Cite web

Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	'; '
	v; t; e;

Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

This template is used on many pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

This template is used by the standard installation of AutoWikiBrowser (AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at Wikipedia talk:AWB as a courtesy.

This template uses Lua:

Module:Citation/CS1

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then Template:Purge the page.

Most-commonly-used parameters in horizontal format
For references with author credit `{{cite web \|url= \|title= \|last= \|first= \|date= \|website= \|publisher= \|access-date= \|quote=}}` For references without author credit `{{cite web \|url= \|title= \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= \|website= \|publisher= \|access-date= \|quote=}}`

Most-commonly-used parameters in vertical format
{{cite web \|url= \|title= \|last= \|first= \|date= \|website= \|publisher= \|access-date= \|quote=}}

Full parameter set in horizontal format
{{cite web \|url= \|url-access= \|title= \|last= \|first= \|author= \|author-link= \|last2= \|first2= \|author2= \|author-link2= \|date= \|year= \|orig-date= \|editor-last= \|editor-first= \|editor= \|editor-link= \|editor-last2= \|editor-first2= \|editor-link2= \|editors= \|department= \|website= \|series= \|publisher= \|agency= \|location= \|page= \|pages= \|at= \|language= \|script-title= \|trans-title= \|type= \|format= \|arxiv= \|asin= \|bibcode= \|doi= \|doi-broken-date= \|isbn= \|issn= \|jfm= \|jstor= \|lccn= \|mr= \|oclc= \|ol= \|osti= \|pmc= \|pmid= \|rfc= \|ssrn= \|zbl= \|id= \|access-date= \|url-status= \|archive-url= \|archive-date= \|via= \|quote= \|ref= \|postscript=}}

Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes

{{cite web
 |url=
 |url-access=
 |title=
 |last=
 |first=
 |author-link=
 |last2=
 |first2=
 |author-link2=
 |date=
 |year=
 |orig-date=
 |editor-last=
 |editor-first=
 |editor-link=
 |editor2-last=
 |editor2-first=
 |editor2-link=
 |department=
 |website=
 |series=
 |publisher=
 |agency=
 |location=
 |page=
 |pages=
 |at=
 |language=
 |script-title=
 |trans-title=
 |type=
 |format=
 |arxiv=
 |asin=
 |bibcode=
 |doi=
 |doi-broken-date=
 |isbn=
 |issn=
 |jfm=
 |jstor=
 |lccn=
 |mr=
 |oclc=
 |ol=
 |osti=
 |pmc=
 |pmid=
 |rfc=
 |ssrn=
 |zbl=
 |id=
 |access-date=
 |url-status=
 |archive-url=
 |archive-date=
 |via=
 |quote=
 |ref=
 |postscript=}}

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last
 
last
last2
 
 
 
 
 
editor-last
 
editor-last
editor2-last
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
url 
url 
url, archive-date
archive-url

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required
 
required

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Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news

Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of Template:Diff, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:

{{cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
{{cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Template:Slink; see also {{cite magazine}}).

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

cite web:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Trat ite ai May 26, 2015.
cite news:	Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Trat ite ai May 26, 2015.

Examples

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"My Favorite Things, Part II". Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"NFL Rules Digest". NFL Football Operations. National Football League. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

Using "format="

When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))

{{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

{{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"Some PDF Document" (PDF). Sample Int'l. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.

{{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"Some ODT Document" (ODT). Sample Int'l. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

Foreign language and translated title

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=25 auril 2026 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (per franzesc). Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

Using author-link

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

Multiple authors

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

No author

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

No author, no publisher

{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=25 auril 2026}}
"Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.
{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=25 auril 2026 |language=el}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (per grech). 2005-04-30. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived

By default, if "archive-url" is used, |url-status=dead and the main link is to the archive:

{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=25 auril 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
"List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 2005-04-30. Archivià da l uriginel (PDF) ai 2005-09-07. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.

With |url-status=live, the main link is to the original:

{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive) |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 18, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}
"DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. September 18, 2015. Archivià dal uriginel ai October 22, 2015. Trat ite ai September 21, 2015.

