adelgid
Balsam Woolly Adelgid
(PDF)
Native to central Europe, the balsam woolly adelgid is now distributed throughout eastern and western North America. It attacks all true firs, Abies spp., including balsam and Fraser fir.
Mar 1, 2021
3006-1452 (ENTO-434NP)
Scott Salom
T.A. Dellinger
Eric R. Day
Virginia No-Till Fact Sheet Series Number Two: Nitrogen Fertilizer Injection in No-Till Systems
Liquid nitrogen fertilizers have typically been surface applied. This method of
application places the fertilizer where the urea nitrogen component of the solution is
susceptible to volatilization losses.
Sep 22, 2020
3011-1516 (SPES-265NP)
Timothy Woodward
Mark M. Alley
Wade E. Thomason
Virginia No-Till Fact Sheet Series Number Three: Manure Injection
Aug 30, 2019
3011-1517
Rory Maguire
Timothy Woodward
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Fungicides in 2009
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Fungicides in 2009
(PDF)
Dec 21, 2010
3012-1520
Patrick M. Phipps
Erik L. Stromberg
Steve Rideout
David Holshouser
Robert Pitman
Taylor Clarke
Watson Lawrence
David Moore
Keith Balderson
Sap Beetles
Sap Beetles
(PDF)
Adults are usually black or brown beetles with an oval to oblong shape. They have
clubbed or knobbed antennae and the economically important species typically measure
3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 inch) long. Some sap beetles have short wing covers that do not
cover the entire abdomen. Some species have flattened bodies while others are more
convex. Many sap beetles are a dull color, sometimes with mottling or spots. One
common sap beetle, the picnic beetle [Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say)], is an
attractive shiny black beetle with four yellow-orange bands or spots on the wing
covers.
Mar 5, 2021
3104-1546 (ENTO-431NP)
Eric R. Day
T.A. Dellinger
Producing and Marketing Wild Simulated Ginseng in Forest and Agroforestry Systems
May 1, 2009
354-312
Andy Hankins
Virginia Virtual Farm to Table: Peanuts
4H-932-video
(HTML)
Learn a little bit about peanut history then take a visit to a Virginia peanut farm to see where and how peanuts are grown. After you see how peanuts are grown you will learn about incorporating peanuts into the diet and how to make a simple and healthful peanut soup recipe.
Nov 5, 2025
4H-932NP
Lenah Nguyen
Livvy Priesser
Kathryn Strong
Nitrogen Soil Testing For Corn in Virginia
Nitrogen Soil Testing for Corn in Virginia
(PDF)
Apr 6, 2023
418-016 (SPES-484P)
Rory Maguire
Greg Evanylo
Sapana Pokhrel
Potassium Fertilization of Cotton
May 1, 2009
418-025
A. Ozzie Abaye
Phosphorus, Agriculture & The Environment
Phosphorus, Agriculture & the Environment
(PDF)
their yield potential. Research has documented that applying fertilizer phosphorus increases crop growth and yields on soils that are naturally low in phosphorus and in soils that have been depleted through crop removal. Crop fertilization represents the greatest use of phosphorus in agriculture today.
Jun 4, 2024
424-029 (SPES-82NP)
Greg Mullins
Wade E. Thomason
Rory Maguire
Successful No-Tillage Corn Production
Successful No-Tillage Corn Production
(PDF)
No-tillage corn production has been practiced in Virginia for more than 35 years (Jones et al. 1968), yet many producers have not used no-tillage to its maximum advantage. This publication addresses where no-tillage corn can and should be adopted, and where no-tillage production needs to be modified to reduce production problems associated with continuous use.
Aug 7, 2024
424-030
Wade E. Thomason
Rod R. Youngman
Edward S. Hagood Jr.
Erik L. Stromberg
Mark M. Alley
Olga Walsh
Successful No-Tillage Corn Production
Successful No-Tillage Corn Production
(PDF)
Mar 20, 2019
424-030
Wade E. Thomason
Rod R. Youngman
Edward S. Hagood Jr.
Erik L. Stromberg
Mark M. Alley
Fertilizer Types and Calculating Application Rates
Fertilizer Types and Calculating Application Rates
(PDF)
Crop production has increased dramatically over the last few decades, much of which has been due to the widespread introduction of chemical fertilizers starting in the mid-1900s. Matching fertilizer application rates to crop needs is an essential component of optimizing crop production. However, different crops in separate fields will require varying rates of the major nutrients – nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), and potassium (potash, K2O) – due to variations in soil types, soil test phosphorus and potassium levels, and nutrient ranges of different crops.
Aug 6, 2024
424-035
Rory Maguire
Mark M. Alley
Webb Flowers
Tips for Profitable Variety Selection: How to Use Data From Different Types of Variety Trials
Tips for Proftable Variety Selection: How to Use Data From Diferent Types of Variety Trials
(PDF)
There are many, many factors that could cause either of these statements to be true: year-to-year weather variation, yield potential differences in and between fields, planting date differences, etc. (first published March 2019, last reviewed March 2024)
Mar 5, 2024
424-040
Wade E. Thomason
David Holshouser
Keith Balderson
David Moore
Eric Bowen
Glenn F. Chappell
Bobby Clark
Paul H. Davis
Watson Lawrence
Mike Parrish
Scott Reiter
Sam Johnson
Glenn Slade
Kelvin Wells
Matthew Yancey
Keith Burgess
Agronomy Handbook 2023
Agronomy Handbook 2023
(PDF)
Dec 11, 2023
424-100 (SPES-299P)
Daniel E. Brann
A. Ozzie Abaye
Paul Peterson
Kathryn Payne
J.H. Fike
Michael Goatley
Thomas Hardiman
David Chalmers
David Whitt
Glenn F. Chappell
D. Ames Herbert
Samuel G. McNeill
John M. Galbraith
James C. Baker
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Stephen J. Donohue
Wade E. Thomason
Mark Reiter
Rory Maguire
Steven Heckendorn
Greg Evanylo
Michael Flessner
Vijay Singh
Rakesh Chandran
Dwight Lingenfelter
Mark VanGessel
Kurt Vollmer
John Wallace
Gonzalo Ferreira
Christy L. Teets
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part I. Crop Descriptions
Part I. Crop Descriptions
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-A (SPES-299P-A)
Daniel E. Brann
A. Ozzie Abaye
Paul Peterson
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part II. Forage Crops
Part II. Forage Crops
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-B (SPES-299P-B)
Kathryn Payne
J.H. Fike
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part III. Turfgrass
Part III. Turfgrass
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-C (SPES-299P-C)
Michael Goatley
Thomas Hardiman
David Chalmers
David Whitt
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part IV. Seed Facts
Part IV. Seed Facts
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-D (SPES-299P-D)
Thomas Hardiman
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part V. Seeds and Stored Grains
Part V. Seeds and Stored Grains
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-E (SPES-299P-E)
Glenn F. Chappell
D. Ames Herbert
Samuel G. McNeill
Wade E. Thomason
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part VI. Soils of Virginia
Part VI. Soils of Virginia
(PDF)
Dec 15, 2023
424-100-F (SPES-299P-F)
John M. Galbraith
James C. Baker
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part VII. Soil Health Management
Part VII. Soil Health Management
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-G (SPES-299P-G)
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part VIII. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis
Part VIII. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-H (SPES-299P-H)
Stephen J. Donohue
Wade E. Thomason
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part X. Lime: Common Soil Additives To Raise Soil pH in Virginia
Part X. Lime: Common Soil Additives To Raise Soil pH in Virginia
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-J (SPES-299P-J)
Mark Reiter
Rory Maguire
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XI. Fertilizing With Manures
Part XI. Fertilizing With Manures
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-K (SPES-299P-K)
Rory Maguire
Steven Heckendorn
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XII. Land Application of Biosolids
Part XII. Land Application of Biosolids
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-L (SPES-299P-L)
Greg Evanylo
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XIII. Weeds and Weed Management
Part XIII. Weeds and Weed Management
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-M (SPES-299P-M)
Michael Flessner
Vijay Singh
Theirry Besançon
Rakesh Chandran
Dwight Lingenfelter
Mark VanGessel
Kurt Vollmer
John Wallace
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XIV. Nutritional Composition of Feeds
Part XIV. Nutritional Composition of Feeds
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-N (SPES-299P-N)
Gonzalo Ferreira
Christy L. Teets
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XV. Diagnostic Laboratory Services
Part XV. Diagnostic Laboratory Services
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-O (SPES-299P-O)
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XVI. Commonly Used Weights and Measures
Part XVI. Commonly Used Weights and Measures
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-P (SPES-299P-P)
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part XVII. Calibration of Sprayers
Part XVII. Calibration of Sprayers
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-Q (SPES-299P-Q)
Wade E. Thomason
Daniel E. Brann
Agronomy Handbook 2023: Part IX. Conversion Factors Needed for Common Fertilizer Calculations
Part IX. Conversion Factors Needed for Common Fertilizer Calculations
(PDF)
Dec 18, 2023
424-100-I (SPES-299P-I)
Mark Reiter
Cotton Harvest Aid Selection and Application Timing
May 1, 2009
424-201
Joel C. Faircloth
Jason Sanders
Henry P. Wilson
Getting Started in the Production of Field-Grown, Specialty Cut Flowers
Getting Started in the Production of Field-Grown, Specialty Cut Flowers
(PDF)
Specialty cut flowers are one of the most profitable field crops you can grow. Lynn Byczynski, editor of Growing For Market newsletter (see Resources section), estimates a value of $25,000 to $35,000 per acre for field-grown cuts. The most basic requirements are at least half an acre of open, arable land, a rototiller, and, of course, time and effort. This publication is directed to those new to market gardening, but commercial vegetable growers, tobacco farmers, and young people interested
in summer income are all potential candidates. Even grain and livestock farmers have increased profitability in their operations by adding cut flower production.
For many greenhouse and nursery operations, mid-summer business is slower, relative to spring. A field-grown cut flower business is a viable option to fill
in the summer production and cash flow gap.
Apr 25, 2025
426-618 (SPES-171P)
Holly L. Scoggins
Field Production of Cut Flowers: Potential Crops
May 1, 2009
426-619
Holly L. Scoggins
Curing Quality Peanuts in Virginia
Feb 28, 2019
442-062 (BSE-246P)
Jactone Arogo
Impact of Changing From Nitrogen- to Phosphorus-Based Manure Nutrient Management Plans
Impact of Changing From Nitrogen- to Phosphorus-Based Manure Nutrient Management Plans
(PDF)
Animal manures are a good source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for agricultural crops, but they have an imbalance in their N to P ratio, so that if they are applied to meet crop N needs, then P is overapplied. For many years, manures have been applied to meet crop N needs, which has resulted in some soils containing more P than crops require, leading to environmental concerns. Regulations have been developed to limit P losses from manures and soils high in P by moving manure nutrient management from an N basis to a P basis.
Aug 6, 2024
442-310
Rory Maguire
Japanese Beetle in Field Corn
Feb 4, 2019
444-106
Curt Laub
S. Tiwari
Rod R. Youngman
Root-knot Nematode in Field Corn
Feb 4, 2019
444-107
Jon Eisenback
S. Tiwari
Rod R. Youngman
Asiatic Garden Beetle in Field Corn
Feb 4, 2019
444-108
Curt Laub
S. Tiwari
Rod R. Youngman
Slugs in Field Corn
Feb 4, 2019
444-109
Tim A. Jordan
Curt Laub
Rod R. Youngman
Integrated Pest Management Peanut Scouting Manual
In the competitive global peanut market, you need to lower production costs. At the same time, you also need to keep pesticide residues in peanuts to a minimum; protect rivers, streams, and lakes from runoff; and prevent chemicals from leaching through the soil to groundwater. Using IPM to protect crops only from pests that are likely to cause economic losses is a good way to meet these goals.
