Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape | CIDRAP

Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape | CIDRAP
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H5 candidates
Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape
The Landscape is a database that compiles and summarizes publicly available information on the global R&D pipeline of universal, broadly protective, and next-generation influenza vaccine candidates, as defined in the Influenza Vaccines R&D Roadmap (IVR). Vaccine candidates profiled in the Landscape are designed to provide broader and more durable protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza, compared with current strain-specific influenza vaccines.
CIDRAP initiated development of the Landscape with support from the
Global Funders Consortium for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development
(2019-2024) and currently receives support from the
Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs)
, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Provide Feedback
Recommended Citation
: Ostrowsky JT and Osterholm MT on behalf of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Influenza Vaccines R&D Roadmap (IVR) Initiative team. Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape (2026). Available at
NEW: Next-generation H5 vaccine candidates
here
Database last updated on Apr 21, 2026
Tracker
237
Vaccine Candidates
28
Vaccines in Active Clinical Trials
COVID+Flu Vaccine Candidates
197
Developers
Platforms
Preclinical
192
Phase 1
19
Phase 2
18
Phase 3
Approved
Recent Updates
NEW: Next-generation H5 vaccine candidates
here
The first regulatory approval of a next-generation influenza vaccine: on April 21, 2026, the European Commission granted marketing authorization for Moderna's mRNA-1083 COVID+Influenza combination vaccine (mCOMBRIAX), for use in adults ages 50 and older. The approval is valid in all 27 European Union member states, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
New clinical candidates added to the Landscape:
Centivax,
Centi-Flu 01
Capricorn Technologies,
UniFluVec
NIAID,
Novel H5 Central Antigen mRNA-LNP
University of Maryland/BlueWillow Biologics,
rH5-NE
Aramis Biotechnologies,
Recombinant trivalent VLP
Clinical candidates whose R&D status recently changed from active to “inactive” or “static”:
Novavax,
Nano-Flu
and
CIC
combination
Sanofi,
SP0237 hexavalent mRNA
Moderna,
mRNA-1230
mRNA-1011/1012
, and
mRNA-1020/1030
Russian Academy of Sciences,
M2e VLP
New preclinical studies:
Jilin Agricultural University researchers developed a novel intranasal adenovirus-based vaccine targeting the conserved HA receptor-binding site and assessed RBS-mediated systemic and mucosal humoral immunity in a mouse model (
Liu 2026
Georgia Institute of Technology researchers evaluated cellular and humoral responses to self-assembled protein nanocages incorporating NP, head-removed HA stalk, and 4M2e antigens (
Park 2026
).
University of Georgia/Cleveland Clinic researchers used young and aged ferret models to evaluate the effects of age and prior influenza exposure on antibody breadth and potency induced by the COBRA-based H1 and H3 HA recombinant vaccine candidate with and without Infectimune (
Zhang 2026
).
Previous Updates
Database
Previous
Next
Preclinical
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Approved
Platform
Influenza virus-based
20
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
RSM2eFP spore vaccine
Developer
Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (China)
Name
RSM2eFP spore vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) administered via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.).
Key Sources
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37308364)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant spores
Delivery Mechanism
Intratracheal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37308364)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate potency and protective efficacy (
Ma 2023
PROTAR
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
PROTAR
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A library of live attenuated influenza vaccines created by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses. The PROTAR viruses were engineered to be attenuated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, which mediates viral protein degradation in conventional host cells, but allows efficient replication in engineered cell lines for large-scale manufacturing.
(Formerly: PROTAC)
Key Sources
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 39814992)
Shen 2025 (PMID: 39815008)
Si 2022 (PMID: 35788567)
Gilbertson 2022 (PMID: 35869290)
Li 2022 (PMID: 36281705)
Patent: Proteolysis-Targeting Virus, Live Vaccine Thereof, Preparation Method a…
Patent: Recombinant Virus Containing Degron, Preparation Method Therefor, and A…
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 39814992)
Shen 2025 (PMID: 39815008)
Si 2022 (PMID: 35788567)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of PROTAR 2.0 which incorporates multiple proteasome-targeting degrons (PTDs) rather than PTDs at just one end (
Zhang 2025
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Shen 2025
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Si 2022
cHA-ΔNS1-LAIV
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
cHA-ΔNS1-LAIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Chimeric HAs  composed of exotic avian HA head domains and a conserved stem domain, combined with a live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) backbone lacking non-structural protein 1 (deltaNS1), aimed at eliciting broadly protective immune responses to conserved HA stem epitopes.
Key Sources
Rathnasinghe 2024 (PMID: 39300090)
Rathnasinghe 2021 (PMID: 34773048)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Rathnasinghe 2024 (PMID: 39300090)
Rathnasinghe 2021 (PMID: 34773048)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of a cH8/1-N1-ΔNS1 prime followed by cH11/1-N1-ΔNS1 boost (
Rathnasinghe 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of delta NS1 viruses (
Rathnasinghe 2021
H1, HA COBRA IIV
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
University of Georgia (US)
Name
H1, HA COBRA IIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Reassortant influenza viruses expressing H1 and H3 computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA)
Key Sources
Chen 2025 (PMID: 40186991)
Shi 2025 (PMID: 39982912)
Shi 2024 (PMID: 38826029)
Nagashima 2024 (PMID: 38810648)
Editors 2024 (PMID: 38198500)
Dzimianski 2023 (PMID: 37185989)
Nagashima 2023 (PMID: 36851561)
Ross 2022 (PMID: 36016202)
Abbadi 2022 (PMID: 35916534)
Nagashima 2022 (PMID: 35697384)
Allen 2022 (PMID: 35289635)
Huang 2021 (PMID: 34358209)
Sautto 2021 (PMID: 33853960)
Sautto 2018 (PMID: 31022693)
Allen 2018 (PMID: 30265682)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
IFA or alum hydroxide; AF03 squalene-in-water emulsion; Imject alum; AddaVax, AddaS03, CpG and Alhydrogel; R-DOTAP; Infectimune
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chen 2025 (PMID: 40186991)
Shi 2025 (PMID: 39982912)
Shi 2024 (PMID: 38826029)
Nagashima 2023 (PMID: 36851561)
Allen 2022 (PMID: 35289635)
Huang 2021 (PMID: 34358209)
Sautto 2018 (PMID: 31022693)
Allen 2018 (PMID: 30265682)
Ross 2022 (PMID: 36016202)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate HA stability mutations, and assess HA-NA balance effects of a cold-adapted PR8 (ca-PR8) LAIV encoding COBRA-HA-Y2 and COBRA-NA-N1-I. (
Chen 2025
Ferrets: Evaluate effectiveness of COBRA-IIVs in eliciting antibodies with broad spectrum under different formulations and restricting viral transmission (
Shi 2025
Mice: Evaluate effectiveness of H1 COBRA HA or the H3 COBRA HA with or without adjuvant (
Shi 2024
Mice: characterize the effect of adjuvants (AddaVax, AddaS03, CpG and Alhydrogel) on the antibody responses to vaccination (
Nagashima 2023
Mice: assess the kinetic, magnitude and IgG subclass usage of the antibody response following an intramuscular (IM) or intraperitoneal (IP) immunization regimen with AddaVax-adjuvanted bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 COBRA rHAs (
Ross 2022
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of 7 new rHA H3 COBRA HA antigens (
Allen 2022
Mice: evaluate efficacy (
Huang 2021
Mice: assess viral replication; evaluate efficacy (
Sautto 2018
Ferrets: evaluate efficacy (
Allen 2018
hlHA IIV
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Duke University (US)
Name
hlHA IIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Authentic influenza A virus (IAV) particles that harbor “headless” HA (hlHA) along with the normal complement of other viral proteins to serve as an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV)
Key Sources
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 39841684)
Hamele 2024 (PMID: 39324791)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 39841684)
Hamele 2024 (PMID: 39324791)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhu 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Hamele 2024
AC-AnhuiVACC
Developer
Erasmus University Medical Center (Netherlands)
Name
AC-Anhui
VACC
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Addavax-adjuvanted split-inactivated vaccines containing either the antigenically central HA (AC-Anhui
VACC
), the wild-type counterpart HA (Anhui
VACC
Key Sources
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Split-inactivated vaccine
Antigen(s)
H5
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Addavax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: asses protective capacity of AC-AnhuiVACC; and assess the impact of the introduced substitutions on the height and breadth of the HI antibody response, and protection against challenge (
Kok 2025
GammaFlu
Developer
Gamma Vaccines (Australia)
Name
GammaFlu
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Whole influenza virus inactivated with gamma irradiation to prevent viral replication, leaving the external and internal protein antigens intact; aimed at stimulating antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells to provide cross-protective immunity; intranasal administration.
Key Sources
Singleton 2021 (PMID: 34899711)
David 2017 (PMID: 28109709)
Fuyura 2010 (PMID: 20164231)
Developer Presentation Nov 2024
Developer Website: Gamma Vaccines
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Whole virion gamma-irradiated virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Singleton 2021 (PMID: 34899711)
David 2017 (PMID: 28109709)
Fuyura 2010 (PMID: 20164231)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Singleton 2021)
Mice: investigate effect of irradiation dose and temperature on immunogenicity (
David 2017
Mice: investigate mechanism behind cross-protection (
Fuyura 2010
NAe-HA and M2e-HA
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
NAe-HA and M2e-HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Inactivated, replication-competent recombinant influenza virus expressing chimeric HA molecules with a conserved NA epitope (NAe) or conserved matrix protein (M2e) or chimeric 4xM2e-HA fusion proteins with 4M2e epitopes inserted into the H3 HA N-terminus; aimed at inducing antibody responses to conserved epitopes for heterosubtypic immunity.
Key Sources
Oh 2022 (PMID: 35914365)
Park 2022 (PMID: 34929590)
Park 2021 (PMID: 33603072)
Kim 2020 (PMID: 32882637)
Kim 2017 (PMID: 29107058)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Chimeric HA (cHA)
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Oh 2022 (PMID: 35914365)
Park 2022 (PMID: 34929590)
Park 2021 (PMID: 33603072)
Kim 2020 (PMID: 32882637)
Kim 2017 (PMID: 29107058)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate whether chemical cross-linking of inactivated influenza virus particles with M2e peptides enhances cross protection (
Oh 2022
Mice: Mice: Evaluate efficacy of cross protection by heterosubtypic prime-boost vaccination (
Park 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Park 2021
Mice: Evaluate whether antibody responses to universally conserved NAe epitope enhance cross protection (
Kim 2020
Mice: evaluate efficacy; compare efficacy of cross protection with wild-type and recombinant viruses (
Kim 2017
Whole influenza virus particle vaccine
Developer
Hokkaido University (Japan)
Name
Whole influenza virus particle vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade monovalent or quadrivalent inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccine (WPV) formulations
Key Sources
Chua 2022 (PMID: 36206307)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Influenza virus-based
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chua 2022 (PMID: 36206307)
Preclinical Studies
Cynomolgus macaques: evaluate immunogenicity of good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade monovalent and quadrivalent WPV and SV formulations comprising the 2018–2019 Japanese influenza seasonal strains (
Chua 2022
H5N1 inactivated split virus vaccine
Developer
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
H5N1 inactivated split virus vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Inactivated split virus vaccine based on clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 with optimized adjuvant combinations of Alum and CpG, developed to induce cross-reactive antibodies against a range of H5 HA and N1 NA antigens, including those from phylogenetically distant clades.
Key Sources
Puente-Massaguer 2026 (PMID: 41577702)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Antigen(s)
HA and NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Alum/CpG adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Puente-Massaguer 2026 (PMID: 41577702)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Puente-Massaguer 2026
Mosaic HA-based whole inactivated virus
Developer
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
Mosaic HA-based whole inactivated virus
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Beta-propiolactone (BPL)-inactivated whole influenza B virus (WIV) vaccine displaying mosaic HA (mHA) proteins to redirect the immune response towards the immuno-subdominant conserved epitopes of the HA.
Key Sources
González-Domínguez 2024 (PMID: 39551795)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 34603333)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
González-Domínguez 2024 (PMID: 39551795)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 34603333)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity with and without adjuvant (
González-Domínguez 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Liu 2021
Reassortant LAIV with modified NS-1 and NP
Developer
Institute of Experimental Medicine (Russia)
Name
Reassortant LAIV with modified NS-1 and NP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Reassortant LAIV expressing modified NP and NS1 genes aimed at inducing a robust T-cell response
Key Sources
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Stepanova 2021 (PMID: 33513862)
Isakova-Sivak 2019 (PMID: 31288422)
Isakova-Sivak 2018 (PMID: 29574336)
Korenkov 2018 (PMID: 29929009)
Korenkov 2018 (PMID: 29252117)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Stepanova 2021 (PMID: 33513862)
Isakova-Sivak 2019 (PMID: 31288422)
Isakova-Sivak 2018 (PMID: 29574336)
Korenkov 2018 (PMID: 29929009)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and cross-protection (
Prokopenko 2023
Mice: assess stability, immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Stepanova 2021
Ferrets: evaluate efficacy, immunogenicity and safety (
Isakova-Sivak 2019
Mice: evaluate efficacy (
Isakova-Sivak 2018
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity (
Korenkov 2018
H3N8 LAIV
Developer
Iowa State University (US)
Name
H3N8 LAIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Live attenuated equine influenza virus (LAIV) equine H3N8 vaccine to induce broad protection without the need for non-influenza viral vectors, multiple HAs, or foreign protein scaffolds common to other universal influenza vaccine candidates.
Key Sources
Verhoeven 2024 (PMID: 39702334)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None; Alum
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Verhoeven 2024 (PMID: 39702334)
Preclinical Studies
Mice, ferrets, horses: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Verhoeven 2024
NS1-truncated influenza viruses
Developer
Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Name
NS1-truncated influenza viruses
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein, that are unable to antagonise the innate immune response; administered intranasally
Key Sources
Shamakova 2025
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Influenza virus-based
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Self-adjuvanting
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Shamakova 2025
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate safety, immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy(
Shamakova 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Shurygina 2025
MoBV
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
MoBV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Mosaic live attenuated influenza B vaccine (MoBV) created using mosaic hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens designed to maximize T-cell epitope coverage, and incorporated into a nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) platform using plasmid-based reverse genetics
Key Sources
Han 2025 (PMID: 41097933)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Antigen(s)
Mosaic hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Han 2025 (PMID: 41097933)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Han 2025
Mosaic HA LAIV
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
Mosaic HA LAIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Six internal genes of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) synthesized as the backbone and reassorted with full-length mosaic HA and NA genes; administered intranasally.
Key Sources
Ma 2025 (PMID: 41409094)
Yang 2025 (PMID: 40997376)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Antigen(s)
Mosaic hemagglutinin
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ma 2025 (PMID: 41409094)
Yang 2025 (PMID: 40997376)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Ma 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Yang 2025
RAM-IGIP
Developer
University of Georgia (US)
Name
RAM-IGIP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Attenuated MLV (modified live virus) vaccine, built by rearranging FLUAV genome segments and incorporating the IgA-inducing protein
Key Sources
Cáceres 2024 (PMID: 38328128) (Preprint)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Influenza virus-based
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None; IGIP as a natural adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Cáceres 2024 (PMID: 38328128) (Preprint)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity (
Cáceres 2024
S-FLU and CLEARFLU
Developer
University of Oxford (UK)
University of Melbourne (Australia)
Name
S-FLU and CLEARFLU
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Single-cycle viruses that are either produced by the inactivation of the hemagglutinin signal sequence, generating a viral RNA called S-HA (S-FLU), or a derivative of S-FLU that expresses a stabilized non-fusogenic hemagglutinin (CLEARFLU); aimed at inducing T cell responses when administered to the lung.
Key Sources
Sadler 2025 (PMID: 39868800)
Zheng 2023 (PMID: 37683004)
Powell 2019 (PMID: 30714896)
Holzer 2018 (PMID: 29703861)
Baz 2015 (PMID: 26489862)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Intraperitoneal
Adjuvant
TS6
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Sadler 2025 (PMID: 39868800)
Zheng 2023 (PMID: 37683004)
Powell 2019 (PMID: 30714896)
Holzer 2018 (PMID: 29703861)
Baz 2015 (PMID: 26489862)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Compared immune response to CLEARFLU and S-FLU viruses (
Sadler 2025
Mice: Compare the CD8+ T cell response following S-FLU vaccination to that evoked following influenza virus infection (
Zheng 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Powell 2019
Ferrets and pigs: evaluate efficacy (
Holzer 2018
Mice and ferrets: evaluate efficacy, and investigate cellular immune response (
Baz 2015
TX98-129
Developer
University of South Dakota (US)
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Name
TX98-129
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant influenza virus based vaccine that expresses a chimeric HA (HA-129) derived from HAs of four genetically distinct swine influenza A viruses (H1N1) that had a history of zoonotic transmission. The chimeric HA was obtained through molecular breeding (gene shuffling) technology from the four original parental HAs. Designed to induce broadly protective immunity against genetically divergent HAs.
Key Sources
Yuan 2023 (PMID: 36992230)
McCormick 2015 (PMID: 26061265)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Yuan 2023 (PMID: 36992230)
McCormick 2015 (PMID: 26061265)
Preclinical Studies
Pregnant sow: asses the effect of vaccine-induced maternal immunity on protecting pregnant sows and neonatal piglets against IAV infection (
Yuan 2023
Mice and pigs: evaluate immunogenicity (
McCormick 2015
dNS1 LAIV
Developer
Xiamen University (China)
Name
dNS1 LAIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
LAIVs constructed using two different modification strategies: cold-adapted viral gene mutation (“CA4-dNS1”) which involves truncating the NS1 region within the influenza virus's NS1 segment, while simultaneously introducing a few sites to enhance growth adaptability, and the other through the deletion of the viral NS1 gene (“CA4-cold”), which retains all eight gene segments of the CA4 virus and is predominantly attenuated through point mutations, enhancing its replication ability at 33°C compared to 37°C.
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 41354864)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Antigen(s)
NS1-deficient influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 41354864)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare in vivo and in vitro replication capacity, broad-spectrum protective efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of CA4-dNS1 and CA4-cold (
Wang 2025
UniFluVec
Developer
Capricorn Technologies (Austria)
Name
UniFluVec
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Recombinant influenza virus vector, UniFluVec and its less attenuated counterpart (UniFluVec-wtNS1), both designed as H1N1pdm vaccine candidates containing modified NS1 and NEP
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Stukova 2025
Romanova 2025 (PMID: 41046834)
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
Ferko 2024
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Vasilyev 2021 (PMID: 33810549)
NCT04650971 (P1)
Patent: Attenuated influenza vectors for the prevention and/or treatment of inf…
Developer Website: Capricorn Technologies
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Influenza virus-based
Antigen(s)
Modified NS1 and NEP
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Romanova 2025 (PMID: 41046834)
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
Ferko 2024
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Vasilyev 2021 (PMID: 33810549)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and ferrets: evaluate the impact of NS1 and NEP modifications on attenuation and phenotypic markers in mice and evaluate safety and prophylactic efficacy in ferrets (
Romanova 2025
Mice: evaluate the local adaptive cellular immune response to immunization with an influenza virus strain PR8/NS124 carrying a truncated NS1 protein compared to those elicited by a cold-adapted virus with a full-length NS1 protein (caPR8/NSfull) and a sublethal dose of a wild-type virus (PR8/NSfull) (
Shurygina 2025
Ferrets: evaluate protective efficacy (
Ferko 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and cross-protection of two approaches for improving LAIV’s cross-protective potential and generated LAIV reassortant viruses with 6:2 and 5:3 genome formulations expressing full-length or truncated NS1 proteins (Prokopenko 2023)
Mice: compare the cross-protective efficacy of the immune response induced by intranasal immunization with the NS1-truncated influenza virus (A/PR8/NS124 (H1N1)) or by nonlethal infection with the wild-type (A/PR8/NSfull (H1N1)) influenza strain (
Vasilyev 2021
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT04650971
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT04650971
: Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Reactogenicity of Vaccine "UniFluVec" After Two Intranasal Administrations in Healthy Volunteers
Formulation: UniFluVec
60 Adults (18 to 49 years)
1 Russian study location
Results:
Stukova 2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/29/19
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/31/20
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/31/20
CodaVax
Developer
Codagenix (US)
Name
CodaVax
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
LAIV generated through synthetic attenuated virus-engineering (SAVE); uses an algorithm to “de-optimize” the influenza HA and NA gene segments for reduced translation in human cells, resulting in virus attenuation while preserving the immunogenicity of wild-type virus; aimed at stimulating an immune response against influenza viruses from multiple seasons and multiple decades (e.g. influenza viruses from 1970s and 1930s).
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Stauft 2019 (PMID: 31609986)
Broadbent 2016 (PMID: 26655630)
Yang 2013 (PMID: 23690603)
Mueller 2010 (PMID: 20543832)
NCT05223179 (P1)
NCT04146623 / ACTRN12618002041235 (P1)
NCT03926416 (P1)
ACTRN12618000557235 (P1)
ACTRN12617000254392 (P1)
Press Release 6-14-2022
Patent: Parenterally Administrable Influenza Vaccine and Uses Thereof
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Antigen(s)
Deoptimized H1N1
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Stauft 2019 (PMID: 31609986)
Broadbent 2016 (PMID: 26655630)
Yang 2013 (PMID: 23690603)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy (
Yang 2013
Ferrets: Evaluate attenuation, immunogenicity and efficacy (
Broadbent 2016
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Stauft 2019
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05223179
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05223179
: Intramuscular CodaVax-H1N1 in Healthy Adults
Formulation: CodaVax-H1N1
69 Adults (18 to 45 years)
Queensland, Australia
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
4/11/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
2/9/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
2/9/24
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT04146623 / ACTRN12618002041235
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT04146623
ACTRN12618002041235
: Safety Study of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine, CodaVax, Delivered Via Intranasal Spray
Formulation: CodaVax-H1N1
125 Adults (18 to 45 years)
Queensland, Australia
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
5/7/19
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
10/11/20
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
11/11/20
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT03926416
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT03926416
: Safety Study of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine, CodaVax
Formulation: CodaVax-H1N1
125 Adults (18 to 45 years)
Queensland, Australia
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
2/21/17
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
5/29/18
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
9/14/18
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
ACTRN12618000557235
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
ACTRN12618000557235
: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active and Placebo Controlled Phase 1 Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Codavax Influenza Vaccine in healthy volunteers Part 2
Formulation: CodaVax
50 Adults (18 to 45 years)
Unknown study location(s)
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
10/23/17
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
7/6/18
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
12/1/17
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
ACTRN12617000254392
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
ACTRN12617000254392
: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active and Placebo Controlled Phase 1 Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Codavax Influenza Vaccine in healthy volunteers
Formulation: CodaVax
75 Adults (18 to 45 years)
Unknown study location(s)
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
3/6/17
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
3/31/17
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
9/25/17
Chimeric HA constructs
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
Chimeric HA constructs
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Sequential combinations of different platforms, including LAIVs and inactivated split vaccines, with adjuvants, or of chimeric (cHA) or mosaic (mHA) constructs (cHA-LAIV-LAIV and cHA-LAIV-IIV, M2e), consisting of “exotic” HA head domains (from avian influenza viruses) and a conserved stalk domain; sequential administration with cHAs with different head domains and the same stalk domain; aimed at focusing humoral immunity on the highly conserved HA stalk domain.
(Formerly:
cHA-based LAIV combinations)
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Akhtar 2025 (PMID: 41094203)
Scherm 2025 (PMID: 40972238)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40876140)
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
Guthmiller 2025 (PMID: 40132593)
Nguyen 2025 (PMID: 39937865)
Dong and Wang 2024 (PMID: 38788629)
Bliss 2024 (PMID: 38805853)
Edgar 2023 (PMID: 37871218)
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37703367)
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37342504)
Dhakal 2022 (PMID: 33293159)
Meade 2022 (PMID: 36533948)
Aydillo 2022 (PMID: 36496417)
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 35594401)
Isakova-Sivak 2022 (PMID: 35461523)
Folschweiller 2022 (PMID: 35461522)
Guthmiller 2021 (PMID: 34942633)
Nachbagauer 2021 (PMID: 33288923)
Roubidoux 2021 (PMID: 33593972)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 33440898)
Bernstein 2020 (PMID: 31630990)
Destexhe 2020 (PMID: 32119974)
Broecker 2019 (PMID: 31341648)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 31540436)
Krammer 2019 (PMID: 30715353)
Nachbagauer 2019 (PMID: 31839997)
Liu 2019 (PMID: 31105689)
Choi 2019 (PMID: 31032479)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 30944178)
Sunwoo 2018 (PMID: 30223475)
Nachbagauer 2018 (PMID: 30044403)
Nachbagauer 2017 (PMID: 29263881)
Ermler 2017 (PMID: 28356526)
Nachbagauer 2016 (PMID: 26719251)
Eggink 2014 (PMID: 24155380)
Margine 2013 (PMID: 23903831)
EudraCT: 2017-001584-20 (P1/2)
NCT03275389 (P1)
NCT03300050 (P1)
NCT02415842 (Observational)
Press Release 6-30-2022
Press Release 7-16-2020
Press Release 12-7-2020
Press Release 5-1-2019
News Story 12-7-2020
NIH Funding
Patent: Immunogenic Compositions Containing Inactivated Influenza A Virus And C…
Patent: Influenza Virus Vaccines And Uses Thereof (US 2026/0000747 A1)
Patent: Influenza Virus Vaccines And Uses Thereof (US 2026/0001918 A1)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Chimeric HA (cHA)
Antigen(s)
Conserved HA epitopes
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Aluminum salts: ASO3A; CpG 1018
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Akhtar 2025 (PMID: 41094203)
Scherm 2025 (PMID: 40972238)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40876140)
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
Edgar 2023 (PMID: 37871218)
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37703367)
Dhakal 2022 (PMID: 33293159)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 33440898)
Roubidoux 2021 (PMID: 33593972)
Destexhe 2020 (PMID: 32119974)
Broecker 2019 (PMID: 31341648)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 31540436)
Choi 2019 (PMID: 31032479)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 30944178)
Nachbagauer 2018 (PMID: 30044403)
Sunwoo 2018 (PMID: 30223475)
Nachbagauer 2017 (PMID: 29263881)
Ermler 2017 (PMID: 28356526)
Nachbagauer 2016 (PMID: 26719251)
Eggink 2014 (PMID: 24155380)
Margine 2013 (PMID: 23903831)
Preclinical Studies
Rhesus macaques: Investigate the durability of humoral immunity induced by an influenza vaccine based on AS03-adjuvanted chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA) (
Akhtar 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Scherm 2025
Mice: Evaluate immune response after sequential immunization with group 2 cHA inactivated split vaccines with or without CpG 1018 adjuvant (
Vasilev 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of the combination of group 2 cHA inactivated split vaccines with the rNA-N2-MPP protein and the CpG 1018 adjuvant, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist (
Puente-Massaguer 2025
Mice: Evaluate the requirements for FcγR engagement for the antiviral activity of vaccine-elicited IgG antibodies (
Edgar 2023
Mice: Evaluate efficacy of sequential vaccination with group 2 cHA vaccine candidates tested as LAIVs, inactivated split vaccines in combination with CPG 1018 adjuvant, and combinations of these two platforms (
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37703367)
Mice: evaluated the impact of sex and age on responses to a chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)based universal influenza virus vaccine that stimulates antibody production against the highly conserved stalk region of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein (
Dhakal 2022
Mice: Evaluate impact of mutations on immunity (
Roubidoux 2021
Ferrets: Evaluate efficacy and durability over one year (
Liu 2021
Rabbits: evaluate local tolerance and the local and systemic effects (
Destexhe 2020
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Broecker 2019
Mice: evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Sun 2019 (PMID: 31540436)
Mice: explore the cHA strategy in mice by comparing use of two adjuvants (
Choi 2019
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy, and the pathogenicity of mosaic viruses; evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Sun 2019 (PMID: 30944178)
Ferrets: Evaluate efficacy in male ferrets to determine if ferret model recapitulates gender differences in immune responses observed in humans (
Nachbagauer 2018
Pigs: Assess immune responses and efficacy (
Sunwoo 2018
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity; compare one and two dose regimen; and examine breadth of protective immunity (
Nachbagauer 2017
Mice: Evaluate protective effect of sequential vaccination and evaluate efficacy (
Ermler 2017
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Nachbagauer 2016
Mice: test reactivity to parental strain; assess binding to stalk without interference from head reactivity; evaluate immunogenicity (
Eggink 2014
Mice: Evaluate efficacy (
Margine 2013
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03275389 / EudraCT: 2017-001584-20
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT03275389
(EudraCT Number:
2017-001584-20
): A Study to Evaluate the Reactogenicity, Safety and Immunogenicity of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Investigational Supra-seasonal Universal Influenza Vaccines - Inactivated (SUIVs) (GSK3816302A) in Healthy Adults Aged 18 to 39 Years
Formulation: GSK3816302A
470 Adults (18 to 39 years)
6 study locations: US and Belgium
Folschweiller 2022
Sponsor Press Release (05/01/2019)
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, results reported in registry, results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/18/17
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/26/20
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/26/20
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03300050
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT03300050
: Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live-attenuated Universal Flu Vaccine Followed by an Inactivated Universal Flu Vaccine
Formulation unspecified
65 Adults (18 to 39 years)
2 US study locations: North Carolina and Ohio
Dong 2024
Bliss 2024
Meade 2022
Aydillo 2022
Guthmiller 2021
Nachbagauer 2021
Bernstein 2020
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
10/10/17
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
4/24/18
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
8/9/19
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT02415842
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT02415842
: A Laboratory Evaluation of the Humoral Immune Response in Adults and Children to the H1 Hemagglutinin (HA) Stalk Domain and Other Influenza A Virus Protein Epitopes, After Administration of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Pandemic Influenza Vaccines
Retrospective trial
Formulation unspecified
414 Participants (6 months to 64 years)
New York
Nachbagauer 2019
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, results reported in registry
Trial 3 Study Start Date
10/26/15
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
2/16/18
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
2/16/18
M2SR
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
FluGen (US)
Name
M2SR
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Novel single-replication (SR) platform for influenza A or B virus based on an otherwise wild-type influenza virus that does not express the M2 ion channel protein (M2-deficient); administered intranasally; aimed at eliciting cross-reactive antibodies against conserved HA stem and systemic and mucosal immune responses that block virus replication in the lung and provide cross-lineage protection against influenza virus. Quad M2SR, a quadrivalent form of this vaccine candidate, is currently in preclinical development.
