Books by Ulf-Dietrich Reips
The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology
Over one billion people use the Internet globally. Psychologists are beginning to understand what... more Over one billion people use the Internet globally. Psychologists are beginning to understand what people do online, and the impact being online has on behaviour. It's making us re-think many of our existing assumptions about what it means to be a social being. For instance, if we can talk, flirt, meet people and fall in love online, this challenges many of psychology's theories that intimacy or understanding requires physical co-presence.
"The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology" brings together many of the leading researchers in what can be termed 'Internet Psychology'. Though a very new area of research, it is growing at a phenomenal pace. In addition to well-studied areas of investigation, such as social identity theory, computer-mediated communication and virtual communities, the volume also includes chapters on topics as diverse as deception and misrepresentation, attitude change and persuasion online, Internet addiction, online relationships, privacy and trust, health and leisure use of the Internet, and the nature of interactivity.
With over 30 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled, and serves to define this emerging area of research. Uniquely, this content is supported by an entire section covering the use of the Internet as a research tool, including qualitative and quantitative methods, online survey design, personality testing, ethics, and technological and design issues. While it is likely to be a popular research resource to be 'dipped into', as a whole volume it is coherent and compelling enough to act as a single text book.
"The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology" is the definitive text on this burgeoning field. It will be an essential resource for anyone interested in the psychological aspects of Internet use, or planning to conduct research using the 'net'.
"The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology" brings together many of the leading researchers in what can be termed 'Internet Psychology'. Though a very new area of research, it is growing at a phenomenal pace. In addition to well-studied areas of investigation, such as social identity theory, computer-mediated communication and virtual communities, the volume also includes chapters on topics as diverse as deception and misrepresentation, attitude change and persuasion online, Internet addiction, online relationships, privacy and trust, health and leisure use of the Internet, and the nature of interactivity.
With over 30 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled, and serves to define this emerging area of research. Uniquely, this content is supported by an entire section covering the use of the Internet as a research tool, including qualitative and quantitative methods, online survey design, personality testing, ethics, and technological and design issues. While it is likely to be a popular research resource to be 'dipped into', as a whole volume it is coherent and compelling enough to act as a single text book.
"The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology" is the definitive text on this burgeoning field. It will be an essential resource for anyone interested in the psychological aspects of Internet use, or planning to conduct research using the 'net'.
Internet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit [Internet-based measurement of social desirability]
Werden Fragen in Untersuchungen wahrheitsgemäß beantwortet? Eine Fehlerquelle bei Befragungen ist... more Werden Fragen in Untersuchungen wahrheitsgemäß beantwortet? Eine Fehlerquelle bei Befragungen ist die Tendenz sozial erwünscht zu antworten - also der Versuch sich (auch sich selbst gegenüber) in einem besseren Licht darzustellen. Obwohl dies eine häufige Fehlerquelle für verzerrte Resultate in Befragungen ist, gibt es bisher fast keine Studien zur Auswirkung der Sozialen Erwünschtheit in Online-Untersuchungen. Da sich aber das Internet als Forschungsmittel sehr schnell ausbreitet, sollten auch die methodischen Fragestellungen, die sich mit diesem neuen Mediumstellen, geklärt werden. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Buches liegt daher bei Falschantworten durch die Tendenz sozial erwünscht zu antworten. Wird diese in Abhängigkeit vom Alter sowie durch Abfragen von persönlichen Daten, das Versprechen einer Belohnung und Fairness verändert? Am Beispiel der Internet-basierten Messung der Sozialen Erwünschtheit wird ausserdem ein umfassender Einblick in die Vor- und Nachteile von Online-Befragungen gegeben. Daher eignet sich dieses Buch sowohl für Einsteiger in das Themengebiet als auch für Experten zur Vertiefung und kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit Internet-Forschung.
Dimensions of Internet Science
Internet Science is a new and exciting interdisciplinary field. Its purpose is the conduct of emp... more Internet Science is a new and exciting interdisciplinary field. Its purpose is the conduct of empirical studies which examine the Internet as both an instrument for, and an object of, scientific investigation. This book is the first comprehensive collection of contributions to Internet Science appearing in English, written by highly respected experts from seven countries.