May 12, 2020
444-126
D. Ames Herbert
Identifying Soybean Fields at Risk to Leaf-Feeding Insects
Identifying Soybean Fields at Risk
(PDF)
This publication explains the relationship between Leaf Area Index and soybean yield potential.
Nov 28, 2023
444-203 (ENTO-565P)
D. Ames Herbert
David Holshouser
Brian P. Jones
Sean Malone
Cabbage and Seedcorn Maggot
Cabbage and Seedcorn Maggots
(PDF)
Mar 25, 2022
444-231 (ENTO-495NP)
T.A. Dellinger
Eric R. Day
European Corn Borer
Feb 4, 2019
444-232
Eric R. Day
Rod R. Youngman
Periodical Cicada
Periodical Cicada
(PDF)
In Virginia both the 17-and 13-year cicadas damage many ornamental and hardwood trees. Oaks are commonly attacked but the most seriously damaged are newly planted fruit and ornamental trees such as apple, dogwood, peach, hickory, cherry, and pear. Pines and other conifers are not commonly attacked.
Jul 7, 2021
444-276 (ENTO-455NP)
Eric R. Day
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
T.A. Dellinger
Managing Stink Bugs in Cotton: Research in the Southeast Region
Nov 13, 2018
444-390
Jack Bacheler
Eric Blinka
Jeremy Greene
D. Ames Herbert
Sean Malone
Phillip Roberts
Ron H. Smith
Michael Toews
John Van Duyn
Corn Earworm Biology and Management in Soybeans
Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, is the most common and destructive insect pest of soybeans grown in Virginia. Although infestation severity varies, about one-third of our acreage is treated annually. This costs farmers 1.5 to 2 million dollars annually, and requires the application of many pounds of insecticide to crop lands. We may never eliminate this pest from Virginia soybeans, but knowledge of the biology and use of best management practices can help limit insecticide controls to those fields that meet economic threshold criteria. This publication provides current information on corn earworm biology, prediction of outbreaks, pest advisories, scouting procedures, and recently revised economic thresholds.
May 12, 2020
444-770
D. Ames Herbert
Cathy Hull
Eric R. Day
Plant Disease Diagnostic Form
Plant Disease Diagnostic Form
(PDF)
Plant Disease Diagnostic Form
Jun 16, 2023
450-097 (SPES-487NP)
Instructions for Completing the Plant Disease Diagnostic Form (#450-097)
Instructions for Completing the Plant Disease Diagnostic Form
(PDF)
The Plant Disease Diagnostic Form was designed to accommodate a wide variety of plants and growing situations; therefore, certain entries on this form may not be appropriate for a particular specimen or situation. Much of the information requested helps reconstruct the "field situation" for the diagnostician. Consider each section of the form carefully; the information provides important clues to the diagnostician that are significant in guiding the diagnostic process and formulating the control recommendation. Your local Extension office staff can assist you in completing the form and include the relevant information requested on the form, so when possible, complete the form with the assistance of your local VCE agent or VCE staff member.
Sep 2, 2023
450-097-A (SPES-512NP)
Elizabeth Bush
Soil Sample Information Sheet for Commercial Crop Production
452-124 (SPES-174NP).indd
(PDF)
Sep 24, 2021
452-124 (SPES-356NP)
Steven Heckendorn
Soil Sample Information Sheet for Commercial Greenhouse and Nursery Production
SPES-349.pdf
(PDF)
Aug 19, 2021
452-126 (SPES-349NP)
Steven Heckendorn
Soil Sample Information Sheet for Surface-Mined Areas
SPES-347.pdf
(PDF)
Aug 12, 2021
452-127 (SPES-347NP)
Steven Heckendorn
Soil Sample Information Sheet for Golf Courses and Industrial Lawns
SPES-346.pdf
(PDF)
Aug 19, 2021
452-128 (SPES-346NP)
Steven Heckendorn
Mid-Atlantic Composting Directory
Mid-Atlantic Composting Directory
(PDF)
This directory is intended to provide contact
information for service and equipment suppliers, along
with sources for information and education. Every
attempt has been made to present accurate information.
Contents are for informational purposes only and are
based on details provided by the organizations and
entities listed. Inclusion in this directory does not
constitute an endorsement by the publishers of the
products or services of any business organization or
individual listed herein.
Aug 17, 2021
452-230 (SPES-345NP)
Greg Evanylo
Kathryn Haering
Soil Test Note #2 - Field Crops
Soil Test Note #2 - Field Crops
(PDF)
Most Virginia soils are acidic and require lime applications at three- to five-year intervals. Maintaining the correct soil pH has several benefits, such as encouraging healthy root development and making sure nutrients in the soil are available to the plant. For example, low pH can cause aluminum toxicity and can decrease phosphorus availability.
Sep 12, 2024
452-702 (CSES-100P)
Rory Maguire
Wade E. Thomason
Steven Heckendorn
Soil Test Note 5: Fertilizing With Manures
Fertilizing With Manures
(PDF)
Aug 30, 2019
452-705
Rory Maguire
Steven Heckendorn
Brian P. Jones
Soil Test Note: 20 Home Shrubs and Trees
Home Shrubs and Trees
(PDF)
Jun 29, 2021
452-720 (SPES-336P)
Bonnie L. Appleton
Steven Heckendorn
Laurie Fox
Soil Test Note 23: Christmas Tree Crops
Soil Test Note 23: Christmas Tree Crops
(PDF)
Jun 16, 2021
452-723 (SPES-331P)
James E. Johnson
Stephen J. Donohue
James. A. Burger
Charlie Conner
Kyle Peer
2026 Pest Management Guide - Field Crops
2026 Pest Management Guide - Field Crops
(PDF)
The Virginia Pest Management Guide (PMG) series lists options for management of major pests: diseases, insects, nematodes, and weeds. These guides are produced by Virginia Cooperative Extension and each guide is revised annually. PMG recommendations are based on research conducted by the Research and Extension Division of Virginia Tech, in cooperation with other land-grant universities, the USDA, and the pest management industry.
Jan 20, 2026
456-016 (ENTO-633NP)
Theirry Besançon
Tim Bryant
Charlie Cahoon
Rakesh Chandran
John Currin
Eric R. Day
Gillian Eastwood
Michael Flessner
W. Hunter Frame
Daniel Frank
Doug Higgins
David Jordan
Alyssa Koehler
Thomas P. Kuhar
Vipan Kumar
David Langston
Dwight Lingenfelter
Sean Malone
Kathleen Miller
Kathryn Payne
Arash Rashed
T. David Reed
Vijay Singh
Mark VanGessel
Kurt Vollmer
John Wallace
James M. Wilson
Yuan Zeng
Joshua Mott
2026 Pest Management Guide - Horticultural and Forest Crops
2026 Pest Management Guide - Horticultural and Forest Crops
(PDF)
The Virginia Pest Management Guide (PMG) series lists options for management of major pests: diseases, insects, nematodes, and weeds. These guides are produced by Virginia Cooperative Extension and each guide is revised annually. PMG recommendations are based on research conducted by the Research and Extension Division of Virginia Tech, in cooperation with other land-grant universities, the USDA, and the pest management industry.
Jan 21, 2026
456-017 (ENTO-604P)
Shawn Askew
Lori Chamberlin
Eric R. Day
Alejandro Del-Pozo
T.A. Dellinger
Jeffrey Derr
Katlin DeWitt
Carrie Fearer
Daniel Frank
Chuan Hong
David Langston
David McCall
Mizuho Nita
Rachel Parson
Kyle Peer
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Kevin B. Rice
Robert J. Richardson
Scott M. Salom
James M. Wilson
Scotty Yang
Yuan Zeng
Economics of Farm and Agribusiness Sustainability
Consumer demand for food grown using sustainable farm practices is at an all-time high (Nielsen, 2018). This is compelling farmers to explore various options to improve sustainability.
Feb 25, 2021
AAEC-278NP
John Bovay
Timothy Pierce
Risk Management and Crop Insurance
The federal crop insurance program is managed by the USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA). The crop insurance program helps to protect producers against low-revenue years. This publication provides a basic overview of the federal crop insurance policies available in Virginia and links to additional information about crop insurance policies.
Mar 25, 2021
AAEC-282NP
Timothy Pierce
John Bovay
GMO, Bioengineered Labeling, and Non-GMO Food
GMO, Bioengineered Labeling, and Non-GMO Food
(PDF)
Mar 1, 2021
AAEC-283NP
Timothy Pierce
John Bovay
2020 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental Rates
2020 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental Rates
(PDF)
Jul 2, 2021
AAEC-290NP
Patrick Kayser
Jennifer S. Friedel
Gordon Groover
Lex Bruce
The Basics of Hardwood-Log Shiitake Mushroom Production and Marketing
The Basics of Hardwood-Log Shiitake Mushroom Production and Marketing
(PDF)
Shiitake mushroom production offers an income opportunity for Virginia’s small-farm operators and small-woodlot owners while providing enjoyment for others. It is also a relatively simple food-production activity, like gardening, that can be a hobby or used for teaching. This publication describes a technique for shiitake production and marketing that can be used and adapted by Virginia farmers, hobbyists, or teachers.
Nov 4, 2025
ANR-102P (ANR-329P)
Gregory Frey
Bill Worrell
2013 Virginia Peanut Production Guide
Feb 12, 2013
AREC-31NP
Maria Balota
Robert Grisso
D. Ames Herbert
Patrick M. Phipps
Mike Roberts
Henry P. Wilson
Soybean Reproductive Development Stages
Soybean Reproductive Development Stages
(PDF)
Remove the soybean plant at ground level to make it easier to stage. Examine each main stem node one at a time to determine the development stage. Focus on the top four nodes that contain fully developed leaves (shown below). A fully developed leaf is one that is located immediately below a node containing a leaf with unrolled or unfolded leaflets (leaflet edges are no longer touching). The soybean crop is considered to be at a particular stage when 50% of the plants reach that stage. Listed with stage description for R1 through R6 are the approximate number of days to R7, or physiological maturity, for full season (FS) soybean planted in May and double crop (DC) soybean planted in June/July.
Jul 25, 2019
AREC-59NP (SPES-156NP)
Kevin Dillon
David Holshouser
2026 Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Growers Crop Handbook
2026 Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Growers Crop Handbook
(PDF)
This handbook represents a joint effort among Extension specialists and researchers from 15 land-grant universities in the U.S. who work in the area of vegetable production. These specialists and researchers represent a wide array of disciplines: agricultural engineering, agribusiness, entomology, food safety, horticulture (vegetable production), plant pathology, postharvest physiology, soil science, and weed science.
This handbook comprises up-to-the-minute information developed from research and Extension projects conducted throughout the southeastern United States. The key idea behind this handbook is to provideyou with a practical resource that conveniently fits on your dashboard. It contains the information that you need to manage your vegetable crops, including which varieties to plant, planting dates, fertilizer recommendations, cover crop selection and conservation tillage options, pesticide selection, grafting, fertigation, plasticulture, postharvest handling, alternative pest management tools and suggestions, as well as many other topics.