Note: Preclinical development of a combined bivalent influenza/SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is underway
Hill-Batorski 2024
Moser 2023
Press Release 3-3-2023
Press Release 3-3-2023
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Hatta 2024 (PMID: 39591131)
Hill-Batorski 2024 (PMID: 39012796)
Sambhara 2024 (PMID: 39004095)
Eiden 2024 (PMID: 39004096)
Hill-Batorski 2023 (PMID: 37112710)
Eiden 2023 (PMID: 36350017)
Sarawar 2022 (PMID: 36560540)
Eiden 2022 (PMID: 34323977)
Eiden 2021 (PMID: 34960134)
Moser 2019 (PMID: 31280945)
Hatta 2018 (PMID: 30007825)
Hatta 2017 (PMID: 28668565)
Sarawar 2016 (PMID: 27595896)
Hatta 2011 (PMID: 21272601)
Watanabe 2009 (PMID: 19321619)
News story 8-15-2024
Press Release 7-12-2024
News story 10-3-2022
Press release 11-9-2022
Press release 9-7-2022
Press Release 8-1-2022
Press Release 7-27-2022
Press release 6-22-2022
Press release 8-2-2021
Press Release 7-1-2021
Press release 5-25-2021
Press Release 8-28-2019
EudraCT 2017-004971-30 (P2a)
NCT04960397 (P1b- Terminated)
NCT05163847 (P1b)
NCT04785794 (P1b)
NCT03553940 (P1)
NCT03999554 (P1)
NCT02822105 (P1)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)
Antigen(s)
M2-deficient H3N2 (M2SR)
BM2-deficient influenza B virus (BM2SR)
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hatta 2024 (PMID: 39591131)
Hill-Batorski 2023 (PMID: 37112710)
Sarawar 2022 (PMID: 36560540)
Moser 2019 (PMID: 31280945)
Hatta 2018 (PMID: 30007825)
Hatta 2017 (PMID: 28668565)
Sarawar 2016 (PMID: 27595896)
Hatta 2011 (PMID: 21272601)
Watanabe 2009 (PMID: 19321619)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Evaluate attenuation, shedding, and transmission of vaccine viruses (
Hatta 2024
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of quadrivalent form of M2SR, Quad M2SR (
Hill-Batorski 2023
Mice: Evaluate the mechanism of M2SR's durable protective immune responses (
Sarawar 2022
Mice: Evaluate efficacy against heterologous influenza B virus challenge (
Moser 2019
Ferrets: Evaluate efficacy with preexisting immunity to influenza (
Hatta 2018
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate efficacy against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (
Hatta 2017
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Sarawar 2016
Mice: Assess attenuation and protective efficacy (
Hatta 2011
Mice: Evaluate potential of M2KO influenza A virus as a live attenuated vaccine (
Watanabe 2009
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
2017-004971-30
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
2017-004971-30
: A Phase 2a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Bris10 M2SR (H3N2 A/Brisbane/10/2007) Vaccine Administered as a Single Intranasal Dose (Versus Placebo) in Healthy Adult Volunteers who are Subsequently Challenged with a Live, Antigenically Different Wild-type Influenza Type A Virus (A/Belgium/4217/2015 H3N2)
Formulation: Bris10 M2SR (H3N2)
120 Adults (18 to 55 years)
Madison, Wisconsin
Eiden 2022 (PMID: 36350017)
Eiden 2022 (PMID: 34323977)
Sponsor Press Release 1
(2/12/2019)
Sponsor Press Release 2
(2/12/2019)
Sponsor Press Release 3
(8/2/2021)
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
2/27/18
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/6/19
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/6/19
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT04960397
Trial 2 Status
Terminated
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT04960397
: Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of One or Two Doses of Sing2016 M2SR H3N2 Influenza Vaccine (Phase 1b)
Formulation: Sing2016 M2SR H3N2
140 Children (6 months to 17 years)
4 US study locations: Iowa, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee
Press release 9-7-2022
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
9/10/21
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
4/12/24
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
4/12/24
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05163847
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT05163847
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Cam2020 M2SR H3N2 Monovalent Influenza Vaccine Alone or With Licensed IIV in Older Adults (Phase 1b)
Formulation: Cam2020 M2SR H3N2
303 Older Adults (65 to 85 years)
6 US study locations: Florida, Kansas, New York, Ohio
Eiden 2024 (PMID: 39004096)
News Story 8-15-2024
Press release 6-22-2022
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 3 Study Start Date
6/14/22
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
11/3/22
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
11/3/22
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT04785794
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT04785794
: Safety and Immunogenicity of the Sing2016 M2SR H3N2 Monovalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults Ages 50 to 85 Years Old (Phase 1b)
Formulation: Sing2016 M2SR H3N2
122 Adults (50 to 85 years)
3 US study locations: California, Florida and Kansas
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 4 Study Start Date
6/30/21
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
11/30/21
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
11/30/21
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT03553940
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT03553940
: H3N2 M2SR in Pediatric Population
Formulation: Bris10 M2SR
43 Adolescents and Children (9 to 17 years)
Saint Louis, Missouri
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 5 Study Start Date
8/15/18
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
8/27/20
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
8/27/20
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT03999554
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 6 Information
NCT03999554
: Safety and Immunogenicity of the Bris10 M2SR and Sing2016 M2SR H3N2 Monovalent Influenza Vaccines
Formulation: Bris10 M2SR and Sing2016 M2SR H3N2
250 Adults (18-49 years)
4 US study locations: Florida, Kansas, Kentucky, Virginia
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 6 Study Start Date
9/3/19
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
7/1/20
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
7/1/20
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT02822105
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 7 Information
NCT02822105
: Safety and Immunogenicity Study of H3N2 M2SR Monovalent Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers
Formulation: H3N2 Bris10 M2SR
96 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Lenexa, Kansas
Hatta 2024
Hill-Batorski 2024
Eiden 2021 (PMID: 34960134)
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 7 Study Start Date
6/1/16
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
4/1/17
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
11/1/17
BPL-1357
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
BPL-1357
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
BPL-1357 contains 4 whole inactivated avian influenza virus strains: H7N3, H5N1, H3N8, and H1N9; administered either intranasally or intramuscularly; intended to induce mucosal immunity similar to the immune response following influenza infection including cellular and B cell responses.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Tudor Giurgea 2025
Bannerjee 2025
Larkin 2022 (PMID: 35943485)
Park 2022 (PMID: 35857640)
NCT07215858 (P2)
NCT05027932 (P1)
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press release 8-19-2022
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 6-28-2022
News Story 5-9-2025
News Story 5-5-2025
News Story 5-3-2025
News story 5-1-2025
Patent: Broadly Protective Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Inactivated influenza virus
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA and NA and internal proteins
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2022 (PMID: 35857640)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate efficacy (
Park 2022
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07215858
Trial 1 Status
Recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT07215858
: BPL-1357 Against H1N1 Influenza Virus Challenge
Formulation: BPL-1357
129 Adults (18 to 55 years)
2 US study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
6/23/26
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/1/28
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/1/28
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT05027932
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT05027932
: Safety and Immunogenicity of BPL-1357, A BPL-Inactivated, Whole-Virus, Universal Influenza Vaccine
Formulation: BPL-1357
45 Adults (18 to 55 years)
Maryland, USA
Interim Results:
Tudor Giurgea 2025
Larkin 2022
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results posted in registry, Interim results reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
6/27/22
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
6/13/23
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/13/23
deltaFLU
Developer
Vivaldi Biosciences (US)
Name
deltaFLU
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
The current approach uses the NS1-deficient (delNS-1) vaccine component in a heterologous prime-boost intranasal regimen consisting of paired delNS-1 strains containing different HA heads but a similar conserved HA stem. The prime vaccine contains delNS-1vaccine strains expressing a group 1 HA (H5N1), a group 2 HA (H3N2), and B Victoria. The boost vaccine contains delNS-1 strains expressing a group 1 HA (H1N1), a group 2 (H7N9), and B Yamagata. The current approach also uses a Vero cell-based manufacturing system.
Previously consisted of a single-dose, live replication-deficient nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-deficient trivalent influenza virus vaccine produced in Vero cells, administered intranasally.
Note: Delta-19 (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) + universal influenza) combination vaccine in preclinical development
Vivaldi Delta-19 Website
Delta-19 Infographic
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 11-29-2021
Press release 10-6-2021
Press release 11-23-2020
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Cnossen 2025 (PMID: 40486504)
Nicolodi 2019 (PMID: 31155415)
Morokutti 2014 (PMID: 24560674)
Mossler 2013 (PMID: 24183981)
Krenn 2011 (PMID: 21490925)
Wacheck 2010 (PMID: 20039806)
NCT01369862 (P1/2)
NCT01078701 (P2a)
NCT03745274 (P1)
NCT00724997 (P1)
Press Release 11-19-2025
Press Release 10-7-2025
Press Release 7-21-2025
Press Release 4-17-2025
Press Release 12-18-2023
Press Release 6-5-2023
Press Release 3-29-2023
Press Release 11-29-2021
Press Release 11-23-2020
Press Release 6-19-2019
Press Release 4-4-2018
Press Release 2-12-2018
Developer website
NIH Funding
Patent: Prime-boost influenza vaccine
Patent: High Growth Influenza Virus
Patent: Recombinant high growth rate influenza virus comprising mutations in M1…
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Influenza virus-based
Vaccine Platform
Replication-deficient LAIV
Antigen(s)
NS1-deficient influenza virus
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Self-adjuvanted
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Krenn 2011 (PMID: 21490925)
Grant Summary
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate pH level and temperature stability of HA to achieve optimal virus uptake (
Krenn 2011
Unknown: generate supporting information to advance these viruses into the clinic (
Grant Summary
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT01369862
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT01369862
: Study of Single Dose GHB16L2 Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults. (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: GHB16L2
80 Adults (18 to 60 years)
Vienna, Austria
Mossler 2013 (PMID: 24183981)
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed publication
Trial 1 Study Start Date
1/1/11
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/1/11
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
8/1/11
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT01078701
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT01078701
: Dose Finding Study of Single Dose GHB11L1 in Healthy Adults (GHB-CS07). (Phase 2a)
Formulation: GHB11L1
49 Adult males (18 to 50 years)
Vienna, Austria
Press Release 4-4-2018
Press Release 2-12-2018
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
12/1/09
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/1/10
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
5/1/10
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT03745274
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT03745274
: Two Doses of GHB04L1 for Pandemic Influenza Prophylaxis in Healthy Adults
Formulation: GHB04L1
36 Adults (17 to 50 years)
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Press Release 6/19/2019
Nicolodi 2019
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, peer-reviewed publication
Trial 3 Study Start Date
12/19/08
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
5/27/09
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
5/27/09
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT00724997
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT00724997
: Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase I Dose-escalation Study of Single Dose GHB01L1 in Healthy Volunteers (GHBCS-01)
Formulation: GHB01L1
48 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Vienna, Austria
Peer-reviewed publication:
Wacheck 2010
Peer-reviewed publication:
Morokutti 2014
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed publication
Trial 4 Study Start Date
3/1/07
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
8/1/08
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
7/1/08
Platform
Nucleic acid-based
47
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
ta-RNA, sa-RNA
Developer
BioNTech (Germany)
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany)
Name
ta-RNA, sa-RNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
RNA vaccine approach based on a novel split-vector system using trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA) or self-amplifying (saRNA) encoding HA antigen.
Key Sources
Perkovic 2023 (PMID: 36694464)
Beissert 2020 (PMID: 31624015)
Vogel 2018 (PMID: 29275847)
Developer Website: BioNTech
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Perkovic 2023 (PMID: 36694464)
Beissert 2020 (PMID: 31624015)
Vogel 2018 (PMID: 29275847)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of a simplified TR design (
Perkovic 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Beissert 2020
Mice: determine whether combining antigens in an RNA vaccine affects efficacy; compare sa-RNA vaccines to DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines (
Vogel 2018
LPP-HNH mRNA
Developer
China CDC (China)
Name
LPP-HNH mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A multi-antigen influenza mRNA vaccine, LPP-HNH mRNA, coding headless hemagglutinin (HA stem) and neuraminidase (NA) with three optimized sequences (HNH-ORI, HNH-E1 or HNH-E2) and delivered by lipopolyplex (LPP).
Key Sources
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41503581)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41503581)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Wang 2026
Chimeric HA and M2 mRNA cocktail
Developer
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (China)
Name
Chimeric HA and M2 mRNA cocktail
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA vaccine encoding two novel chimeric HAs, cH5/1-BV and cH7/3, as well as the intact M2 (termed Fluaxe), to protect at least six influenza subtypes, including two circulating IAV group 1 (H1N1 and H5N1), two IAV group 2 (H3N2 and H7N9), and two IBV lineages (Victoria and Yamagata). In addition, HAs from two highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), namely H5N1 and H7N9, were introduced to the mRNA-based vaccine to further combat the severe hazard of major poultry epizootics to human health
Key Sources
Yi 2025 (PMID: 40473642)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Yi 2025 (PMID: 40473642)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Yi 2025
mHAs
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
mHAs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA vaccine (mHAs) encoding the HA stem antigen of the influenza A (H1N1) virus.
Key Sources
Li 2023 (PMID: 38817814)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Li 2023 (PMID: 38817814)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate efficacy (
Li 2023
HA, NP, and 3M2e mRNA
Developer
Chinese PLA General Hospital (China)
Name
HA, NP, and 3M2e mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA vaccine encoding influenza hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and three tandem repeats of matrix protein 2 (3M2e).
Key Sources
Tian 2024 (PMID: 38805804)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Tian 2024 (PMID: 38805804)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Tian 2024
Consensus HA (2.3.4.4) DNA vaccine
Developer
Chungbuk National University (South Korea)
Name
Consensus HA (2.3.4.4) DNA vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
DNA vaccine encoding a consensus hemagglutinin (HA) from clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses [pGX-27/HA (2.3.4.4)]
Key Sources
Kim 2025 (PMID: 40902412)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kim 2025 (PMID: 40902412)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Kim 2025
20 mRNA-LNP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Name
20 mRNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Nucleoside modified mRNA vaccine constructs encoding either conserved antigens, or hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A and B virus subtypes aimed at inducing antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses to protect against diverse influenza virus strains.
Key Sources
Kirby 2023 (PMID: 36708722)
Villanueva 2023 (PMID: 36631700)
Gouma 2022 (PMID: 36533954)
Pecetta 2022 (PMID: 36469761)
O'Leary 2022 (PMID: 36450841)
Kelvin 2022 (PMID: 36423290)
Arevalo 2022 (PMID: 36423275)
McMahon 2022 (PMID: 36322769)
Pardi 2022 (PMID: 35945226)
Muramatsu 2022 (PMID: 35131437)
Alameh 2021 (PMID: 34852217)
Freyn 2021 (PMID: 34485597)
Willis 2020 (PMID: 31915303)
Freyn 2020 (PMID: 32359470)
Pardi 2018 (PMID: 30135514)
Limberis 2013 (PMID: 23720583)
News Story 2023
Press Release 12-6-2022
Press Release 12-6-2022
Press Release 11-25-2022
Patent: Universal influenza vaccine and methods and use (US20240374708A1)
Patent: Universal influenza vaccine using nucleoside-modified mRNA
NIH Funding
NIH Funding
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Gouma 2022 (PMID: 36533954)
Arevalo 2022 (PMID: 36423275)
McMahon 2022 (PMID: 36322769)
Pardi 2022 (PMID: 35945226)
Muramatsu 2022 (PMID: 35131437)
Alameh 2021 (PMID: 34852217)
Freyn 2021 (PMID: 34485597)
Willis 2020 (PMID: 31915303)
Freyn 2020 (PMID: 32359470)
Pardi 2018 (PMID: 30135514)
Limberis 2013 (PMID: 23720583)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines expressing wild-type and egg-adapted H3s with a conventional inactivated egg-based influenza vaccine (
Gouma 2022
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Arevalo 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
McMahon 2022
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Pardi 2022
Mice: Comparative immunization studies that vaccines do not lose potency after 12 weeks of storage (
Muramatsu 2022)
Mice: Demonstrate LNPs ability to deliver mRNA (
Alameh 2021
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Freyn 2021
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity; demonstrate that influenza virus-specific matAbs inhibited de novo antibody responses in mouse pups elicited by influenza infections or conventional influenza vaccines (
Willis 2020
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, nucleoside-modifiend mRNA vaccines (
Freyn 2020
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity; determine if HA stalk-specific antibodies could be elicited with a different influenza HA immunogen; evaluate protective efficacy; evaluate protective immune response against antigenically distant subtypes; Rabbits and Ferrets: evaluate potency of nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP influenza virus vaccine (
Pardi 2018
Mice: Evaluate efficacy of nasal delivery; evaluate the potential of AAV9.FI6 as a vaccine for pandemic influenza; Ferrets: evaluate efficacy of intranasal delivery; Rhesus macaques: assess feasibility of translating this intranasal delivery strategy into primates (
Limberis 2015
cHA-based mRNA-LNP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Emory University (US)
Name
cHA-based mRNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Universal vaccine that targets the H1 stalk through a prime-boost regimen consisting of sequential cH8/1 and cH5/1 vaccination expressed by nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) and unmodified self-amplifying mRNA in modified dendritic nanoparticles (sam-MDNP).
Key Sources
Styles 2025 (PMID: 41005301)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Styles 2025 (PMID: 41005301)
Preclinical Studies
Rhesus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Styles 2025
COBRA HA-encoding mRNA
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of Georgia (US)
Name
COBRA HA-encoding mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)
Key Sources
Allen and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38533508)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Allen and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38533508)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate effectiveness of mRNA encoding COBRA HA antigens at eliciting broadly protective antibody responses against diverse panels of H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine strains from the last decade (
Allen and Ross 2024
mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of North Carolina (US)
University of Georgia (US)
Name
mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen, which is based on a full length HA consensus sequence; adjuvanted with acetlyated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs) encapsulating a STING agonist.
Key Sources
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38844178)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
cGAMP loaded Ace-DEX MPs
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38844178)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate whether cGAMP loaded Ace-DEX MPs could enhance the immunogenicity of a mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen (
Hendy 2024
NA-F2A-HA mRNA-LNP
Developer
Duke University (US)
Name
NA-F2A-HA mRNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An mRNA vaccine platform that delivers NA and HA as a single open reading frame (ORF) to enable expression of multiple unmodified antigens from a single mRNA, using a unique glycoprotein organization with an artificial furin cleavage site and 2A ribosome-skipping sequences.
Key Sources
Leonard 2024 (PMID: 39379405)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Leonard 2024 (PMID: 39379405)
Preclinical Studies
Leonard 2024
Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine
Developer
Duke University (US)
Name
Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Cocktail approach to DNA vaccination consisting of two DNAs encoding viral hemagglutinin (HA) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF), respectively
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40248361)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
GM-CSF
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40248361)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Wang 2024
Ferritin-Based HA DNA
Developer
Fudan University (China)
Name
Ferritin-Based HA DNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
DNA vaccine construct expressing seasonal influenza HA antigen as ferritin-displayed HA nanoparticles (HA-Ferritin)
Key Sources
Lin 2025 (PMID: 40733722)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lin 2025 (PMID: 40733722)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Lin 2025
5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–encapsulated 5xM2e mRNA vaccine encoding the tandem repeat conserved ectodomain (M2e) of ion channel protein M2 derived from human, swine, and avian influenza A viruses. Administered alone or co-administered with an inactivated split vaccine. Research includes the development of an influenza B virus NA mRNA vaccine candidate, co-administered with conventional split influenza B vaccine at low doses, to induce cross-lineage protection.
Key Sources
Le 2025 (PMID: 40265888)
Grovenstein 2025 (PMID: 40073270)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
alum; combination QS-21/MPL
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Le 2025 (PMID: 40265888)
Grovenstein 2025 (PMID: 40073270)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of a new cross-protective mRNA construct encoding influenza B virus (IBV) NA conjugated to 4xM2e tandem repeat (NA mRNA)(
Le 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity, and determine if the 5xM2e mRNA vaccine has adjuvant effects on enhancing immune responses to a coadministered inactivated split vaccine (
Grovenstein 2025
cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent mRNA vaccines
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent mRNA vaccines
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A multivalent influenza mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine with mRNAs of hemagglutinins from influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, matrix protein 1, and nucleoprotein, adjuvanted with cGAMP
Key Sources
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36420215)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intradermal
Adjuvant
cGAMP
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36420215)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhu 2022
mRNA LNP prime and intranasal PHC boost
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
mRNA LNP prime and intranasal PHC boost
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Heterologous sequential mRNA LNP priming followed by intranasal protein nanoparticle boosting immunization to confer optimal cross-protection against antigenically drifted and shifted influenza strains.
See also Georgia State University’s, HA/GP nanoparticles and cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent mRNA vaccines
Key Sources
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38987276)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38987276)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: investigate if and how various prime-boost immunization strategies affect cross-protection efficacy against influenza using mRNA LNP and protein-based PHC nanoparticle vaccines targeting hemagglutinin (HA) (
Dong 2024
Octavalent influenza vaccines
Developer
Ghent University (Belgium)
Sanofi (France)
Name
Octavalent influenza vaccines
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Octavalent formulations (four HAs and four NAs) delivered as either: (1) mRNA-LNPs encoding full length HA and NA antigens, or (2) AF03-adjuvanted recombinant proteins
Key Sources
Catani 2026 (PMID: 41571650)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
HA and NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AF03
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Catani 2026 (PMID: 41571650)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Catani 2026
Influenza B mHA mRNA-LNPs
Developer
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
Influenza B mHA mRNA-LNPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Influenza B mosaic HA (mHA), containing only the immunodominant HA head epitopes, delivered via nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP).
Key Sources
González-Domínguez 2026
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Mosaic hemagglutinin
Chimeric hemagglutinin
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
González-Domínguez 2026
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
González-Domínguez 2026
dbDNA-encoded NA
Developer
Imperial College London (UK)
Name
dbDNA-encoded NA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Influenza virus vaccines made using a closed linear DNA platform, Doggybone™ DNA (dbDNA), produced by a rapid and scalable cell-free method and encoding NA
Key Sources
Cunliffe 2024 (PMID: 38567290)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intraperitoneal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Cunliffe 2024 (PMID: 38567290)
Preclinical Studies
Evaluate immunogenicity and the breadth of response when including NA in nucleic acid vaccines. (
Cunliffe 2024
pABOL-formulated saRNA vaccine
Developer
Imperial College London (UK)
Name
pABOL-formulated saRNA vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Bioreducible cationic polymer, pABOL used for the delivery of a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine expressing either haemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 or H3N2 influenza virus in a prime boost regime
Key Sources
McKay 2022 (PMID: 35996628)
Blakney 2021 (PMID: 34418521)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
sa-RNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
McKay 2022 (PMID: 35996628)
Blakney 2021 (PMID: 34418521)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity (
McKay 2022
Mice: test and characterize protein expression and immunogenicity of saRNA formulated with either pABOL or LNP; and evaluate effect of route of administration on immunogenicity (
Blakney 2021
BHAG3
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
BHAG3
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
DNA vaccine based on the IBV hemagglutinin (HA) gene and conserved antigenic epitopes of both the HA, M2e and NA genes
Key Sources
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 41235250)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Antigen(s)
HA, NA and M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Electroporation
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 41235250)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of IBV full-length HA in tandem with HA, M2e, and NA antigenic epitopes as antigens (
Zhu 2025
HA-F DNA vaccine
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
HA-F DNA vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A DNA vaccine designed by fusing influenza virus HA with self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles aimed at providing robust immunogenicity, high protective efficacy and being an effective vaccine with rapid production
Key Sources
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35040188)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35040188)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Qiao 2022
Multi-epitope mRNA-based vaccines (MH, MH-T, and MH-TF)
Developer
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control (China)
Name
Multi-epitope mRNA-based vaccines (MH, MH-T, and MH-TF)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-assembled mRNA-based multi-epitope influenza vaccine, which combines three conserved antigens derived from the influenza A virus (M2 ion channel’s extracellular domain (M2e), the conserved epitope of located in HA2 of hemagglutinin (H1, H3, B), and HA1 of hemagglutinin)
Key Sources
Di 2024 (PMID: 39445022)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Di 2024 (PMID: 39445022)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Di 2024
mRNA/LNP vaccine
Developer
Merck & Co. (US)
Name
mRNA/LNP vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
LNP-encapsulated chemically modified mRNA vaccines encoding various forms of influenza antigens
Key Sources
Flynn 2022 (PMID: 35680500)
Developer Website: Merck
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Flynn 2022 (PMID: 35680500)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Non-human primates: evaluate immunogenicity and protection (
Flynn 2022
CTB-4×M2e-cHA2
Developer
Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (China)
Name
CTB-4×M2e-cHA2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
mRNA-based broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses
Key Sources
Xu 2025 (PMID: 39957235)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Xu 2025 (PMID: 39957235)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Xu 2025
H1c-mRNA-LNP
Developer
National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines (China)
Name
H1c-mRNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine (mRNA-LNPs) that encodes a consensus full-length HA sequence (H1c)
Key Sources
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37067355)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37067355)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Ma 2023
mRNA-Flu
Developer
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Netherlands)
Name
mRNA-Flu
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP encoding three conserved internal proteins of H1N1 influenza virus, NP, M1, and PB1
Key Sources
van de Ven 2022 (PMID: 36516261)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
van de Ven 2022 (PMID: 36516261)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Investigated if protective immunity could be induced and enhanced by vaccination with nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP encoding for three conserved internal proteins of H1N1 influenza virus, NP, M1 and PB1 (mRNA-Flu) (
van de Ven 2022
HFPA-mRNA
Developer
National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (China)
Name
HFPA-mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
High-frequency prevalent antigen (HFPA)-mRNA vaccine based on 10-year prevalent sequences of HA, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and the HA stem.