Contributions were subject to two rounds of double peer review. Among the reviewers were Joachim Funke (who reviewed the book as a whole), Bem Allen, Wolfgang Bandilla, Jonathan Baron, Gary L. Brase, David Budescu, Nicola Döring, Hardy Dreier, Markus Eisenhauer, Gregory Francis, Heike Gerdes, Michael Häder, Sabine Häder, Stevan Harnad, Heiko Hecht, John A. Johnson, Adam N. Joinson, Oliver Kirchkamp, Mike Mangan, Hans-Ullrich Mühlenfeld, Viktor Oubaid, Rüdiger Pohl, Knut Polkehn, Peter Reimann, Adrian Schwaninger, Volker Stocké, Joachim Stöber, Axel Theobald, Tracy Tuten, Charles Woods, Jörg Zumbach, and others who wish to remain anonymous.
Dimensions of Internet Science contains five specific sections.
Section I, ´Psychological Web Experiments and Web Questionnaire Studies´, is introduced by a chapter on setting up a laboratory for Internet Science, and then shows four examples of online research programs and Web studies from core areas in Psychology: Decision Making, Personality Assessment, Cognitive Psychology, and Evolutionary Psychology.
Section II, ´Studying Perception on the Net´ gives a vivid image of the extraordinary advantages and entertaining applications Internet Science has to offer, and provides solutions for potential problems with the use of graphical displays inherent in Internet Science (as well as many types of offline science).
Section III, ´Issues in Net-Based Survey Research´, deals with important methodological concerns associated with survey research conducted online, e.g., coverage and sampling problems, non-response, drop out, and measurement error. Additionally, approaches for the explanation and reduction of sources of survey error are presented in Section III.
The following contributions in Section IV, entitled ´Online Communication Research and E-Commerce´, are focused on understanding the unique potential of the Internet for (ex)change processes. These include communicative processes and the adoption of new media as specific forms of social exchange, as well as new challenges in retailing as some sort of economic exchange. Last but not least,
Section V deals with the ´kernel´ of every information society: knowledge and its acquisition. Accordingly, ´Knowledge Acquisition and Learning with the Net´, covers topics like the special features of Hypertext-based knowledge acquisition, social absence in distant learning settings, and virtual seminars.
Contents:
Psychological Web Experiments and Web Questionnaire Studies
Reips, U.-D. (Experimental and Developmental Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland): Merging Field and Institution: Running a Web Laboratory.
Birnbaum, M. H. (Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, U.S.A.): A Web-Based Program of Research and Decision Making.
Buchanan, T. (Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, England): Online Personality Assessment.
Schwarz, S. & Reips, U.-D. (University of Mannheim, Germany & University of Zürich, Switzerland). CGI Versus JavaScript: A Web Experiment on the Reversed Hindsight Bias.
Voracek, M., Stieger, S., & Gindl, A. (Dept. of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria). Online-Replication of Evolutionary Psychology Evidence: Sex Differences in Sexual Jealousy in Imagined Scenarios of Mate´s Sexual vs. Emotional Infidelity.
Studying Perception on the Net
Krantz, J. H. (Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana, U.S.A.): Stimulus Delivery on the Web: What can be Presented when Calibration isn't Possible.
Laugwitz, B. (University of Mannheim, Germany). A Web Experiment on Colour Harmony Principles Applied to Computer User Interface Design.
Ruppertsberg, A. I., Givaty, G., Van Veen, H. A. H. C., & Bülthoff, H. (Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany & Cytometrics Inc., Philadelphia, USA & TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, The Netherlands). Games as Research Tools for Visual Perception over the Internet.
Issues in Net-based Survey Research
Dillman, D. A. & Bowker, D. K. (Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA). The Web Questionnaire Challenge to Survey Methodologists.
Musch, J., Bröder, A., & Klauer, Ch. (University of Bonn, Germany): Improving Survey Research on the World-Wide Web Using the Randomized Response Technique.
Bosnjak, M. (ZUMA - Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen, Mannheim, Germany). Participation in Non-Restricted Web Surveys: A Typology and Explanatory Model for Item-Nonresponse.
Frick, A., Bächtiger, M. T., & Reips, U.-D. (Experimental and Developmental Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland): Financial Incentives, Personal Information and Drop-Out in Online Studies.
Knapp, F. & Heidingsfelder, M. (psyma online research GmbH, Rückersdorf & Rogator AG, Nürnberg, Germany): Drop-Out Analysis: Effects of Research Design.
Welker, M. (MFG Baden-Württemberg, Agency for Media and IT Development, Stuttgart, Germany). E-Mail Surveys: Non-Response Figures Reflected.