Jan 16, 2026
AREC-66 (SPES-771NP)
Mark Reiter
Thomas P. Kuhar
Kemper Sutton
Laura K. Strawn
Doug Higgins
Steve Rideout
Vijay Singh
Soybean Insect Guide
Numerous kinds of insects can be found in soybeans. Most are beneficial
or harmless, but some can cause yield loss and even crop failure if not
controlled.
Mar 20, 2019
AREC-68NP
D. Ames Herbert
Sally V. Taylor
Soil and Soil Water Relationships
This publication explains the essential physical and hydrologic properties that control how soils store and move water. It describes how texture, structure, pore size, bulk density, and organic matter determine infiltration, drainage, and the distribution of water within the soil profile. The concepts of water content, water potential, and the distinction between gravitational, plant‑available, and tightly held water are outlined in relation to various soil textures. It also introduces soil drainage classes and the water‑balance framework, linking precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and percolation to seasonal soil‑moisture dynamics. Together, these principles provide a foundation for informed decision‑making in crop production, irrigation scheduling, nutrient management, and long‑term soil and water conservation.
Mar 4, 2026
BSE-194P
Zachary M. Easton
Emily Bock
Irrigation Scheduling in Humid Climates Using the Checkbook Method
Irrigation Scheduling in Humid Climates Using the Checkbook Method
(PDF)
Irrigation scheduling is the process of deciding when and how much irrigation to apply to a field. Applying too little irrigation water can cause crop losses and yield reduction, but applying too much water can waste money, fertilizer, and labor, and can even decrease yields in some cases. The goal of this bulletin is to provide information that can help irrigators schedule irrigation using the checkbook method. It describes some of the benefits of irrigation scheduling and general factors that influence the amount and timing of irrigation needs. It then describes the data needed for checkbook irrigation scheduling and how to get this data, the calculations involved, and software/apps that can be used to help with these calculations.
Jun 21, 2024
BSE-239P
Julie Shortridge
Soil Moisture Sensors for Agricultural Irrigation: An Overview on Sensor Types
Soil Moisture Sensors for Agricultural Irrigation: An Overview on Sensor Types
(PDF)
Jul 21, 2021
BSE-338P
Julie Shortridge
Wesley Porter
Scheduling Agricultural Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content: Interpreting and Using Sensor Data
Scheduling Agricultural Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content: Interpreting and Using Sensor Data
(PDF)
Aug 10, 2021
BSE-339P
Julie Shortridge
Wesley Porter
Potential of Controlled Traffic Farming for Enhanced Soil Health and Productivity
Potential of Controlled Traffic Farming for enhanced soil health and productivity
(PDF)
Over past decades, there has been a steep emergence in the use of larger and heavier agricultural machinery including for tillage, planting, spraying, and harvesting. Although this is done to achieve higher productivity and efficiency, the unregulated traffic in the crop fields raise wheel loads to result in heavy soil compaction risks. Soil compaction is one of the major reasons for soil health degradation impacting physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and eventually the crop productivity. We present the impact of soil compaction on crop yield and assess Controlled traffic farming (CTF) as a possible solution. Study results show that the soil compaction was higher for the track zone compared to the no-track zone for both the corn and soybean growing fields. Importantly, this impact was prominent in the root zone depth i.e., till and beyond the hard pan. In some cases, the compaction varied so prominently that it led to the formation of two hard pans. Evaluations for the CTF also showed a trend that the field treatments with no cover crop experienced the highest soil compactions whereas the treatments with cover crop experienced the least compaction in most cases. It was also evident that soil compaction led to reduced crop health which likely also impacts the crop yield.
Apr 15, 2025
BSE-374NP
Pius Jjagwe
Michael Flessner
David Holshouser
Abhilash Chandel
Smrutilipi Hota
Mapping Cotton Boll Opening at Field-Scale (%Open Bolls) Using UAV Imagery
Mapping Cotton Boll Opening at Field-Scale (%Open Bolls) Using UAV Imagery
(PDF)
Cotton growth is indeterminate, and it is therefore critical to terminate after the bolls reach a certain level of maturity and fiber reaches a certain level of quality. Failure to obtain such matrices results in discounted prices at sales points being offered to the producers. Producers typically scout their cotton fields to identify the number of cotton boll openings and maturity levels from a few random locations within the entire field. Importantly, these estimates are based on few locations within the entire field and therefore tend to be inaccurately representing boll open or maturity status across entire field when microclimate and soil conditions can significantly vary to impact physiological parameters. Advent of remote sensing technology and data science can be useful in autonomously assessing spatial variations in cotton boll status to minimize losses pertaining to untimed defoliation and harvest. This article describes a UAV-based method for mapping visible lint exposure (% open bolls) using multispectral imagery. The method provides: (1) field-scale maps at 33ft x 33ft resolution with aggregated % open bolls and (2) boll opening trends over time to aid operational decision-making.
Feb 23, 2026
BSE-385NP
Arunachalam Manimozhian
Pius Jjagwe
Abhilash Chandel
Virginia Cover Crops Fact Sheet Series No. 1: Beneficial Uses of Cover Crops
The general purpose of a cover crop is to improve the soil, the broader environment, or other crops in rotation, not for direct harvest. Cover crops, depending on which are selected, are capable of providing many diverse assets. This publication provides a short description of these main benefits.
Sep 23, 2020
CSES-120NP (SPES-241NP)
Cathy Fleming
Wade E. Thomason
Virginia Cover Crops Fact Sheet Series No. 2: Cover Crop Performance Evaluation in Field and Controlled Studies
Cover crops increase soil organic matter, reduce erosion, suppress weeds, forage for nutrients, and reduce fertilizer costs (Clark, 2007). Cover crop species vary greatly and provide varied benefits. Performance evaluation of cover crop species and mixtures is needed in Virginia.
Sep 23, 2020
CSES-121NP (SPES-240NP)
Cathy Fleming
Wade E. Thomason
The Mid-Atlantic Nutrient Management Handbook
Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, and
Virginia, the five states in the Mid-Atlantic region, all require Certified
Nutrient Management Plans to be completed for certain agricultural
programs.
Jun 1, 2020
CSES-122P
Kathryn Haering
Greg Evanylo
A. Ozzie Abaye
Thomas J. Basden
Douglas Beegle
Gregory D. Binford
W. Lee Daniels
Sjoerd Willem Duiker
David J. Hansen
Greg Mullins
Richard W. Taylor
The Nutrient Value of Straw
The mature and dried stem, leaves, and chaff remaining after barley and wheat are harvested is known as straw. Many farmers around Virginia harvest straw by baling in small bales, large round bales, or large square bales that range in weight from 40 to 1,000 lbs. plus per bale.
Jun 19, 2015
CSES-126NP
Mark Reiter
Ursula T. Deitch
W. Hunter Frame
David Holshouser
Wade E. Thomason
Value and implications of corn stover removal from Virginia fields
There has recently been increased interest in the use of crop residues for different industrial uses in the US and the world. Corn residue is frequently cited as the most likely candidate for alternate industrial uses because of the large area of production and the relatively large amount of residue produced per acre. Among the potential alternate uses for corn stover, biofuel production has received the greatest attention.
Apr 6, 2017
CSES-180 (CSES-182NP)
Martin Battaglia,
Gordon Groover
Wade E. Thomason
Facts About Industrial Hemp
Aug 14, 2017
CSES-196NP
J.H. Fike
Thomas P. Kuhar
Jabari Byrd
Kadie Britt
Predicting Soybean Reproductive Stages in Virginia
Oct 7, 2017
CSES-197P
David Holshouser
Rasel Parvej
Virginia Tech Corn Silage Testing 2017
Nov 30, 2017
CSES-203NP
Harry D. Behl
Elizabeth Hokanson
Wade E. Thomason
Internationalizing the Land Grant Mission: Lessons from Senegal
Internationalizing the Land Grant Mission: Lessons from Senegal
(PDF)
Aug 4, 2023
CSES-207P
A. Ozzie Abaye
Tom Archibald
Kathleen Jamison
Glenda Snyder
Thomas L. Thompson
Taylor Vashro
Larry Vaughan
Internationalizing the Land Grant Mission: Lessons from Senegal
Internationalizing the Land Grant Mission: Lessons from Senegal
(PDF)
Aug 4, 2023
CSES-207P
A. Ozzie Abaye
Tom Archibald
Kathleen Jamison
Glenda Snyder
Thomas L. Thompson
Taylor Vashro
Larry Vaughan
Manure Injection in No-Till and Pasture Systems
Manure Injection in No-Till and Pasture Systems
(PDF)
May 1, 2023
CSES-22P (SPES-5P)
Rory Maguire
2017 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
Jan 31, 2018
CSES-225NP
W. Hunter Frame
David N. Horton
Gail White
2017 Virginia Grain Sorghum Performance Tests
Feb 21, 2018
CSES-227
Maria Balota
Joseph Oakes
Harvesting and nutrient replacement costs associated with corn stover removal in Virginia
Feb 21, 2018
CSES-229NP
Martin Battaglia,
Gordon Groover
Wade E. Thomason
Importance of Farm Phosphorus Mass Balance and Management Options
Importance of Farm Phosphorus Mass Balance and Management Options
(PDF)
Phosphorus is a naturally occurring element that is one of 16 elements essential for plant growth and animal health. Research has documented that applying phosphorus in fertilizers or manure increases crop growth and yield on soils that are below critical agronomic levels, as measured during routine soil testing. Although the economic benefits of phosphorus fertilization on crop production are well-documented, too much of a good thing can be detrimental to the environment. Excessive soil phosphorus is a potential threat to water quality.
Jan 29, 2025
CSES-98P (SPES-178P)
Rory Maguire
2017 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Test Plots
Jan 4, 2018
CSES-223NP
Mike Broaddus
Taylor Clarke
David Holshouser
Watson Lawrence
Mike Parrish
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Laura Siegle
2017 Virginia On-Farm Corn Test Plots
Jan 4, 2018
CSES-224NP
Keith Balderson
Mike Broaddus
Taylor Clarke
Roy Flanagan
Jim Hilleary
Trent Jones
Bruce Jones
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Wade E. Thomason
Lindy Tucker
Tracy Porter
Determining Harvesting Time for Corn Silage
May 5, 2016
DASC-82NP
Gonzalo Ferreira
Evaluation of the Residual Efficacy of Commercial Slug Baits
Evaluation of the Residual Efficacy of Commercial Slug Baits
(PDF)
Slugs are prevalent pests in no-till and reduced-till crop systems in Virginia. These slimy mollusks utilize plant residue to hide during the day, and at night, they feed on numerous crops causing irregular feeding holes and shredded leaves. Slugs cause the most damage during early plant growth.
Feb 15, 2021
ENTO-178NP (ENTO-401NP)
Thomas P. Kuhar
Katlin Mooneyham
Christopher McCullough
Curt Laub
Corn earworm monitoring in commercial sweet corn fields in Virginia – 2017
Mar 5, 2018
ENTO-266NP
Katlyn Catron
Jason Cooper
Ursula T. Deitch
Helene Doughty
John Few
Thomas P. Kuhar
Kenner Love
Steve Pottorff
Stephanie Romelczyk
Laura Siegle
Mark Sutphin
Brown Stink Bug in Field Corn
Feb 20, 2019
ENTO-307NP
Sally V. Taylor
Tim Bryant
Sugarcane Aphid in Virginia Sorghum
Sep 12, 2019
ENTO-334NP
Katlyn Catron
Thomas P. Kuhar
Sally V. Taylor
Integrated Pest Management of Hemp in Virginia
Integrated Pest Management of Hemp in Virginia
(PDF)
Hemp is a new crop to Virginia agriculture and available information about pest management and general crop production is lacking. This guide compiles the current known information about pest (insect and mite, disease and pathogen, and weed) management and crop production for hemp grown in Virginia. This is a first version and updates will occur in the future.