Key Sources
Cheng 2025 (PMID: 41049090)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Cheng 2025 (PMID: 41049090)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate broad-spectrum protective effects of the prevalent antigens (
Cheng 2025
HA-mRNA-LNP
Developer
Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Name
HA-mRNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Trivalent HA-mRNA vaccine encoding H1, H3, and B/Victoria antigens corresponding to seasonal influenza viruses
Key Sources
Mazunina 2024 (PMID: 38690272)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Mazunina 2024 (PMID: 38690272)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Mazunina 2024
MLN-mRNA
Developer
Shanghai Institute of Biological Products (China)
Name
MLN-mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A novel mRNA-based multiantigen influenza vaccine based on a single mRNA molecule with a tandem of three conserved antigens of influenza A virus, including the ectodomain of the M2 ion channel (M2e), the long alpha helix of haemagglutinin stalk region (LAH), and nucleoprotein (NP)
Key Sources
Xiong 2023 (PMID: 37671994)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Xiong 2023 (PMID: 37671994)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of prime-boost immunization (
Xiong 2023
Ubiquitin-mediated mRNA vaccine (Ub-Re-N)
Developer
Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (China)
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control (China)
Name
Ubiquitin-mediated mRNA vaccine (Ub-Re-N)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Ubiquitin gene fused with the influenza virus N protein and structurally rearranged to construct a novel mRNA vaccine
Key Sources
Di 2025 (PMID: 40895807)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Di 2025 (PMID: 40895807)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Di 2025
Quadrivalent HA mRNA
Developer
St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (US)
Name
Quadrivalent HA mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Quadrivalent mRNA vaccine encoding HA from four seasonal influenza viruses
Key Sources
Kackos 2023 (PMID: 37828126)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kackos 2023 (PMID: 37828126)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Kackos 2023
mRNA-Vector-Flu
Developer
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Russia)
Name
mRNA-Vector-Flu
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Lyophilized naked mRNA vaccine against seasonal influenza encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) of the A/Wisconsin/67/2022(H1N1)pdm09, A/Darwin/9/2021(H3N2), and B/Austria/1359417/2021 strains; administered via a needle-free jet injection (JI) system
Key Sources
Sharabrin 2026 (PMID: 41600972)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Jet injection
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Sharabrin 2026 (PMID: 41600972)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare immunogenicity between synthesized immediately before use prepared and lyophilized naked mRNA-Vector-Flu (
Sharabrin 2026
Mosaic NA1 (mNA1)
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
Mosaic NA1 (mNA1)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A series of genetic algorithm-based mosaic NA1 (mNA1) designed, then cloned into recombinant DNA and replication-defective
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
(VSV) vector
Key Sources
Han 2024 (PMID: 39117282)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Han 2024 (PMID: 39117282)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Han 2024
NA-targeting circRNA vaccine
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
NA-targeting circRNA vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines containing N1, N2, and influenza B virus NA antigens to elicit broad-spectrum NA immunity against heterologous influenza
Key Sources
Yue 2024 (PMID: 39285168)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
circRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Yue 2024 (PMID: 39285168)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Yue 2024
DVX-pan-H5Nx
Developer
University of Cambridge (UK)
DIOSynVax (UK)
Name
DVX-pan-H5Nx
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Digitally Immune Optimised Synthetic Vaccine (DIOSynVax) technology used to select cross-reactive antigens and combine different classes of the best antigen combinations into mRNA vaccine antigen payloads (VAP) to create a broadly protective, thermostable mRNA vaccine candidate, DVX-pan-H5Nx
Key Sources
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Heeney 2025 (Preprint)
Moss 2025
Press Release 4-22-2025
News Story 8-29-2019
Patent: Influenza Vaccines
Developer Website: DIOSynVax
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Heeney 2025 (Preprint)
Moss 2025
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Huang 2025
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Heeney 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Moss 2025
HA-encoding mRNA
Developer
University of Georgia (US)
Name
HA-encoding mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Novel quadrivalent mRNA influenza vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) proteins.
Key Sources
Reneer 2024 (PMID: 38635725)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Reneer 2024 (PMID: 38635725)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Reneer 2024
samRNA-COBRA
Developer
University of Georgia (US)
Name
samRNA-COBRA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Influenza hemagglutinin sequences developed using computationally optimized broadly-reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology, expressed from a self-amplifying mRNA (samRNA) vector to elicit broadly-reactive, protective immunity
Key Sources
Pierce 2025 (PMID: 40617088)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Pierce 2025 (PMID: 40617088)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity (
Pierce 2025
RNA-Scaffold-Protein Vaccine (RSPVac)
Developer
University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)
Name
RNA-Scaffold-Protein Vaccine (RSPVac)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Protein-RNA vaccine that comprises purified recombinant proteins complexed with in vitro transcribed short, non-coding RNAs. The recombinant protein is a fusion construct consisting of the viral surface antigen (HA head) and the influenza nucleoprotein; administered intranasally as a prime-boost.
Key Sources
Lam 2026 (PMID: 41865676)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
RNA
Antigen(s)
HA head
NP
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lam 2026 (PMID: 41865676)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Lam 2026
circRNA-M2e
Developer
University of Michigan (US)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
circRNA-M2e
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Pulmonary circRNA influenza vaccine based on pulmonary delivery of M2e-encoding small circRNA using ionizable LNPs
Key Sources
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40930161)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
circRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intratracheal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40930161)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhang 2025
Self amplifying mRNA
Developer
University of Minnesota (US)
Name
Self amplifying mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine encoding the influenza A virus nucleoprotein that is encapsulated in modified dendron-based nanoparticles.
Key Sources
Kunzli 2022 (PMID: 36459542)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kunzli 2022 (PMID: 36459542)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity related to immunization route (
Kunzli 2022
Multiple HA-DNA
Developer
University of Oslo (Norway)
Name
Multiple HA-DNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
DNA-encoded vaccine proteins targeting APCs; uses either the ectodomain of NA as an antigen, or HA genes from 16 different HAs representing nearly all of the different HA subtypes (except H1 and H7), or from all 18 subtypes, and inserts them into a DNA vaccine format; or co-delivery of a mixture of plasmids in such a way that both APC targeting and bivalency is maintained for both HA and NA; aimed at inducing NA immunity and delivery of the HA protein antigens to MHC class II molecules on APCs.
Key Sources
Werninghaus 2026 (PMID: 41764724)
Anderson 2026 (PMID: 41568167)
Hinke 2024 (PMID: 38346952)
Schneider 2023 (PMID: 37201525)
Werninghaus 2023 (PMID: 36926694)
Andersen 2021 (PMID: 34691056)
Grodeland 2020 (PMID: 32269566)
Braathen 2020 (PMID: 32128342)
Anderson 2018 (PMID: 29427414)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Antigen(s)
HA and NA
Delivery Mechanism
Electroporation
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Werninghaus 2026 (PMID: 41764724)
Anderson 2026 (PMID: 41568167)
Hinke 2024 (PMID: 38346952)
Werninghaus 2023 (PMID: 36926694)
Andersen 2021 (PMID: 34691056)
Grodeland 2020 (PMID: 32269566)
Braathen 2020 (PMID: 32128342)
Anderson 2018 (PMID: 29427414)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy of co-delivery of a mixture of plasmids in such a way that both APC targeting and bivalency is maintained for both HA and NA (
Werninghaus 2026
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy and improvement in cross protection by targeting the HA mixtures to APCs by MIP1α (
Anderson 2026
Mice: Evaluate if such a valency-based immuno-selection strategy could enhance induction of broadly reactive antibody responses against ordinarily subdominant HA epitopes (
Hinke 2024
Mice: Evaluate vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity (
Werninghaus 2023
Mice: Compare immunogenicity to Pandermix, an adjuvanted inactivated split virion vaccine administered during the 2009 influenza pandemic (
Andersen 2021
Mice: Evaluate enhanced immunogenicity approach with HA stem inserted into previous vaccine format (
Groodeland 2020
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Braathen 2020
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity; assess potential enhancement of immune responses resulting from targeting of HA to MHCII molecules (
Anderson 2018
HD-MAP delivered HA-based DNA vaccine
Developer
University of Queensland (Australia)
Name
HD-MAP delivered HA-based DNA vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
High-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) delivery of a DNA vaccine encoding the influenza A/California/01/2009 (H1N1pdm09) haemagglutinin (HA) antigen
Key Sources
Entriken 2025 (PMID: 41236534)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Antigen(s)
HA
Delivery Mechanism
High-density microarray patch (HD-MAP)
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Entriken 2025 (PMID: 41236534)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare IgG responses with HD-MAP delivery to standard intramuscular (IM) injection (
Entriken 2025
Capless mRNA
Developer
University of South Alabama (US)
Name
Capless mRNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A capless mRNA vector that includes a double (instead of a triple) hairpin at the 5’ end and encodes the full length hemagglutinin (HA) of the Influenza A virus, complexed with pre-formed lipid-based nanoparticles and used as a vaccine
Key Sources
Solodushko 2025 (PMID: 39988620)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Solodushko 2025 (PMID: 39988620)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Solodushko 2025
IAV NP mRNA/DDO268
Developer
Washington University (US)
Name
IAV NP mRNA/DDO268
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Viral-derived oligonucleotides (DDO) adjuvanted mRNA vaccine encoding the IAV NP
Key Sources
Gnazzo 2024 (PMID: 39553933)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
DDO268
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Gnazzo 2024 (PMID: 39553933)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate and compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy with and without adjuvant (
Gnazzo 2024
HA DNA-LNP
Developer
Wistar Institute (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Name
HA DNA-LNP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Tailored formulation of plasmid DNA into lipid nanoparticles (DNA-LNPs) that induces robust innate and adaptive immunity
Key Sources
Tursi 2025 (PMID: 40120578)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
LNP adjuvanted
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Tursi 2025 (PMID: 40120578)
Preclinical Studies
Mice, Rabbits: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Tursi 2025
pVACC-NPH1 and pVACC-NPH3 DNA vaccines
Developer
Wistar Institute (US)
Name
pVACC-NPH1 and pVACC-NPH3 DNA vaccines
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Synthetic DNA vaccine candidates encoding vaccine-aligned common consensus (VACC) immunogens designed to represent the immune diversity of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 virus NP proteins (pVACC-NPH1; pVACC-NPH3)
Key Sources
Gary 2025 (PMID: 41383614)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Antigen(s)
Nucleoprotein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Plasmid-encoded adjuvant pIL-12
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Gary 2025 (PMID: 41383614)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Gary 2025
sa-RNA (ARCT-2138)
Developer
Arcturus Therapeutics (US)
CSL Seqirus (Australia)
Name
sa-RNA (ARCT-2138)
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Self-amplifying RNA seasonal influenza vaccine (ARCT-2138) administered intramuscularly
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
NCT06125691 (P1)
Press Release 11-10-2025
Press Release 8-11-2025
Press Release 5-8-2024
Press Release 3-7-2024
Press Release 11-1-2022
Press Release 8-1-2022
Arcturus prospectus
Developer website: Arcturus Therapeutics
Developer website: CSL Seqirus
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
sa-RNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06125691
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT06125691
: Safety and Immunogenicity First-in-human Dose-ranging Study of Self-Amplifying RNA Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Adults
Formulation: ARCT-2138
139 Adults and older adults (18 to 85 years)
2 Australian study locations: Brisbane and Melbourne
Press release 8-11-2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
1/22/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/10/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
1/7/25
Centi-Flu 01
Developer
Centivax (US)
Name
Centi-Flu 01
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
An mRNA-based, multivalent mixture of low doses of 30 computationally selected, conserved HA epitopes, aimed at eliciting broadly protective antibody and cellular immune responses.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Bedi 2023 (PMID: 37196356)
Glanville 2020 (Preprint)
ACTRN12626000259347
Press Release 3-30-2026
Press Release 2-12-2026
News Story 4-1-2026
Developer Website: Centivax
Patent: Epitope focusing by variable effective antigen surface concentration
Patent: Optimized vaccine compositions and methods for making the same
Patent: Vaccine compositions and uses thereof
Patent: Influenza vaccines and uses thereof
Patent: Low dose vaccine compositions
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
Epitope based
Antigen(s)
30 conserved HA epitopes
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Glanville 2020 (Preprint)
Preclinical Studies
Pigs: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Glanville 2020
(Preprint))
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
ACTRN12626000259347
Trial 1 Status
Recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
ACTRN12626000259347
: A Phase 1a/b Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation Study with an Open-Label Active-Controlled Phase, to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Centi-Flu 01 in Healthy Adults 18 Years of Age and Older
Formulation: Centi-Flu 01
180 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
US and UK study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
2/5/26
H1 HA mRNA-LNP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Name
H1 HA mRNA-LNP
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
An mRNA encoding the full-length HA of influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1).
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Page 2025 (PMID: 41453893)
NCT05945485 (P1)
Press Release 5-15-2023
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Page 2025 (PMID: 41453893)
Preclinical Studies
NHP (newborn African green monkey): evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of HA mRNA-LNP vaccine in newborns (
Page 2025
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05945485
Trial 1 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05945485
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Doses of DCVC H1 HA mRNA-LNP in Healthy Adults
Formulation: DCVC H1 HA mRNA
50 Adults (18 to 49 years)
1 US study location
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/16/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
6/1/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
6/1/26
H1ssF_3928 mRNA-LNP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Name
H1ssF_3928 mRNA-LNP
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
mRNA expressing influenza H1 stabilized stem (H1ss) covalently fused to H. pylori ferritin (F)
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
NCT05755620 (P1)
Press Release 5-15-2023
Patent: Immunogenic Compositions
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
H1 stem
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05755620
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05755620
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of H1ssF-3928 mRNA-LNP in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUNPF099-00-VP (H1ssF_3928)
50 Adults (18 to 49 years)
1 US study location: North Carolina
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
4/5/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
10/3/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
10/3/25
sa-mRNA (CSL400)
Developer
CSL Seqirus (Australia)
Name
sa-mRNA (CSL400)
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Self-amplifying mRNA influenza vaccine candidate developed to co-express HA and NA
Formerly: sa-mRNA (SQ012) and sa-mRNA bicistronic vaccine
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Chang 2025 (PMID: 39956088)
Chueng 2023 (PMID: 37794051)
Chang 2022 (PMID: 36320414)
NCT06028347 (P1)
Press Release 10-5-2022
Developer website: CSL Seqirus
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chang 2025 (PMID: 39956088)
Chueng 2023 (PMID: 37794051)
Chang 2022 (PMID: 36320414)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate the differences and similarities between mRNA- and sa-mRNA–based vaccines (
Chang 2025
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of multiple sa-mRNA constructs expressing HA and/or NA from four clinically relevant influenza strains (
Chueng 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity; Ferrets: evaluate efficacy (
Chang 2022
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06028347
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT06028347
: Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity Study of a Self-Amplifying mRNA Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Formulation unspecified
96 Adults and older adults (18 to 85 years)
2 Australian study locations: Brisbane and Melbourne
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/5/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
10/13/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
10/13/24
Novel H5 Central Antigen mRNA-LNP
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
Novel H5 Central Antigen mRNA-LNP
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
A nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding a stabilized, antigenically central HA from influenza A(H5), based on A/Anhui/1/2005 (clade 2.3.4) with substitutions 222QL, 224GS, 156TA, and 134TA. The 2119-nt mRNA is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for intramuscular delivery.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
NCT07019883 (P1)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
H5
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Kok 2025
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07019883
Trial 1 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT07019883
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Doses of a Novel H5 Central Antigen mRNA-LNP in Healthy Adults
Formulations: H5 AC-Anhui RNA Vaccine and H5 Astrakhan RNA Vaccine
80 Adults (18 to 45 years)
3 US study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
6/12/25
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
5/15/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
5/15/26
mRNA-1230
Developer
Moderna (US)
Name
mRNA-1230
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Multi-component mRNA SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine administered intramuscularly.
Goal
COVID+Influenza
Key Sources
NCT05585632 (P1)
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 3-22-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Developer Website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
RSV fusion glycoprotein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05585632
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05585632
: A Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity Study of mRNA-1045 (Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus [RSV]) or mRNA-1230 (Influenza, RSV, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) Vaccine in Adults 50 to 75 Years Old
392 Adults and Older Adults (50 to 75 years)
30 study locations: Australia, US and UK
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/14/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
2/28/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
2/28/24
Micro-consensus DNA vaccine
Developer
Wistar Institute (US)
Inovio Pharmaceuticals (US)
Name
Micro-consensus DNA vaccine
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Synthetic microconsensus DNA platform based on 4 plasmid-encoding microconsensus H1 and H3 HA antigens, each containing a limited consensus sequence based on analysis of a subset of primary sequences of H1 and H3 HA antigens; aimed at inducing protective levels of HAI titers to diverse isolates of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza; delivered by intradermal/intramuscular electroporation (EP); aimed at eliciting antibody and T-cell responses.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Xu 2020 (PMID: 32328416)
Yan 2018 (PMID: 29100705)
Elliott 2018 (PMID: 30062926)
Yan 2014 (PMID: 24631084)
Kichaev 2013 (PMID: 23954979)
NCT01587131 (P1)
NCT01405885 (P1)
NCT01403155 (P1)
NCT01184976 (P1)
NCT01142362 (P1)
Developer website: Wistar Institute
Developer website: Inovio Pharmaceuticals
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
DNA
Delivery Mechanism
Electroporation
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Xu 2020 (PMID: 32328416)
Yan 2018 (PMID: 29100705)
Elliott 2018 (PMID: 30062926)
Yan 2014 (PMID: 24631084)
Kichaev 2013 (PMID: 23954979)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Guinea Pigs: Evaluate delivery methods, immunogenicity and efficacy (
Xu 2020
Mice, guinea pics, non human primates and ferrets: Evaluate efficacy (
Yan 2018
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Elliot 2018
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Yan 2014
Guinea pigs, rabbits, mice: Evaluate electroporation delivery method (
Kichaev 2013
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT01587131
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT01587131
: DNA-based Influenza Vaccine in the Elderly
50 Older Adults (65 years and older)
Manitoba, Canada
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
6/1/12
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/1/14
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/1/15
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT01405885
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT01405885
: A Study of DNA Vaccine With Electroporation for the Prevention of Disease Caused by H1 and H5 Influenza Virus
116 Adults (18 to 55 years)
3 US study locations: Florida, Kansas, Maryland
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
5/1/11
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
8/1/13
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
8/1/13
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT01403155
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT01403155
: A Follow-On Study With an H5 Influenza Vaccine for Subjects Who Participated in Study FLU-001
22 Adults (18 to 50 years)
2 US study locations: Kansas and Maryland
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
5/1/11
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
8/1/12
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
8/1/12
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT01184976
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT01184976
: Study Of VGX-3400, H5N1 Avian Flu Virus Plasmid DNA With Electroporation Device In Healthy Adult Males
30 Adults (18 to 39 years)
2 South Korea study locations
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
8/1/10
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
4/1/12
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
4/1/12
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT01142362
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT01142362
: Study of VGX-3400X, H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus DNA Plasmid + Electroporation in Healthy Adults
32 Adults (18 to 50 years)
2 US study locations: Kansas and Maryland
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
6/1/10
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
11/1/11
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
11/1/11
mRNA Flu/COVID-19 combination vaccine
Developer
GSK (UK)
Name
mRNA Flu/COVID-19 combination vaccine
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Combination mRNA Flu/COVID-19 vaccine with flu portion targeting multiple strains of the flu virus and the COVID-19 part focusing on the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Goal
COVID + Influenza
Key Sources
NCT06680375 (P1/2)
NCT07464314 (P1)
Press Release 12-18-2025
Press Release 6-12-2025
Press Release 4-10-2025
Press Release 7-3-2024
Developer website: GSK
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
HA
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Studies
Unknown
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06680375
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT06680375
: A Study of an Investigational Flu Seasonal/​SARS-CoV-2 Combination Vaccine in Adults (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: GSK5475152 mRNA Seasonal Flu/COVID-19
106 Adults (18 to 64 years)
9 US study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
11/11/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
6/9/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
6/9/25
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT07464314
Trial 2 Status
Recruiting
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT07464314
: A Study on the Safety and Immune Response of Investigational mRNA Seasonal Flu/​COVID-19 Combination Vaccine in Adults (P1)
Formulation: Investigational mRNA Seasonal Flu/COVID-19 Combination (Flu/COVm) Vaccine
225 Older Adults (65 to 85 years)
2 US study locations: California, Florida
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
3/9/26
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
12/3/26
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/3/27
Multivalent Modified mRNA
Developer
GSK (UK)
Name
Multivalent Modified mRNA
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
An mRNA-based modified, multivalent construct including the 4 WHO recommended influenza strain antigens. Other formulations include a monovalent mRNA influenza vaccine encoding influenza A/H1N1 HA.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Leroux-Roels 2026 (PMID: 41701031)
Lutz 2017 (PMID: 29263884)
Kallen 2013 (PMID: 23921513)
Petsch 2012 (PMID: 23159882)
NCT07204964 / EUCT 2025-522599-97-00 (P2)
NCT07121192 (P2a)
NCT06431607 (P2a)
NCT05823974 (P1/2)
NCT05446740 (P1)
NCT05252338 (P1)
Press Release 12-18-2025
Press Release 6-12-2025
Press Release 11-12-2024
Press Release 9-12-2024
News story 9-12-2024
Press Release 7-3-2024
Press Release 4-4-2024
Press Release 11-1-2023
Press Release 9-12-2023
Press Release 5-8-2023
Press Release 4-25-2023
Press Release 1-30-2023
Press Release 2-10-2022
GSK presentation 2024
GSK Presentation 2023
Patent: Influenza mRNA Vaccines
Developer website: GSK
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Self-adjuvanted
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lutz 2017 (PMID: 29263884)
Kallen 2013 (PMID: 23921513)
Petsch 2012 (PMID: 23159882)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare mRNA vaccines to licensed vaccines based on inactivated virus; evaluate immunogenicity; evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Lutz 2017
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of RNActive vaccine; evaluate whether a more conserved antigen could mediate protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenge; Pigs: investigate whether RNActive vaccines are immunogenic to animals with a weight more similar to humans (
Kallen 2013
Ferrets, mice, pigs: evaluate immunogenicity (
Petsch 2012
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07204964
Trial 1 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT07204964
EUCT 2025-522599-97-00
: A Study to Evaluate the Immune Response and Safety of an Influenza Vaccine in Adults 18 Years of Age and Above
Formulations: GSK6498032A and GSK6479720A
971 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
17 study locations: US and Belgium
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/7/25
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
7/31/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
7/31/26
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT07121192
Trial 2 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT07121192
: A Study to Assess the Immune Response and Safety of a Vaccine Against Influenza in Adults 18 Years of Age and Older (Phase 2a)
Formulations: GSK6479720A and GSK6479715A
776 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
22 US locations
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
8/25/25
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/15/26
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
5/15/26
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT06431607
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT06431607
: A Study to Find the Dose and Assess the Immune Response and Safety of a Vaccine Against Influenza in Healthy Younger and Older Adults (Phase 2a)
Formulation: GSK4382276A
840 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 85 years)
18 US locations
Press release 9-12-2024
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 3 Study Start Date
5/23/23
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
12/27/24
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
6/4/25
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT05823974
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT05823974
: A Study to Assess the Safety and Immune Response of a Vaccine Against Influenza in Healthy Younger and Older Adults (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: GSK4382276A
1275 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 80 years)
41 study locations: US, Belgium, Canada, and South Africa
Press Release 4-4-2024
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 4 Study Start Date
4/27/23
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
12/18/24
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
7/2/24
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT05446740
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT05446740
: A Study on the Safety, Reactogenicity and Immune Response of a Vaccine Against Influenza in Healthy Younger and Older Adults
Formulations: Monovalent GSK4382276A
324 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 80 years)
7 Study Locations: Belgium, Canada, Spain
Press releases:
Press Release 1-6-2024
Press Release 11-14-2023
Results:
Leroux-Roels 2026
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 5 Study Start Date
8/9/22
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
3/26/24
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
3/26/24
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT05252338
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 6 Information
NCT05252338
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccine CVSQIV in Healthy Adults
Formulation: CVSQIV
240 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
3 Panama study locations
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 6 Study Start Date
2/7/22
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
9/27/22
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
9/27/22
saRNA
Developer
Pfizer (US)
Name
saRNA
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Self-amplifying ribonucleic acid (saRNA) vaccine delivered intramuscularly
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
ISRCTN13789612 (P1/2)
NCT05227001 (P1)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
sa-RNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
ISRCTN13789612
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
ISRCTN13789612
: A study to evaluate if influenza virus vaccines (modRNA and saRNA) can prevent influenza infection in healthy adults (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: Monovalent modRNA HA, Bivalent saRNA, Bivalent modRNA
240 Adults (18 to 55 years)
United Kingdom
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/15/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/31/23
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
8/31/23
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT05227001
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT05227001
: A Study To Learn About The Study Vaccine (Called Self-Amplifying Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)) For The Prevention of Influenza
Formulations: PF-07852352, PF-07836391, PF-07836394, PF-07836395, PF-07836396, PF-07867246, PF-07871987, PF-07914705, PF-07915048
440 Adults (18 to 49 years)
24 US locations
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
4/28/22
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
8/4/23
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
8/4/23
mRNA-1011 and mRNA-1012
Developer
Moderna (US)
Name
mRNA-1011 and mRNA-1012
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Modified mRNA lipid nanoparticles
mRNA-1011/1012
which are seasonal penta-/hexa-valent vaccine candidates that includes more HA antigens (e.g. H3, H1) to expand strain matching
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Isakova-Sivak 2025 (PMID: 39245056)
Hsu 2024 (PMID: 39245055)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Poster 2024
NCT05827068 (P1/2)
Developer Website
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
Preclinical Studies
Mouse, Ferret, and Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Bahl 2017
Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Liang 2017
Chinese rhesus macaques: Evaluate whether adjuvant could further enhance immune responses; evaluate immunogenicity with different delivery methods (
Lindgren 2017
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05827068
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT05827068
: A Study of mRNA-1011.1, mRNA-1011.2, and mRNA-1012.1 Candidate Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Adults (Phase 1/2)
700 Adults and older adults (50 to 75 years)
22 US study locations
Hsu 2024
Poster 2024
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed publication
Trial 1 Study Start Date
3/27/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/20/23
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
11/20/23
mRNA-1020 and mRNA-1030
Developer
Moderna (US)
Name
mRNA-1020 and mRNA-1030
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Modified mRNA lipid nanoparticles encoding HA and NA antigens of targeting both the HA and NA surface glycoproteins of four subtypes/lineages of seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata) at different HA:NA ratios.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40595624)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
NCT05333289 (P1/2)
Developer website
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 4-11-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
Preclinical Studies
Mouse, Ferret, and Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Bahl 2017
Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Liang 2017
Chinese rhesus macaques: Evaluate whether adjuvant could further enhance immune responses; evaluate immunogenicity with different delivery methods (
Lindgren 2017
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05333289
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT05333289
: A Study of mRNA-1020 and mRNA-1030 Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Adults (Phase 1/2)
572 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 75 years)
15 US study locations
Rudman Spergel 2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
4/6/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/22/22
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
11/22/22
SP0237 hexavalent mRNA
Developer
Sanofi (France)
Name
SP0237 hexavalent mRNA
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Monovalent, quadrivalent and hexavalent mRNA vaccine constructs; differing in the LNP containing the mRNA
Formerly: mRNA constructs, mRNA NA
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Chivukula 2021 (PMID: 34916519)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
NCT06744205 (P1/2)
NCT06361875 (P1/2)
NCT05650554 (P1/2)
NCT05624606 (P1/2)
NCT05553301 (P1/2)
NCT05829356 (P1)
NCT05426174 (P1)
NCT06118151 (P1)
Sanofi Presentation 1-29-2026
Sanofi Investor Presentation 6-29-2023
News story 1-30-2026
Press Release 6-22-2021
Patent: Multivalent influenza vaccines
Patent: Lipid nanoparticles for delivering mRNA vaccines
Patent: Multivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccines
Developer website: Sanofi
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chivukula 2021 (PMID: 34916519)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Chivukula 2021
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06744205
Trial 1 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT06744205
: A Study on the Safety and Immunogenicity of Hexavalent Influenza mRNA Vaccine in Adult Participants 50 Years of Age and Older (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: Trivalent (TIV) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) hemagglutinin (HA), TIV mRNA-neuraminidase (NA), TIV mRNA-HA
1162 Adults, Older Adults (50 years and older)
24 Australian and US study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
1/6/25
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
4/16/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
4/16/26
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06361875
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT06361875
: A Study to Investigate the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccines in Adults Aged 18 Years and Above (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: MRT5421, MRT5424, MRT5429
910 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
20 study locations: US, Honduras and Puerto Rico
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
4/1/24
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
6/9/25
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/9/25
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05650554
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT05650554
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccine MRT5413 in Adult Participants18 Years of Age and Older (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: MRT5413
682 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
35 US study locations
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
12/12/22
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
4/2/24
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
4/2/24
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT05624606
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT05624606
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccine MRT5410 in Adult Participants 18 Years of Age and Older (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: MRT5410
682 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
25 study locations: US and Puerto Rico
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
11/28/22
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
3/28/24
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
3/28/24
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT05553301
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT05553301
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccine MRT5407 in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: MRT5407
560 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
25 study locations: US and Puerto Rico
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
10/3/22
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
1/19/24
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
1/19/24
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT05829356
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 6 Information
NCT05829356
: Substudy 01 - Safety and Immunogenicity of One Monovalent Modified mRNA Vaccine Encoding Influenza Hemagglutinin With LNP, in Adult Participants Aged 18 to 49 Years and 60 Years and Above.