Online Communication Research and E-Commerce
Rössler, P., Klövekorn, N., & Rebuzzi, T. (University of Erfurt & Institute for Communication Science (ZW), Munich, Germany). How Do Web Communicators Work?
Beck, K. & Raulfs, A. (Lehrstuhl für Kommunikationswissenschaft, University of Erfurt, Germany): The Computer as a Medium for Media Integration: Experiences and Selected Findings of an International Online-Offline Delphi Survey.
Schmidt, I., Stark, B., & Döbler, T. (Institut für Marketing und Handel, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland & Fachbereich Kommunikationswissenschaft und Sozialforschung, University of Hohenheim, Germany): Electronic Commerce - The New Challenge in Retailing.
Knowledge Acquisition and Learning with the Net
Naumann, A., Waniek, J., & Krems, J. F. (Allgemeine Psychologie I und Arbeitspsychologie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany): Knowledge Acquisition, Navigation and Eye Movements from Text and Hypertext.
Paechter, M., Schweizer, K., & Weidenmann, B. (Universität der Bundeswehr, München, Germany). When the Tutor is Socially Present or Not. Evaluation of a Teletutor and Learning in a Virtual Seminar.
Utz, S. & Sassenberg, K. (Sociale Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands & University of Jena, Germany): Ties to a Virtual Seminar - The Role of Experience, Motives and Fulfillment of Expectations.
DIMENSIONS OF INTERNET SCIENCE
Ulf-Dietrich Reips & Michael Bosnjak (Eds.)
Pabst Science Publishers, 2001
Contributions were subject to two rounds of double peer review. Among the reviewers were Joachim Funke (who reviewed the book as a whole), Bem Allen, Wolfgang Bandilla, Jonathan Baron, Gary L. Brase, David Budescu, Nicola Döring, Hardy Dreier, Markus Eisenhauer, Gregory Francis, Heike Gerdes, Michael Häder, Sabine Häder, Stevan Harnad, Heiko Hecht, John A. Johnson, Adam N. Joinson, Oliver Kirchkamp, Mike Mangan, Hans-Ullrich Mühlenfeld, Viktor Oubaid, Rüdiger Pohl, Knut Polkehn, Peter Reimann, Adrian Schwaninger, Volker Stocké, Joachim Stöber, Axel Theobald, Tracy Tuten, Charles Woods, Jörg Zumbach, and others who wish to remain anonymous.
Dimensions of Internet Science contains five specific sections.
Section I, ´Psychological Web Experiments and Web Questionnaire Studies´, is introduced by a chapter on setting up a laboratory for Internet Science, and then shows four examples of online research programs and Web studies from core areas in Psychology: Decision Making, Personality Assessment, Cognitive Psychology, and Evolutionary Psychology.
Section II, ´Studying Perception on the Net´ gives a vivid image of the extraordinary advantages and entertaining applications Internet Science has to offer, and provides solutions for potential problems with the use of graphical displays inherent in Internet Science (as well as many types of offline science).
Section III, ´Issues in Net-Based Survey Research´, deals with important methodological concerns associated with survey research conducted online, e.g., coverage and sampling problems, non-response, drop out, and measurement error. Additionally, approaches for the explanation and reduction of sources of survey error are presented in Section III.
The following contributions in Section IV, entitled ´Online Communication Research and E-Commerce´, are focused on understanding the unique potential of the Internet for (ex)change processes. These include communicative processes and the adoption of new media as specific forms of social exchange, as well as new challenges in retailing as some sort of economic exchange. Last but not least,
Section V deals with the ´kernel´ of every information society: knowledge and its acquisition. Accordingly, ´Knowledge Acquisition and Learning with the Net´, covers topics like the special features of Hypertext-based knowledge acquisition, social absence in distant learning settings, and virtual seminars.
Contents:
Psychological Web Experiments and Web Questionnaire Studies
Reips, U.-D. (Experimental and Developmental Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland): Merging Field and Institution: Running a Web Laboratory.
Birnbaum, M. H. (Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, U.S.A.): A Web-Based Program of Research and Decision Making.
Buchanan, T. (Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, England): Online Personality Assessment.
Schwarz, S. & Reips, U.-D. (University of Mannheim, Germany & University of Zürich, Switzerland). CGI Versus JavaScript: A Web Experiment on the Reversed Hindsight Bias.
Voracek, M., Stieger, S., & Gindl, A. (Dept. of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria). Online-Replication of Evolutionary Psychology Evidence: Sex Differences in Sexual Jealousy in Imagined Scenarios of Mate´s Sexual vs. Emotional Infidelity.