Apr 24, 2025
ENTO-349NP
Kadie Britt
J.H. Fike
Michael Flessner
Charles S. Johnson
Thomas P. Kuhar
Tim McCoy
T. David Reed
Reading Pesticide Product Labels
Reading Pesticide Product Labels
(PDF)
Jan 7, 2021
ENTO-390NP
Stephanie Blevins Wycoff
Cynthia Gregg
Dana Beegle
Daniel Frank
Lepidopteran Insecticide Menu for Vegetable Growers
Lepidopteran Insecticide Menu for Vegetable Growers
(PDF)
Using IPM-compatible insecticide chemistries and rotating mode of action to avoid insecticide resistance development is important for managing lepidopteran pests in vegetables. This handout categorizes the currently available insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests of vegetables in Virginia.
Jan 7, 2021
ENTO-395NP
Thomas P. Kuhar
Helene Doughty
Colorado Potato Beetle Foliar Insecticide Menu for Potato Growers
Colorado Potato Beetle Foliar Insecticide Menu for Potato Growers: Don’t wait, it’s smart to rotate
(PDF)
Mar 8, 2021
ENTO-396NP
Thomas P. Kuhar
Christopher McCullough
Helene Doughty
Box Tree Moth
Box Tree Moth
(PDF)
Mar 10, 2021
ENTO-445NP
Alejandro Del-Pozo
Eric R. Day
T.A. Dellinger
Critical updates for the 2021 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Recommendations
Mar 10, 2021
ENTO-446NP
Thomas P. Kuhar
Mark Reiter
Steve Rideout
Vijay Singh
Biology and Management of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Mid Atlantic Soybean
NPR Publication Template
(PDF)
Jul 2, 2021
ENTO-450NP
Lorena Lopez
Thomas P. Kuhar
Sally V. Taylor
Kemper Sutton
Cyclamen Mite in Virginia Strawberries
Cyclamen Mite in Virginia Strawberries
(PDF)
Oct 13, 2021
ENTO-451NP
Jayesh Samtani
Roy Flanagan
Pesticide Drift Series: Understanding and Controlling Pesticide Drift
Pesticide Drift Series: Understanding and Controlling Pesticide Drift
(PDF)
Jul 7, 2021
ENTO-452NP
Tim McCoy
Dana Beegle
Pesticide Drift Series: Protecting Sensitive Areas from Pesticide Drift
Pesticide Drift Series: Protecting Sensitive Areas from Pesticide Drift
(PDF)
Jul 7, 2021
ENTO-453NP
Rachel Parson
Dana Beegle
Pesticide Drift Series: Using Buffers to Reduce the Impact of Spray Drift
Pesticide Drift Series: Using Buffers to Reduce the Impact of Spray Drift
(PDF)
Jun 22, 2021
ENTO-454NP
Stephanie Blevins Wycoff
Michael J. Weaver
Dana Beegle
Benefits of an Insecticide Seed Treatment for Cucurbit Production
Benefits of an Insecticide Seed Treatment for Cucurbit Production
(PDF)
Oct 14, 2021
ENTO-456NP
James M. Wilson
Thomas P. Kuhar
Lorena Lopez
Broad-Headed Bugs
Broad-Headed Bugs
(PDF)
Jul 23, 2021
ENTO-457NP
Daniel Wilczek
Thomas P. Kuhar
Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper in Virginia Soybeans
Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper in Virginia Soybeans
(PDF)
Nov 22, 2021
ENTO-460NP
Elizabeth Pittman
Sally V. Taylor
Sean Malone
UPDATED List of Commercial Suppliers and Insectaries/Laboratories Selling Predators and Parasitoids for Augmentative Biocontrol
UPDATED List of Commercial Suppliers and Insectaries/Laboratories Selling Predators and Parasitoids for Augmentative Biocontrol
(PDF)
Feb 4, 2022
ENTO-480NP
Alejandro Del-Pozo
Identification and Life Cycle of Spotted Lanternfly in Virginia
Identification and Life Cycle of Spotted Lanternfly in Virginia
(PDF)
Mar 18, 2022
ENTO-268NP (ENTO-494NP)
Eric R. Day
T.A. Dellinger
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Mark Sutphin
Asiatic Garden Beetle in Cotton
Asiatic Garden Beetle in Cotton
(PDF)
This publication on Asiatic garden beetle provides an overview of the insect, identification characteristics, and management recommendations for this pest in cotton.
Apr 29, 2025
ENTO-610NP
Sean Malone
Tim Bryant
Nanobubbles as an Emerging Sanitation Technology
Nanobubbles as an Emerging Sanitation Technology
(PDF)
Jan 27, 2021
FST-383NP
Reza Ovissipour
Advanced Irrigation Management for Container-Grown Ornamental Crop Production
Container-grown plants are constrained with regard to root growth, and are affected by factors including container size, substrate, weather, nutrition, and irrigation. Typical soilless substrates will hold less plant-available water than a typical field soil, making water management a critical component of any container-grown plant production system. A well-designed and managed irrigation system, which works in concert with the aforementioned factors, can provide the necessary quantity of water to support plant growth in an efficient manner.
Sep 23, 2016
HORT-218P
Matthew Chappell
Tyler Hoskins
Anthony V. LeBude
James Owen, Jr.
Evaluation of Blackberry Varieties in Virginia
Evaluation of Blackberry Varieties in Virginia
(PDF)
May 6, 2022
HORT-226P (SPES-400P)
Mikel Ann Manchester
Jayesh Samtani
Sweetpotato Production and Variety Performance in Southeast Virginia, 2015-2016
May 8, 2018
HORT-282P
Ramón A. Arancibia
Roy Flanagan
James Jenrette
Mike Parrish
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Micro Tunnels in Vegetable Crops: Beyond Season Extension
Micro Tunnels in Vegetable Crops:
Beyond Season Extension Micro Tunnels in Vegetable Crops:
Beyond Season Extension
(PDF)
"Low Tunnels in Vegetable Crops: Beyond Season Extension" is a comprehensive document that delves into the multifaceted benefits of micro tunnels in vegetable cultivation, encompassing not only extended growing seasons but also improved yield, pest management, and resource efficiency, making it an essential resource for modern sustainable farming.
Nov 9, 2023
HORT-291 (SPES-524P)
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
Ramón A. Arancibia
Managing Troublesome Crop Weeds: Current Practices
Jul 25, 2017
PPWS-101NP
Michael Flessner
2018 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
Feb 19, 2019
SPES-105NP
W. Hunter Frame
David N. Horton
Gail White
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2018
May 14, 2019
SPES-118 (SPES-130NP)
Michael Ellis
David Holshouser
Ed Seymore
William Taylor
Amy Pawlick
Harvest Weed Seed Control
Harvest Weed Seed Control
(PDF)
Combine harvesters can disperse weed seed, spreading them within a field and from field to field. Harvest Weed Seed Control (HWSC) is a method of weed control that concentrates, removes, or kills weed seeds that are retained on weed plants at the time of crop harvest. HWSC can be used to reduce the soil seedbank and thus future weed problems. It can also aid in herbicide resistance management, by killing or removing seeds produced by weeds that have escaped herbicidal control. This publication overviews current options to adopt HWSC and research results from Virginia.
Apr 21, 2025
SPES-135NP (SPES-680NP)
Michael Flessner
Eli Russell
Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Control in Soybeans
Jun 6, 2019
SPES-143NP
Eric Scruggs
Shawn Beam
Michael Flessner
Nematode Management in Field Crops
Instructions for Sampling and Submitting Crop Nematode Samples
(PDF)
This publication provides 1) instructions for collecting and submitting crop nematode samples for diagnostic and predictive assays and 2) the nematode sample submission form for the Tidewater AREC Nematode Diagnostic Lab.
Mar 25, 2025
SPES-15NP (SPES-671NP)
David Langston
Mychele Batista da Silva
Instructions for Sampling and Submitting Crop Nematode Samples
Dec 12, 2023
SPES-16NP (SPES-530NP)
David Langston
Herbicide Options to Terminate Winter Cover Crops
Sep 18, 2019
SPES-167NP
Kara Pittman
Michael Flessner
Charlie Cahoon
Kevin Bamber
2020 Virginia Peanut Production Guide
May 6, 2020
SPES-177NP
Maria Balota
David Jordan
H. L. Mehl
Julie Shortridge
Sally V. Taylor
Fertilizer: The Many Forms You Can Use
Mar 18, 2020
SPES-187NP
Mark Reiter
Clara Ervin
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2019
VIRGINIA SOYBEAN PERFORMANCE TESTS 2019
(PDF)
Feb 12, 2020
SPES-191NP
David Holshouser
Amy Pawlick
Billy Taylor
Ed Seymore
Foliar Injury: Spring Nitrogen Applications to Small Grains
Spring nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) applications to wheat in Virginia are imperative for high yielding systems. Questions often arise regarding the last Spring N and S application split (GS30) as temperatures rise and chances for wheat injury increase. Especially for S containing fertilizers, chances of foliar injury or “burn” may also increase. Does this foliar injury decrease yields? What management practice should a farmer utilize to reduce risks?
Apr 2, 2020
SPES-197NP
Mark Reiter
Wade E. Thomason
W. Hunter Frame
Common Fertilizers Used in Virginia: Secondary and Micronutrients
Secondary macronutrients are used in relatively large quantities by plants for optimal growth and are sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Micronutrients on the other hand are needed in much smaller quantities than both primary and secondary macronutrients; however, micronutrients are still essential for plant growth.
Apr 10, 2020
SPES-200NP
Mark Reiter
Conversion Factors Needed for Common Fertilizer Calculations
Conversion Factors Needed for Common Fertilizer Calculations
(PDF)
Apr 29, 2020
SPES-201NP
Mark Reiter
2020 Virginia On-Farm Wheat Test Plots
2020 Virginia On-Farm Wheat Test Plots
(PDF)
Aug 19, 2020
SPES-238NP
Mike Broaddus
Taylor Clarke
Paul H. Davis
Lindy Fimon
Rachel Henley
Trent Jones
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Nicole Shuman
Carl Stafford
Skylar Swann
Wade E. Thomason
Applied Research on Field Crop Disease and Nematode Management 2017
This publication provides a summary of applied research conducted in 2017 on disease and nematode management in wheat, corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean.
Jun 18, 2018
SPES-26NP
H. L. Mehl
Shenandoah Valley AREC Field Day 2020
Video
(HTML)
The Virginia Tech Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center hosted its biennial Field Day on August 5, 2020 at 2 pm. This online event featured videos of current research projects at the Shenandoah Valley AREC. The topics covered during this field day included establishing and protecting trees in pasture, establishing biodiverse pasture systems for pollinators and cattle, new herbicide options for pasture weed control (while still preserving clover), cow and calf performance on summer-stockpiled tall fescue pastures, supplementing yeast-derived products to feedlot cattle, the Asian longhorned tick and Theileria, standardized performance analyses for benchmarking cow herd productivity, and the Smart Farm Innovation Network.
Nov 24, 2020
SPES-269-8
Gabriel Pent
Managing Phosphorus Balance on Virginia Dairy Farms
Managing Phosphorus Balance on Virginia Dairy Farms
(PDF)
Virginia dairy farms can maintain milk production and improve their long-term sustainability by balancing their whole farm phosphorus imports and exports. The annual phosphorus mass balance is the difference in the quantity of phosphorus imported onto the farm (such as purchased feed, fertilizer, etc.), and exported from the farm (such as crops, milk sold, etc.) during a year.