Formulation: H3 mRNA / LNP
159 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
8 study locations: Australia and UK
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 6 Study Start Date
4/12/23
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
3/14/24
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
3/14/24
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT05426174
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 7 Information
NCT05426174
: Phase I, Randomized, Modified Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-controlled, Multi-arm, Dose-escalation Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of Monovalent mRNA NA Vaccine in Adult Participants 18 Years of Age and Older
Formulation: mRNA NA
233 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
6 US study locations: Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Ohio
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 7 Study Start Date
6/9/22
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
1/3/24
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
1/3/24
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT06118151
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 8 Information
NCT06118151
: Safety and Immunogenicity of a Monovalent mRNA Vaccine Encoding Influenza Hemagglutinin in Adult Participants 18 Years of Age and Older
Formulation: Influenza Hemagglutinin mRNA vaccine
388 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
20 US study locations
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 8 Study Start Date
4/11/22
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
2/17/23
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
2/17/23
mRNA-1010
Developer
Moderna (US)
Name
mRNA-1010
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Modified mRNA-based lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate
mRNA-1010
(in phase 3), a quadrivalent formulation with HA antigens from four seasonal influenza strains (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Yamagata- and B/Victoria-lineages)
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Henry 2026 (PMID: 41535296)
Kaplonek 2025 (PMID: 41398408)
Othman 2025 (PMID: 41047808)
Fierro 2025 (PMID: 40276503)
Kandinov 2025 (PMID: 40174609)
Soens 2025 (PMID: 39919447)
Ananworanich 2025 (PMID: 38934845)
Matz 2024 (PMID: 39416092) (Preprint)
Lee 2023 (PMID: 37336877)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
NCT06602024 (P3)
NCT05827978 (P3)
NCT05566639 / EudraCT 2022-001638-12 (P3)
NCT05415462 (P3)
NCT05606965 (P2)
NCT05868382 (P2)
NCT04956575 (P1/2)
NCT05397223 (P1)
NCT03076385 (P1)
NCT03345043 (P1)
Press Release 4-6-2026
Press Release 2-18-2026
Press Release 2-10-2026
Press Release 1-5-2026
Press Release 11-6-2025
Press Release 10-19-2025
Press Release 8-1-2025
Press Release 6-30-2025
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press Release 2-14-2025
Press Release 1-13-2025
Press release 8-1-2024
Press Release 5-2-2024
Press Release 3-27-2024
Press Release 1-8-2024
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 8-3-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Press Release 7-7-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2026
Moderna Presentation Nov 2025
Moderna Presentation Oct 23, 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ID Week)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Presentation Oct 20, 2025 (ID Week)
Moderna Presentation May 2025
Moderna Presentation Mar 19, 2025
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Presentation Sep 2024
Moderna Presentation Jan 2024
Moderna Presentation 2022
Developer website: Moderna
Patent: Influenza Vaccine
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
Preclinical Studies
Mouse, Ferret, and Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Bahl 2017
Cynomolgus macaques: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Liang 2017
Chinese rhesus macaques: Evaluate whether adjuvant could further enhance immune responses; evaluate immunogenicity with different delivery methods (
Lindgren 2017
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06602024
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT06602024
: A Study of mRNA-1010 Compared With a Licensed Influenza Vaccine in Adults ≥50 Years of Age
Formulation: mRNA-1010
40817 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older)
301 study locations: Asia, Europe, US
Interim Results:
Press Release 1-5-2026
Press Release 6-30-2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/16/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/21/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
8/21/25
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT05827978
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 2 Information
NCT05827978
: Study of mRNA-1010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Adults (IGNITE P303)
Formulation: mRNA-1010
8411 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
103 US study locations
Peer-reviewed publication:
Soens 2025
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
4/17/23
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
6/24/24
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/24/24
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05566639 / EudraCT 2022-001638-12
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 3 Information
NCT05566639
EudraCT 2022-001638-12
: A Study of mRNA-1010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Adults 50 Years Old and Older
Formulation: mRNA-1010
22502 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older)
233 study locations: United States, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Taiwan, and UK
Kandinov 2025
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 3 Study Start Date
9/14/22
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
1/5/24
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
1/5/24
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT05415462
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 4 Information
NCT05415462
: A Study of mRNA-1010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Adults
Formulation: mRNA-1010
6102 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
53 Locations: Argentina, Australia, Colombia, Panama and Philippines
Kandinov 2025
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
6/6/22
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
9/4/23
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
9/4/23
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT05606965
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT05606965
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1010 in Healthy Adults
Formulations: mRNA-1010, mRNA-1345
172 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 80 years)
Saint Louis, Missouri
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
11/2/22
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
11/13/25
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
11/13/25
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT05868382
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 6 Information
NCT05868382
: Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of mRNA Vaccine Candidate Variations in Healthy Adults
Formulations: mRNA-1010, mRNA-1010.4, mRNA-1010.6
270 Adults (18 to 49 years)
10 US study locations
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 6 Study Start Date
5/15/23
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
12/19/23
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
12/19/23
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT04956575
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 7 Information
NCT04956575
: A Study of mRNA-1010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: mRNA-1010
885 Adults (18 years and older)
21 United States Locations
Peer Reviewed publication:
Ananworanich 2025
Lee 2023
Press Release 7-7-2021
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 7 Study Start Date
7/6/21
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
9/27/22
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
9/27/22
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT05397223
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 8 Information
NCT05397223
: A Study of Modified mRNA Vaccines in Healthy Adults
Formulation: mRNA-1010
308 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 75 years)
8 US Study locations
Results:
Kaplonek 2025
Henry 2026
Fierro 2026
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 8 Study Start Date
5/25/22
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
2/27/26
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
2/27/26
Trial 9
Trial 9 Registry ID
NCT03076385
Trial 9 Status
Completed
Trial 9 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 9 Information
NCT03076385
: Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of VAL-506440 in Healthy Adult Subjects
Formulation: VAL-506440
201 Adults (18 to 64 years)
Berlin, Germany
Peer-reviewed publication:
Feldman 2019
Trial 9 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 9 Study Start Date
12/1/15
Trial 9 Primary Completion Date
10/1/18
Trial 9 Study Completion Date
10/12/18
Trial 10
Trial 10 Registry ID
NCT03345043
Trial 10 Status
Completed
Trial 10 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 10 Information
NCT03345043
: Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of VAL-339851 in Healthy Adult Subjects
Formulation: VAL-339851
156 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Miami, Florida
Peer-reviewed publication:
Feldman 2019
Trial 10 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 10 Study Start Date
5/11/16
Trial 10 Primary Completion Date
8/13/18
Trial 10 Study Completion Date
8/13/18
Modified mRNA vaccine
Developer
Pfizer (US)
Name
Modified mRNA vaccine
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Next generation mRNA seasonal influenza vaccine encoding WHO recommended strain
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
El Sahly 2025 (PMID: 41259761)
Lindert 2025 (PMID: 41259791)
Fitz‐Patrick 2025 (PMID: 41259756)
Branche 2025 (PMID: 40333267)
Hauguel 2024 (PMID: 39375384)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Abbasi 2021 (PMID: 34751730)
Press Release 8-16-2024
Press Release 10-31-2023
Press Release 9-14-2022
Press Release 9-14-2022
Press Release 9-27-2021
Press Release 8-16-2018
NCT05540522 (P3)
NCT06436703 (P2)
ISRCTN13559330 (P2a)
ISRCTN13789612 (P2a)
NCT07431853 (P2)
NCT05052697 (P1/2)
Pfizer Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Teleconference
Developer website: Pfizer
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hauguel 2024 (PMID: 39375384)
Preclinical Studies
Mice, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques: evaluate immunogenicity and safety (
Hauguel 2024
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05540522
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT05540522
: A Study to Evaluate a Modified RNA Vaccine Against Influenza in Adults 18 Years of Age or Older
Formulation: First-Generation modFlu mRNA Influenza Vaccine Candidate (PF-07252220)
45,789 Adults, Older Adults (18 years and older)
321 Study Locations: US, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, Philippines and South Africa
Press Release 9-14-2022
Press Release 9-14-2022
Fitz‐Patrick 2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry and peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/12/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/12/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/12/24
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06436703
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT06436703
: A Study About Modified RNA Vaccines Against Influenza in Healthy Adults (Phase 2)
Formulation: Influenza ModRNA Vaccine
1202 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
32 US locations
Press Release 8-16-2024
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
5/23/24
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
2/5/25
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
2/5/25
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
ISRCTN13559330
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
ISRCTN13559330
: To test the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the influenza virus vaccines (modRNA) in a human influenza B challenge model in healthy adult participants (Phase 2a)
Formulations: qIRV HA, tIRV HA
279 Adults (18 to 55 years)
United Kingdom
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
9/19/23
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
10/14/24
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
10/14/24
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
ISRCTN13789612
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
ISRCTN13789612
: A study to evaluate if influenza virus vaccines (modRNA and saRNA) can prevent influenza infection in healthy adults (Phase 2a)
Formulations: Monovalent modRNA HA, Bivalent saRNA, Bivalent modRNA
240 Adults (18 to 55 years)
United Kingdom
Lindert 2025
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry and peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
9/15/22
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
8/31/23
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
8/31/23
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT07431853
Trial 5 Status
Recruiting
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT07431853: A Study to Learn About mRNA Vaccines Against Influenza in Adults (Phase 2)
Formulations: unknown
770 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
15 US study locations
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
2/23/26
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
6/22/27
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
6/22/27
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT05052697
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 6 Information
NCT05052697
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Modified RNA Vaccine Against Influenza (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: monovalent (mIRV), bivalent (bIRV), and quadrivalent influenza modRNA vaccine (qIRV)
1158 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 85 years)
100 US study locations
Press Release 9-27-2021
Preliminary Study Results:
Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Teleconference
Branche 2025
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry and peer-reviewed journal
Trial 6 Study Start Date
9/13/21
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
1/27/23
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
1/27/23
modRNA-based combination
Developer
Pfizer (US)
BioNTech (Germany)
Name
modRNA-based combination
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Combination mRNA SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccine containing mRNA strains encoding the wild-type spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the spike protein of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants as well as mRNA strands encoding the hemagglutinin of four different influenza strains
Goal
COVID + Influenza
Key Sources
Anderer 2024 (PMID: 39269723)
NCT06178991 (P3)
NCT06683352 (P1/2)
NCT05596734 (P1/2)
NCT06821061 (P1/2)
Press Release 11-4-2024
Press Release 8-16-2024
Press Release 5-6-2024
Press Release 3-20-2024
Press Release 10-31-2023
Press Release 10-26-2023
Press Release 12-9-2022
Press Release 11-3-2022
Developer Website: Pfizer
Developer Website: BioNTech
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
HA
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06178991
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT06178991
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Combined Modified RNA Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 and Influenza.
Formulation: Combination COVID-19 & Influenza mRNA Vaccine (PF-07926307)
8795 Adults (18 to 64 years)
106 US study locations
Anderer 2024
Press Release 8-16-2024
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported; Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
12/20/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/26/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
11/26/24
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06683352
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT06683352
: A Study to Learn About Flu and COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Healthy People (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: Combination COVID-19 & Influenza mRNA Vaccine (PF-07926307)
1353 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
22 US study locations
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
11/11/24
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
7/15/25
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
7/15/25
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05596734
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT05596734
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Combined Modified RNA Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19 and Influenza (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: modRNA quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qIRV (22/23)) and bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omi BA.4/BA.5) (Combination COVID-19 & Influenza mRNA Vaccine (PF-07926307))
1019 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
58 US study locations
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 3 Study Start Date
10/28/22
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
12/28/23
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
12/28/23
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT06821061
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT06821061
: A Study to Learn About How the Flu and COVID-19 Vaccines Act in Healthy People (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: Combination COVID-19 & Influenza mRNA Vaccine (PF-07926307)
2650 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
31 US study locations
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
2/10/25
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
12/17/25
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
12/17/25
mCOMBRIAX (mRNA-1083)
Developer
Moderna (US)
Name
mCOMBRIAX (mRNA-1083)
Phase
Approved
Approach
An mRNA-based influenza and COVID-19 vaccine containing mRNA molecules that encode the full-length, membrane-bound haemagglutinin glycoproteins of seasonal influenza virus types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B (Victoria lineage), as well as parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, namely the membrane-bound, linked N-terminal domain and the receptor-binding domain. mRNA-1083 comprises components of mRNA-1010, Moderna's next-generation vaccine candidate for seasonal influenza, and mRNA-1283, Moderna's next-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate. mRNA-1073, which was the first-generation combination vaccine and is now inactive, combined mRNA-1010 and Moderna's licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1273 (Spikevax).
(Formerly: mRNA-1073 and mRNA-1083)
Location of Approval:
European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
Goal
COVID + Influenza
Key Sources
Rudman Spergel 2026 (PMID: 41627968)
Othman 2025 (PMID: 41047808)
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40332892)
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40102593)
NCT06694389 (P3)
NCT06097273 (P3)
NCT06864143 (P2)
NCT06508320 (P2)
NCT05827926 (P1/2)
NCT05375838 (P1/2)
Press Release 4-21-2026
Press Release 2-27-2026
News Story 2-27-2026
Press Release 11-6-2025
Press release 8-1-2025
Press release 5-21-2025
News story 5-7-2025
News story 5-2-2025
News story 5-1-2025
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press Release 2-14-2025
Press release 1-13-2025
Press release 8-1-2024
Press Release 6-10-2024
Press Release 5-2-2024
Press Release 3-27-2024
Press Release 1-8-2024
News Story 10-26-2023
Press Release 10-24-2023
Press release 10-4-2023
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
News Story 9-10-2021
Press Release 9-9-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2026
Moderna Presentation Nov 2025
Moderna Presentation Oct 2025
Moderna Presentation May 2025
Moderna Presentation Apr 2025
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Presentation Sep 2024
Moderna Presentation Jan 2024
Moderna Presentation Nov 2021
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Opinion
Developer Website: Moderna
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Nucleic acid-based
Vaccine Platform
mRNA
Antigen(s)
Full-length membrane-bound HA glycoproteins
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06694389
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT06694389
: Study to Investigate the Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of mRNA-1083 Vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 [COVID-19] and Influenza) in Adults ≥50 Years of Age
Formulation: mRNA-1083
2457 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older)
44 study locations: Japan, Korea, Taiwan
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
11/18/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/17/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
11/17/25
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06097273
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 2 Information
NCT06097273
: A Study of mRNA-1083 (SARS-Cov-2 and Influenza) Vaccine in Healthy Adult Participants, ≥50 Years of Age
Formulation: mRNA-1083
8061 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older)
146 US study locations
Press Release 6-10-2024
Rudman Spergel 2025
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 2 Study Start Date
10/19/23
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/28/24
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
5/28/24
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT06864143
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT06864143
: A Study to Investigate the Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of mRNA-1083 (Influenza and COVID-19) Vaccine in Adults ≥18 to <65 Years of Age
Formulation: mRNA-1083
1320 Adults (18 to 64 years)
17 US study locations
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
3/7/25
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
10/13/25
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
10/13/25
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT06508320
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT06508320
: A Clinical Study to Investigate the Safety and Immunogenicity in Relation to Product Attributes of mRNA-1083 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and Influenza Vaccine)
Formulation: mRNA-1083
932 Adults (50 to 64 years)
17 study locations: US and Canada
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
7/15/24
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
9/25/25
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
9/25/25
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT05827926
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT05827926
: A Study of mRNA-based Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Multi-component Vaccines in Healthy Adults (Phase 1/2)
Formulations: mRNA-1083, mRNA-1083.1, mRNA-1083.2, mRNA-1083.3
1758 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 79 years)
69 US study locations
Results:
Rudman Spergel 2025
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 5 Study Start Date
4/14/23
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
12/3/24
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
12/3/24
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT05375838
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 6 Information
NCT05375838
: A Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity Study of mRNA-1073 (COVID-19/Influenza) Vaccine in Adults 18 to 75 Years Old (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: mRNA-1073, mRNA-1010, mRNA-1273
550 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 75 years)
14 US study locations
Results:
Rudman Spergel 2026
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 6 Study Start Date
5/13/22
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
12/29/22
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
12/29/22
Platform
Non-VLP nanoparticles
51
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
M2e/CpG-ODN/TMC
Developer
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Iran)
Name
M2e/CpG-ODN/TMC
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Nasal vaccination with the M2e/CpG-ODN antigen encapsulated in N-Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles
Key Sources
Taghizadeh 2022 (PMID: 37274902)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
TMC and CpG-ODN
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Taghizadeh 2023 (PMID: 37274902)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Taghizadeh 2023
E10 nanobody
Developer
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China)
University of Gothenburg (Sweden)
Name
E10 nanobody
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Peptide based vaccine including E10, a hemagglutinin (HA)-specific nanobody that exhibits broad-spectrum binding, cross-group neutralization and in vivo protection across various influenza A subtypes. E10 specifically targets an epitope on HA head which is part of the conserved lateral patch and is highly immunodominant upon H7 infection.
Key Sources
Chen 2025 (PMID: 39788944)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chen 2025 (PMID: 39788944)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of a peptide spanning the corresponding epitope (
Chen 2025
3M2e-rHF nanoparticle
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
3M2e-rHF nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Tandem copies of M2e (3M2e) displayed on ferritin nanoparticles (recombinant human heavy chain ferritin, rHF); intranasal administration; aimed at stimulating cross-protective immunity through M2e-specific IgG antibodies, T-cell immune responses, and mucosal secretory-IgA antibodies.
Key Sources
Pan 2023 (PMID: 37395606)
Qi 2018 (PMID: 29430819)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Pan 2023 (PMID: 37395606)
Qi 2018 (PMID: 29430819)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Pan 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Qi 2018
H9 Epigraph
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
H9 Epigraph
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Three globular heads of H9 hemagglutinin (HA1) with optimized epitopes conjugated to mi3 NPs mixed at equimolar ratios to generate the Epigraph vaccine.
Key Sources
Hao 2025 (PMID: 40452158)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Alum
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hao 2025 (PMID: 40452158)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Hao 2025
NM2e@DDAB/PLA nanovaccine
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
NM2e@DDAB/PLA nanovaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Fusion protein expressing the extracellular domain of matrix 2 (M2e) and nucleoprotein, NM2e, adjuvanted with a cationic solid lipid nanoadjuvant fabricated using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB), to generate an NM2e@DDAB/PLA nanovaccine (Nv).
Key Sources
Gao 2024 (PMID: 38721835)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Gao 2024 (PMID: 38721835)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Gao 2024
OMV-M2e
Developer
Cornell University (US)
Name
OMV-M2e
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant TLR2-active outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that carry sequences of the M2e protein (OMV-M2e)
Key Sources
Kannan 2024 (PMID: 39066362)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kannan 2024 (PMID: 39066362)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: measure the effectiveness of the intranasal route of the OMV-M2e vaccine against the influenza A/PR8 strain (
Kannan 2024
Mice: determine efficacy and immunogenicity of a single dose, controlled release of rOMVs, and to assess the longevity of a single dose rOMV formulation vs. a traditional prime/boost regimen (
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Mice: evaluate efficacy of ClearColi (CC) rOMVs (
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Mice: evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity of M2e-OMVs (
Rappazzo 2016
DIOSvax-H5inter Homotypic Nanocages
Developer
DIOSynVax (UK)
Name
DIOSvax-H5
inter
Homotypic Nanocages
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An optimised H5 HA nanocage vaccine developed by combining a novel computationally designed vaccine antigen using Digitally Immune Optimised Synthetic Vaccine (DIOSynVax) antigen design technology, with the Plug-And-Display SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003-mi3 nanoassembly platform. The novel, recombinant H5 immunogen with antigenic determinants representative across different clades of the H5 subtype, DIOSvax-H5
inter
, is generated as a self-assembling Homotypic Nanocage.
Key Sources
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Press Release 1-8-2025
Patent: Influenza Vaccines
Patent: Vaccines and Methods
Developer website: DIOSynVax
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Huang 2025
HA-Q11 nanofiber
Developer
Duke University (US)
Name
HA-Q11 nanofiber
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-assembled peptide nanofiber subunit vaccines comprised of the Q11 nanofiber platform, multivalent HA antigens, and KEYA, a nanoscale adjuvant consisting of randomized lysine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and alanine.
Key Sources
Roe 2026 (PMID: 41265773)
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
Nanoscale adjuvant KEYA-Q11
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Roe 2026 (PMID: 41265773)
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: compare effectiveness in protein conjugation, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of two methods of conjugation of HA from A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2) to self-assembling Q11 nanofibers and nanoscale adjuvant KEYA-Q11 (
Roe 2026
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Luo 2024
LBL HA-4M2e NPs
Developer
Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Name
LBL HA-4M2e NPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Chimeric tetramer M2e antigen nanoparticles conjugated to HA antigen, then coated layer-by-layer (LBL) with alternating layers of cationic chitosan and anionic CpG adjuvants, administered intranasally
Key Sources
Park 2025 (PMID: 39954231)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Chitosan and CpG
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2025 (PMID: 39954231)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Park 2025
Self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs)
Developer
Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Name
Self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccine developed by functionalizing self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs) with multiple copies of the hemagglutinin stalk on the outer surface and matrix protein 2 ectodomain on the inner surface; or displaying HrHA and 4M2e on the external surface and highly conserved nucleoprotein peptides (NPs) embedded internally
Key Sources
Park 2026
Park 2023 (PMID: 38084728)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA stalk, NP, M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2026
Park 2023 (PMID: 38084728)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Park 2026
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Park 2023
Double-layered protein nanoparticles
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
Double-layered protein nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Layered protein nanoparticles expressing multivalent conserved antigens (M2e, NP, HA stem domains); conjugated with truncated flagellin (tFliC); aimed at inducing broadly cross-protective immune responses.
Status: Active
Key Sources
Kim 2024 (PMID: 39240547)
Wang 2023 (PMID: 36265560)
Song 2022 (PMID: 35810540)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35754779)
Ma 2021 (PMID: 34743020)
Wang 2021 (PMID: 34179728)
Tang 2020 (PMID: 33114336)
Wang 2020 (PMID: 31840437)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30065113)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30394725)
Wang 2018 (PMID: 30365905)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 29367723)
Chang 2018 (PMID: 30092060)
Deng 2017 (PMID: 28622575)
Wang 2014 (PMID: 23988715)
Press Release 7-1-2019
NIH Funding
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None; MPLA; truncated flagellin (tFliC)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 39240547)
Wang 2023 (PMID: 36265560)
Song 2022 (PMID: 35810540)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Ma 2021 (PMID: 34743020)
Wang 2021 (PMID: 34179728)
Wang 2020 (PMID: 31840437)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30065113)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30394725)
Chang 2018 (PMID: 30092060)
Deng 2017 (PMID: 28622575)
Wang 2014 (PMID: 23988715)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of self-adjuvanted double-layered protein nanoparticles conjugated with truncated flagellin (tFliC) (
Kim 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of MPLA-adjuvanted double-layered nucleoprotein-neuraminidase (NP-NA) protein nanoparticles (
Wang 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy and analyze protective mechanisms (
Song 2022
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity by a prime-boost vaccination strategy (
Dong 2022
Mice: evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Ma 2021
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of skin vaccination with microneedle patches (
Wang 2021
Mice: compare immunogenicity against protein nanoparticles, evaluate cross-protection against influenza challenges, explore immunological mechanisms of protection (
Wang 2020
Mice: explore protection mechanisms (
Deng 2018
Mice: evaluate protective efficacy; investigate antibody-mediated effector mechanisms (
Deng 2018
Mice: examine the potential of cross-linked protein nanoparticles to maintain immunogenicity after cold-chain-independent storage (
Chang 2018
Mice: test whether incorporation of the HA2 domain can boost the M2e specific antibody responses (
Deng 2017
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Wang 2014
HA/GP nanoparticles
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
HA/GP nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GP nanoparticles); administered intranasally; aimed at enhancing HA immunogenicity
Key Sources
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38097456)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35754779)
Dong 2021 (PMID: 33941704)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Self-adjuvanted
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38097456)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Dong 2021 (PMID: 33941704)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: study how influenza immune imprinting influences the antibody responses to the PHC vaccination and the protection against heterosubtypic virus challenges (
Dong 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of prime-boost intranasal vaccination of uniform and spherical PEI- HA and PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles (
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Dong 2021
ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted SDAD protein nanoparticles
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted SDAD protein nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A core/shell protein nanoparticle consisting of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) as the core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins as the coating antigens by SDAD hetero-bifunctional crosslinking boosted by immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs)/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvants
Key Sources
Zhu 2023 (PMID: 37162451)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
(ISCOMs)/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvants
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2023 (PMID: 37162451)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immune response with different immunization routes (
Zhu 2023
Mosaic inverted HA-EVs
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
Mosaic inverted HA-EVs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Displays multiple HAs from both human and avian influenza viruses on their surfaces in an inverted orientation, partially shielding the immunodominant HA head while preserving and exposing the HA stalk domain; aimed at eliciting cross-reactive HA-stalk and virus-specific antibody and cellular immune responses.
Key Sources
Zhu 2026 (PMID: 41920585)
Nejabat 2025 (PMID: 39862863)
Zhu 2024 (PMID: 39741410)
News Story 4-7-2026
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
Mosaic hemagglutinin
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2026 (PMID: 41920585)
Zhu 2024 (PMID: 39741410)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Zhu 2026
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Zhu 2024
M2e/NP Dual Epitope-Displaying Nanoparticles
Developer
Guangzhou Medical University (China)
Name
M2e/NP Dual Epitope-Displaying Nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A modular vaccine strategy pairing a clinical-stage adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine (SCVC101) with OMN, a heptameric nanoparticle displaying conserved influenza A virus T-cell epitopes from nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e)
Key Sources
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40333315)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
CD-A adjuvant in SCVC101
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40333315)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate OMN-induced cross-reactive antibody production (
Liu 2025
3M2e-T4 nanoparticle
Developer
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Name
3M2e-T4 nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Insertion of Flu viral M2e into phage T4 genome through fusion to Soc (Small Outer Capsid protein) generated a recombinant phage, and the Soc-M2e proteins self-assembled onto phage capsids to form 3M2e-T4 nanoparticles during propagation of T4 in E. coli.
Key Sources
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Li 2023
Mini-HA-LS Nano-vaccine
Developer
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Name
Mini-HA-LS Nano-vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Mini-HA proteins expressed on lumazine synthase (LS) nanoparticles by SpyTag/SpyCatcher aimed at eliciting potent immune responses
Key Sources
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36175214)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36175214)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Zhu 2022
Adjuvanted nanoparticle fusion constructs
Developer
Indian Institute of Science (India)
Name
Adjuvanted nanoparticle fusion constructs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Trimeric influenza stem domain immunogen, pH1HA10, displayed on the ferritin like protein MsDps2, Ferritin, and Encapsulin
Key Sources
Kar 2022 (PMID: 35720346)
Najar 2018 (PMID: 29863853)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Oil-in-water: SWE
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kar 2022 (PMID: 35720346)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Kar 2022
Polymeric particle-based nanovaccines
Developer
Iowa State University (US)
Name
Polymeric particle-based nanovaccines
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Two influenza A polyanhydride particle- and pentablock copolymer-based nanovaccine formulations based on a  newly discovered equine influenza A H3N8 hemagglutinin antigen (A/equine/1/KY/91), a A/HK/1/68 nucleoprotein antigen, and a small molecule adjuvant; intended for intranasal or subcutaneous administration
Key Sources
Siddoway 2025 (PMID: 40706783)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CpG 1668; cyclic di-GMP (CDN)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Siddoway 2025 (PMID: 40706783)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Siddoway 2025
3MCD-f nanovaccine
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
3MCD-f nanovaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Biepitope adjuvant-free, self-assembled influenza nanovaccine consisting of two conserved epitopes (M2e and CDhelix)
Key Sources
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35911479)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35911479)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Qiao 2022
CDh-f nanoparticle
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
CDh-f nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
The A helix (Ah) and CD helix (CDh) from the HA stem were fused with ferritin, individually, or in tandem, yielding Ah-f, CDh-f and (A + CD)h-f nanoparticles (NPs), produced through a prokaryotic expression system.
Key Sources
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35157751)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
AS03
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35157751)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Qiao 2022
HA2-16 ferritin nanoparticles
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
HA2-16 ferritin nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A recombinant ferritin that incorporates a linear conserved stem epitope (HA2-16) derived from the HA2 region
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39974341)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
MF59
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39974341)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Wang 2025
SCPs/pHAF
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
SCPs/pHAF
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Novel multi-epitope nanoantigenic DNA vaccine using a ferritin carrier that is engineered with HA gene fragments, along with ferritin and GCN4pII sequences, delivered using silica-coated calcium phosphate (SCPs) nanoparticles encapsulating influenza hemagglutinin plasmids (pHAF/pHAG) via polyethyleneimine adsorption as a novel vector to elicit potent T cell-mediated immunity.