Studying Perception on the Net
Krantz, J. H. (Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana, U.S.A.): Stimulus Delivery on the Web: What can be Presented when Calibration isn't Possible.
Laugwitz, B. (University of Mannheim, Germany). A Web Experiment on Colour Harmony Principles Applied to Computer User Interface Design.
Ruppertsberg, A. I., Givaty, G., Van Veen, H. A. H. C., & Bülthoff, H. (Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany & Cytometrics Inc., Philadelphia, USA & TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, The Netherlands). Games as Research Tools for Visual Perception over the Internet.
Issues in Net-based Survey Research
Dillman, D. A. & Bowker, D. K. (Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA). The Web Questionnaire Challenge to Survey Methodologists.
Musch, J., Bröder, A., & Klauer, Ch. (University of Bonn, Germany): Improving Survey Research on the World-Wide Web Using the Randomized Response Technique.
Bosnjak, M. (ZUMA - Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen, Mannheim, Germany). Participation in Non-Restricted Web Surveys: A Typology and Explanatory Model for Item-Nonresponse.
Frick, A., Bächtiger, M. T., & Reips, U.-D. (Experimental and Developmental Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland): Financial Incentives, Personal Information and Drop-Out in Online Studies.
Knapp, F. & Heidingsfelder, M. (psyma online research GmbH, Rückersdorf & Rogator AG, Nürnberg, Germany): Drop-Out Analysis: Effects of Research Design.
Welker, M. (MFG Baden-Württemberg, Agency for Media and IT Development, Stuttgart, Germany). E-Mail Surveys: Non-Response Figures Reflected.
Online Communication Research and E-Commerce
Rössler, P., Klövekorn, N., & Rebuzzi, T. (University of Erfurt & Institute for Communication Science (ZW), Munich, Germany). How Do Web Communicators Work?
Beck, K. & Raulfs, A. (Lehrstuhl für Kommunikationswissenschaft, University of Erfurt, Germany): The Computer as a Medium for Media Integration: Experiences and Selected Findings of an International Online-Offline Delphi Survey.
Schmidt, I., Stark, B., & Döbler, T. (Institut für Marketing und Handel, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland & Fachbereich Kommunikationswissenschaft und Sozialforschung, University of Hohenheim, Germany): Electronic Commerce - The New Challenge in Retailing.
Knowledge Acquisition and Learning with the Net
Naumann, A., Waniek, J., & Krems, J. F. (Allgemeine Psychologie I und Arbeitspsychologie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany): Knowledge Acquisition, Navigation and Eye Movements from Text and Hypertext.
Paechter, M., Schweizer, K., & Weidenmann, B. (Universität der Bundeswehr, München, Germany). When the Tutor is Socially Present or Not. Evaluation of a Teletutor and Learning in a Virtual Seminar.
Utz, S. & Sassenberg, K. (Sociale Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands & University of Jena, Germany): Ties to a Virtual Seminar - The Role of Experience, Motives and Fulfillment of Expectations.
DIMENSIONS OF INTERNET SCIENCE
Ulf-Dietrich Reips & Michael Bosnjak (Eds.)
Pabst Science Publishers, 2001
Online Social Sciences
Ever more researchers in the social sciences and market research are interested in using the bene... more Ever more researchers in the social sciences and market research are interested in using the benefits of the Internet to obtain data, and as this book shows online studies can address many questions that are asked by social scientists. This text provides comprehensive information, from the basics upwards, about online research methods, technical approaches to data collection and the quality and limitations of data collected online. Included among the 23 chapters, written by leading online researchers from Europe and North America, are sections on the implementation of both reactive and non-reactive methods of data collection. The studies reported utilize Web-based questionnaires, Web experiments, observations of virtual worlds, case narrations, content analyses and analysis of mailing-lists and other log data. In addition to featuring various fields of research in the online environment and reporting the results of such studies, this book also seeks to bridge a gap between Internet scientists in Europe and the USA. In the past, researchers have tended to work on similar projects without collaboration: this book represents a joint effort among these researchers.
Current Internet science - trends, techniques, results. Aktuelle Online-Forschung - Trends, Techniken, Ergebnisse
Free WWW book with early contributions in Online Research. Contributions either in English or Ger... more Free WWW book with early contributions in Online Research. Contributions either in English or German, abstracts available in both languages.