With |url-status=unfit or usurped, the original is not linked at all:

{{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=25 auril 2026 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011}}
"London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archivià dal uriginel ai 19 May 2011. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

Using quote

{{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=25 auril 2026 |quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}
"Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Trat ite ai 25 auril 2026. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

parent
OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

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COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, or  , should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

|periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
|chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
|title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
|publication-place=, |place=, |location=
|date=, |year=, |publication-date=
|series=, |version=
|volume=, |issue=, |number=
|page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=, |institution=
|url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
|author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
|author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

What's new

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Deprecated

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Description

Authors

last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of |first= and |last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.

first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and Template:Notatypo suffixes only in accordance with and use honorifics only in accordance with .

OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....

author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.

OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.

name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
- author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
Template:Xtd: deprecated ~~Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.~~
translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
- translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
- translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
Note: When using Template:Sfnote or Template:Paren styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

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language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Template:Cl. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Date

date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.Template:R/ref Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.

Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,^[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Template:Citation Style documentation/auto-date-format

year: Year of publication. The more flexible |date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date= parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
1. Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a CITEREF disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

mdy – as above for month day, year format

ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.

Website

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Publisher

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Series

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In-source locations

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URL

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Anchor

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Identifiers

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Quote

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Editors

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Lay summary

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Display options

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Subscription or registration required

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TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite web