Key Sources
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40568589)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40568589)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Liu 2025
Self-assembled multiepitope nanoparticles (MHF)
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
Self-assembled multiepitope nanoparticles (MHF)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Multiepitope nanovaccine, MHF, made up of conserved linear epitopes of HA2, M2e, and NP fused to either three surface loops on the P domain, or to ferritin. (Formerly: HMN-PP)
Key Sources
Nie 2024 (PMID: 38191112)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 37983728)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 36820263)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Imject alum
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Nie 2024 (PMID: 38191112)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 37983728)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 36820263)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: investigate the mucosal self-adjuvant activity of H. pylori ferritin and develop a safe and broad cross-protective intranasal multiepitope influenza vaccine within a ferritin nanoplatform (
Nie 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and assess feasibility  (
Nie 2023 (PMID: 37983728)
Mice: evaluate the ability to elicit potent and long-term immune responses (
Nie 2023 (PMID: 36820263)
Combinatorial polymeric nanoshell
Developer
National Taiwan University (Taiwan)
Name
Combinatorial polymeric nanoshell
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Nanoshell vaccine with co-encapsulation of peptides aimed at inducing a T cell response.
Key Sources
Tsai 2023 (PMID: 37092580)
Lin 2021 (PMID: 33898629)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CpG; Alum; MF59
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Tsai 2023 (PMID: 37092580)
Lin 2021 (PMID: 33898629)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of the M2e nanoshell vaccine (
Tsai 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Lin 2021
Helix-A stem nanoparticle
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
Helix-A stem nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Nanoparticle-based vaccine that displays multiple copies of the conserved influenza helix-A region per nanoparticle subunit
Key Sources
McCraw 2023 (PMID: 37639457)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
McCraw 2023 (PMID: 37639457)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
McCraw 2023
IA-SNBs
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
IA-SNBs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
HA complexes arranged as lipid discs with multiple trimeric HAs displayed along the perimeter, termed spike nanobicelles (SNB), used to synthesize in vitro assembled spiked nanobicelles (IA-SNB) from a classical 1934 H1N1 influenza virus.
Key Sources
Myers 2024 (PMID: 39372767) (Preprint)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
MF59
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Myers 2024 (PMID: 39372767) (Preprint)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: explore the effects of adjuvant removal and of structural organizations of HA complexes in the form of “spiked nanobicelles” (SNB) for eliciting intranasal pan-H1 protection (
Myers 2024
CHM-f nanoparticle
Developer
Northwest A&F University (China)
Chengdu NanoVAX Biotechnology (China)
Name
CHM-f nanoparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Ferritin-based influenza nanoparticle vaccine co-expressing the ectodomain of HA (H), three repeated M2e epitopes (M), and the M-cell-targeting ligand Co4B ©, which are fused in tandem to the N-terminus of ferritin (f), creating the CHM-f nanoparticle. Administered intranasally with or without the CpG IAMA-002 adjuvant.
Key Sources
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39905416)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CpG IAMA-002
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39905416)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhao 2025
HMP-NP
Developer
Northwest A&F University (China)
Name
HMP-NP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Ferritin-based influenza nanoparticle vaccine that displays a multi-antigen targets on the surface of Helicobacter pylori ferritin, which consists of the ectodomain of HA and three tandem highly conserved influenza M1 epitopes fused with the universal helper T-cell epitope PADRE
Key Sources
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39958330)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39958330)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhao 2025
H5-MNP vaccine
Developer
Novavax (US)
Name
H5-MNP vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Purified recombinant A/AW/SC/2021 HA trimers formulated with Matrix-M® adjuvant, saponin-cholesterol-phospholipid combination arranged in cage-like particles, are found to non-covalently anchor to the vertices of the Matrix-M and form A(H5N1) HA–Matrix-M nanoparticles (H5-MNPs)
Key Sources
Patel 2025 (PMID: 40681543)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Matrix-M
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Patel 2025 (PMID: 40681543)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of the H5-MNP vaccine with a two-dose primary series administered either IM or IN; and Rhesus macaques: investigate antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to two IM or IN doses of the H5-MNP vaccine in NHPs primed with seasonal influenza vaccine (qNIV) (
Patel 2025
Self assembling peptides displaying M2e and HA2
Developer
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Name
Self assembling peptides displaying M2e and HA2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-assembling nanoparticles displaying M2e and HA stalk epitopes aimed at inducing humoral and T-cell responses
Key Sources
Zykova 2023 (PMID: 37764217)
Blokhina 2023 (PMID: 37299207)
Zykova 2022 (PMID: 34583058)
Zykova 2020 (PMID: 33036278)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zykova 2023 (PMID: 37764217)
Blokhina 2023 (PMID: 37299207)
Zykova 2022 (PMID: 34583058)
Zykova 2020 (PMID: 33036278)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zykova 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the plant-produced SAP nanoparticles bearing M2e (
Blokhina 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy without adjuvant (
Zykova 2022
Mice: Evaluate effect of fusion to the lipopeptide on immunogenicity (
Zykova 2020
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs)
Developer
Scripps Research Institute (US)
Name
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) presenting the conserved extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e)
Key Sources
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39340007)
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37988765)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intradermal
Adjuvant
Squalene-based adjuvant (AddaVax)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39340007)
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37988765)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza A-B M2e-based SApNP vaccines (
Zhang 2024
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccination with M2ex3 displayed on SApNPs (
Braz Gomes 2023
Ferritin-HA
Developer
Shanghai Institute of Biological Products (China)
Name
Ferritin-HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant, self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle that presents the extracellular domain of the influenza hemagglutinin antigen on its surface, designated as ferritin-HA
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39927225)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Al(OH)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39927225)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Wang 2025
Adjuvanted PNP-hydrogel system
Developer
Stanford University (US)
Name
Adjuvanted PNP-hydrogel system
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Sustained delivery of multivalent influenza vaccines from a next-gen injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel technology
Key Sources
Saouaf 2025 (PMID: 40091614)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Liquid bolus
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
PNP-2-10/MPLA; Alum/MPLA; Addavax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Saouaf 2025 (PMID: 40091614)
Preclinical Studies
Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of sustained delivery of multivalent influenza vaccines from an injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel technology (
Saouaf 2025
CPQ H5N1
Developer
State University of New York at Buffalo (US)
Name
CPQ H5N1
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Multimeric H5 and N1 derived from H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b (A/Jiangsu/NJ210/2023) displayed on immunogenic liposomes containing CoPoP, PHAD-3D6A, and QS-21 (CPQ).
Key Sources
Li 2025
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
H5
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
CPQ
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Li 2025
Preclinical Studies
Mice: examine vaccine performance in mice of H5 and N1 from H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b with CoPoP liposomes, either in monovalent or bivalent (H5 + N1) format (
Li 2025
Hexaplex liposomes
Developer
State University of New York at Buffalo (US)
Name
Hexaplex liposomes
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant HA and NA multimeric proteins derived from three influenza serotypes, H1N1, H3N2, and type B, are surface displayed on nanoliposomes co-loaded with immunostimulatory adjuvants, generating "hexaplex" particles
Key Sources
Sia 2026 (PMID: 41971165)
Sia 2024 (PMID: 38401547)
Sia 2022 (PMID: 36106872)
Sia 2021 (PMID: 34050027)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Lipid adjuvants including PHAD and QS21
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Sia 2024 (PMID: 38401547)
Sia 2022 (PMID: 36106872)
Sia 2021 (PMID: 34050027)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Sia 2024
Mice: investigate a novel antigen-binding liposomal nanoparticle solution with the capability for intranasal delivery (
Sia 2022
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate functional immunogenicity when utilizing a next-generation vaccine adjuvant system (
Sia 2021
PLGA nanoparticles
Developer
Sunway University (Malaysia)
Name
PLGA nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-adjuvanting PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating six conserved peptides
Key Sources
Heng 2023 (PMID: 37344603)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
Self-adjuvanted; Freund’s adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Heng 2023 (PMID: 37344603)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Heng 2023
Multivalent DNA nanovaccine
Developer
Taizhou University (China)
Name
Multivalent DNA nanovaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
pβH7N2SH9/DGL NPs developed by encapsulating the pβH7N2SH9 within the dendrigraft poly-l-lysines nanoparticles
Key Sources
Xu 2023 (PMID: 37579904)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Unknown
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Xu 2023 (PMID: 37579904)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Xu 2023
M2e nanoparticles
Developer
Texas Tech University (US)
North Carolina State University (US)
Name
M2e nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Two nanoparticle designs, either cross-linked nanoclusters (NCs) or gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), both targeting the M2e antigen and include the soluble CpG adjuvant (sCpG); administered using various delivery methods, including: dental floss (oral mucosa), microneedle (transdermal), IN, and IM.
Status: Active
Key Sources
Ingrole 2025 (PMID: 40696115)
Wilks 2024 (PMID: 38623820)
Nesovic 2023 (PMID: 37455612)
Wilks 2022 (PMID: 36346898)
Wilks 2021 (PMID: 34432416)
Ingrole 2021 (PMID: 34301431)
Bimler 2019 (PMID: 31507643)
Tao 2017 (PMID: 28161578)
Tao 2015 (PMID: 25842219)
Tao 2014 (PMID: 23829488)
NIH Funding
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Microneedle
Intramuscular
Oral
Adjuvant
CpG
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ingrole 2025 (PMID: 40696115)
Wilks 2024 (PMID: 38623820)
Nesovic 2023 (PMID: 37455612)
Wilks 2022 (PMID: 36346898)
Wilks 2021 (PMID: 34432416)
Ingrole 2021 (PMID: 34301431)
Bimler 2019 (PMID: 31507643)
Tao 2017 (PMID: 28161578)
Tao 2015 (PMID: 25842219)
Tao 2014 (PMID: 23829488)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy when administered oral mucosally using dental floss (
Ingrole 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy when administered intramuscularly and intranasaly (
Wilks 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy when administered using microneedles (
Nesovic 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Wilks 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenic potential of peptide clusters (
Wilks 2021
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Ingrole 2021
Mice: Evaluate vaccine efficacy with age and determine if it might require re-administration during a lifetime (
Bimler 2019
Mice: Evaluate broad protection of vaccine; characterize the mucosal immune response generated by the vaccine (
Tao 2017
Mice: evaluate the role of free M2e not immobilized on AuNPs towards induction of protective immunity; evaluate the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity (
Tao 2015
Mice: Evaluate protective ability against influenza A; evaluate immunogenicity (
Tao 2014
CTA1-3M2e-DD (FPM2e)
Developer
University of Gothenburg (Sweden)
Ghent University (Belgium)
Name
CTA1-3M2e-DD (FPM2e)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Combined M2e-based fusion protein with a cholera toxin-derived adjuvant (CTA1-DD) and lipid nanoparticles; aimed at enhancing anti-M2e antibodies and CD4+ T cell responses.
Key Sources
Omokanye 2022 (PMID: 35260804)
Bernasconi 2020 (PMID: 32807838)
Schussek 2020 (PMID: 31959882)
Bernasconi 2018 (PMID: 30271406)
Eliasson 2018 (PMID: 28295019)
Eliasson 2011 (PMID: 21481325)
Eliasson 2008 (PMID: 18243429)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CTA1-DD
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Omokanye 2022 (PMID: 35260804)
Bernasconi 2020 (PMID: 32807838)
Schussek 2020 (PMID: 31959882)
Bernasconi 2018 (PMID: 30271406)
Eliasson 2018 (PMID: 28295019)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy (
Omokanye 2022
Mice: Assess immunogenicity and protective potential of a combination between LNPs and CTA1-3M2e-DD (
Bernasconi 2020
Mice: evaluate effect of adjuvant (
Schussek 2020
Mice: Evaluate whether combined HA:FPM2e:NPL vaccine vector, hosting the CTA1-3M2e-DD and recombinant HA, stimulated enhanced protective immunity against influenza virus infections (
Bernasconi 2018
Mice: map the M2e T-cell recognition epitope and elucidate its possible mechanisms for protection (
Eliasson 2018
IAV-nanovax
Developer
University of Iowa (US)
Iowa State University (US)
Name
IAV-nanovax
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Combination nanovaccine platform based on pentablock copolymer micelles and polyanhydride nanoparticles, incorporating the hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) antigens from H1N1; aimed at boosting cell-mediated immune responses.
Status: Active
Key Sources
Lopez 2024 (PMID: 38822003)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30663733)
Zacharias 2018 (PMID: 30233573)
Grant Summary
NIH Funding
Patent
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CpG
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lopez 2024 (PMID: 38822003)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30663733)
Zacharias 2018 (PMID: 30233573)
Grant Summary
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy of an intranasally (i.n.) administered nanovaccine encapsulating CpG 1668 adjuvant and three combinations of proteins from IAV H3N2 (
Lopez 2024
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Ross 2019
Mice: Evaluate immune capabilities (
Zacharias 2018
Unknown: Determine optimal vaccine formulation for immunity and protection (
Grant Summary
BP-NP366/PA224
Developer
University of Melbourne (Australia)
Griffith University (Australia)
Name
BP-NP
366
/PA
224
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Endotoxin-free production strain of
E. coli
bioengineered to assemble biopolymer particles (BPs) coated with conserved influenza antigens (BP-NP
366
/PA
224
).
Key Sources
Liu 2024 (PMID: 38411375)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
poly(I:C)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liu 2024 (PMID: 38411375)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity following intramuscular and intranasal immunization, and with and without an adjuvant (
Liu 2024
M2 peptide micelles
Developer
University of Missouri (US)
Name
M2 peptide micelles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Immunostimulatory micellar nanoparticles generated from M22–16 peptides by lipid conjugation
Key Sources
Schulte 2024 (PMID: 39598414)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
TLR-2 agonist
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Schulte 2024 (PMID: 39598414)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Schulte 2024
TMV-HA-con
Developer
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Name
TMV-HA-con
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Plant-made vaccines comprising centralized consensus influenza hemagglutinin (HA-con) proteins (H1 and H3 subtypes) conjugated to a modified plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanoparticle (TMV-HA-con).
Key Sources
Madapong 2024 (PMID: 39460267)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Madapong 2024 (PMID: 39460267)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Madapong 2024
Ace-DEX microparticle
Developer
University of North Carolina (US)
Name
Ace-DEX microparticle
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
M2e- and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-encapsulated acetylated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MP); antigen-adjuvant combination is aimed at activation of humoral and cellular responses.
Key Sources
Pena 2025 (PMID: 40482923)
Pena 2024 (PMID: 38266940)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 37458383)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Chen 2018 (PMID: 30261204)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
cGAMP
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Pena 2025 (PMID: 40482923)
Pena 2024 (PMID: 38266940)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 37458383)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Chen 2018 (PMID: 30261204)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate the effect of MP degradation rate on correlates of protection and protection after influenza challenge (
Pena 2025
Mice: Evaluate and compare each fabrication method’s ability to encapsulate and retain the hydrophilic adjuvant cGAMP (
Pena 2024
Mice: Evaluate improved immunogenicity of Ace-DEX MPs delivering M2e by conjugating the M2e peptide to the particle surface in an effort to affect B-cell responses more directly (
Batty 2023 (PMID: 37458383)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Mice: Identify optimal degradation rate of vaccine; evaluate the effect of controlled antigen or adjuvant delivery on immune activation kinetics; evaluate protective efficacy; and evaluate potential for cross-reactivity (
Chen 2018
M2e nanovaccine
Developer
University of Quebec at Montreal (Canada)
Name
M2e nanovaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Multicomponent nanovaccine based on a fragment (R4R5) of the Curli-specific gene A (CsgA) protein; composed of cross-β-sheet nanofilaments exposing the conserved M2e epitope from the influenza virus; aimed at inducing a protective M2e-specific immune response.
Key Sources
St-Louis 2024 (PMID: 38461047)
Bricha 2023 (PMID: 37200051)
Zottig 2021 (PMID: 33476893)
Al-Halifa 2020 (PMID: 33036404)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Aluminum salts: Alum; Self-adjuvanted; TLR agonists
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
St-Louis 2024 (PMID: 38461047)
Bricha 2023 (PMID: 37200051)
Zottig 2021 (PMID: 33476893)
Al-Halifa 2020 (PMID: 33036404)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate the induced immunological response and the protection conferred by the 3M2e-R4R5 nanovaccine when administered intranasally (
St-Louis 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of multicomponent nanofilaments (
Bricha 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of M2e nanorods (NRs) (
Zottig 2021
Mice: evaluate self-assembling capacity and adjuvanticity (
Al-Halifa 2020
NA-Mi3 nanoparticles
Developer
Utrecht University (Netherlands)
Ghent University (Belgium)
Name
NA-Mi3 nanoparticles
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Soluble tetrameric NA antigens of the N1 and N2 subtypes conjugated to Mi3 self-assembling protein nanoparticles using the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system.
Key Sources
Pascha 2024 (PMID: 38821988)
Catani 2022 (PMID: 35087067)
Creytens 2021 (PMID: 34868073)
Job 2018 (PMID: 30510776)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Pascha 2024 (PMID: 38821988)
Catani 2022 (PMID: 35087067)
Job 2018 (PMID: 30510776)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Pascha 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Catani 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity, protective efficacy and scope of protection (
Job 2018
AH3–GFP
Developer
Vaxsia Biomedical (Taiwan)
University of Maryland Baltimore County (US)
Name
AH3–GFP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Self-assembled protein nanoparticle composed of a gain-of-function mutant of the AH3 peptide that enables temperature- and salt-dependent protein nanoparticle thermostability, intended to to stimulate a long-lasting humoral immune response, mediated by the presence of thermal stable protein nanoparticle that remains intact in the injection site
Key Sources
Wong 2023 (PMID: 36851303)
Developer Website: Vaxsia
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wong 2023 (PMID: 36851303)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Wong 2023
VT-105
Developer
Versatope Therapeutics (US)
Name
VT-105
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Combines diverse variants of influenza strains displayed on a single nano-sized rOMV (recombinant outer membrane vesicle); VT-105 is based on the M2 protein; targets the virus-infected cell to engage cell-mediated immune responses against all influenza strains.
Key Sources
Weyant 2023 (PMID: 36709333)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
Press Release 9-11-2024
Press Release 6-8-2020
Press Release 3-18-2020
News Story 9-21-2017
Developer Website: Versatope Therapeutics
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
CC rOMVs
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Weyant 2023 (PMID: 36709333)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of SNAP-OMV formulations displaying GFP or a water-soluble variant of Cm-MOMP (
Weyant 2023
Mice: Assess the role LPS play in eliciting humoral response against rOMV displayed proteins; evaluate safety of OMVs; assess humoral vaccine response; evaluate efficacy; Ferrets: Evaluate safety and efficacy (
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Mice: evaluate whether rOMBs could be released in a controlled fashion; to determine whether controlled release of rOMVs could lead to immune protection; assess longevity of a single dose rOMV vs. traditional prime/boost regimen (
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Rappazzo 2016
WI19-7mer
Developer
Wistar Institute (US)
Name
WI19-7mer
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
DNA-delivered self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine presenting the hemagglutinin (HA) head on the IMX313 heptamerization domain of the chicken C4-binding protein as a scaffold (WI19-7mer) co-administered with cytokine adjuvant (CTACK)
Key Sources
Liaw 2025 (PMID: 40398322)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Cytokine adjuvant CTACK
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liaw 2025 (PMID: 40398322)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Liaw 2025
HA-SAV
Developer
Yonsei University (South Korea)
Name
HA-SAV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A self-assembled vaccine (SAV) platform comprising antigen-polymer conjugates to elicit enhanced immune responses against pathogen
Key Sources
Park 2024 (PMID: 38189789)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2024 (PMID: 38189789)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Park 2024
FluMos self-assembling nanoparticle
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
FluMos self-assembling nanoparticle
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Uses computationally designed nanoparticle immunogens that controllably display diverse HA trimers in an ordered array on self-assembling protein nanoparticles; aimed at eliciting both HAI activity and protective stem-directed neutralizing antibodies against heterosubtypic influenza viruses.
FluMos-v2 is a mosaic hexavalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine composed of full-length HA trimers of 4 influenza A strains (H1: A/Idaho/07/2018; H2: A/Singapore/1/1957; H3: A/Perth/1008/2019; H3: A/Darwin/106/2020) and two influenza B lineages (B/Victoria: B/Colorado/06/2017; B/Yamagata: B/Phuket/3073/2013).
FluMos-v1 is a mosaic array of heterotypic influenza HA antigens (from H1, H3, HBV, and HBY) displayed on a single nanoparticle.
Both candidates are aimed at eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies by enhancing immune responses to conserved epitopes present in the HAs of all influenza strains contained in the nanoparticle.
(Formerly: FluMos-v1)
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Yang 2024 (PMID: 38402303)
Alabanza 2023 (PMID: 37451877)
Yang 2023 (PMID: 36906406)
Shajahan 2023 (PMID: 36723411)
Boyoglu-Barnum 2021 (PMID: 33762730)
Kanekiyo 2019 (PMID: 30742080)
Krammer 2019 comment (PMID: 30742079)
Georgiev 2018 (PMID: 29451984)
Kanekiyo 2013 (PMID: 23698367)
NCT07111078 (P1)
NCT06863142 (P1)
NCT05968989 (P1)
NCT04896086 (P1)
News Story 9-27-2023
Press Release 9-15-2023
Press Release 6-1-2021
Press Release 5-6-2021
NIH Funding
NIH Funding
Developer Website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA trimers
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Boyoglu-Barnum 2021 (PMID: 33762730)
Kanekiyo 2019 (PMID: 30742080)
Georgiev 2018 (PMID: 29451984)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Boyoglu-Barnum 2021
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Kanekiyo 2019
Guinea pigs: evaluate immunogenicity (
Georgiev 2018
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07111078
Trial 1 Status
Recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT07111078
: Quadrivalent Influenza HA Stem Vaccine VRC-FLUMOS0122-00-VP (SteMos1) With and Without ALFQ Adjuvant in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUMOS0122-00-VP (SteMos1)
56 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/27/25
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/18/27
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
8/18/27
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06863142
Trial 2 Status
Recruiting
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT06863142
: Evaluating the Dose, Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Mosaic Hexavalent Influenza Vaccine VRCFLUMOS0116-00-VP (FluMos-v2) With and Without ALFQ Adjuvant in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUMOS0116-00-VP (FluMos-v2)
45 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
4/28/25
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
7/31/26
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
7/31/26
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05968989
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT05968989
: Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Mosaic Hexavalent Influenza Vaccine VRC-FLUMOS0116-00-VP (FluMos-v2) in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUMOS0116-00-VP (FluMos-v2)
30 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
8/9/23
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
11/1/25
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
11/1/25
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT04896086
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT04896086
: First-in-Human Clinical Trial of a Mosaic Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Compared With a Licensed Inactivated Seasonal QIV, in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUMOS0111-00-VP (FluMos-v1)
63 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 4 Study Start Date
5/24/21
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
1/25/24
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
1/25/24
H1ssF (H1 HA stabilized stem ferritin) nanoparticle
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
H1ssF (H1 HA stabilized stem ferritin) nanoparticle
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
A self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle (H1ssF) containing HA stem epitopes, aimed at eliciting HA stem-specific antibody responses against heterologous influenza strains.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Crofts 2026 (PMID: 41997140)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 41212054)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 40263387)
Ataca 2025 (PMID: 39580804)
Sangesland 2025 (PMID: 40929243)
van Diemen 2025 (PMID: 39947075)
Mantus 2025 (PMID: 39742506)
Casazza 2024 (PMID: 39289377)
Andrews 2023 (PMID: 37075126)
Widge 2023 (PMID: 37075129)
Moin 2022 (PMID: 36356572)
Darricarrère 2021 (PMID: 33658355)
Corbett 2019 (PMID: 30808695)
Yassine 2015 (PMID: 26301691)
Press Release 4-20-2023
Press Release 3-3-2021
NIH Press Release 2019
NCT07340047 (P1)
NCT04579250 (P1)
NCT03814720 (P1)
NIH Funding
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA stem trimers
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
R848 and AddaVax; Squalene oil-in-water adjuvant; None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Crofts 2026 (PMID: 41997140)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 41212054)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 40263387)
Ataca 2025 (PMID: 39580804)
Sangesland 2025 (PMID: 40929243)
van Diemen 2025 (PMID: 39947075)
Moin 2022 (PMID: 36356572)
Darricarrère 2021 (PMID: 33658355)
Corbett 2019 (PMID: 30808695)
Yassine 2015 (PMID: 26301691)
Preclinical Studies
Newborn African green monkeys (AGMs): evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of dual-adjuvanted H1ssF-R848+AddaVax (
Crofts 2026
Newborn African green monkeys (AGMs): examine the cellular responses in the lung-draining lymph node following challenge with a heterologous H1N1 virus (
Crofts 2025
(PMID: 41212054))
African green monkey (AGM) nonhuman primate (NHP): evaluate protective immune responses to HA-stem ferritin nanoparticle vaccine (H1ssF+AddaVax) (
Crofts 2025
(PMID: 40263387))
Mice: show that under certain immunization conditions, the predominant IGHV1-69 germline-encoded CDR H2dependent response can be replaced by a CDR H3-centric mode of recognition to accommodate the binding and neutralization of group 2 HAs that are otherwise incompatible with the canonical CDR H2-centric recognition (
Ataca 2025
Cynomolgus macaques: investigate the B cell response following vaccination with H1ssF nanoparticle (
Sangesland 2025
Pigs: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of a stem-based HA2 nanoparticle vaccine (
van Diemen 2025
Mice, ferrets and nonhuman primates: Evaluate immune response elicited from co-immunization of two stem immunogens derived from group 1 and 2 HAs (
Moin 2022
Cynomolgus macaques: Investigate immunogenicity (
Darricarrere 2021
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Corbett 2019
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Yassine 2015
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07340047
Trial 1 Status
Not yet recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT07340047: H1ssF Flu Vaccine Clinical Trial
Formulation: H1ssF vaccine
112 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 70 years)
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/1/26
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/1/28
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/1/28
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT04579250
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT04579250
: Dose, Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of an Influenza H10 Stabilized Stem Ferritin Vaccine, VRC-FLUNPF0103-00-VP, in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUNPF0103-00-VP (H10ssF-6473)
25 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 70 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Casazza 2024
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 2 Study Start Date
10/8/20
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
1/27/22
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
1/27/22
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT03814720
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT03814720
: Dose, Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of an Influenza H1 Stabilized Stem Ferritin Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUNPF099-00-VP (H1ssF_3928)
52 Adults and Older Adults (18 to 70 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Andrews 2023
Widge 2023
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 3 Study Start Date
4/1/19
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
4/6/21
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
4/6/21
HA2 HA-ferritin nanoparticle
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
HA2 HA-ferritin nanoparticle
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
The HA2 HA-ferritin nanoparticle (HA-F A/Sing) vaccine displays 8 HA trimers from A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) influenza, designed to induce induce cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies to conserved epitopes in the receptor-binding site, medial junction, and central stem of HA.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Spangler 2025 (PMID: 40023164)
Yang 2024 (PMID: 38717904)
Nelson 2022 (PMID: 36289232)
Houser 2022 (PMID: 35115706)
Andrews 2022 (PMID: 35115707)
Kelly 2020 (PMID: 32434990)
Darricarrère 2018 (PMID: 30185594)
NCT03186781 (P1)
Press Release 5-11-2022
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA trimers
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Adjuplex
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Nelson 2022 (PMID: 36289232)
Darricarrère 2018 (PMID: 30185594)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of ferritin-based HA-Fe-nanoparticle vaccines (
Nelson 2022
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity; Evaluate the HAI cross-reactivity elicited by combinations of select HA-Nps; evaluate efficacy (
Darricarrere 2018
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03186781
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT03186781
: Influenza HA Ferritin Vaccine, Alone or in Prime-Boost Regimens With an Influenza DNA Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VRC-FLUNPF081-00-VP (HA-F A/Sing)
50 participants: Part 1: Adults at least 18 and born after 1969; Part 2: Adults 18-70 (not born in 1966-1969)
Bethesda, Maryland
Spangler 2025
Yang 2024
Yang 2023
Houser 2022
Andrews 2022
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/25/17
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
9/3/19
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
9/3/20
EBS-UFV-001 (UFluA)
Developer
Emergent BioSolutions (US)
Name
EBS-UFV-001 (UFluA)
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Nanoparticle based vaccine that self-assembles during production and that displays a cross-reactive HA antigen for influenza virus A groups 1 and 2. The self-assembling HA stabilized stem nanoparticle technology was developed by and licensed from NIAID. UFluA is comprised of DP-UFluA (1:1 A1-ssnp and A2-ssnp antigens) and contains aluminum hydroxide and CpG adjuvants.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
NCT05155319 (P1)
Press Release 12-16-2021
Developer website: Emergent BioSolutions
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
UFluA (comprised of DP-UFluA and contains aluminum hydroxide and CpG adjuvants)
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Studies
Unknown
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05155319
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05155319
: Universal Influenza A Vaccine in Healthy Adults (EBS-UFV-001)
27 Adults (18 to 45 years)
2 Australian locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
12/1/21
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
10/10/23
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
10/10/23
OVX836
Developer
Osivax (France)
Name
OVX836
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Self-assembling nanoparticle with multiple copies of full-length NP antigens; aimed at stimulating antibodies, cytotoxic T cells, and T helper cells.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Groth 2025 (PMID: 40573889)
Jacobs 2024 (PMID: 39772052)
Isakova-Sivak 2023 (PMID: 37517421)
Leroux-Roels 2023 (PMID: 37517422)
Withanage 2022 (PMID: 34653245)
Leroux-Roels 2022 (PMID: 35464450)
Del Campo 2021 (PMID: 34177921)
Horizon 2020
Del Campo 2019 (PMID: 30701093)
NCT06582277 (P2a)
NCT05569239 (P2b)
NCT05734040 (P2a)
NCT05284799 (P2a)
NCT05060887 / EudraCT 2021-002535-39 (P2a)
NCT04192500 (P2a)
NCT05184387 (Observational)
NCT03594890 (P1)
Press Release 4-7-2026
Press Release 12-9-2025
Press Release 9-16-2025
Press Release 8-26-2025
Press Release 7-10-2025
Press Release 6-5-2025
Press release 3-4-2025
Press Release 11-14-2024
Press Release 9-10-2024
Press Release 3-26-2024
Press Release 12-5-2023
Press Release 7-28-2023
Press Release 6-15-2023
Press Release 3-28-2023
Press Release 12-21-2022
Press Release 9-1-2022
Press Release 6-23-2022
Press Release 5-25-2022
Press Release 5-17-2022
Press Release 4-21-2022
Press release 12-2-2021
Press release 9-10-2020
Press release 7-8-2020
Press release 4-9-2020
Press Release 1-21-2020
Press release 12-5-2019
Development update 12-5-2019
Developer website
European Commission Funding
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
Full-length NP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Del Campo 2021 (PMID: 34177921)
Del Campo 2019 (PMID: 30701093)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protection produced by three NP proteins (
Del Campo 2021
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Del Campo 2019
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06582277
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT06582277
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Dose Levels of OVX836 Influenza Vaccine as a Booster on Participants Previously Administered With OVX836 (Phase 2a)
Formulation: OVX836
117 Adults and Older Adults (20 to 64 Years)
Ghent, Belgium
Press Release 6-5-2025
Press Release 11-14-2024
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
10/22/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
6/2/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
6/2/25
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT05569239
Trial 2 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT05569239
: Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of OVX836 Influenza Vaccine 480μg (Phase 2b)
Formulation: OVX836
2850 Adults (18 to 59 years)
16 study locations: Belgium, Finland, France and Germany
Press Release 9-16-2025
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
9/8/25
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/29/26
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
5/29/26
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT05734040
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT05734040
: Immunogenicity and Safety of the Concomitant Administration of OVX836 Influenza Vaccine, Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines and Placebo in Healthy Subjects. (Phase 2a)
Formulation: OVX836
478 Adults (18 to 60 Years)
9 Australian study locations
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
5/10/23
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
8/10/23
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
1/15/24
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT05284799
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT05284799
: Immunogenicity and Safety of the Concomitant Administration of OVX836 and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers. (Phase 2a)
Formulation: OVX836
180 Adults (15 to 55 years)
New South Wales, Australia
Groth 2025
Press Release 7-10-2025
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
5/9/22
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
12/9/22
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
7/19/22
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT05060887 / EudraCT 2021-002535-39
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT05060887
EudraCT 2021-002535-39
: Immunogenicity and Safety of Three Dose Levels of OVX836 Candidate Vaccine Against Influenza in Healthy Volunteers. (Phase 2a)
Formulation: OVX836
239 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
Ghent, Belgium
Jacobs 2024
Leroux-Roels 2023
Isakova-Sivak 2023
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 5 Study Start Date
11/15/21
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
2/1/22
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
12/7/22
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT04192500
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 6 Information
NCT04192500
: Safety and Immune Response of One Dose of OVX836 at Two Dose Levels, in Comparison to Influvac TetraTM, After Intramuscular Administration in Healthy Subjects Aged 18-65 Years. (Phase 2a)
Formulation: OVX836
300 Adults (18 to 65 years)
Ghent, Belgium
Leroux-Roels 2022
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 6 Study Start Date
12/11/19
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
9/7/20
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
9/7/20
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT05184387
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Information
NCT05184387
: A Prospective Epidemiological Cohort Study Evaluating Occurrences of Influenza-like Illness.