Mar 15, 2021
SPES-278NP
Rory Maguire
Sapana Pokhrel
Specialty Small Grains in 2020
Specialty Small Grains in 2020
(PDF)
Dec 17, 2020
SPES-279NP
Wade E. Thomason
C.A. Griffey
H. L. Mehl
Nate Lawton
Elizabeth Rucker
Wynse Brooks
Tom Custis
David Langston
Karl Jones
Linda Byrd-Masters
Steve Byrum
Naviot Kaur
Joseph Oakes
Mark Vaughn
Ned Jones
Jon Light
Bobby Clark
Drill Calibration Worksheet
SPES-283.xlsx
(XLSX)
Jan 14, 2021
SPES-283NP
Doug Horn
Nurturing Community, Soil Health, and Restorative Justice
Video
(HTML)
Jan 14, 2021
SPES-285NP
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Taking Care of the Soil
Video
(HTML)
Jan 14, 2021
SPES-286NP
Eric S. Bendfeldt
R.B. Reneau, Jr.
Keeping the Spark Alive: Soil, Service, and Berries
Video
(HTML)
Jan 14, 2021
SPES-287NP
Eric S. Bendfeldt
It All Starts with Your Soil …And Volunteers!
Video
(HTML)
Jan 14, 2021
SPES-288NP
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Introduction to Soil, Conservation, and Place video series
Video
(HTML)
Jan 7, 2021
SPES-290NP
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Mike Parrish
Kim Niewolny
Wade E. Thomason
Lime: Common Soil Additives to Raise Soil pH in Virginia
Lime: Common Soil Additives to Raise Soil pH in Virginia
(PDF)
Feb 16, 2021
SPES-298NP
Mark Reiter
Rory Maguire
2020 Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results. I. Agronomic and Grade Data
SPES-302.pdf
(PDF)
Feb 18, 2021
SPES-302NP
Maria Balota
Jeffrey Dunne
Alexandre Brice Cazenave
Dan Anco
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2020
The purpose of this publication is to provide performance data of the many soybean varieties offered for sale in Virginia. These data should be of benefit to producers and agribusinesses in making selections of varieties for their use. It is realized that not all varieties that are offered for sale in Virginia are included in these tests. There is no implication that varieties not included are inferior in any way, but only that they have not been tested.
Feb 19, 2021
SPES-303NP
David Holshouser
Amy Pawlick
Billy Taylor
Peanut Variety and Quality 2020 Results. II. Quality Data
Mar 22, 2021
SPES-309NP
Maria Balota
Jeffrey Dunne
Alexandre Brice Cazenave
Dan Anco
2021 Virtual Eastern Shore Agricultural Conference and Trade Show
Mar 12, 2021
SPES-312NP
Theresa Pittman
Ursula T. Deitch
Mark Reiter
Vijay Singh
John Mason
Keren Duerksen
Joseph Haymaker
Helene Doughty
David Holshouser
David Langston
Michael Flessner
Steve Rideout
Wade E. Thomason
Christopher McCullough
Kemper Sutton
Kyle M. Bekelja
Thomas P. Kuhar
Bruce Richardson
Robert Harper
Brett Richardson
Bill Shockley
Does Land Application of Biosolids Pose Health Concerns for Grazing Livestock?
Does Land Application of Biosolids Pose Health Concerns for Grazing Livestock?
(PDF)
Aug 3, 2021
SPES-318P
Greg Evanylo
An Overview of Southern Blight, Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
An Overview of Southern Blight, Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
(PDF)
Aug 24, 2021
SPES-325NP
Jose Garcia-Gonzalez
Mary Ann Hansen
Laura K. Strawn
Steve Rideout
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Management of Soilborne Pests in Vegetables
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Management of Soilborne Pests in Vegetables
(PDF)
Jul 6, 2021
SPES-326NP
Jose Garcia-Gonzalez
Claire M. Murphy
Mary Ann Hansen
Laura K. Strawn
Steve Rideout
Small Grain Forage Variety Testing, 2021
Small Grain Forage Variety Testing, 2021
(PDF)
Jun 28, 2021
SPES-335NP
Wade E. Thomason
Greg Lillard
Elizabeth Rucker
4 The Soil Live Kickoff
Video
(HTML)
Jul 23, 2021
SPES-339NP
Mary Sketch
Eric S. Bendfeldt
Cool-Season Turfgrass Sports Field Maintenance Calendar
Maintenance Calendar for Cool-Season Athletic Fields in Virginiaa
(PDF)
Jul 22, 2021
SPES-341NP
Michael Goatley
Shawn Askew
David McCall
Alejandro Del-Pozo
Small Grains in 2021
Small Grains in 2021
(PDF)
Aug 3, 2021
SPES-348NP
Nicholas Santantonio
Wade E. Thomason
Caleb Bishop
Elizabeth Rucker
2021 Virginia On-farm Wheat Test Plots
2021 VIRGINIA ON-FARM WHEAT TEST PLOTS
(PDF)
Sep 8, 2021
SPES-352NP
Robby Longest
Mike Broaddus
Paul H. Davis
Trent Jones
Nicole Shuman
Carl Stafford
Stephanie Romelczyk
Wade E. Thomason
Protective Agriculture Production Series: Fundamentals
Protective Agriculture Production Series: Fundamentals
(PDF)
Sep 16, 2021
SPES-355NP
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
2021 Eastern Shore AREC Interactive Research Field Day
2021 Eastern Shore AREC Interactive Research Field Day
(PDF)
Oct 8, 2021
SPES-359NP
Mark Reiter
Lorena Lopez
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
Thomas P. Kuhar
Keren Brooks
Bo Zhang
John Mason
Joyce Zuchel
Helene Doughty
Joseph Haymaker
Jenny Templeton
Chris Lawrence
David Holshouser
Billy Taylor
Daniel L. Goerlich
Specialty Small Grains in 2021
Specialty Small Grains in 2021
(PDF)
Sep 24, 2021
SPES-360NP
Wade E. Thomason
Nicholas Santantonio
Wynse Brooks
Caleb Bishop
Elizabeth Rucker
Tom Custis
Karl Jones
Joseph Oakes
Mark Vaughn
Ned Jones
Jon Light
Virginia Corn Silage Hybrid Trials in 2021
Virginia Corn Silage Hybrid Trials in 2020
(PDF)
Dec 16, 2021
SPES-364NP
Wade E. Thomason
Caleb Bishop
Elizabeth Rucker
David Yutzy
Doug Horn
Greg Lillard
Ned Jones
Philip Blevins
Virginia Corn Hybrid and Management Trials in 2021
Virginia Corn Hybrid and Management Trials in 2020
(PDF)
Dec 17, 2021
SPES-365NP
Wade E. Thomason
Caleb Bishop
Elizabeth Rucker
Phillip Browning
Doug Horn
Jason Stutz
Karl Jones
Ned Jones
Greg Lillard
Brooks Saville
2026 Virginia Peanut Production Guide
2026 Virginia Peanut Production Guide
(PDF)
This guide describes peanut production practices including cultivars, planting, management, and harvest. Under management, information is provided on the optimum time for nutrient and irrigation applications; describes rotations effect on yield; soil preparation, etc. It also identifies major pests for the region including weeds, insects and disease, and how those should be controlled.
Jan 12, 2026
SPES-367NP (SPES-759NP)
Maria Balota
Tim Bryant
Jacob Forehand
David Jordan
David Langston
Julie Shortridge
Vijay Singh
Sally V. Taylor
2021 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
Jan 28, 2022
SPES-377NP
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Taylor Clarke
Roy Flanagan
Josh Holland
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Trent Jones
Watson Lawrence
Frank Long
Robby Longest
Mike Parrish
Sara Rutherford
Rebekah Slabach
Carl Stafford
David Holshouser
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results I. Agronomic and Grade Data
Feb 18, 2022
SPES-382NP
Maria Balota
Jeffrey Dunne
Dan Anco
2021 Virginia On-Farm Corn Test Plots
Feb 18, 2022
SPES-383NP
Trent Jones
Robby Longest
Mike Broaddus
Stephanie Romelczyk
Scott Reiter
Watson Lawrence
Roy Flanagan
Carl Stafford
Frank Long
Taylor Clarke
Sara Rutherford
Josh Holland
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Glenn F. Chappell
John Townsend
Robert Grammar
Landon West
Wade E. Thomason
2021 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
The official cotton variety testing program (OVT) seeks to evaluate commercial and experimental lines across a wide range of locations in Southeast Virginia to determine performance of varieties based on yield and lint quality.
Feb 17, 2022
SPES-385NP
W. Hunter Frame
David Horton
Marie Schirmacher
2021 Virginia Soybean Performance Tests
Feb 21, 2022
SPES-386NP
David Holshouser
Billy Taylor
Consider Your Whole System: Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching Potential in Virginia
Jun 25, 2018
SPES-39NP
Mark Reiter
Wade E. Thomason
W. Hunter Frame
Consider Your Whole System: Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching Potential in Virginia
Consider Your Whole System: Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching Potential in Virginia
(PDF)
Early summer often means locally heavy and sporadic rainfall as thunderstorms deliver intense rains, and 2018 appears to be no different with many areas in eastern Virginia receiving 3+ inches of rain in a few days (Figure 1). These storms also often coincide with the timing of sidedress nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) applications on corn. While some rainfall after sidedress is very beneficial to facilitate N movement into soil, heavy rain (2+ inches) often leaves us wondering how much, if any, of that recently-applied N remains and if additional N is needed.
Jan 31, 2024
SPES-39NP
Mark Reiter
Wade E. Thomason
W. Hunter Frame
Consider Your Whole System: Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching Potential in Virginia
Consider Your Whole System: Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching Potential in Virginia
(PDF)
Jun 25, 2018
SPES-39NP
Mark Reiter
Wade E. Thomason
W. Hunter Frame
Fresh Hops Harvesting and Handling Tips
Jun 29, 2018
SPES-43NP
Laura Siegle
Holly L. Scoggins
Amber Vallotton
Virginia Tech Corn Silage Trials, 2023
Virginia Tech Corn Silage Trials, 2023
(PDF)
The annual summary of corn silage hybrids testing in Virginia.
Jan 23, 2025
SPES-651NP
Caleb Bishop
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia Tech Corn Silage Testing 2018
Nov 6, 2018
SPES-69NP
Harry D. Behl
Elizabeth Rucker
Wade E. Thomason
Tar Spot of Corn
Tar Spot of Corn
(PDF)
Tar spot of corn, caused by Phyllachora maydis, is an emerging foliar disease in the United States. The disease was first confirmed in Shenandoah County, Virginia, in 2022, with the pathogen being detected in multiple counties across the state. This publication provides an overview of tar spot symptoms and signs, conducive environmental conditions, and current management strategies.
Aug 29, 2025
SPES-726NP
Kamal Chhetri
David Langston
Yuan Zeng
Virginia Corn Hybrid and Management Trials in 2018
Nov 5, 2018
SPES-73NP
Wade E. Thomason
Harry D. Behl
Elizabeth Rucker
Virginia Corn Silage Trials, 2024
Virginia Corn Silage Trials, 2024
(PDF)
The annual summary of corn silage hybrids testing in Virginia.