Parametri template[Modifica dati del modello]
Questo template ha una formattazione personalizzata.
Parametro		Descrizione	Tipo	Stato
Last name	`last` `last1` `author` `author1` `author1-last` `author-last` `surname1` `author-last1` `subject1` `surname` `author-last` `subject`	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Linea	consigliato
First name	`first` `given` `author-first` `first1` `given1` `author-first1` `author1-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Linea	consigliato
Author link	`author-link` `author-link1` `author1-link` `subject-link` `subject-link1` `subject1-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 2	`last2` `author2`	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 2	`first2`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 2	`author-link2` `author2-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 3	`last3` `author3`	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 3	`first3`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 3	`author-link3` `author3-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 4	`last4` `author4`	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 4	`first4`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 4	`author-link4` `author4-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 5	`last5` `author5`	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 5	`first5`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 5	`author-link5` `author5-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 6	`last6` `author6`	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 6	`first6`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 6	`author-link6` `author6-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 7	`last7` `author7`	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 7	`first7`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 7	`author-link7` `author7-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 8	`last8` `author8`	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 8	`first8`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 8	`author-link8` `author8-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Last name 9	`last9` `author9`	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	Linea	facoltativo
First name 9	`first9`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Author link 9	`author-link9` `author9-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Authors list	`authors` `people` `host`	List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.	Stringa	facoltativo
Author mask	`author-mask`	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	Stringa	facoltativo
Display authors	`display-authors`	Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: \|display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. \|display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al.	Stringa	facoltativo
Name list style	`name-list-style`	Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. Valori suggeriti `amp` `and` `vanc`	Stringa	facoltativo
Source date	`date`	Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink	Data	consigliato
Year of publication	`year`	Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter	Stringa	facoltativo
Original date	`orig-date`	Original date of publication; provide specifics	Stringa	facoltativo
Editor last name	`editor-last` `editor1-last` `editor`	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name	`editor-first` `editor1-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link	`editor-link` `editor1-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 2	`editor2-last` `editor2`	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 2	`editor2-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 2	`editor2-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 3	`editor3-last` `editor3`	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 3	`editor3-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 3	`editor3-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 4	`editor4-last` `editor4`	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 4	`editor4-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 4	`editor4-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 5	`editor5-last` `editor5`	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 5	`editor5-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 5	`editor5-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 6	`editor6-last` `editor6`	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 6	`editor6-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 6	`editor6-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 7	`editor7-last` `editor7`	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 7	`editor7-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 7	`editor7-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 8	`editor8-last` `editor8`	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 8	`editor8-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 8	`editor8-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Editor last name 9	`editor9-last` `editor9`	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor first name 9	`editor9-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.	Linea	facoltativo
Editor link 9	`editor9-link`	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.	Nome della pagina	facoltativo
Others	`others`	Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'	Stringa	facoltativo
Title	`title`	The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.	Stringa	obbligatorio
Script title	`script-title`	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: \|script-title=ja:...	Stringa	facoltativo
Translated title	`trans-title`	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	Stringa	facoltativo
URL	`url` `URL`	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..." Esempio https://www.metacritic.com//...	URL	obbligatorio
URL access level	`url-access`	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') Valori suggeriti `registration` `subscription` `limited`	Stringa	facoltativo
URL status	`url-status`	If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. Valori suggeriti `dead` `live` `usurped` `unfit` Predefinito 'dead' if an Archive URL is entered Esempio 'dead' or 'live'	Stringa	consigliato
Archive URL	`archive-url`	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' Valore automatico	URL	consigliato
Archive date	`archive-date`	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	Data	consigliato
Archive format	`archive-format`	Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	Stringa	facoltativo
URL access date	`access-date`	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	Data	consigliato
Name of the website	`website` `work`	Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases. Esempio [[Rotten Tomatoes]]	Stringa	consigliato
Series identifier	`series`	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal	Stringa	facoltativo
Publisher	`publisher`	Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases. Esempio [[CBS Interactive]] (which owns "Metacritic.com")	Stringa	facoltativo
Location of publication	`location`	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	Stringa	facoltativo
Page	`page`	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	Stringa	facoltativo
Pages	`pages`	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'	Stringa	facoltativo
At	`at`	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	Stringa	facoltativo
Language	`language` `lang`	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one) Esempio de, fr, es	Stringa	facoltativo
Type	`type`	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	Stringa	facoltativo
Format	`format`	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	Stringa	facoltativo
Place of publication	`publication-place`	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	Stringa	facoltativo
Publication date	`publication-date`	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	Data	facoltativo
Published via	`via`	Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. Esempio [[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]]	Stringa	facoltativo
No pp	`no-pp`	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') Valore automatico `y`	Booleano	facoltativo
arXiv identifier	`arxiv`	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	Stringa	facoltativo
ASIN	`asin`	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	Stringa	facoltativo
ASIN TLD	`asin-tld`	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	Stringa	facoltativo
Bibcode	`bibcode`	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	Stringa	facoltativo
biorXiv	`biorxiv`	biorXiv identifier; 6 digits	Linea	facoltativo
CiteSeerX	`citeseerx`	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	Linea	facoltativo
DOI	`doi`	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	Stringa	facoltativo
DOI broken date	`doi-broken-date`	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Valore automatico	Data	facoltativo
ISBN	`isbn`	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	Stringa	facoltativo
ISSN	`issn`	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	Stringa	facoltativo
jfm code	`jfm`	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	Stringa	facoltativo
JSTOR	`jstor`	JSTOR identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
LCCN	`lccn`	Library of Congress Control Number	Stringa	facoltativo
MR	`mr`	Mathematical Reviews identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
OCLC	`oclc`	Online Computer Library Center number	Stringa	facoltativo
OL	`ol`	Open Library identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
OSTI	`osti`	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
PMC	`pmc`	PubMed Center article number	Stringa	facoltativo
PMID	`pmid`	PubMed Unique Identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
RFC	`rfc`	Request for Comments number	Stringa	facoltativo
SSRN	`ssrn`	Social Science Research Network	Stringa	facoltativo
Zbl	`zbl`	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	Stringa	facoltativo
id	`id`	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	Stringa	facoltativo
Quote	`quote`	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation	Stringa	facoltativo
Ref	`ref`	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references	Stringa	facoltativo
Postscript	`postscript`	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined Predefinito .	Stringa	facoltativo
Edition	`edition`	Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'	Stringa	facoltativo
Bibcode access level	`bibcode-access`	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo
DOI access level	`doi-access`	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo
HDL access level	`hdl-access`	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo
Jstor access level	`jstor-access`	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo
OpenLibrary access level	`ol-access`	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo
OSTI access level	`osti-access`	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. Valore automatico `free`	Stringa	facoltativo

Notes

Vollständigkeit der Einbindungen prüfen

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[date-1] Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See .

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