Table of Contents with links to contributions and abstracts at http://gor.de/gor99/tband99/inhalt.html
Vorwort des Erstherausgebers [Preface]
Willkommen beim Surfen, Browsen und Lesen in diesem WWW-Buch. Ich freue mich über die vielen Beiträge von ausgesprochen hoher Qualität, die dem Gegenstand des Buches angemessene Form, und ausserdem den von dieser Form nicht unabhängigen Timing-Erfolg: der diesjährige Proceedings-Band der 3. German Online Research Tagung (GOR’99) wird noch rechtzeitig vor der Tagung im WWW veröffentlicht.
Mehr noch als in früheren Sammelpublikationen zur Online-Forschung ist die zunehmende Vernetzung und Bezüglichkeit zu spüren in den Beiträgen. Dies zeigt, dass sich das Fach zu etablieren beginnt. Die von der german internet research Mailingliste (gir-l) getragene Gemeinschaft von Personen aus verschiedensten Wissenschaften und Berufen arbeitet seit Jahren interdisziplinär. Die Kommunikation über Grenzen hinweg trägt nun Früchte.
Fachgrenzen sind nicht die einzigen Horizonte die verschwimmen. Das gestiegene internationale Interesse an der deutschsprachigen Online-Forschung und die komplementär dazu verlaufende Öffnung derselben in den globalen Raum drückt sich in einer grösseren Zahl englischsprachiger Beiträge aus. Diesem Trend entsprechend enthält der Band zu fast jedem Beitrag ein englischsprachiges und ein deutschsprachiges Abstract.
Mein besonderer Dank gilt Eva Turi-Nagy <[email protected]>, die unter enormem Einsatz und mit grosser Kompetenz den Löwenanteil beim Formatieren der Beiträge und Abstracts übernommen und uns beiden mit viel Spass und ungarischer Tanzmusik über die unvermeidlichen Schwierigkeiten eines solchen Projekts hinweggeholfen hat. Dank gilt auch einigen Mitschreibern in der gir-l, besonders Christoph Hölscher <[email protected]>, Kai Sassenberg <[email protected]> und Jochen Musch <[email protected]> für wertvolle Hinweise auf Inkonsistenzen in der Beitragsvorlage und ergänzende Vorschläge.
Was wären wir Online-Forscher, wenn wir nicht tolerante Vorgesetzte und KollegInnen hätten, die uns beim Aufbau unseres Gebiets unterstützen. Genannt sei hier Friedrich Wilkening, der so indirekt die Grundlage für dieses Buch bereitet hat.
Möge die GOR’99 ein voller Erfolg werden!
Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Zürich, im Oktober 1999
Table of Contents with links to contributions and abstracts at http://gor.de/gor99/tband99/inhalt.html
Vorwort des Erstherausgebers [Preface]
Willkommen beim Surfen, Browsen und Lesen in diesem WWW-Buch. Ich freue mich über die vielen Beiträge von ausgesprochen hoher Qualität, die dem Gegenstand des Buches angemessene Form, und ausserdem den von dieser Form nicht unabhängigen Timing-Erfolg: der diesjährige Proceedings-Band der 3. German Online Research Tagung (GOR’99) wird noch rechtzeitig vor der Tagung im WWW veröffentlicht.
Mehr noch als in früheren Sammelpublikationen zur Online-Forschung ist die zunehmende Vernetzung und Bezüglichkeit zu spüren in den Beiträgen. Dies zeigt, dass sich das Fach zu etablieren beginnt. Die von der german internet research Mailingliste (gir-l) getragene Gemeinschaft von Personen aus verschiedensten Wissenschaften und Berufen arbeitet seit Jahren interdisziplinär. Die Kommunikation über Grenzen hinweg trägt nun Früchte.
Fachgrenzen sind nicht die einzigen Horizonte die verschwimmen. Das gestiegene internationale Interesse an der deutschsprachigen Online-Forschung und die komplementär dazu verlaufende Öffnung derselben in den globalen Raum drückt sich in einer grösseren Zahl englischsprachiger Beiträge aus. Diesem Trend entsprechend enthält der Band zu fast jedem Beitrag ein englischsprachiges und ein deutschsprachiges Abstract.
Mein besonderer Dank gilt Eva Turi-Nagy <[email protected]>, die unter enormem Einsatz und mit grosser Kompetenz den Löwenanteil beim Formatieren der Beiträge und Abstracts übernommen und uns beiden mit viel Spass und ungarischer Tanzmusik über die unvermeidlichen Schwierigkeiten eines solchen Projekts hinweggeholfen hat. Dank gilt auch einigen Mitschreibern in der gir-l, besonders Christoph Hölscher <[email protected]>, Kai Sassenberg <[email protected]> und Jochen Musch <[email protected]> für wertvolle Hinweise auf Inkonsistenzen in der Beitragsvorlage und ergänzende Vorschläge.