Dec 16, 2025
SPES-740NP
Caleb Bishop
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Cotton Variety Selection Tool
Cotton Variety Selection Tool
(HTML)
The official cotton variety trial (OVT) and on-farm variety trials are conducted in multiple locations across Southeast Virginia each year. At each site, in-season harvest data is collected and analyzed to provide cotton producers and industry partners with reliable performance data for each variety. This tool has been divided into three main pages: OVT Yield, OVT Lint Quality, and On-Farm Yield.
- OVT Yield: Data from small-plot trials replicated on the Tidewater AREC station and multiple farms across the region. Includes lint yield, lint percentage, and relative yield.
-OVT Lint Quality: Includes important lint characteristics: color and leaf grades, micronaire, strength, length, staple, HVI trash, reflectance, and yellowness.
-On-Farm Yield: Data from large strip plots on farms across the region. Includes lint yield, lint percentage, and rankings by site and year. Can view individual years or averaged over all site years.
Mar 13, 2026
SPES-790NP
W. Hunter Frame
Janessa Fiorenza
Chris Mitchell
2018 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
Jan 16, 2019
SPES-96NP
Mike Broaddus
Taylor Clarke
Roy Flanagan
David Holshouser
Trent Jones
Bruce Jones
Watson Lawrence
Mike Parrish
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Laura Siegle
Carl Stafford
Lindy Tucker
Weed Management Planner - Before Planting
Aug 2, 2023
SPES-268NP (SPES-506NP-A)
Michael Flessner
Kevin Bamber
Rakesh Chandran
Thomas E. Hines
Quintin Johnson
Dwight Lingenfelter
Claudio Rubione
Lovreet Shergill
Mark VanGessel
Kurt Vollmer
Vijay Singh
Weed Management Planner - After Planting
Weed Management Planner - After Planting
(PDF)
Feb 13, 2024
SPES-268NP (SPES-570NP-B)
Michael Flessner
Kevin Bamber
Rakesh Chandran
Thomas E. Hines
Quintin Johnson
Dwight Lingenfelter
Claudio Rubione
Lovreet Shergill
Mark VanGessel
Kurt Vollmer
Vijay Singh
2021 Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results - Quality Data
Mar 24, 2022
SPES-395NP
Maria Balota
Jeffrey Dunne
Dan Anco
Fitz Cherry
Small Grain Forage Variety Testing, 2022
Small Grain Forage Variety Testing, 2022
(PDF)
Jun 24, 2022
SPES-406NP
Wade E. Thomason
Greg Lillard
Joshua Mott
Effective Tiller Management for Winter Wheat
Effective Tiller Managment for Winter Wheat
(PDF)
Jan 4, 2023
SPES-431P
Michelle Lee
Joseph Oakes
Virginia Corn Hybrid and Management Trials in 2022
Virginia Corn Hybrid and Management Trials in 2022
(PDF)
Dec 9, 2022
SPES-453NP
Joshua Mott
Caleb Bishop
Wade E. Thomason
Edamame in Virginia II. Producing a High-Quality Product
Edamame in Virginia II: Producing a High-Quality Product
(PDF)
Apr 13, 2023
SPES-455P
Xiaoying Li
Steve Rideout
Laura K. Strawn
Greg Welbaum
Thomas P. Kuhar
Song Li
Pengyin Chen
Mark Reiter
Bo Zhang
Virginia Corn Silage Hybrid Trials in 2022
Virginia Corn Silage Hybrid Trials in 2022
(PDF)
Dec 16, 2022
SPES-457NP
Joshua Mott
Caleb Bishop
Wade E. Thomason
2022 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
Jan 6, 2023
SPES-460NP
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Mike Broaddus
Taylor Clarke
Elizabeth Cooper
Roy Flanagan
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Trent Jones
Frank Long
Robby Longest
Mike Parrish
Sara Rutherford
Nathan Sedghi
Rebekah Slabach
Carl Stafford
Sally V. Taylor
C.A. Wilkinson
Yuan Zeng
David Holshouser
Specialty Small Grains in 2022
Specialty Small Grains in 2022
(PDF)
Jan 17, 2023
SPES-473NP
Joshua Mott
Wade E. Thomason
Nicholas Santantonio
Caleb Bishop
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation 2022 I. Agronomic and Grade Data
In 2022, PVQE included 25 genotypes: 5 commercial varieties, including ‘Bailey II’,’ Emery’, ‘NC 20’, ‘Sullivan’ and ‘Walton’; and 20 advanced breeding lines developed by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program (Table 1). All breeding lines have the ‘high oleic acid’ characteristic. Cultivars and lines were planted from May 11 through May 24 at five locations: Tidewater AREC in Suffolk, VA, Slade Farm near Williamston, Martin Co., NC, the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station (UCPRS) near Rocky Mount, NC, McDuffie Farm near Council, Bladen County, NC, and the Edisto Research and Education Center (EREC) in Blackville, SC.
Feb 22, 2023
SPES-475NP
Maria Balota
Fitz Cherry
Dan Anco
Jeffrey Dunne
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2022
The purpose of this publication is to provide performance data of the many soybean varieties offered for sale in Virginia. These data should be of benefit to producers and agribusinesses in making selections of varieties for their use. It is realized that not all varieties that are offered for sale in Virginia are included in these tests. There is no implication that varieties not included are inferior in any way, but only that they have not been tested.
Feb 13, 2023
SPES-478NP
David Holshouser
Billy Taylor
Ronald Daughtrey
2022 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
Mar 15, 2023
SPES-482NP
W. Hunter Frame
Sean Cummings
Billy Taylor
Lessons learned from peanut variety testing in 2022
Apr 24, 2023
SPES-485NP
Maria Balota
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results 2022
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results 2022
(PDF)
Apr 21, 2023
SPES-499NP
Maria Balota
Jeffrey Dunne
Dan Anco
Basic Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Physiology and Morphology
Basic Tomato \(Lycopersicon esculentum\) Physiology and Morphology
(PDF)
May 31, 2023
SPES-508NP
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
Ricardo Jose Gandini Taveras
Suam Perlaza Cruz
Aerial imagery to improve disease diagnosis and management in field crops
Aerial imagery to improve disease diagnosis and management in field crops
(PDF)
Aug 11, 2023
SPES-515NP
Abhilash Chandel
2023 Potato Variety Evaluation for the Eastern Shore of Virginia
2023 Potato Variety Evaluation for the Eastern Shore of Virginia
(PDF)
The publication delves into the critical aspects of potato cultivar selection for Eastern Virginia. It highlights the importance of choosing cultivars well-suited to the region's climate and growing conditions. Factors like temperature fluctuations, precipitation patterns, tuber yield and quality are considered when making these selections. The evaluation process encompasses parameters such as yield potential, vegetative characteristics, and quality attributes like Specific Gravity and chip color. Moreover, the publication explores the use of metrics like NDVI and SPAD for assessing plant health. Detailed results for specific cultivars, such as 'Atlantic' and 'Chieftain,' among others, are provided, emphasizing data-driven decisions for optimal potato production in Eastern Virginia.
Oct 18, 2023
SPES-521NP
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
Alexis Suero Mirabal
Josue Alarcon Mendoza
2022 Potato Industry Status at the Eastern Shore of Virginia
2022 Potato Industry Status at the Eastern Shore of Virginia
(PDF)
This document provides an overview of the potato industry's status in 2022, including key statistics such as acreage, cultivar selection methods, planting practices, and pest control measures. The challenges faced by potato farmers in the region are also discussed, including issues related to fertilization, labor, pests, and market conditions. Additionally, the document outlines the research priorities identified by potato farmers, focusing on soil analysis, weather data accessibility, and irrigation management. It emphasizes the importance of research and innovation for the sector's future growth. Lastly, the document explores communication preferences among potato farmers, highlighting their preference for email and annual conferences as effective means of information exchange.
Oct 23, 2023
SPES-522NP
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
Alexis Suero Mirabal
Ursula T. Deitch
Theresa Pittman
2023 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
2023 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
(PDF)
These demonstration and research results are a collaborative effort of Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) Agents and Specialists, Virginia producers, and agribusiness. The purpose of this publication is to provide research-based information to aid in the decision-making process for soybean producers in Virginia. It provides an unbiased evaluation of varieties, management practices, and new technologies through on-farm replicated research using producer equipment and time. These experiments enable producers to make better management decisions based on research and provide greater opportunities to improve yields and profits, which improves quality of life for them and their families.
Jan 12, 2024
SPES-577NP
Scott Reiter
Taylor Clarke
Roy Flanagan
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Trent Jones
Frank Long
Robby Longest
David Langston
Mackenzie Gunn
Spencer Irby
Carrie Ortel
Virginia On-Farm Corn Test Plots 2023
Virginia On-Farm Corn Test Plots 2023
(PDF)
These demonstrations and replicated studies provide information that can be used by Virginia corn growers to make better management decisions on their farm. These results should be used along with data from other replicated studies when making decisions. Refer to individual location results for additional detail.
Feb 14, 2024
SPES-579NP
Trent Jones
Robby Longest
Mike Broaddus
Stephanie Romelczyk
Scott Reiter
Roy Flanagan
Frank Long
Taylor Clarke
Bruce Jones
Elizabeth Cooper
Rebekah Slabach
Forrest Hobbs
Mike Parrish
Nathan Sedghi
Keith Balderson
Dwight Forrester
Prohexadione Calcium or Seed Aging?
Prohexadione Calcium or Seed Aging?
(PDF)
Peanut is a “cash” commodity for Virginians and most farmers grow this crop for certified seed. Seed quality and germination in particular are, therefore, very important. Even though the 2022 results were inconclusive, potential for prohexadione calcium to reduce germination and increase abnormal seedling production was clearly suggested by these data. The inconclusiveness could have been the result of a combination of factors, other than PC, affecting seed quality during storage. A differential response of the cultivars to both, seed aging and PC, was clearly suggested by our preliminary data. Evidence that PC may affect the seed quality, through seed weight, was also notable from the 2022 tests.
Feb 13, 2024
SPES-581NP
Maria Balota
Abhilash Chandel
Aerial Spectral Imagery to Determine Wheat Fertility Rate and Timing
Aerial Spectral Imagery to Determine Wheat Fertility Rate and Timing
(PDF)
An overview of how to use aerial spectral imagery to determine wheat fertility rate and timing.
Feb 22, 2024
SPES-582NP
Joseph Oakes
2023 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
2023 Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
(PDF)
Mar 13, 2024
SPES-588NP
W. Hunter Frame
Sean Cummings
William Taylor
Faba Bean: A Multipurpose Specialty Crop for the Mid-Atlantic USA
Faba Bean: A Multipurpose Specialty Crop for the Mid-Atlantic USA
(PDF)
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava bean, broad bean, horse bean, or Windsor bean, is a leguminous crop used as food, feed, forage, or cover crop in different parts of the world. This crop can be used for food, feed, and as a ground cover crop. It is highly nutritious and has high protein content, the second after soybean when comparing with the common grown legumes including, dry beans, lentils, peas, cowpeas, and chickpeas. The high protein content makes faba bean an excellent source for plant-based foods, like meat and milk. Compared to the other cool-season legumes such as pea and lupin, faba bean can attain and fix substantially more nitrogen from the atmosphere to soil. Because of temperature increase during summer, a winter crop can ensure cropping system diversification while minimizing the negative effects of summer heat on yield and economic return, and this crop can potentially be faba bean. A USDA-funded project at the Virginia Tech’ s Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center (TAREC) in Suffolk, VA, is focused on introduction of faba bean as a winter seed crop with multiple benefits for the Mid-Atlantic cropping systems. The project includes collaborators from the University of Maryland, University of Delaware, North Carolina State University, and University of Georgia, in addition to the Virginia State University and Virginia Tech. Started in 2023 and lasting until 2027, the project will address objectives related to cultivar development through breeding, genetics and physiological strategies, identification of the best agronomic practices to maximize yield and economic return, economic and marketing logistics, and consumer acceptance. As the results became available, the PI will provide updates on this new crop for the region.