Formulation unspecified
66 Adults (18 to 55 Years)
Ghent, Belgium
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 7 Study Start Date
12/1/21
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
7/12/22
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
7/12/22
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT03594890
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 8 Information
NCT03594890
: Safety and Immune Response of Increasing Doses of OVX836 After Intramuscular or Intranasal Administrations in Healthy Subjects
Formulation: OVX836
72 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Antwerp, Belgium
Peer-reviewed publication:
Withanage 2022
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 8 Study Start Date
6/12/18
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
7/7/19
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
7/7/19
CIC Vaccine
Developer
Novavax (US)
Name
CIC Vaccine
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Combination SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccine that uses full-length, stabilized recombinant spike (rS) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 4 wild-type recombinant Hemagglutinin (rHA) proteins from the influenza virus, as antigens.
Status per pipeline
: "Available for partnership; no current investment"
Goal
COVID+Influenza
Key Sources
Fix 2026 (PMID: 41814863)
Massare 2021 (Preprint)
NCT06482359 (P3- Withdrawn)
NCT06291857 (P3)
CTRI/2025/10/095731 (P2/3)
NCT05519839 (P2)
NCT04961541 (P1/2)
Press Release 8-6-2025
Press Release 6-11-2025
Press Release 5-8-2025
Press Release 12-10-2024
Press Release 11-11-2024
Press Release 10-16-2024
Press Release 8-8-2024
Press Release 5-10-2024
Press Release 5-10-2024
Press Release 4-1-2024
Press Release 5-9-2023
Press Release 12-30-2022
Press Release 10-13-2022
Press Release 4-20-2022
Press Release 9-8-2021
Press Release 6-14-2021
Press Release 5-10-2021
News Story 5-9-2023
Novavax Presentation Jan 2026
Novavax Presentation Nov 2025
Novavax presentation Sep 2024
Novavax presentation Mar 2024
Novavax presentation Jan 2024
Novavax presentation Aug 2023
Novavax Presentation Apr 2022
Novavax Pipeline (Jan 2026)
Developer Website: Novavax
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
HA
SARS-CoV-2 stabilized recombinant spike protien
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Matrix-M
R&D Status
Static
Not progressing or on hold
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Massare 2021 (Preprint)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets, Hamsters: Evaluate immunogenicity (
assare 2021
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06482359
Trial 1 Status
Withdrawn
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT06482359
: Lot Consistency Study of COVID-19 and Influenza Combination Vaccine
Formulation: coformulated CIC Vaccine (SARS-CoV-2 rS, tNIV, Matrix-M adjuvant)
1925 Adults and Older Adults (65 to 85 years)
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet posted
Trial 1 Study Start Date
2/1/25
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/16/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
5/17/26
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT06291857
Trial 2 Status
Active, not recruiting
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 2 Information
NCT06291857
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine and Influenza Combination Vaccine
Formulation: CIC Vaccine Co-formulated tNIV2, SARSCoV-2 rS and Matrix-M Adjuvant
9320 Older Adults (65 to 75 years)
58 study locations: Australia and New Zealand
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
12/9/24
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
7/26/26
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
9/30/26
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
CTRI/2025/10/095731
Trial 3 Status
Open to Recruitment
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 3 Information
CTRI/2025/10/095731
: A Study to check Immunogenicity and Safety of A Trivalent Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine and Covid-Influenza Combination Vaccine in Adults (Phase 2/3)
Formulations: Trivalent Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine (tNIV), COVID-Influenza Combination (CIC) Vaccine
2400 Adults
Unknown study location(s)
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
10/27/25
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT05519839
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT05519839
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 and Influenza Combination Vaccine (COVID-19)
Formulations: CIC, qNIV, SARS-CoV-2 rS
1579 Adults and Older Adults (50 to 80 years)
35 study locations: Australia and New Zealand
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
12/30/22
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
12/24/23
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
7/25/23
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT04961541
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT04961541
: Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Influenza and COVID-19 Combination Vaccine. (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: quadrivalent hemagglutinin (HA) nanoparticle influenza vaccine (qNIV2), SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike (rS), and Matrix-M1 Adjuvant (ICC Vaccine)
642 Adults and Older Adults (50 to 70 years)
10 Australian locations
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 5 Study Start Date
9/8/21
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
12/22/21
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
4/22/22
Nano-Flu (tNIV)
Developer
Novavax (US)
Name
Nano-Flu (tNIV)
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Recombinant
Spodoptera frugiperda
(Sf9) insect cell or baculovirus system-derived,  trivalent haemagglutinin (HA) nanoparticle influenza vaccine (NIV), formulated with a saponin-based adjuvant, Matrix-M™ (tNIV).
Status per pipeline
: "Available for partnership; no current investment"
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Fix 2026 (PMID: 41814863)
Vincent 2024 (PMID: 39597746)
Shinde 2022 (PMID: 34563277)
Isakova-Sivak 2022 (PMID: 34563276)
Abbasi 2021 (PMID: 34751731)
Shinde 2021 (PMID: 33146720)
Portnoff 2020 (PMID: 32098409)
Shinde 2018 (PMID: 29897849)
Smith 2017 (PMID: 28844407)
NCT06485752 (P3- Withdrawn)
NCT04120194 (P3)
CTRI/2025/10/095731 (P2/3)
NCT03658629 (P2- Terminated)
NCT03293498 (P1/2)
Press release 8-6-2025
Press Release 6-11-2025
Press Release 12-10-2024
Press Release 11-11-2024
Press Release 10-16-2024
Press Release 8-8-2024
Press Release 5-9-2023
Press Release 9-23-2021
Press Release 5-10-2021
Press Release 10-13-2020
Press Release 5-6-2020
Press Release 3-24-2020
Press Release 2-25-2020
Press Release 1-15-2020
News Story 5-9-2023
Novavax Presentation Jan 2026
Novavax presentation Nov 2025
Novavax Pipeline (Jan 2026)
Developer website: Novavax
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Vaccine Platform
Nanoparticle
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Matrix-M
R&D Status
Static
Not progressing or on hold
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Portnoff 2020 (PMID: 32098409)
Smith 2017 (PMID: 28844407)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: further evaluate immunogenicity (
Portnoff 2020
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity (
Smith 2017
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06485752
Trial 1 Status
Withdrawn
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT06485752
: Phase 3 Lot Consistency Study of Trivalent Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine
Formulation: tNIV 1
1200 Adults and Older Adults (60 to 75 years)
Unknown study locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
11/1/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
2/4/25
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
2/4/25
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT04120194
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 2 Information
NCT04120194
: Phase 3 Pivotal Trial of NanoFlu™ in Older Adults
Formulation: NanoFlu
2654 Older Adults (65 years and older)
19 US Study Locations
Peer-reviewed publication:
Shinde 2021
Abbasi 2021
Press Release 9-23-2021
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
10/14/19
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
10/29/20
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
12/13/20
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
CTRI/2025/10/095731
Trial 3 Status
Open to Recruitment
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 3 Information
CTRI/2025/10/095731
: A Study to check Immunogenicity and Safety of A Trivalent Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine and Covid-Influenza Combination Vaccine in Adults (Phase 2/3)
Formulations: Trivalent Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine (tNIV), COVID-Influenza Combination (CIC) Vaccine
2400 Adults
Unknown study location(s)
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT03658629
Trial 4 Status
Terminated
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT03658629
: Phase 2 Dose and Formulation Confirmation of Quad-NIV in Older Adults
Formulation: NanoFlu (Quad-NIV)
1375 Older Adults (65 years and older)
14 US study locations
Peer-reviewed publication:
Shinde 2021
Press Release 1-3-2019
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 4 Study Start Date
9/24/18
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
4/26/19
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
4/26/19
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT03293498
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT03293498
: Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Trivalent Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine With Matrix M-1 Adjuvant (NanoFlu). (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: NanoFlu
330 Adults and Older Adults (60 years and older)
3 US study locations
Peer-reviewed publication:
Shinde 2018
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 5 Study Start Date
8/18/17
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
3/14/18
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
10/29/18
Platform
Recombinant proteins
27
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
P125-H
Developer
China CDC (China)
Name
P125-H
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Multiple polypeptides derived from highly conserved regions of influenza virus proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix protein 2 (M2) linked using Ii-Key technology; administered via intraperitoneal injection with MF59 adjuvant
Key Sources
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39852860)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Peptide-based
Delivery Mechanism
Intraperitoneal
Adjuvant
MF59
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39852860)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Zhao 2025
rM2e-ΔPly
Developer
Chongqing Medical University (China)
Name
rM2e-ΔPly
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A novel rM2e-ΔPly protein containing multiple M2e originated from different species of IAV expressed in
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Key Sources
Guo 2022 (PMID: 36306645)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
ΔA146Ply
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Guo 2022 (PMID: 36306645)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Guo 2022
N1-I COBRA NA antigen
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Georgia State University (US)
Name
N1-I COBRA NA antigen
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) generated N1-I NA vaccine designed to cross react with avian, swine and human influenza viruses of N1 NA subtype.
Key Sources
Skarlupka 2023 (PMID: 36680224)
Skarlupka 2021 (PMID: 34160258)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Addavax squalene-based oil-in-water
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Skarlupka 2023 (PMID: 36680224)
Skarlupka 2021 (PMID: 34160258)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Skarlupka 2023
Mice: evaluate efficacy (
Skarlupka 2021
rNA-MPP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
rNA-MPP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant NA-based influenza virus vaccine candidates, adjuvanted with different adjuvants including CPG 1018, BDX100 and BDX301, derived from bacterial cells, aimed at broader protection via the mucosal route.
Key Sources
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
De Mathia 2025 (PMID: 40651308)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40640198)
Hoxie 2024 (PMID: 39241354)
McMahon 2023 (PMID: 37800945)
Momont 2023 (PMID: 37258672)
Strohmeier 2022 (PMID: 35869085)
Roubidoux 2022 (PMID: 35446141)
Tan 2022 (PMID: 34669506)
Rajendran 2021 (PMID: 34451971)
Oh 2021 (PMID: 34890255)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 34809451)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 33921722)
McMahon 2020 (PMID: 32943267)
McMahon 2019 (PMID: 31113896)
Wohlbold 2015 (PMID: 25759506)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CpG 1018; Alum
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40640198)
Hoxie 2024 (PMID: 39241354)
McMahon 2023 (PMID: 37800945)
Momont 2023 (PMID: 37258672)
Strohmeier 2022 (PMID: 35869085)
Roubidoux 2022 (PMID: 35446141)
Tan 2022 (PMID: 34669506)
Oh 2021 (PMID: 34890255)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 34809451)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 33921722)
McMahon 2020 (PMID: 32943267)
McMahon 2019 (PMID: 31113896)
Wohlbold 2015 (PMID: 25759506)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of the combination of group 2 cHA inactivated split vaccines with the rNA-N2-MPP protein and the CpG 1018 adjuvant, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist (
Puente-Massaguer 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of adjuvanted rNA-N1-MPP (
Vasilev 2025
Mice and Hamsters: assess the combination of CpG 1018 adjuvant and alum (
Hoxie 2024
Guinea pigs: evaluate protective efficacy of vaccine delivered at a mucosal site (
McMahon 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Momont 2023
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Strohmeier 2022
Mice: evaluate how antibody responses target the N1 protein (
Roubidoux 2022
Guinea pigs: evaluate the potential of three human broadly reactive anti-NA MAbs in reducing airborne influenza virus transmission (
Tan 2022
Mice: evaluate efficacy of intranasal delivery (
Oh 2021
Mice: evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Strohmeier 2021
(PMID: 34809451))
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Strohmeier 2021
(PMID: 33921722))
Mice: assess enzymatic activity, antigenicity and immunogenicity (
McMahon 2020
Guinea pigs: evaluate immunogenicity; determine delivery method; determine breadth of immunity (
McMahon 2019
Mice: evaluate breadth of immunogens and protective efficacy (
Wohlbold 2015
Scrambled HA (scrHA)
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of Wisconsin (US)
Name
Scrambled HA (scrHA)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An H3 HA vaccine antigen with various amino acids at immunodominant epitopes of the HA head domain.
Key Sources
Chiba 2023 (PMID: 37466314)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Alhydrogel
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chiba 2023 (PMID: 37466314)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immune responses elicited by scrHA (
Chiba 2023
Sbmut HA
Developer
Duke University (US)
Name
Sb
mut
HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An HA antigenic mixture–based vaccine with four positions of the Sb antigenic site randomized within the back-bone of an H1 HA
Key Sources
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Luo 2024
M2e-H3 stalk
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
M2e-H3 stalk
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Chimeric M2e and H3 hemagglutinin (HA) stalk protein vaccine engineered by genetically linking M2e repeat to the engineered H3 stalk domain with stabilizing HA1 N- and C-terminal region and point mutations
Key Sources
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Subbiah 2022 (PMID: 35768475)
Press release 8-1-2022
Press release 7-1-2022
Patent: Recombinant Subunit Based Universal Influenza and Respiratory Virus Vac…
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Chimeric HA (cHA)
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AS01
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Subbiah 2022 (PMID: 35768475)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Kim 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Subbiah 2022)
“Beads-on-a-string” (BOAS) Immunogens
Developer
Harvard University (US)
Name
“Beads-on-a-string” (BOAS) Immunogens
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinantly produced, protein-based immunogens, “beads-on-a-string” or BOAS, have between three and eight unique HA heads including circulating and non-circulating A and B influenzas; tandemly linked multiple HA subtypes into a single immunogen.
Key Sources
Thornlow Lamson 2025 (PMID: 41359709)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Sigma Adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Thornlow Lamson 2025 (PMID: 41359709)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Thornlow Lamson 2025
rNP plus BPPcysMPEG
Developer
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (Germany)
Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU) (Argentina)
Name
rNP plus BPPcysMPEG
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant protein based vaccine containing the NP antigen adjuvanted with a TLR2/6 agonist, the BPPcysMPEG adjuvant
Key Sources
Sanchez 2023 (PMID: 36986773)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
BPPcysMPEG adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Sanchez 2023 (PMID: 36986773)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Sanchez 2023
Stabilized mHA
Developer
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
Stabilized mHA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
The mosaic HA (mHA) construct replaces immunodominant antigenic sites in the HA head domain with “exotic” antigens from avian influenza viruses to which humans have no prior exposure. Sequential immunizations with mHA proteins aim to induce broadly protective immunity by redirecting immune responses toward conserved, immunosubdominant epitopes the HA head and stalk domains.
Key Sources
Mishra 2026 (PMID: 41883166)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
Mosaic hemagglutinin
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Addavax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Mishra 2026 (PMID: 41883166)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of sequential immunization with stabilized mHAs (
Mishra 2026
LHNVD-105/110
Developer
Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics (US)
Name
LHNVD-105/110
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An unconjugated multiepitope composite peptide vaccine including conserved peptides from the HA, NA, and matrix (M1, M2, M2e) proteins combined with a T-cell epitope, formulated with the ALFQ (Army liposomal formulation with QS21) adjuvant.
Key Sources
Rikhi 2025 (Preprint)
Rikhi 2025
Rikhi 2023 (PMID: 37766144)
Kroscher 2022
Sei 2021 (PMID: 34202178)
Sei 2018
News Story 11-5-2024
Press Release 4-27-2024
Press Release 9-27-2023
Press Release 10-24-2022
Patent: Composite antigenic sequences and vaccines
Developer Website: Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Peptide-based
Delivery Mechanism
Intradermal
Adjuvant
ALFQ; TiterMax Gold; Freund's adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Rikhi 2025 (Preprint)
Rikhi 2025
Rikhi 2023 (PMID: 37766144)
Kroscher 2022
Sei 2021 (PMID: 34202178)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate the immunogenicity of a synthetic, single, unconjugated, multi-epitope composite peptide vaccine (
Rikhi 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of an unconjugated single composite peptide vaccine comprising highly conserved HA, NA, and matrix epitopes, formulated with ALFQ adjuvant (
Rikhi 2025
Mice: evaluate durability of immune response using multiple routes of administration (
Rikhi 2023
Pigs: evaluate immunogenicity of unconjugated  multi-epitope peptides formulated with AddaVaxTM adjuvant (Kroscher 2022)
Mice: evaluate the immunogenicity of unconjugated and CRM-conjugated composite peptides containing conserved influenza virus epitopes from hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M2e) plus Army liposomal adjuvant (ALFQ) (
Sei 2021
Mini‐HA subunit
Developer
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (China)
Name
Mini‐HA subunit
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
The conserved protein HA stem (MiniHA) combined with the CTA1‐DD adjuvant to develop a novel mucosal vaccine
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40985326)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
CTA1‐DD
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40985326)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Wang 2025
N1*N2BN + LTB(TT)-HCA2
Developer
National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan)
Name
N1*N2BN + LTB(TT)-HCA2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Trivalent recombinant NA proteins  (N1*, N2 and BN) combined with the mucosal adjuvant LTB(TT) fused with universally conserved HCA2 sequences; administered intranasally as a prime-boost
Key Sources
Hung 2026 (PMID: 41855645)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
Tetrameric Ectodomain of NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Mucosal adjuvant LTB(TT)-HCA2
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hung 2026 (PMID: 41855645)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Hung 2026
3M2e-HA2-NP chimeric subunit
Developer
Pasteur Institute of Iran (Iran)
Name
3M2e-HA2-NP chimeric subunit
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant chimeric protein 3M2e-HA2-NP containing conserved regions of M2e, HA, and NP derived from influenza A virus.
Key Sources
Maleki 2023 (PMID: 37191741)
Saleh 2020 (PMID: 32152828)
Farahmand 2019 (PMID: 30382564)
Shokouhi 2018 (PMID: 29730305)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
HSP70; Alum
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Maleki 2023 (PMID: 37191741)
Saleh 2020 (PMID: 32152828)
Farahmand 2019 (PMID: 30382564)
Shokouhi 2018 (PMID: 29730305)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective properties (
Maleki 2023
Mice: evaluate protective immunity with different adjuvants (
Saleh 2020
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Farahmand 2019
Mice: evaluate effects of adjuvant (
Shokouhi 2018
M2e based recombinant fusion proteins
Developer
Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Name
M2e based recombinant fusion proteins
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant plant-produced protein (Flg4M2eHA2-1) based on the combination of 4 tandem copies of M2e and conserved fragments of HA2, fused to bacterial flagellin containing CD8+ epitopes of NP as an adjuvant for mucosal immunization; administered intranasally.
Key Sources
Shuklina 2024 (PMID: 39452110)
Stepanova 2022 (PMID: 36560509)
Blokhina 2020 (PMID: 32013187)
Tsybalova 2018 (PMID: 30138320)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29631629)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29713522)
Mardanova 2016 (PMID: 26710263)
Mardanova 2015 (PMID: 26022390)
Stepanova 2015 (PMID: 25799221)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Flagellin
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Shuklina 2024 (PMID: 39452110)
Stepanova 2022 (PMID: 36560509)
Tsybalova 2018 (PMID: 30138320)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29631629)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29713522)
Stepanova 2015 (PMID: 25799221)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate protective properties of the two proteins (with and without NP epitopes) and compare humoral responses (
Shuklina 2024
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein after intranasal immunization (
Stepanova 2022
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of enhanced vaccine candidate (
Tsybalova 2018
Mice: compare immunogenicity and protective action of two recombinant proteins which feature different designs which target different antigens (
Stepanova 2018
Mice: compare the effect of different insertion points of the target antigens into flagellin on the structure, stability and immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins (
Stepanova 2018
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Stepanova 2015
Monovalent rNA
Developer
Sanofi (France)
Name
Monovalent rNA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A rNA monovalent protein vaccine candidate vaccine that uses tetramer conformation to enable stability for at least 24-months at refrigerated (5°C) storage.
Key Sources
Li 2024 (PMID: 38497413)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant, AF03
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Li 2024 (PMID: 38497413)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Li 2024
rTET-NA
Developer
Sanofi (France)
Name
rTET-NA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Soluble recombinant NAs produced from a number of subtypes by fusion of the globular head domain with the tetrabrachion tetramerization domain (rTET-NA), added to a quadrivalent HA-based influenza vaccine
Key Sources
Cortés 2024 (PMID: 39562599)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AF03
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Cortés 2024 (PMID: 39562599)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Cortés 2024
HAm
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
HAm
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Stabilized trimeric recombinant mosaic HA proteins named HAm, expressed using a protein-based vaccine platform
Key Sources
Liu 2024 (PMID: 39340038)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liu 2024 (PMID: 39340038)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: investigate the immune response and protective efficacy of a recombinant mosaic HAs vaccine (
Liu 2024
HA-T-AGM Protein
Developer
Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (India)
Name
HA-T-AGM Protein
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A recombinant full-length soluble trimeric HA protein expressed in mammalian Expi293F expression system administered intradermally and with Addavax adjuvant
Key Sources
Raj 2023 (PMID: 37112692)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intradermal
Adjuvant
Addavax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Raj 2023 (PMID: 37112692)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Raj 2023
Pentameric M2e
Developer
Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (India)
Name
Pentameric M2e
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A recombinant antigen comprising five tandem repeats of the M2e epitope (M2e-5x) fused to the tGCN4 domain, which promotes oligomerization and stability. Administered intramuscularly in a prime-boost regimen
Key Sources
Kumar 2026 (PMID: 41615147)
Samal 2021 (PMID: 33837741) (Correction)
Samal 2020 (PMID: 32817314)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Addavax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kumar 2026 (PMID: 41615147)
Samal 2020 (PMID: 32817314)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Kumar 2026
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Samal 2020
COBRA HA and NA proteins
Developer
University of Georgia (US)
Name
COBRA HA and NA proteins
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Multivalent COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) HA and NA immunogens (N1 and N2) designed to cross react with several IAV strains, combined with novel immunostimulatory adjuvants, such as: CpG 1018, Advax-SM
TM
, a novel adjuvant comprising inulin polysaccharide and CpG55.2, a TLR9 agonist, c-di-AMP adjuvant, or Infectimune®, a cationic lipid nanoparticle adjuvant.
Key Sources
Zhang 2026 (PMID: 41712567)
Lu 2026 (PMID: 40578602)
Richardson 2026 (PMID: 41351929)
Uno and Ross 2025 (PMID: 41379867)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41152889)
Sanchez 2025 (PMID: 40733639)
Allen 2025 (PMID: 40400055)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40267617)
Allen 2024 (PMID: 39772026)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 39171925)
Ge and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38850895)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38877101)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38793706)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 38228649)
Nuñez 2023 (PMID: 38170075)
Press Release 8-22-2024
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
AddaVax or Advax-SM
TM
, or c-di-AMP, or TLR agonists as adjuvants
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2026 (PMID: 41712567)
Lu 2026 (PMID: 40578602)
Richardson 2026 (PMID: 41351929)
Uno and Ross 2025 (PMID: 41379867)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41152889)
Sanchez 2025 (PMID: 40733639)
Allen 2025 (PMID: 40400055)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40267617)
Allen 2024 (PMID: 39772026)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 39171925)
Ge and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38850895)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38877101)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38793706)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 38228649)
Nuñez 2023 (PMID: 38170075)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: assess age-related differences in antibody responses following COBRA HA vaccination (
Zhang 2026
Mice: evaluate whether and to what extent the homologous and heterologous HAI titers were associated with disease outcomes when a mismatch occurred (
Lu 2026
Ferrets: evaluate efficacy of COBRA HA proteins mixed with one of three toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, CpG1826 (TLR9 agonist), INI-2002 (TLR4 agonist), or INI-4001 (TLR7/8 agonist) (
Richardson 2026
Mice and Ferrets: compare immunogenicity of COBRA-derived hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase recombinant protein combined with the c-di-AMP adjuvant administered intranasally vs seasonal vaccines (
Uno and Ross 2025
Elderly ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of COBRA HA recombinant proteins mixed with a TRAC478 or SAS adjuvants (
Zhang 2025
Mice: compare immunogenicity of unadjuvanted and CpG 1018 adjuvanted COBRA HA/NA (
Sanchez 2025
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate antigenic breadth of 5 H3 COBRA HA proteins, NG4 to NG8, expressed as rHA proteins using a cationic lipid nanoparticle adjuvant, Infectimune (
Allen 2025
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity of Infectimune® adjuvanted mixtures of COBRA hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) recombinant protein vaccines (
Zhang 2025
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and dose sparing effects of the Infectimune® adjuvant when administered with rHA vaccines (
Allen 2024
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity in both immunologically naive ferrets and in ferrets pre-immune to historical influenza viruses (
Uno 2024 (PMID: 39171925)
Mice: evaluate efficacy and duration of immune responses of a pentavalent formulation of COBRA rHA (H2, H5, H7) and COBRA rNA (N1, N2) antigens (
Ge and Ross 2024
Mice: evaluate efficacy of intranasal delivery of COBRA H1 and H3 HA vaccines formulated with M7-NH
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38877101)
Mice: compare immunogenicity and efficacy when using different adjuvants (
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38793706)
Mice: evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Uno 2024 (PMID: 38228649)
Ferrets: evaluate efficacy in pre-immune ferrets (
Nuñez 2023
COBRA H1 HA
Developer
University of North Carolina (US)
University of Georgia (US)
Name
COBRA H1 HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
COBRA HA vaccine coadministered intranasally with a novel adjuvant. Adjuvants include PEI-Ox-DEX hydrogel, M7-CpG, and cGAMP MPs
Key Sources
Ontiveros-Padilla 2025 (PMID: 40393528)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 38464191)
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38435811)
Hendy 2023 (PMID: 37603310)
Ontiveros-Padilla 2023 (PMID: 37033992)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Batty 2022 (PMID: 35623484)
Eckshtain-Levi 2022 (PMID: 35704854)
Varma 2022 (PMID: 35353486)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
cGAMP
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ontiveros-Padilla 2025 (PMID: 40393528)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 38920382)
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38435811)
Hendy 2023 (PMID: 37603310)
Ontiveros-Padilla 2023 (PMID: 37033992)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Batty 2022 (PMID: 35623484)
Eckshtain-Levi 2022 (PMID: 35704854)
Varma 2022 (PMID: 35353486)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity of MP12W-CpG nanoparticles (
Ontiveros-Padilla 2025
Mice: Evaluate effectiveness of COBRA-based vaccines (H1, H3, and H5) as subunit vaccines with and without cGAMP MPs (
Zhang 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of a vaccine platform consisting of acetalated dextran microparticles loaded with COBRA HA and the STING agonist cyclic GMP‐AMP (
Hendy 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of COBRA HA immunogen Y2 and the adjuvant CpG when delivered with a new coordination polymer composed of the dipeptide carnosine and zinc (ZnCar) (
Hendy 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of COBRA HA with M7-CpG adjuvant (
Ontiveros-Padilla 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of Ace-DEX encapsulate CpG as an adjuvant (
Batty 2023
Mice: compare activity of the adjuvant cGAMP MPs resulting from multiplexed electrospray apparatus versus a single-head apparatus (
Batty 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity when OVA is encapsulated in ZnCar (
Eckshtain-Levi 2022
Mice: Evaluate the potential of the PEI-Ox-DEX gel to generate a systemic and mucosal humoral immune response using two antigens, OVA and COBRA HA, both with cGAMP (
Varma 2022
Mosaic nucleoprotein (MNP)
Developer
University of Wisconsin (US)
Name
Mosaic nucleoprotein (MNP)
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A mosaic nucleoprotein (MNP) created by synthesizing a sequence that maximized the representation of 9-mer epitopes from 7422 NP sequences across human, swine, and avian IAVs; administered intranasally with combination adjuvant consisting of Adjuplex (ADJ; carbomer-based adjuvant) and glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA; TLR-4 agonist).