Was wären wir Online-Forscher, wenn wir nicht tolerante Vorgesetzte und KollegInnen hätten, die uns beim Aufbau unseres Gebiets unterstützen. Genannt sei hier Friedrich Wilkening, der so indirekt die Grundlage für dieses Buch bereitet hat.
Möge die GOR’99 ein voller Erfolg werden!
Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Zürich, im Oktober 1999
Papers by Ulf-Dietrich Reips
Learning Order Affects Sensitivity to Base Rates in Causal Induction
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000
Psychological Reports, Apr 12, 2018
Whether or not socially desirable responding is a cause for concern in personality assessment has... more Whether or not socially desirable responding is a cause for concern in personality assessment has long been debated. For many researchers, McCrae and Costa laid the issue to rest when they showed that correcting for socially desirable responding in self-reports did not improve the agreement with spouse ratings on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience Personality Inventory. However, their findings rest on the assumption that observer ratings in general, and spouse ratings in particular, are an unbiased external criterion. If spouse ratings are also susceptible to socially desirable responding, correcting for the bias in self-rated measures cannot be assumed to increase agreement between self-reports and spouse ratings, and thus failure to do so should not be taken as evidence for the ineffectiveness of measuring and correcting for socially desirable responding. In the present study, McCrae and Costa's influential study was replicated with the exception of measuring socially desirable responding with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, in both self-reports and spouse ratings. Analyses were based on responses from 70 couples who had lived together for at least one year. The results showed that both selfreports and spouse ratings are susceptible to socially desirable responding and thus McCrae and Costa's conclusion is drawn into question.
Environment and Behavior, Feb 2, 2018
Previous research on the determinants of homesickness has tended to produce inconsistent results ... more Previous research on the determinants of homesickness has tended to produce inconsistent results and relied mostly on cross-sectional assessments. To capture the longitudinal perspective, we conducted a smartphone appbased study, monitoring the emergence and volatility of homesickness in international university exchange students (n = 148). Applying an experience sampling method (ESM), homesickness was measured every second day over a period of 3 months followed by a post hoc questionnaire to assess potential moderators. Multilevel modeling revealed that whereas age, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, voluntariness, previous stays abroad, support from host university, geographical distance, co-and host national identification, language proficiency, and pre-data collection duration of stay did not yield any effects, being male, scoring high on Neuroticism as well as Agreeableness, having difficulties in sociocultural adaptation, and being at the beginning of the stay (as opposed to later on) were related
Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, Jul 12, 2021
ZUSAMME NFA SS U N G wicklung eines Kindes als auch die Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Stö... more ZUSAMME NFA SS U N G wicklung eines Kindes als auch die Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Störungen. Das Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) ist ein bekanntes Instrument zur retrospektiven Erfassung des elterlichen Erziehungsstils. Bisher existiert jedoch keine ausreichend validierte deutsche Version. Daher entwickelten wir eine sprachlich aktuelle, deutsche Übersetzung des PBI (PBI-dt) und untersuchten in einer Onlinestudie anhand einer deutschsprachigen Stichprobe (N = 791) die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des PBI-dt hinsichtlich Item-und Reliabilitätskennwerten, Konstrukt-und Kriteriumsvalidität sowie der faktoriellen Struktur. Die Analysen ergaben gute Item-und Reliabilitätskennwerte teten Richtungen mit den Skalen des Childhood Trauma Quesim berichteten elterlichen Erziehungsstil zwischen Personen mit und ohne psychische Erkrankung sowie zwischen übergewichtigen und normalgewichtigen Personen gefunden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf das Vorliegen von hoher Konstrukt-und ergaben in allen untersuchten Fitindizes eine akzeptable Modellanpassungsgüte sowohl für das 2-Faktorenmodell von Parker et al. (1979) als auch für das 3-Faktorenmodell mit den Subskalen FürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorge, Einschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der Verhal-tensfreiheitEinschränkung der Verhaltensfreiheit sowie Verweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVer weigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer Autonomie. Die Verwendung einer 3-Faktorenstruktur konnte zudem inhaltlichen Mehrwert bieten, z. B. eine bessere sonen. Insgesamt weist die vorliegende deutsche Übersetzung
Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale—Icelandic Version; Revised
International Journal of Social Research Methodology, May 18, 2020
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of socially desirable responding in an item-pa... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of socially desirable responding in an item-pair measure of acquiescence from the Big Five Inventory. If both items in an item-pair have desirable content, the likelihood of agreeing with both items is increased, and consequently, the type of responding that would be taken to indicate acquiescence. In Study I, item content desirability was evaluated for each of the 32 items belonging to the item-pairs in two samples of 214 and 68 university students. The item-pair desirability was then correlated with the percentage of respondents who agreed with both items in a separate sample of 895 students. Results showed a substantial correlation between item-pairs' desirability and the percentage of estimated acquiescence, indicating an inଏation of acquiescence when item-pairs have desirable content. The ଏnding was further supported by Study II, in which acquiescence and item diଏculty, assessed with cognitive interviews, were unrelated.