Mar 26, 2024
SPES-590NP
Rahul Raman
Maria Balota
Abhilash Chandel
Pius Jjagwe
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results 2023: Agronomic and Grade Data
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results 2023: Agronomic and Grade Data
(PDF)
In 2023, PVQE included 34 genotypes: 5 commercial varieties, including ‘Bailey II’,’ Emery’, ‘NC 20’, ‘Sullivan’ and ‘Walton’; and 25 advanced breeding lines developed by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program and 4 advanced breeding lines developed by the University of Florida (Table 1). All breeding lines have the ‘high oleic acid’ characteristic. Cultivars and lines were planted from May 9 through June 15 at four locations: Tidewater AREC in Suffolk, VA, Slade Farm near Williamston, Martin Co., NC, the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station (UCPRS) near Rocky Mount, NC, and the Edisto Research and Education Center (EREC) in Blackville, SC.
SPES-591NP
Dan Anco
Jeffrey Dunne
Fitz Cherry
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2023
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2023
(PDF)
The 2023 Virginia performance trials of commercial corn hybrids were conducted at six locations: Blacksburg, Holland, Blackstone, Orange, Shenandoah, and Mt. Holly. Corn was planted with a Wintersteiger PlotKing 2600 planter, and harvested at maturity with a Massey-Ferguson 8XP plot combine harvester. Plot grain weights (lb/ac), grain test weight (lb/bu), at grain moisture (%) were measured with a GrainGage® by HarvestMaster. Plot grain weights have been adjusted to a standardized moisture content of 15.5%. Statistical analysis was done to determine what differences were significant.
Oct 9, 2024
SPES-625NP
Caleb Bishop
Nicholas Santantonio
Joshua Mott
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Jitender Rathore
Olga Walsh
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2024
Virginia Soybean Performance Tests 2024
(PDF)
Summary report of the 2024 official soybean variety trials conducted by the soybean agronomy program. Results include yield and seed quality for each of the four full-season and two double-crop trial locations.
Jan 10, 2025
SPES-649NP
Carrie Ortel
Christopher Buck
Erin Myers
Ronald Daughtrey
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2024
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2024
(PDF)
This report presents results from barley and wheat trials conducted in Virginia in 2023-2024. In Virginia, small grain cultivar performance trials are conducted each year by the Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. The trials provide information to assist Virginia Cooperative Extension Service agents in formulating cultivar recommendations for small grain producers and to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state. Yield data are reported for individual locations, and across locations and years. Performance of a given variety often varies widely over locations and years which makes multiple location-year averages a more reliable indication of expected performance than data from a single year or location. Details about management practices for barley and wheat are listed for each experiment location.
Oct 15, 2025
SPES-650NP (SPES-745NP)
Nicholas Santantonio
Caleb Bishop
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
2024 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
2024 Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research
(PDF)
These demonstration and research results are a collaborative effort of Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) Agents and Specialists, Virginia producers, and agribusiness. The purpose of this publication is to provide research-based information to aid in the decision-making process for soybean producers in Virginia. It provides an unbiased evaluation of varieties, management practices, and new technologies through on-farm replicated research using producer equipment and time. These experiments enable producers to make better management decisions based on research and provide greater opportunities to improve yields and profits, which improves quality of life for them and their families.
Feb 4, 2025
SPES-662NP
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Taylor Clarke
Helene Doughty
Roy Flanagan
Mackenzie Gunn
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Trent Jones
Robby Longest
Theresa Pittman
Nathan Sedghi
Megan Williams
David Langston
Carrie Ortel
The Toll of Mid-Season Heat and Drought on Peanut Yield and Grade in Virginia
The Toll of Mid-Season Heat and Drought on Peanut Yield and Grade in Virginia
(PDF)
Mid-season heat and drought stress (HS+DS) severely impacts peanut growth, slashing yields by up to 50% and degrading kernel quality—key factors in market pricing. For Virginia-type peanuts, which command premium prices due to their large kernel size and superior grade (especially the "fancy" classification), HS+DS reduces both yield and percentage of total sound mature kernels (TSMK). This dual loss directly undermines profitability, as poor grades can offset gains from high productivity. With grade standards serving as a critical benchmark for growers and shellers, mitigating HS+DS is essential to preserving both yield and market value. This article discusses the effects of HS+DS on peanut yield and grade and highlights the importance of this combined stress.
SPES-672NP
Ranadheer Reddy Vennam
Maria Balota
Does Prohexadione Calcium Increase Peanut Yields?
Does Prohexadione Calcium Increase Peanut Yields?
(PDF)
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has a spreading growth habit with lateral branches completely covering the ground at harvest. The current Virginia-type cultivars Bailey II, Emery, Sullivan, N.C. 20, and Walton have shown abundant vine growth under Virginia climate. While this is a positive thing, e.g. more biomass production can support higher yields, growers that do not use RTK guidance may be unable to see the rows for efficient vine digging and inversion. In short, under pressure from inverter set off the rows, pods can shed from the vines and yield can be lost.
Mar 26, 2025
SPES-675NP
Maria Balota
Considerations for Successful Tissue Testing in Soybeans
Considerations for Successful Tissue Testing in Soybeans
(PDF)
Tissue testing is an effective method for quantifying crop nutrient concentrations in-season and is becoming increasingly popular in soybeans as yield goals continue to rise. To ensure accurate nutrient analysis, it is critical to minimize errors associated with both tissue sample collection and resulting interpretation. Obtaining accurate results involves collecting the correct plant part under optimal field conditions with adequate soil moisture, while also considering nutrient mobility when interpreting the results. With these considerations, tissue testing can be a valuable tool in managing plant nutrition.
Aug 11, 2025
SPES-716P
Carrie Ortel
Mark Reiter
Joseph Haymaker
Considerations for the Mechanical Harvest of Edamame
Considerations for the Mechanical Harvest of Edamame
(PDF)
Vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a popular component of Asian cuisine in the United States of America (USA). Vegetable soybean is better known by its Japanese name, “edamame,” where it has been cultivated and consumed for centuries, with the first written account of the word in 1275 AD. Increased financial, production, legal, labor, and market risks as a specialty vegetable crop, lack of processing infrastructure, labor expenses, market distribution, and challenges with mechanical harvesting have caused domestic production to lag behind market demand increases. This publication investigates mechanical harvest of this high-value edible soybean crop.
Jul 21, 2025
SPES-719NP
Thomas B. Badon
Scott Reiter
Bo Zhang
John E. Mason
Selecting an Appropriate Planting Date for Winter Wheat
Selecting an Appropriate Planting Date for Winter Wheat
(PDF)
The planting date is a key component of winter wheat production in Virginia, as it can influence both early tiller development and susceptibility to damage resulting from freeze events later in the spring. Early leaf and tiller development is vital as the number of tillers per plant is a critical yield component. Developing healthy fall tillers is one of the most important aspects for high wheat yields since research has shown that tillers that develop in the fall before January 1 contribute approximately 87% of grain yield. These fall tillers produce spikes with large kernels. It takes approximately 300-400 growing degree days (GDD) for the wheat plant to produce its first tiller.
Sep 9, 2025
SPES-730NP
Joseph Oakes
Robby Longest
Preplant Control of Horseweed in Soybeans
Preplant Control of Horseweed in Soybeans
(PDF)
Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis), also known as marestail, is a troublesome weed commonly found in soybean crops in the mid-Atlantic region. This weed produces up to 200,000 seeds per plant, has become resistant to a variety of herbicides, and has a large germination window (Pittman, 2021). It is now more frequently encountered due to the increased implementation of no-till farming (Chahal & Jhala, 2019). Horseweed at 9 to 20 plants per square foot can result in a decrease in soybean yield by 71% to 98% (Bruce & Kells, 1990).
Sep 25, 2025
SPES-736NP
Jenna Beville
Michael Flessner
Virginia On-Farm Wheat Test Plots 2025
Virginia On-Farm Wheat Test Plots 2025
(PDF)
The On-Farm Wheat Variety and Research Test Plots results presented in this publication are a collaborative effort between Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) Agents and Specialists, producer-cooperators, and agribusinesses to provide research-based information and results on not only variety selection and performance, but other emerging management practices of interest through replicated on-farm trials to assist producers in making sound agronomic management decisions based on unbiased information. Introduction
Nov 7, 2025
SPES-737NP
Robby Longest
Trent Jones
Scott Reiter
Roy Flanagan
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Turner Minx
Joseph Oakes
Virginia Small Grains Forage Trials, 2023
Virginia Small Grains Forage Trials, 2023
(PDF)
A forage production trial of commercial barley, oats, rye, triticale, and wheat cultivars has been conducted yearly since 1994 at the Northern Piedmont Center, Orange. Results from the 2022-23 crop season are presented in this report.
Oct 14, 2025
SPES-738NP
Caleb Bishop
Greg Lillard
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia Small Grain Forage Trials, 2024
Virginia Small Grain Forage Trials, 2024
(PDF)
A forage production trial of commercial barley, oats, rye, triticale, and wheat cultivars has been conducted yearly since 1994 at the Northern Piedmont Center, Orange, VA. Results from the 2023-24 crop season are presented in this report.
Oct 9, 2025
SPES-739NP
Caleb Bishop
Greg Lillard
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2024
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2024
(PDF)
The 2024 Virginia performance trials of commercial corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were conducted at six dryland locations; Blacksburg, Montgomery Co., Holland, Nansemond Co. Blackstone, Nottoway Co., Orange, Orange Co., Mt. Holly, Westmoreland Co., Shenandoah, Page Co., and one irrigated location - Mt. Holly, Westmoreland Co. At all locations, corn was planted with a Wintersteiger PlotKing 2600 planter (Wintersteiger Inc., Salt Lake City, UT). At all locations, corn was harvested at maturity with a Massey-Ferguson 8XP plot combine harvester (Massey Ferugson, Duluth, GA). Plot grain weights (lb/ac), grain test weight (lb/bu), grain moisture (%) were measured with a GrainGage® by HarvestMaster (Juniper Systems, Logan, UT, USA). Plot grain weights have been adjusted to a standardized moisture content of 15.5%. Days to maturity provided by company; differences in maturity rating methods may exist between companies.
Dec 18, 2025
SPES-741NP
Caleb Bishop
Jitender Rathore
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2023
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2023
(PDF)
This report presents results from barley and wheat trials conducted in Virginia in 2022-2023. In Virginia, small grain cultivar performance trials are conducted each year by the Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. The trials provide information to assist Virginia Cooperative Extension Service agents in formulating cultivar recommendations for small grain producers and to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state. Yield data are reported for individual locations, and across locations and years. Performance of a given variety often varies widely over locations and years which makes multiple location-year averages a more reliable indication of expected performance than data from a single year or location. Details about management practices for barley and wheat are listed for each experiment location.