Key Sources
Park 2025 (PMID: 39898643)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Combination adjuvant consisting of Adjuplex (ADJ; carbomer-based adjuvant) and glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA; TLR-4 agonist)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2025 (PMID: 39898643)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Park 2025
Recombinant HA proteins
Developer
University of Wisconsin (US)
Name
Recombinant HA proteins
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Novel vaccine strategy involving introducing mutations into HA at amino acid positions at which Victoria- and Yamagata-lineage viruses differ, and selecting mutants that shared antigenic characteristics of both lineages, leading to the generation of ‘hybrid’ vaccine viruses with the potential to protect against both lineages.
Key Sources
Gu 2025 (PMID: 39774170)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Unknown
Adjuvant
Alhydrogel
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Gu 2025 (PMID: 39774170)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Gu 2025
B60-Stem-8071
Developer
Xiamen University (China)
Name
B60-Stem-8071
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An HA stem vaccine grafted with an epitope of broadly neutralizing antibodies CR8071 to stabilize the stem HA domain
Key Sources
Zeng 2022 (PMID: 35746776)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
HA Stem
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Freund’s complete adjuvant and Freund’s incomplete adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zeng 2022 (PMID: 35746776)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Zeng 2022
Deglycosylated modified HA
Developer
Xiamen University (China)
Name
Deglycosylated modified HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Deglycosylated modified HA proteins from H3N2 with various lengths of glycans administered intramuscularly
Key Sources
Zhang 2022 (PMID: 36016191)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Aluminum adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2022 (PMID: 36016191)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate efficacy of deglycosylated modified HA proteins from H3N2 with various lengths of glycans as potential vaccine candidates (
Zhang 2022
Prime and HA
Developer
Yale University (US)
Name
Prime and HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Intranasal recombinant HA protein booster; used following intramuscular HA-encoding mRNA-LNP prime vaccine to elicit protective mucosal immune responses and confer sterilizing immunity against influenza virus infection.
Key Sources
Moriyama 2025 (PMID: 40991437)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Moriyama 2025 (PMID: 40991437)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Moriyama 2025
fH1/DSP-0546LP
Developer
Sumitomo Pharma (Japan)
National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (Japan)
Name
fH1/DSP-0546LP
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Post-fusion HA antigens adjuvanted with a newly developed liposomal SA-2 containing a synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist (DSP-0546) compound.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Nishiyama 2023 (PMID: 37330368)
NCT06460064 (P1)
Press Release 2-26-2026
Press Release 10-1-2025
Press Release 7-31-2025
Press Release 5-14-2024
Sumitomo Presentation Feb 2026
Sumitomo Presentation Dec 2025
Sumitomo presentation July 2025
Sumitomo presentation May 2025
Development Update July 2024
Patent: Composition Containing Influenza Vaccine
Developer website: Sumitomo Pharma
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
Post-fusion HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
SA-2
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Nishiyama 2023 (PMID: 37330368)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate cross protection and vaccine efficacy (
Nishiyama 2023
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT06460064
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT06460064
: First-in-human Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Adjuvanted Universal Influenza Vaccine fH1/​DSP-0546LP
Formulations: fH1, DSP-0546LP
144 Adults (18 to 40 Years)
Belgium
Interim results:
Press Release 7-31-2025
Press Release 10-1-2025
Press Release 2-26-2026
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
6/26/24
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
3/31/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
3/31/26
rH5-NE
Developer
University of Maryland (US)
BlueWillow Biologics (US)
Name
rH5-NE
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
An H5 (A/Indonesia/05/2005) recombinant HA glycoprotein vaccine (rH5) combined with an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant, administered intranasally in two doses 28 days apart, followed by an intramuscular boost with unadjuvanted inactivated A/H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004, clade 1) vaccine six months later
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Deming 2025 (PMID: 41198655)
Smith 2019 (PMID: 31495593)
NCT05397119 (P1)
BlueWillow CEO Blog Post 1-29-2026
NIH Funding
Developer Website: BlueWillow Biologics
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
H5
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE)
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Smith 2019 (PMID: 31495593)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Smith 2019
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05397119
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT05397119
: A Safety and Immunogenicity of Intranasal Nanoemulsion Adjuvanted Recombinant Pandemic Flu Vaccine in Healthy Adults (IN-NE-rH5)
Formulation: BW-1014
40 Adults (18 to 45 years)
1 US study location: Maryland
Results:
Deming 2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
7/7/22
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
10/12/23
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
10/12/23
FLU-v
Developer
ConserV Bioscience (UK)
Name
FLU-v
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Peptide-based construct derived from conserved regions of internal proteins (M1, IAV-NP, IBV-NP, and M2) aiming to provide a broadly protective immune response against influenza A and B through viral clearance by cytotoxic T cell responses.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Naess 2025
Oftung 2022 (PMID: 36146606)
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32150750)
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32194999)
Abbasi 2020 (PMID: 32286631)
Van Doorn 2017 (PMID: 28376743)
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 26084515)
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 25994549)
Pleguezuelos 2012 (PMID: 22575166)
Stoloff 2007 (PMID: 17668898)
Press Release 10-22-2025
Press Release 7-7-2025
Press release 3-16-2020
Press release 1-11-19
NCT02962908 / EudraCT 2015-001932-38 (P2b)
NCT03180801 / EudraCT 2016-002134-74 (P2b)
NCT01226758 (P1b)
NCT01181336 (P1b)
Developer Website: ConserV Bioscience
NIH Funding
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Peptide-based
Antigen(s)
M1, M2, NP-A, and NP-B
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
Oil-in-water: Montanide ISA VG51
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Stoloff 2007 (PMID: 17668898)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate Immunogenicity (
Stoloff 2007
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT02962908 / EudraCT 2015-001932-38
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT02962908
EudraCT 2015-001932-38
: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase IIb Trial to Test FLU-v Vaccine. (Phase 2b)
Formulation: FLU-v
175 Adults (18 to 60 years)
Zwolle, Netherlands
Sponsor Press Release
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32150750)
Oftung 202
Naess 2025
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, Peer-reviewed publication, Results posted in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/1/16
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
7/18/17
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
7/18/17
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03180801 / EudraCT 2016-002134-74
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT03180801
EudraCT 2016-002134-74
: Efficacy of FLU-v in an H1N1 Influenza Human Challenge Model. (Phase 2b)
Formulation: FLU-v
153 Adults (18 to 55 years)
London, United Kingdom
Sponsor Press Release
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32194999)
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, peer-reviewed publication, results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
8/18/16
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
3/31/17
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
5/25/17
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT01226758
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT01226758
: Influenza Vaccine Challenge Study in Healthy Subjects. (Phase 1b)
Formulation: FLU-v
32 Adults (18 to 45 years)
London, United Kingdom
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 25994549)
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 26084515)
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Peer reviewed publications
Trial 3 Study Start Date
6/1/10
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
12/1/10
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
12/1/10
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT01181336
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT01181336
: Phase 1b Influenza Vaccine Study in Healthy Subjects
Formulation: FLU-v
48 Adults (18 to 40 years)
London, United Kingdom
Pleguezuelos 2012 (PMID: 22575166)
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Peer-reviewed publication
Trial 4 Study Start Date
4/1/10
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
7/1/10
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
7/1/10
G1 mHA
Developer
Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, J&J (Netherlands)
Name
G1 mHA
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Group 1 HA stem-based antigen, based on an approach that removes the immunodominant HA head region while stabilizing the structure of the stem region; aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies.
(Formerly: Mini-HA)
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Hertoghs 2026
Swart 2023 (PMID: 37952003)
Kil 2019 (PMID: 31725776)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 29977611)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 30369928)
Impagliazzo 2015 (PMID: 26303961)
News Story 4-13-2026
NCT05901636 (P1/2a)
Developer Website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Antigen(s)
Stabilized trimeric H1 stem
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Aluminum salts: Alum; AS01
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Swart 2023 (PMID: 37952003)
Kil 2019 (PMID: 31725776)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 29977611)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 30369928)
Impagliazzo 2015 (PMID: 26303961)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate the immunogenicity of H1 stem formulated with different doses of SLA and QS-21 in a liposomal formulation (SLA-LSQ) in NHP, in comparison with AS01
Swart 2023
Mice: investigate antigen-specific B-cell differentiation kinetics (
Kil 2019
Mice: evaluate the impact of previous exposure to influenza on the induction of broadly influenza reactive antibodies by mini-HA antigen (
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 29977611))
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 30369928))
Mice: evaluate breadth of protection (
Impagliazzo 2015)
Mice: evaluate whether serum antibodies are responsible for in vivo protection (
Impagliazzo 2015)
Cynomolgus monkeys: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Impagliazzo 2015)
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT05901636
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT05901636
: A Clinical Study to Evaluate an Experimental Universal Influenza Vaccine, INFLUENZA G1 mHA, in Healthy Adults. (Phase 1/2a)
Formulation: INFLUENZA G1 mHA
170 Adults (18 to 45 years)
4 US Study Locations
Results:
Hertoghs 2026
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry; Results published in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
5/17/23
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/19/24
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
8/19/24
FP-01.1
Developer
Immune Targeting Systems (now Altimmune) (US)
Name
FP-01.1
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Novel construct consisting of 6 synthetic peptides linked to an inert fluorocarbon chain, encapsulating multiple conserved epitopes (NP, M, and PB1/PB2); aimed at generating T cell responses to divergent influenza strains.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Francis 2015 (PMID: 24928790)
NCT02071329 (P1/2)
NCT01701752 (P1)
NCT01677676 (P1)
NCT01265914 (P1)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Peptide-based
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None; unknown
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Studies
Unknown
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT02071329
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT02071329
: Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Immunogenicity of an Influenza A Vaccine (FP-01.1) in Healthy Volunteers Following Virus Challenge (Phase 1/2)
111 Adults (18 to 45 years)
London, United Kingdom
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
1/1/14
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
12/1/14
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
12/1/14
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT01701752
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT01701752
: Influenza A Vaccine (FP-01.1) Formulated With and Without Adjuvant, in the Presence or Absence of a Single Administration of a Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in Older Adults
120 Older Adults (65 to 74 years)
Unknown Location
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
9/1/12
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
4/1/13
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
4/1/13
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT01677676
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT01677676
: Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Two Different Formulations of an Influenza A Vaccine (FP-01.1)
48 Adults (18 to 55 years)
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
1/1/12
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
5/1/12
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
9/1/12
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT01265914
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT01265914
: A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Universal Influenza A Vaccine
49 Adults (18 to 55 years)
London, United Kingdom
Francis 2015 (PMID: 24928790)
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
8/1/10
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
8/1/11
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
3/1/11
Multimeric-001 (M-001)
Developer
BiondVax Pharmaceuticals (Israel)
Name
Multimeric-001 (M-001)
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
A single recombinant protein of 9 conserved M1, NP, and HA epitopes; aimed at inducing T cell responses and enhanced B-cell responses to circulating and novel strains.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Atmar 2023 (PMID: 36941155)
Phillipson 2019 (PMID: 35174313)
Lowell 2017 (PMID: 28065476)
Van Doorn 2017 (PMID: 28296763)
Astmon 2014 (PMID: 25173483)
Gottlieb 2014 (PMID: 25172355)
Astmon 2012 (PMID: 22318394)
NCT03450915 (P3)
NCT03058692 (P2)
NCT02691130 (P2b)
NCT02293317 (P2)
NCT01419925 (P2)
NCT01146119 (P2)
NCT01010737 (P1/2)
NCT00877448 (P1/2)
Press Release 10-23-2020
Developer website: Now known as Scinai Immunotherapeutics
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Recombinant proteins
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant protein
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Astmon 2012 (PMID: 22318394)
Preclinical Studies
Aged Mice: Proof of Concept; Mice: Model to examine human epitopes (
Atsmon 2012
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03450915
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT03450915
: A Pivotal Trial to Assess the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of the M-001 as a Standalone Universal Flu Vaccine
12,460 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older); half over 65 years
83 clinical trial sites in 7 countries in Eastern Europe
Phillipson 2019
Sponsor Press Release 10/23/2020
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/1/19
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
7/2/20
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
10/23/20
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03058692
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT03058692
: Two Doses of Multimeric-001 (M-001) Followed by Influenza Vaccine
120 Adults (18 to 49 years)
United States: Iowa, Ohio, Texas
Atmar 2023
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in both peer reviewed journal and registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
4/9/18
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
11/4/19
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
11/4/19
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT02691130
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT02691130
: Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of M-001 as A Standalone Influenza Vaccine and as A H5N1 Vaccine Primer in Adults. (Phase 2b)
224 Adults (18 to 60 years)
Budapest, Hungary
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 3 Study Start Date
11/1/15
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
10/1/16
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
1/1/17
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT02293317
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT02293317
: Phase II Study to Assess Safety & Immunogenicity of Multimeric-001 Influenza Vaccine, Followed by TIV (BVX006)
37 Adults and Older Adults (50 to 65 years)
Tel Aviv, Israel
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 4 Study Start Date
11/1/14
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
6/1/15
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
3/1/15
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT01419925
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT01419925
: A Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of M-001 Influenza Vaccine as a Primer to TIV in Elderly Volunteers
120 Older Adults (65 years and older)
Jerusalem, Israel
Lowell 2017
Astmond 2014
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 5 Study Start Date
8/1/11
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
1/1/12
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
1/1/12
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT01146119
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 6 Information
NCT01146119
: Further Investigation of an Intramuscular Influenza Vaccine (Multimeric-001)
200 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Israel: Jerusalem, Tel Aviv
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 6 Study Start Date
7/1/10
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
5/1/11
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
6/1/11
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT01010737
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 7 Information
NCT01010737
: A Double-Dose Safety Study of An Influenza Vaccine (Multimeric-001) Injected to Elderly Volunteers. (Phase 1/2)
60 Adults and Older Adults (55 to 75 years)
Tel Aviv, Israel
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 7 Study Start Date
9/1/09
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
3/1/10
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
3/1/10
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT00877448
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 8 Information
NCT00877448
: A Double-Dose Safety Study of An Influenza Vaccine (Multimeric-001). (Phase 1/2)
63 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Tel Aviv, Israel
Atsmon 2012
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in both peer reviewed journal and registry
Trial 8 Study Start Date
6/1/09
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
10/1/09
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
11/1/09
Platform
Virus-vectored
24
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
HAdV5-HNH
Developer
China CDC (China)
Name
HAdV5-HNH
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adenovirus type 5 based vector vaccine (HAdV5-HNH) carrying the conserved influenza antigens HA stem and NA
Key Sources
Li 2025 (PMID: 40145257)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Li 2025 (PMID: 40145257)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate mucosal immunity, systemic immunity, and protection induced by the HAdV5‐HNH vaccine using different immunization routes (
Li 2025
rAd/NP + rAd/HA-M2e
Developer
Ewha Womans University (Korea)
Name
rAd/NP + rAd/HA-M2e
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine that expresses influenza NP, HA, and M2e in a mixture of rAd/NP and rAd/HA-M2e administered intranasally or intramuscularly.
Key Sources
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38714444)
Kong 2023 (PMID: 37670808)
Chung 2021 (PMID: 34522441)
Kim 2019 (PMID: 30639307)
Lee 2019 (PMID: 30775351)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38714444)
Kong 2023 (PMID: 37670808)
Chung 2021 (PMID: 34522441)
Kim 2019 (PMID: 30639307)
Lee 2019 (PMID: 30775351)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate cross-protective efficacy and safety and measured the minimum dose that could be used in vaccination regimens (
Kim 2024
Mice: evaluate efficacy of “prime-and-deploy” strategy which establishes CD8 T
RM
cell formation in the lungs via i.n. administration of a rAd vector expressing no antigen (rAd/mock) after i.m. immunization of rAd/NP (
Kong 2023
Mice: evaluate efficacy of 'primed' vaccine approach (
Chung 2021
Mice: evaluate immunization route; evaluate efficacy; identify epitope in the NP to determine specific T-cell responses (
Kim 2019
Mice: examine efficacy, antibody responses, CTL responses, and morbidity/mortality after challenge were measured (
Lee 2019
rMVA-k1-k2
Developer
Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Russia)
Name
rMVA-k1-k2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Epitope-based vaccine against influenza based on modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector and using an algorithm to select epitopes from conserved fragments of the NP, M1 and HA proteins of influenza A and B
Key Sources
Mintaev 2022 (PMID: 35455283)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
MVA-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Mintaev 2022 (PMID: 35455283)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Mintaev 2022)
A/NP+M2-rAd
Developer
Food and Drug Administration (US)
Name
A/NP+M2-rAd
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus-5 (rAd) vectors expressing conserved antigens NP and M2.
Key Sources
Misplon 2023 (PMID: 37830821)
Price 2022 (PMID: 35638848)
Lo 2021 (PMID: 34226103)
Dhakal 2021 (PMID: 33627390)
Rowell 2019 (PMID: 30986224)
Rowell 2018 (PMID: 29249542)
Price 2018 (PMID: 30037481)
Soboleski 2011 (PMID: 21789196)
Price 2010 (PMID: 20976273)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Misplon 2023 (PMID: 37830821)
Price 2022 (PMID: 35638848)
Lo 2021 (PMID: 34226103)
Dhakal 2021 (PMID: 33627390)
Rowell 2019 (PMID: 30986224)
Rowell 2018 (PMID: 29249542)
Price 2018 (PMID: 30037481)
Soboleski 2011 (PMID: 21789196)
Price 2010 (PMID: 20976273)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy and immunogenicity (
Misplon 2023
Mice: Evaluate mechanism and features of reduction in transmission (
Price 2022
Mice: evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Lo 2021
Mice: Evaluate effects of vaccine on pulmonary functions (
Dhakal 2021
Mice: evaluate impact of prior influenza infection on vaccine performance; examine effect of RSV-A2 and RV1B on performance (
Rowell 2019
Mice: Evaluate efficacy with diverse prior histories (
Rowell 2018
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and immunization route (
Price 2018
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Soboleski 2011
Mice: Evaluate immunization route and efficacy (
Price 2010
Ad-Hex
Developer
Fudan University (China)
Tianjin Medical University (China)
Name
Ad-Hex
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A pan-influenza vaccine comprising three chimpanzee adenoviral vectors (Ad-H1H3, Ad-BYBV, and Ad-H5H7), each encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) genes from two distinct influenza virus subtypes/lineages in the △E1 region
Key Sources
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41501378)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Antigen(s)
HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41501378)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Wang 2026
AdC-Flu-Tet
Developer
Fudan University (China)
Name
AdC-Flu-Tet
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
The HA genes of influenza B Yamagata (BY) and Victoria (BV) strains, and the NP gene of H1N1 cloned into the E1 region of the chimpanzee adenoviral vector, AdC68, and M2e epitopes of H1N1 and H3N2 were fused to the loop region of the AdC68 fiber, resulting in the recombinant adenoviral vector vaccine, AdC-Flu-Tet
Key Sources
Niu 2025 (PMID: 40023902)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Niu 2025 (PMID: 40023902)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Niu 2025
MVA-NP
Developer
German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) (Germany)
Name
MVA-NP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant MVA candidate vaccines that deliver the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV under the transcriptional control of five newly designed chimeric poxviral promoters to further increase the immunogenic properties of the recombinant viruses (MVA-NP)
Key Sources
Langenmayer 2023 (PMID: 37513714)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Langenmayer 2023 (PMID: 37513714)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective capacity of MVA vector vaccines (
Langenmayer 2023
Ad-5-H1
Developer
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
University of Maryland (US)
Name
Ad-5-H1
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vector, encoding a secreted form of H1 HA, aimed at eliciting cross-reactive stalk-mediated cellular and humoral immunity and protection.
Key Sources
Bliss 2022 (PMID: 34999208)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bliss 2022 (PMID: 34999208)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate ability to elicit cross-reactive, stalk-mediated cellular and humoral immunity and protection following a single-shot (
Bliss 2022
rAd-NP-M2e-GFP
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
rAd-NP-M2e-GFP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Packaged recombinant adenovirus rAd-NP-M2e-GFP expressing multiple copies of influenza virus conserved antigens NP and M2e and packaged empty vector adenovirus rAd-GFP
Key Sources
Lian 2024 (PMID: 38394888)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lian 2024 (PMID: 38394888)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Lian 2024
rAd5-GFP-RBS
Developer
Jilin University (China)
Name
rAd5-GFP-RBS
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adenoviral vector-based influenza vaccine (rAd5-GFP-RBS) encoding a receptor-binding site (RBS)-focused HA antigen
Key Sources
Liu 2026 (PMID: 41713625)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Antigen(s)
Receptor binding site of HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Liu 2026 (PMID: 41713625)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Liu 2026
CyCMV/Flu
Developer
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Name
CyCMV/Flu
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccine (CyCMV)  expressing conserved internal influenza antigens (M1, NP, and PB1), aimed at inducing lung-resident influenza-specific CD4+ T cells to provide long-lived heterosubtypic protection.
Key Sources
Malouli 2024 (PMID: 39030218)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Malouli 2024 (PMID: 39030218)
Preclinical Studies
Cynomolgus macaques: determine if lung-resident effector memory T cells induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccines expressing conserved internal influenza antigens could protect against lethal influenza challenge (
Malouli 2024
ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA2 and MVA-NPM1NA2
Developer
Pirbright Institute (UK)
Name
ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA2 and MVA-NPM1NA2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Aerosol immunization with viral vectored vaccines (ChAdOx2 and MVA) expressing matrix (M1) and nucleoprotein (NP)
Key Sources
Vatzia 2024 (PMID: 39397062)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Vatzia 2024 (PMID: 39397062)
Preclinical Studies
Pigs: Evaluate whether a single immunization with ChAdOx-NPM1NA2 would provide protection in pH1N1 pre-exposed pigs, and investigate whether both NP and M1 antigens are required for the observed protective effect (
Vatzia 2024
Ad vector-based vaccine with autophagy-inducing peptide
Developer
Purdue University (US)
Name
Ad vector-based vaccine with autophagy-inducing peptide
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine expressing a combination of antigens including HA signal peptide (SP), HA stem and the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5); or expressing NP of influenza A (BAd-C5-NP/A) and B (BAd-C5-NP/B) viruses linked to AIP-C5; aimed at enhancing immune responses and cross-protection.
Key Sources
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40635672)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39852874)
Sayedahmed 2024 (PMID: 38400140)
Sayedahmed 2020 (PMID: 33019589)
Hassan 2017 (PMID: 29023601)
Patent: Methods and Compositions for Vaccination Against Heterosubtypic Influen…
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40635672)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39852874)
Sayedahmed 2024 (PMID: 38400140)
Hassan 2017 (PMID: 29023601)
News story 3-8-2024
Grant Summary
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of the BAd Bivalent vaccine formulation expressing C5-NP/A and C5-NP/B (
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40635672)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of various antigen combinations (
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39852874)
Mice: Investigate whether the inclusion of the C5-AIP with the H7N9 NP gene significantly enhances T cell immune responses and broadens the protective efficacy of an Ad vector-based universal influenza vaccine candidate (
Sayedahmed 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Hassan 2017
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Grant Summary
rAAV-COBRA
Developer
St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (US)
Name
rAAV-COBRA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant adenovirus-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA)-derived influenza H1 hemagglutinin (HA) with modestly enriched CpG motifs to evoke a robust and long-lasting immune response
Key Sources
Wiggins 2024 (PMID: 39078191)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Wiggins 2024 (PMID: 39078191)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity (
Wiggins 2024
srVSV-N1/N2
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
srVSV-N1/N2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A semi-replicating vesicular stomatitis virus (srVSV) vector-based platform combined with the glycoprotein (*G*) gene deleted (rVSVΔG) and another with the *L* gene deleted (rVSVΔL), encoding N1 or N2 to generate monovalent (srVSV-N1) and bivalent (srVSV-N1/N2) formulations, administered intranasally in a two-dose regimen (low-dose priming and high-dose boost).
Key Sources
Ye 2026 (PMID: 41985745)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Antigen(s)
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Ye 2026 (PMID: 41985745)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate
in vivo
dissemination, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy (
Ye 2026
AdC68-cHAs
Developer
Tianjin Medical University (China)
Fudan University (China)
Name
AdC68-cHAs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Novel cHAs comprising two or three fuzed head domains from different subtypes grafted onto one stalk domain, designated as cH1-H3, cH1-H7, cH1-H3-H7, and cH1-H7-H3
Key Sources
Zhou 2024 (PMID: 38044872)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhou 2024 (PMID: 38044872)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Zhou 2024
Wyeth/IL-15/5flu
Developer
University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)
Name
Wyeth/IL-15/5flu
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Live, replication competent vaccinia Wyeth Backbone carrying 5 full-length influenza proteins derived from H5N1 viruses (NP, HA NA, M1, and M2) and IL-15 as a molecular adjuvant; aimed at eliciting robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Key Sources
Bull 2023 (PMID: 36401824)
Bull 2022 (PMID: 35385318)
Valkenburg 2018 (PMID: 29887326)
Valkenburg 2014 (PMID: 24706798)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
IL-15
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bull 2023 (PMID: 36401824)
Bull 2022 (PMID: 35385318)
Valkenburg 2018 (PMID: 29887326)
Valkenburg 2014 (PMID: 24706798)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Determine early cytokine impact of HA mismatch during infection (
Bull 2023
Mice: Evaluate efficacy (
Bull 2022
Mice: Evaluate mechanisms of T cell protection and the universality of the vaccine (
Valkenburg 2018
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy; evaluate immunogenicity; evaluate vaccine efficacy (
Valkenburg 2014
MAV-1 HA
Developer
University of Liège (Belgium)
Name
MAV-1 HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant mouse adenovirus (AdV) type 1 (MAV-1) expressing the HA of PR8, administered orally
Key Sources
Goffin 2023 (PMID: 37338377)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Oral
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Goffin 2023 (PMID: 37338377)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity (
Goffin 2023
rVSV-EΔM-tM2e
Developer
University of Manitoba (Canada)
Name
rVSV-EΔM-tM2e
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
rVSV-based vaccine candidates expressing the ectodomain of influenza matrix protein (M2e) and/or conserved hemagglutinin stalk regions (HA stalk) fused with the DC-targeting domain of EboGP (E1M) to generate E1M-tM2e or E1M-HM2e, which is UV-inactivated.