Field Methods, Apr 23, 2019
We investigated fluctuations of well-being by using a smartphone-based mobile experience sampling... more We investigated fluctuations of well-being by using a smartphone-based mobile experience sampling method (real-time and multiple time point measurements in the field using smartphones). Moreover, temperature, longitude, latitude, altitude, wind speed, rainfall, and further environmentbased indicators were included as predictors either from smartphone sensors or from open-access Internet databases. Overall, a total of 213 participants reported on their well-being (over 14 days; three measurements per day; 8,000þ well-being judgments). We were able to replicate and refine past research about the dynamics of well-being fluctuations during the day (low in the morning, high in the evening) and over the course of a week (low just before the beginning of the week, highest near the end of the week). We also show what kind of benefits empirical researchers can gain for their research using smartphones and their built-in sensors by combining these measures with data from open-access databases.
These days there is a lot of misunderstanding of scientometrics and we often see a confusion of t... more These days there is a lot of misunderstanding of scientometrics and we often see a confusion of the research with its indicators. Science ministries and university administrators try to push their country's or institution's "research impact" by telling researchers to increase numeric figures that were invented as proxies for later assessment. In obvious juxtaposition to common sense this even leads to direct orders to postdocs "to only publish in high impact journals" and not to engage in other important activities scientists of well-rounded stature will routinely perform, like publication in medium impact journals of their immediate field, in startup journals, in conference proceedings, of book chapters, as grey literature or intended for dissemination to the general public, reviewing, editing, writing blogs etc. Of course, due to the competition for space and recognition the journal impact is an indicator of high quality of an article, but much less so than often reflected in the career determining decisions that are rightly criticized in the San Francisco Declaration On Research Assessment (DORA, 2013) and in a recent editorial in Science (Albert, 2013). With online publishing article impact now gets more and more dissociated from journal impact (empirically shown, see Lozano, Lariviere, and Gingras, 2012), because readers can directly find and download the unit of interest: an article rather than a whole issue or a book chapter rather than a whole book. However, while in the past articles may have profited much more from the popularity of their journals with the need to buy a bundle of articles, this decline of journal impact on article impact is not true in the opposite direction: journal impact will always be affected by the impact of its articles, by definition. The larger entity profits from its parts, while parts will profit less from the whole and from other parts, as the larger entity changes its function. But what does the interplay between article impact and journal impact mean in the present time, with journal impact still being taken as a proxy for article impact? In our opinion publishing an article in a low impact (= not widely read) journal that then becomes a frequently cited article seems a more risky and thus more respectable achievement than publishing an infrequently cited article in a high impact (= frequently read) journal.
Behavior Research Methods, Feb 2, 2021
Undertaking an experience-sampling study via smartphones is complex. Scheduling and sending mobil... more Undertaking an experience-sampling study via smartphones is complex. Scheduling and sending mobile notifications often requires the use of proprietary software that imposes limits on participants' operating systems (whether iOS or Android) or the types of questions that can be asked via the application. We have developed an open-source platform-Samply-which overcomes these limitations. Researchers can access the entire interface via a browser, manage studies, schedule and send notifications linking to online surveys or experiments created in any Internet-based service or software, and monitor participants' responses-all without the coding skills usually needed to program a native mobile application. Participants can download the Samply Research mobile application for free from Google Play or the App Store, join a specific study, receive notifications and web links to surveys or experiments, and track their involvement. The mobile application leverages the power of the React Native JavaScript library, which allows it to be rendered in the native code of Android and iOS mobile operating systems. We describe Samply, provide a step-by-step example of conducting an experience-sampling study, and present the results of two validation studies. Study 1 demonstrates how we improved the website's usability for researchers. Study 2 validates the mobile application's data recording ability by analyzing a survey's participation rate. The application's possible limitations and how mobile device settings might affect its reliability are discussed.