Nov 11, 2025
SPES-742NP
Nicholas Santantonio
Caleb Bishop
Limei Liu
John Seago
Felipe Sabadin
Aarati Khulal
Sheetal Kumari
Jitender Rathore
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2025
Virginia Small Grain Official Variety Trials, 2025
(PDF)
This report presents results from barley and wheat trials conducted in Virginia in 2023-2024. In Virginia, small grain cultivar performance trials are conducted each year by the Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. The trials provide information to assist Virginia Cooperative Extension Service agents in formulating cultivar recommendations for small grain producers and to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state. Yield data are reported for individual locations, and across locations and years. Performance of a given variety often varies widely over locations and years which makes multiple location-year averages a more reliable indication of expected performance than data from a single year or location.
Dec 18, 2025
SPES-746NP
Nicholas Santantonio
Limei Liu
Alexis Perry
John Seago
Joseph Oakes
Caleb Bishop
Olga Walsh
When to Fly a Drone for Accurate Corn Yield Potential Prediction
When to Fly a Drone for Accurate Corn Yield Potential Prediction
(PDF)
Accurate yield potential prediction helps to understand crop responses to different environmental factors, supports informed decisions for farmers. Knowing anticipated yield levels enables growers to optimize resource allocation, improve management practices, and plan harvest. It helps to guide crop insurance and marketing activities, and aids in securing better financial opportunities. This publication provides guidance on using drones for yield potential prediction in corn.
SPES-752NP
Aarati Khulal
Olga Walsh
Virginia Soybean Variety Performance Tests 2025
Virginia Soybean Variety Performance Trials 2025
(PDF)
A summary of the soybean official variety trials (OVT) conducted by the Virginia Tech soybean agronomy team in 2025, providing unbiased performance data of commercially available soybean varieties.
Dec 15, 2025
SPES-753NP
Carrie Ortel
Erin Myers
Christopher Buck
Virginia Corn Silage Trials, 2025
Virginia Corn Silage Trials, 2025
(PDF)
This report presents an annual summary of corn silage hybrids testing in Virginia.
Dec 19, 2025
SPES-754NP
Caleb Bishop
Olga Walsh
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2025
Virginia Corn Hybrid Trials in 2025
(PDF)
The 2025 Virginia performance trials of commercial corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were conducted at six dryland locations; Blacksburg, Montgomery Co., Holland, Nansemond Co. Blackstone, Nottoway Co., Orange, Orange Co., Painter, Accomack Co., Mt. Holly, Westmoreland Co., Shenandoah, Page Co., and one irrigated location - Mt. Holly, Westmoreland Co.
Dec 22, 2025
SPES-758NP
Caleb Bishop
Jitender Rathore
Sheetal Kumari
Matthew J. Wright
Olga Walsh
Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research 2025
Virginia On-Farm Soybean Research 2025
(PDF)
These demonstration and research results are a collaborative effort of Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) Agents and Specialists, Virginia producers, and agribusiness. The purpose of this publication is to provide research-based information to aid in the decision-making process for soybean producers in Virginia. It provides an unbiased evaluation of varieties, management practices, and new technologies through on-farm replicated research using producer equipment and time. These experiments enable producers to make better management decisions based on research and provide greater opportunities to improve yields and profits, which improves quality of life for them and their families.
Jan 7, 2026
SPES-761NP
Scott Reiter
Stephanie Romelczyk
Taylor Clarke
Elizabeth Cooper
Helene Doughty
Roy Flanagan
Joanne Jones
Frank Long
Robby Longest
Nathan Sedghi
Joseph Oakes
Carrie Ortel
Soybean Variety Selection Tool
Soybean Variety Selection Tool
(HTML)
The relative yield data includes the official variety trials (OVT) and on-farm variety trials of the current year. OVT data is from replicated, small-plot research conducted on VT experiment stations across the state. On-farm variety trials are not replicated at each site but are grown in large strip plots on farmer fields across the state. Soybean Variety Selection Tool assists in choosing high-performing cultivars tailored to local conditions.
Jan 8, 2026
SPES-762NP
Carrie Ortel
Chris Mitchell
Erin Myers
Suzanne Pruitt
2025 Virginia On-Farm Corn Research
On Farm Corn Research 2025
(PDF)
The research and demonstration plots discussed in this publication are a cooperative effort by Virginia Cooperative Extension employees, Virginia Tech and Virginia State University, numerous producers, and many members of the Virginia agribusiness community. The fieldwork and printing of this publication are mainly supported by the Virginia Corn Check-Off Fund through the Virginia Corn Board. This is the forty-second year of this multi-county cooperative project. Further work is planned for 2026. Anyone who would like a physical copy of this publication should contact their local extension office, who can request a copy from the VCE Northumberland County Office.
Jan 22, 2026
SPES-763NP
Trent Jones
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Scott Reiter
Roy Flanagan
Frank Long
Taylor Clarke
Bruce Jones
Joanne Jones
Nathan Sedghi
Turner Minx
Andrea Slye
Greg Lillard
Joseph Oakes
Carrie Ortel
Makenzie VanLandingham
Caleb Bishop
W. Hunter Frame
Herbicide Plant-Back and Postemergence Restrictions for Forage Crops
Herbicide Plant-Back and Postemergence Restrictions for Forage Crops
(PDF)
A series of charts summarizing label and manufacturer guidelines for plantback and early postemergence restrictions when establishing various forage crops.
Apr 20, 2026
SPES-786NP
Matt Booher
2025 Official Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
2025 Official Cotton Variety Testing and On-Farm Results
(PDF)
The official cotton variety testing program (OVT) evaluates the performance of commercial and experimental cotton varieties. This publication is the 2025 results for the Official Variety Testing Program and On-Farm Testing Program.
Mar 3, 2026
SPES-787NP
W. Hunter Frame
Guy “Allen” Savage, Jr.
Janessa Fiorenza
Brandt Tate
Weed Management Strategies in Potato
Weed Management Strategies in Potato
(PDF)
The Accomack and Northampton counties in the Eastern Shore of Virginia produce about 80% of Virginia’s total potato crop (Northampton County, 2023). Keeping the weeds under check is one of most important prerequisites in achieving satisfactory potato yields. Weed infestation and herbicide resistance are continuously haunting the growers owing to the lesser number of viable herbicide options than before. The menace of weeds in the upcoming season depends to a larger extent on the practices being followed over the previous years and can be prevented by certain practices planned well in advance.
Mar 18, 2026
SPES-791NP
Akash Brar
Vijay Singh
VCE AG Today: Soybean pest update
VCE AG Today: Soybean pest update
(HTML)
Feb 13, 2022
VCE-1027-57NP
Sally V. Taylor
David Langston
VCE AG Today: Soybean Variety Selection Tool
VCE AG Today: Soybean Variety Selection Tool
(HTML)
Feb 10, 2022
VCE-1027-59NP
David Holshouser
VCE AG Today: High Fertilizer Prices; Why?
VCE AG Today: High Fertilizer Prices; Why?
(HTML)
Feb 7, 2022
VCE-1027-61NP
Olga Insegildina-Massa
Patrick Kayser
Jayson Gill
VCE AG Today: Tips For Starting the Vegetable Season off Right
VCE AG Today: Tips For Starting the Vegetable Season off Right
(HTML)
Feb 10, 2022
VCE-1027-62NP
Emmanuel Torres Quezada
VCE Ag Today: Commodity Market Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-1NP
John Bovay
Olga Insegildina-Massa
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Fertility Update in Corn and Soybeans
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
Mar 25, 2021
VCE-1027-10NP
Mark Reiter
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
VCE Ag Today: Irrigation Tips for Row Crops
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices. If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu. Presenter: Julie Shortridge, Virginia Cooperative Extension.
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-12NP
Julie Shortridge
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Herbicide Resistant Management Update
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices. If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu. Presenter: Michael Flessner, Virginia Cooperative Extension.
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-14NP
Michael Flessner
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Disease Management of Corn and Soybeans
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-15NP
David Langston
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Pesticide Updates
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu.
Mar 1, 2021
VCE-1027-16
VCE Ag Today - Soybean Arthropod Pest Management
Video
(HTML)
Apr 9, 2021
VCE-1027-17NP
Sally V. Taylor
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Cover Crop Considerations for Fall Planting
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
Mar 25, 2021
VCE-1027-18NP
Keith Balderson
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
VCE Ag Today: Getting Ready for Corn Harvest
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-19NP
Robert Grisso
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Spring Small Grain Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-2NP
Wade E. Thomason
Sally V. Taylor
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Late Summer Pasture Management
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-20NP
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Increasing Grazing Days in Eastern Virginia
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-21NP
Carl Stafford
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Planning for Small Grain Planting
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-22NP
Wade E. Thomason
Paul H. Davis
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Corn Drying and Storage
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-23NP
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Palmer Amaranth ID and Control
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu. Presenter: Michael Flessner
Mar 25, 2021
VCE-1027-24NP
Michael Flessner
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
VCE Ag Today: Safety of Biosolids Use
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-27NP
Greg Evanylo
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Spotted Lanternfly – A Threat to Virginia?
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-30NP
Eric R. Day
Mark Sutphin
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Fall Vegetable Pest Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-31NP
Steve Rideout
Thomas P. Kuhar
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE AG Today - Basics of Grain Marketing
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
Mar 23, 2021
VCE-1027-32NP
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE AG Today - Dicamba Update
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
Mar 23, 2021
VCE-1027-33NP
Michael Flessner
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Row Crop Insect and Disease Update
Apr 1, 2021
VCE-1027-35
David Langston
Sally V. Taylor
VCE Ag Today: Small Grain and Rapeseed Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-36NP
Wade E. Thomason
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Soybean Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 9, 2021
VCE-1027-37NP
David Holshouser
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Small Grains Update
Video
(HTML)
May 7, 2021
VCE-1027-41NP
Wade E. Thomason
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today - Agricultural Drainage
Video
(HTML)
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices. If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu.
Apr 2, 2021
VCE-1027-42NP
Zachary M. Easton
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Grow Award - Winning Hay
Video
(HTML)
May 5, 2021
VCE-1027-47NP
Katie Payne
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Understanding Spray Water Chemistry
Video
(HTML)
May 7, 2021
VCE-1027-48NP
Doug Horn
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
Mike Broaddus
VCE Ag Today: Market Update
Video
(HTML)
Jul 5, 2021
VCE-1027-49NP
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Soybean Update
Video
(HTML)
Apr 12, 2021
VCE-1027-5NP
David Holshouser
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Cucurbit Management
Video
(HTML)
Jul 5, 2021
VCE-1027-51NP
Steve Rideout
Thomas P. Kuhar
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Virginia Pesticide Collection Programs
Video
(HTML)
Nov 10, 2021
VCE-1027-52NP
Jeffrey Rogers
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Weed Control in Pastures
Video
(HTML)
Nov 10, 2021
VCE-1027-55NP
Michael Flessner
Stephanie Romelczyk
Robby Longest
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Post-plant Strawberry Disease Management in Fall and Winter
Video
(HTML)
Nov 10, 2021
VCE-1027-56NP
Jayesh Samtani
Stephanie Romelczyk
Robby Longest
Trent Jones
VCE Ag Today: Hot Topics in Commercial Horticulture
Mar 25, 2021
VCE-1027-6NP
Thomas P. Kuhar
Steve Rideout
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
VCE Ag Today: Hot Topics in Weed Management
VCE AG TODAY is a weekly webinar that provides updates on agricultural practices.
If you have any questions, please reach out to your local Extension office or visit www.ext.vt.edu. Presenter: Michael Flessner.
Mar 25, 2021
VCE-1027-7NP
Michael Flessner
Laura Maxey-Nay
Robby Longest
Stephanie Romelczyk
Pesticide Applicator Manuals
Dec 17, 2021
VTTP-2
Dana Beegle