Scientific Data
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three lar... more In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate ...
Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
Evolution and Human Behavior
Die fortgeschrittene, weiterhin fortschreitende und in immer mehr Bereichen alltäglich werdende N... more Die fortgeschrittene, weiterhin fortschreitende und in immer mehr Bereichen alltäglich werdende Nutzung des Internets im Allgemeinen und des Word Wide Webs im Speziellen macht das Netz gleichermaßen für Wissenschaftler, Marktforscher und Demoskopen zu einem interessanten Medium. Für computergestützte selbstadministrierte Befragungen (CAWI, computer assisted web interviewing) und andere Datenerhebungsformen im Web steht eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz qualitativer und quantitativer Verfahren zur Verfügung. Ein Grund für diese Popularität liegt sicherlich darin, dass der selbstadministrierte Befragungsmodus, bei dem der Untersuchungsteilnehmer die Dateneingabe mit dem Beantworten selbst übernimmt, schnelle Untersuchungen großer Stichproben verspricht. Immer mehr (frei verfügbare) Software und Onlinetools für das Erstellen von Befragungen im Web und deren Auswertung, ermöglichen es auch technisch nicht versierten Personen, Daten im Netz zu erheben. Dabei wird scheinbar oftmals vergessen, dass sich Daten zwar leicht generieren lassen, sie jedoch über bestimmte Qualitäten verfügen müssen, sollen aus ihnen valide Schlüsse gezogen werden. Sowohl Qualität, als auch Quantität von Daten werden durch die gewählten Messmethoden beeinflusst. Die beiden Haupteinflüsse auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung, Repräsentation und Messung (Überblick in Groves/Fowler/Couper 2004), haben für Datenerhebungen im Web ebenso ihre Gültigkeit, wie für andere Erhebungsarten. Während der Bereich der Repräsentation, also der Weg von der angestrebten Grundgesamtheit über die realisierte Stichprobe und weitere Einflüsse wie Antwortverweigerung, sich nicht grundsätzlich von anderen Arten der Datenerhebung unterscheidet, gibt es, durch das Medium Computer bedingt, einige Besonderheiten im Bereich der Messung. Während Konstruktvalidität und spätere Datenverarbeitung noch unabhängig von der Erhebungsart sind, gibt es spezifische Einflüsse auf den Fehler durch den Messvorgang, die einen Einfluss auf die Ausprägung des Wertes haben, der gemessen werden soll. Die hier vorgestellten Messinstrumente und Skalen werden vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf den Messfehler dargestellt. Die internetbasierte Datenerhebung ist zwar in der Lage, einige Schwierigkeiten papierbasierter Untersuchungen zu beheben (z. B. manuelle Dateneingabe; Bewertung von Stimuli, die sich nicht abdrucken lassen), manche Probleme treten jedoch in beiden Erhebungsmodi auf (Antwort nach sozialer Erwünschtheit; Effekte der graphischen Darstellung) und es kommen online neue Herausforderungen hinzu (Browserkompatibilität; Antworten durch automatische Skripte; Mehrfachteilnahmen). Aber es ergeben sich auch neue Möglichkeiten, die in Papier-und-Bleistift-Befragungen nicht oder nur mit einem erheblichen Aufwand (sehr große
The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health inform... more The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent acros...
PLOS ONE, 2019
Psychological effects connected with fluent processing are called fluency effects. In a sample of... more Psychological effects connected with fluent processing are called fluency effects. In a sample of 403 participants we test whether conceptual fluency effects can be found in the context of inductive reasoning, a context that has not been investigated before. As a conceptual manipulation we vary the use of symbols (persons and crosses) in reasoning tasks. These symbols were chosen to provide hints for the solution of the implemented tasks and thus manipulate fluency. We found evidence that these hints influence ease of processing. The proportion of solved tasks increased by 11% on average in the condition with conceptual hints, F(1,399) = 13.47, partial η 2 = .033, p < .001. However, we did not find an effect of the conceptual manipulation on the temporal perception of the task. In a second study (n = 62) we strengthened our findings by investigating solution strategies for the tasks in more detail, 79% of the participants described the tasks in a way they were intended. Our results illustrate the advantages of the separation of ease of processing, fluency experience, and judgments.