Note: Preclinical development of a combined rVSV-based bivalent influenza/SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is underway
Ao 2022 (PMID: 36069551)
Press Release 9-15-2022
Key Sources
Olukitibi 2024 (PMID: 38812326)
Olukitibi 2022 (PMID: 36003947)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Olukitibi 2024 (PMID: 38812326)
Olukitibi 2022 (PMID: 36003947)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective effifacy of UV-inactivated rVSV-E∆M-tM2e (
Olukitibi 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Olukitibi 2022
Adenovirus (Ad)-vectored centralized consensus vaccines
Developer
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Name
Adenovirus (Ad)-vectored centralized consensus vaccines
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adenoviral (Ad)-vectored vaccines encoding a centralized consensus (CC) sequence such as neuraminidase (NA) type 1 (N1CC) or H5 hemagglutinin (H5CC)
Key Sources
Madapong 2025 (PMID: 41012131)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40333263)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Madapong 2025 (PMID: 41012131)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40333263)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Ad-H5CC vaccine (
Madapong 2025
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of HAdV5-N1CC vaccine (
Pekarek 2025
Epigraph HA
Developer
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Name
Epigraph HA
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Vaccine designed using the Epigraph vaccine antigen designer, which uses a graph-based algorithm to create vaccine antigens with maximized potential epitope coverage of a highly diverse sequence population. For example, a universal swH3 vaccine by computationally designing a cocktail of three swH3 hemagglutinins (HA), or immunogens designed against the HA protein of IBV (IBV-Epi), or multivalent viral-vectored vaccine (rAd-Tri-Vic) targeting IBV.
Key Sources
Petro-Turnquist 2025 (PMID: 40301303)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40004004)
Petro-Turnquist 2024 (PMID: 38392835)
Bullard 2022 (PMID: 35739199)
Patent: Methods of Making and Using Universal Centralized Influenza Vaccine Gen…
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Petro-Turnquist 2025 (PMID: 40301303)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40004004)
Petro-Turnquist 2024 (PMID: 38392835)
Bullard 2022 (PMID: 35739199)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Pigs: Assess cross-protective immunity against infection and duration of immunity (
Petro-Turnquist 2025
Mice: evaluate protective immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Pekarek 2025
Mice: evaluate protective efficacy (
Petro-Turnquist 2024
Mice and Ferrets: evaluate immunity and protection (
Bullard 2022
H2-CON
Developer
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Name
H2-CON
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adenoviral-vectored centralized consensus HA construct against H2 influenza A virus, designed to induce broadly protective antibody titers when delivered in a prime-boost strategy first by Ad6 and followed with Ad5.
Key Sources
Petro-Turnquist 2022 (PMID: 35746534)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Petro-Turnquist 2022 (PMID: 35746534)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Petro-Turnquist 2022)
Ad-HA2
Developer
University of Ottawa (Canada)
Name
Ad-HA2
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An intranasal adenoviral vector (Ad-HA2) vaccine expressing a consensus HA stem sequence, derived through bioinformatic analysis of all H3 strains, aimed at inducing HA2-specific humoral and cell-mediated responses against group 2 influenza A viruses.
Key Sources
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41015121)
Gravel 2021 (PMID: 34805790)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
TLR agonist
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41015121)
Gravel 2021 (PMID: 34805790)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhang 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Gravel 2021
rMVA-PE
Developer
University of Veterinary Medicine (Germany)
Name
rMVA-PE
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An artificial immunogen that comprises of twenty highly conserved influenza virus CD8 +T cell epitopes delivered using the highly attenuated viral vector Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)
Key Sources
Dam 2025 (PMID: 40148547)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
MVA-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Dam 2025 (PMID: 40148547)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Dam 2025
ChAdOx1 NP+M1 and MVA NP+M1 in heterologous prime-boost regimens
Developer
Jenner Institute, University of Oxford (UK)
Name
ChAdOx1 NP+M1 and MVA NP+M1 in heterologous prime-boost regimens
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Two-dose heterologous viral vectored constructs: modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and the chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx2 expressing conserved influenza virus antigens, nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein-1 (M1); aimed at stimulating T-cell responses to influenza virus.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Vatzia 2023 (PMID: 36792640)
Folegatti 2022 (PMID: 35715352)
Vatzia 2021 (PMID: 34804053)
Coughlan 2018 (PMID: 29519670)
Tully 2017 (PMID: 28724579)
Antrobus 2014 (PMID: 24374965)
Lambe 2013 (PMID: 23485942)
NCT01818362 (P1)
NCT01623518 (P1)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Vatzia 2023 (PMID: 36792640)
Vatzia 2021 (PMID: 34804053)
Tully 2017 (PMID: 28724579)
Lambe 2013 (PMID: 23485942)
Preclinical Studies
Pigs: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of prime boost with ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA2 and MVA-NPM1-NA2 administered intramuscular, intranasal, or aerosol routes (
Vatzia 2023
Pigs: Determine how to deliver vaccine for the optimal immune response (
Vatzia 2021
Mice: Evaluate efficacy (
Tully 2017
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Lambe 2013
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT01818362
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT01818362
: A Phase I Study of Candidate Influenza Vaccines MVA-NP+M1 and ChAdOx1 NP+M1
72 Adults (18 to 50 years)
3 UK study locations: Oxford, Guildford and Southampton
Coughlan 2018
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
4/1/13
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
11/1/15
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
11/1/15
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT01623518
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT01623518
: A Phase I Study to Determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Candidate Influenza Vaccine ChAdOx1-NP+M1
15 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Oxford, United Kingdom
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
6/1/12
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
3/1/13
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
3/1/13
Ad4-H5-VTN
Developer
NIAID (US)
Name
Ad4-H5-VTN
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Replication-competent adenovirus type 4 encoding influenza virus H5 HA (Ad4-H5-Vtn) administered as an oral capsule or via tonsillar swab or nasal spray, as a potential platform for inducing durable and systemic mucosal immunity against influenza glycoproteins.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Matsuda 2021 (PMID: 33529172)
Alexander 2012 (PMID: 22363572)
Press Release 2-19-2021
NCT01443936 (P1)
NCT01806909 (P1)
Developer website: NIAID
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Alexander 2012 (PMID: 22363572)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate safety, immunogenicity and efficacy (
Alexander 2012
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT01443936
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT01443936
: Experimental AD4-H5-VTN Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers
96 Adults (19 to 49 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Matsuda 2021
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/14/11
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
4/24/18
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
4/24/19
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT01806909
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT01806909
: Intranasal AD4-H5-VTN as an Adenovirus Vaccine
51 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Bethesda, Maryland
Matsuda 2021
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 2 Study Start Date
3/6/13
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
1/9/18
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
4/22/19
VXA-A1.1 oral tablet
Developer
Vaxart (US)
Name
VXA-A1.1 oral tablet
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Replication-defective adenovirus type-5 vectored construct that expresses HA; includes a novel toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3 ligand) agonist as an adjuvant; administered orally in tablets designed to release the virus in the ileum, with the potential to stimulate cellular and mucosal immunity and serum antibody.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Braun 2023 (PMID: 37562075)
Flitter 2022 (PMID: 35455342)
McIlwain 2021 (PMID: 34784508)
Rudenko 2020 (PMID: 31978351)
Liebowitz 2020 (PMID: 31978354)
Kolhatkar 2018 (PMCID: PMC6253129)
Scallan 2016 (PMID: 27071663)
Kim 2016 (PMID: 27881837)
Liebowitz 2015 (PMID: 26333337)
Peters 2013 (PMID: 23357198)
NCT02918006 (P2)
NCT03121339 (P1)
NCT02547792 (P1)
NCT01688297 (P1)
NCT01335347 (P1)
Vaxart Presentation Feb 2026
Vaxart Investor Presentation Jan 2026
Vaxart Investor Presentation Jul 2025
Vaxart Investor Presentation Nov 2023
News Story 9-4-2024
Press Release 1-22-2020
Press Release 7-9-2019
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Mucosal
Adjuvant
TLR3
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Scallan 2016 (PMID: 27071663)
Preclinical Studies
Evaluate efficacy of mono-, bi-, tri- and quadrivalent vaccine combinations (
Scallan 2016
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT02918006
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT02918006
: A Phase 2 Influenza A Challenge Study Following Oral Administration of an H1N1 HA Ad-Vector Seasonal Flu Vaccine
Formulation: VXA-A1.1 oral vaccine
179 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Costal Mesa, California
Poster (Kolhatkar 2018)
Press Release 1/22/2020
Liebowitz 2020
McIlwain 2021
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
8/31/16
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
8/8/17
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
1/19/18
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03121339
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 2 Information
NCT03121339
: Pharmacodynamic Open-Label Trial With VXA-A1.1 Oral H1 Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VXA-A1.1 H1 Tablet
8 Adult Males (18 to 49 years)
Lexington, Kentucky
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 2 Study Start Date
3/31/17
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/5/17
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
4/3/18
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT02547792
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 3 Information
NCT02547792
: Assessment of an Oral Influenza B Vaccine Tablet (VXA-BYW.10) Following Single Dose Administration in Healthy Adults
Formulation: VXA-BYW.10
54 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Christchurch, New Zealand
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet posted
Trial 3 Study Start Date
10/20/15
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
11/21/16
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
11/21/16
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT01688297
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 4 Information
NCT01688297
: Safety Study of an Oral Vaccine to Prevent Seasonal Influenza
Formulation: VXA-A1.1 Oral Vaccine (Ad-HA-dsRNA (VXA-A1.1))
61 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Cypress, California
Peer-reviewed publication:
Liebowitz 2015
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
9/1/12
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
4/1/15
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
5/1/14
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT01335347
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT01335347
: Safety Study of an Oral Vaccine to Prevent Avian Influenza (H5N1)
Formulation: ND1.1 (Ad-HA-dsRNA)
54 Adults (18 to 49 years)
San Diego, California
Peer-reviewed publication:
Peters 2013
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 5 Study Start Date
4/1/11
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
8/1/12
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
9/1/12
NasoVAX
Developer
Altimmune (US)
Name
NasoVAX
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 construct designed to express influenza HA (H1) in nasal epithelial cells; administered as a nasal spray.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Tasker 2021 (PMID: 33807649)
Tasker 2018 (PMCID: PMC6253025)
Zhang 2011 (PMID: 21818346)
NCT03760549 (Observational)
NCT03232567 (P2a)
News Release 3-20-2019
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Ad-vectored
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2011 (PMID: 21818346)
Preclinical Studies
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate protective efficacy and immunogenicity (
Zhang 2011
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03760549
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Information
NCT03760549
: Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of NasoVAX Extension. (Observational study)
8 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Rockville, Maryland
Oral Abstract
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
1/21/19
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
2/18/19
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
2/18/19
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03232567
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT03232567
: Single-ascending-dose Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of NasoVAX. (Phase 2a)
60 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Rockville, Maryland
Tasker 2021
Press Release
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry, Interim results reported, Results published in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 2 Study Start Date
9/18/17
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
3/7/18
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/15/18
MVA-NP+M1 (VTP-100)
Developer
Barinthus Biotherapeutics (UK)
Name
MVA-NP+M1 (VTP-100)
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)–vectored construct expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and M1 protein (MVA-NP+M1); targets T cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix 1 core proteins of the influenza virus; co-administered with licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine.
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Evans 2024 (PMID: 38729196)
Evans 2022 (PMID: 35305317)
Valkenburg 2022 (PMID: 35305315)
Butler 2021 (PMID: 34451976)
Puksuriwong 2020 (PMID: 31740938)
Swayze 2019 (PMID: 32089822)
Folegatti 2019 (PMID: 30909516)
Mullin 2016 (PMID: 26902548)
Antrobus 2014 (PMID: 23831594)
Mullarkey 2013 (PMID: 23589155)
Powell 2013 (PMID: 23658773)
Lillie 2012 (PMID: 22441650)
Antrobus 2012 (PMID: 23118984)
Berthoud 2011 (PMID: 21148512)
Press Release 1-31-2020
Press Release 11-25-2019
NCT03883113 (P2)
NCT03880474 (P2b- Terminated)
NCT03300362 (P2b- Terminated)
NCT00993083 (P2a)
NCT03277456 (P1)
NCT02014168 (P1- Terminated)
NCT01465035 (P1)
NCT00942071 (P1)
Developer website: formerly known as Vaccitech
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-vectored
Vaccine Platform
Viral vector
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Mullarkey 2013 (PMID: 23589155)
Preclinical Studies
Mice, chickens and pigs: evaluate use of candidate as adjuvant (
Mullarkey 2013
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03883113
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT03883113
: Efficacy of MVA-NP+M1 in the Influenza H3N2 Human Challenge Model
145 Adults (18 to 55 years)
Antwerp, Belgium
Press Release
Evans 2024
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Interim results reported, results reported in registry, results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 1 Study Start Date
5/3/19
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
12/16/19
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
4/17/20
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03880474
Trial 2 Status
Terminated
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 2 Information
NCT03880474
: Efficacy of Candidate Influenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in Adults. (Phase 2b)
2364 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
9 Australian study locations
Press Release
Evans 2022
Valkenburg 2022
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Interim results posted, results posted in registry, results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 2 Study Start Date
3/18/19
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
10/15/19
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
1/21/20
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT03300362
Trial 3 Status
Withdrawn
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 3 Information
NCT03300362
: Improved Novel VaccIne CombinaTion InflUenza Study (INVICTUS). (Phase 2b)
862 Older Adults (65 years and older)
5 UK study locations: Bicester, Oxford, Pangbourne, Witney, Wokingham
Butler 2021
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 3 Study Start Date
10/13/17
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
10/31/18
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
10/31/18
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT00993083
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT00993083
: A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of a New Influenza Candidate Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 In Healthy Adults. (Phase 2a)
27 Adults (18 to 45 years)
2 UK study locations: Southampton, Oxford
Powell 2013
Lillie 2012
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 4 Study Start Date
6/1/09
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
3/1/10
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
3/1/10
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT03277456
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 5 Information
NCT03277456
: A Study to Determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Candidate Influenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1
6 Adults (18 to 50 years)
Oxford, United Kingdom
Folegatti 2019
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 5 Study Start Date
9/18/17
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
11/2/17
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
11/2/17
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT02014168
Trial 6 Status
Withdrawn
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 6 Information
NCT02014168
: Safety and Immunogenicity of Co-administration of Candidate Influenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 and Viroflu® Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
3 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
Oxford, United Kingdom
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 6 Study Start Date
1/1/14
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
4/1/14
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
4/1/14
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT01465035
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 7 Information
NCT01465035
: A Study to Determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of Co-administration of the Candidate Influenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
24 Adults and Older Adults (50 years and older)
Oxford, United Kingdom
Antrobus 2014
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 7 Study Start Date
10/1/11
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
11/1/12
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
11/1/12
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT00942071
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 8 Information
NCT00942071
: A Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of a New Influenza Vaccine Candidate MVA-NP+M1 in Healthy Adults
58 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
Oxford, United Kingdom
Antrobus 2012
Berthoud 2011
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 8 Study Start Date
8/1/08
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
11/1/12
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
11/1/12
Platform
Virus-like particles (VLP)
23
Vaccines
in
Preclinical
Vaccines
in
Phase 1
Vaccines
in
Phase 2
Vaccines
in
Phase 3
Vaccines
in
Approved
NA2 VLP
Developer
Auburn University (US)
Emory-UGA CEIRS (US)
Name
NA2 VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Vaccine containing the NA protein from A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) and the matrix 1 (M1) protein from A/MI/73/2015, formulated with a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant
Key Sources
Pliasas 2022 (PMID: 35874791)
Menne 2021 (PMID: 34375782)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Water-in-oil-in-water
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Pliasas 2022 (PMID: 35874791)
Menne 2021 (PMID: 34375782)
Preclinical Studies
Pigs: evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity (
Pliasas 2022
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Menne 2021
HBc VLPs
Developer
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Name
HBc VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Biomimetic dual-antigen hybrid nanovaccine VLP construct with interior NP and exterior M2e antigens, using a hepatitis B virus core (HBc) VLP; aimed at inducing a cross-protective immune response.
Key Sources
Sheng 2024 (PMID: 38382812)
Sheng 2023 (PMID: 37391312)
Wei 2020 (PMID: 32713681)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Sheng 2024 (PMID: 38382812)
Sheng 2023 (PMID: 37391312)
Wei 2020 (PMID: 32713681)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of co-delivery of immunostimulant and antigens (
Sheng 2024
Mice: evaluate the effect of the position of the Spy Tag/Catcher system in the VLP chassis on the stability and immunogenicity of synthetic vaccine (
Sheng 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy (
Wei 2020
COBRA-VLP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of Georgia (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
Name
COBRA-VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
VLP constructs expressing COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) for HA or NA (specifically N2 NA); aimed at eliciting high-titer broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to multiple HA epitopes on antigenically distinct influenza viruses.
Key Sources
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39291424)
Ge 2024 (PMID: 39079813)
Nagashima 2024 (PMID: 38810648)
Carlock 2023 (PMID: 37741893)
Ge 2023 (PMID: 36680243)
Moise 2022 (PMID: 35704783)
Nunez 2021 (PMID: 34832509)
Allen 2021 (PMID: 34475872)
Reneer 2021 (PMID: 33692193)
Allen 2021 (PMID: 33654128)
Reneer 2020 (PMID: 33115871)
Huang 2020 (PMID: 31852790)
Nunez 2020 (PMID: 31733946)
Sautto 2020 (PMID: 31811019)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30905528)
Skarlupka 2019 (PMID: 31448974)
Bar-Peled 2019 (PMID: 31481254)
Allen 2017 (PMID: 28789850)
Wong 2017 (PMID: 28978710)
Carter 2017 (PMID: 28978709)
Carter 2016 (PMID: 26912624)
Crevar 2015 (PMID: 25671661)
Giles 2012 (PMID: 22190399)
Giles 2011 (PMID: 21320540)
Press Release 9-20-2023
Press release 7-14-2022
Developer presentation 2023
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Infectimune Adjuvant; Aluminum salts: Imject
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39291424)
Ge 2024 (PMID: 39079813)
Carlock 2023 (PMID: 37741893)
Ge 2023 (PMID: 36680243)
Moise 2022 (PMID: 35704783)
Nunez 2021 (PMID: 34832509)
Allen 2021 (PMID: 34475872)
Reneer 2021 (PMID: 33692193)
Reneer 2020 (PMID: 33115871)
Huang 2020 (PMID: 31852790)
Nunez 2020 (PMID: 31733946)
Sautto 2020 (PMID: 31811019)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30905528)
Skarlupka 2019 (PMID: 31448974)
Allen 2017 (PMID: 28789850)
Wong 2017 (PMID: 28978710)
Carter 2017 (PMID: 28978709)
Carter 2016 (PMID: 26912624)
Crevar 2015 (PMID: 25671661)
Giles 2012 (PMID: 22190399)
Giles 2011 (PMID: 21320540)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate the ability of COBRA N2 NA vaccines to elicit broadly protective murine anti-NA antibodies against multiple strains across subtypes and the protection against challenge of recent H3N2 influenza viruses in both naive and pre-immune mice (
Zhang 2024
Ferrets: evaluate how pre-existing immunity may strengthen and extend the homologous and heterologous vaccine responses (
Ge 2024
Ferrets: how the breath of pre-existing immune responses elicited by infection of influenza B viruses could shape subsequent vaccine-induced antibodies (
Carlock 2023
Mice: Determine effectiveness of adjuvant-formulated vaccine at eliciting broadly protective immune responses against pre-pandemic influenza virus challenge (
Ge 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy using novel immunogen, OPT1 (
Moise 2022
Mice: Evaluate efficacy against H5Nx viruses (
Nunez 2021
Ferrets: Evaluate role of pre-existing immunity on vaccine (
Allen 2021
Ferrets: Examine the effects that preexisting immunity to seasonal human influenza viruses have on the elicitation of broadly cross-reactive antibodies from heterologous vaccination (
Reneer 2021
Mice: Evaluate effectiveness of H2 COBRA HA antigens compared to wild-type H2 HA antigens (
Reneer 2020
Mice: Evaluate the effect of glycosylation on the elicitation of broadly-reactive antibodies against H1N1 strains (
Huang 2020
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and determine which epitopes are responsible for eliciting broadly protective antibodies against heterologous clades of viruses (
Nunez 2020
Mice: Evaluate mechanism(s) of breadth conferred by a COBRA HA-based vaccine (
Sautto 2020
Chickens: evaluate immunogenicity (
Ross 2019
Mice: assess the ability of a set of H1 COBRA HA vaccines to elicit protective antibodies with HAI activity against both human and swine H1 influenza viruses (
Skarlupka 2019
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity with emulsion-based adjuvant (
Allen 2017
Mice and Ferrets: Determine specific HAI antibody response; evaluate ability of elicited antibody response to block live virus infection (
Wong 2017
Ferrets: evaluate efficacy with preexisting immune status, assess the enhancement of stem-specific antibody titers (
Carter 2017
Mice: determine protective efficacy and breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies and efficacy of cocktail mixtures (
Carter 2016
Mice: evaluate protective efficacy of three different H5N1 COBRA vaccines; expand the breadth of antibody recognition; to stimulate the broadest breadth of HAI activity against each of the vaccines (
Crevar 2015
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacies of two strategies (
Giles 2012
Mice and Ferrets: Evaluate protective efficacy and immunogenicity (
Giles 2011
Inverted HA (VLP-HAinv)
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Name
Inverted HA (VLP-HA
inv
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A VLP nanoparticle that displays multiple copies of an antigen binding fragment (Fab) which recognizes the apex of the HA head causing the subsequent binding of HA to result in its presentation in an inverted orientation.
Key Sources
Biswas 2025 (PMID: 41184296)
Frey 2023 (PMID: 36689343)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
AddaVax
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Biswas 2025 (PMID: 41184296)
Frey 2023 (PMID: 36689343)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Assess protective efficacy of VLP-HA
inv
Biswas 2025
Mice: Evaluate efficacy of inverting HA (
Frey 2023
PR8HA-VLP
Developer
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
University of Wisconsin (US)
Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Name
PR8HA-VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
VLP-based vaccine presenting multiple copies of the HA from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8HA-VLP)
Key Sources
Chiba 2024 (PMID: 39553436)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None, AddaVax, Quil-A, or poly(I:C)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chiba 2024 (PMID: 39553436)
Preclinical Studies
Ferrets: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Chiba 2024
Hybrid fusion protein combination vaccine
Developer
Emory University (US)
Georgia State University (US)
Name
Hybrid fusion protein combination vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Combination influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) VLP vaccine that uses influenza virus-like particles (VLP) incorporated by protein transfer with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored SARS-CoV-2 RBD fused to GM-CSF as an adjuvant
Key Sources
Bommireddy 2022 (PMID: 35746552)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Cytokine adjuvants
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Bommireddy 2022 (PMID: 35746552)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy and immunogenicity (
Bommireddy 2022
HA-VLP-Cyt
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
HA-VLP-Cyt
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Cytokine-adjuvanted influenza hemagglutinin virus-like particles (HA-VLP) vaccine aimed at inducing cellular and humoral immunity
Key Sources
Park 2023 (PMID: 37170231)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Cytokine adjuvants
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Park 2023 (PMID: 37170231)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: determine whether membrane cytokine incorporated influenza HA-VLP vaccines enhances protective humoral and cellular immunity and compare the immune responses to unmodified HA-VLPs (
Park 2023
NA-M2e VLP
Developer
Georgia State University (US)
Name
NA-M2e VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A virus-like particle vaccine containing multi-subtype NA and M2e repeat (NA-M2e) combined with inactivated split seasonal influenza vaccine, aimed at enhancing immunity against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses.
(Formerly: m-cNA-M2e VLP)
Key Sources
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40339180)
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40139072)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Raha 2024 (PMID: 38561077)
Feranmi 2022 (PMID: 36252577)
Kim 2022 (PMID: 36006890)
Press release 8-25-2022
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40339180)
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40139072)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Raha 2024 (PMID: 38561077)
Kim 2022 (PMID: 36006890)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy of broad cross-protection after two doses of intranasal delivery compared to intramuscular injection (
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40339180)
Mice: investigated the impact of the split + NA-M2e vaccination on regulating innate and adaptive immune responses (
Raha 2025
(PMID: 40139072))
Ferrets: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Kim 2024
Mice: Comparison with seasonal vaccine for the immunologic benefits or weaknesses of NA-M2e vaccination (
Raha 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Kim 2022
Cap-Cat VLPs
Developer
Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China)
Zhengzhou University (China)
Name
Cap-Cat VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
A generalized nanoantigen display platform, Cap-Cat virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying antigens such as M2e; aimed at providing cross-protection against diverse subtypes of influenza A virus strains.
Formerly: Cap-M2e VLP
Key Sources
Chen 2024 (PMID: 39387806)
Ding 2024 (PMID: 38220319)
Ding 2021 (PMID: 33485888)
Ding 2019 (PMID: 31267679)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
Carbomer
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Chen 2024 (PMID: 39387806)
Ding 2024 (PMID: 38220319)
Ding 2019 (PMID: 31267679)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Chen 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Ding 2024
Mice and pigs: Evaluate immune response and performance after challenge with influenza viruses (
Ding 2019
NPmut-3M2e-T4 VLP
Developer
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Name
NP
mut
-3M2e-T4 VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
T4 VLP construct displaying three tandem copies of M2e from human, swine and avian influenza; aimed at inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses.
Formerly: T4-M2e VLP
Key Sources
Guo 2026 (PMID: 41850463)
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
Li 2021 (PMID: 34712234)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Antigen(s)
M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Guo 2026 (PMID: 41850463)
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
Li 2021 (PMID: 34712234)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Guo 2026
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy (
Li 2023
Mice: Proof of concept (
Li 2021
cVLPs
Developer
Jiaxing University (China)
Name
cVLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
The conserved stalk domain and 4M2e co-anchored to the surface particles to generate chimeric influenza VLPs aimed at inducing humoral and mucosal immune responses.
Key Sources
Shi 2023 (PMID: 36849974)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Shi 2023 (PMID: 36849974)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immune protection and immunogenicity (
Shi 2023
NA-VLPs
Developer
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thailand)
Name
NA-VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant NA protein synthesized and assembled into VLPs, aimed at inducing anti-NA antibodies
Key Sources
Khanefard 2022 (PMID: 35704162)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Alhydrogel
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Khanefard 2022 (PMID: 35704162)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Khanefard 2022
H1H3 VLPs
Developer
Kyung Hee University (S Korea)
Name
H1H3 VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Influenza VLPs co-expressing only IAV-derived hemagglutinin (HA) antigens H1 and  H3, aimed at conferring cross-protection against IBVs
(Formerly: H3N1M2e5x VLP)
Key Sources
Mao 2025 (PMID: 40230200)
Mao 2025 (PMID: 39551038)
Mao 2024 (PMID: 38390688)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35216022)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35884922)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Mao 2025 (PMID: 40230200)
Mao 2025 (PMID: 39551038)
Mao 2024 (PMID: 38390688)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35216022)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35884922)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VLPs co-expressing only H1 and H3 antigens(
Mao 2025 (PMID: 40230200)
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy of 2020/2021 seasonal influenza H3N1 VLPs that co-expressed either M2e5x (H3N1M2e5x) or N2 (H3N1N2 VLP) antigens (
Mao 2025 (PMID: 39551038)
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy of VLPs expressing the H1 and H3 antigens with or without M2e5x (
Mao 2024
Mice: Evaluate heterosubtypic cross-protection against avian and human influenza viruses elicited by these VLPs expressing zero to three different NA subtypes (
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35216022)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of six VLPs expressing HA, NA, or both (
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35884922))
N1 VLPs
Developer
Kyung Hee University (S Korea)
Name
N1 VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the N1 antigen of influenza A(H1N1) virus, observed to confer heterologous protection against influenza B/Victoria challenge in preclinical studies.
Key Sources
Eom 2026 (PMID: 41923692)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Antigen(s)
NA
Delivery Mechanism
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Eom 2026 (PMID: 41923692)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Eom 2026
M2e VLP MP
Developer
Mercer University (US)
Name
M2e VLP MP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Adjuvanted M2e based VLP encapsulated into a micro particulate matrix
Key Sources
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37445784)
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 36146733)
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 35304243)
Braz Gomes 2021 (PMID: 34835255)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Transdermal
Adjuvant
Alhydrogel
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37445784)
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 36146733)
Braz Gomes 2021 (PMID: 34835255)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and proof-of-concept of M2e5x VLP encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (
Braz Gomes 2023
Mice: Evaluate whether immunogenicity is enhanced by the novel approach of combining VLP, polymeric microparticle, spray drying, and laser ablation technologies (
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 36146733)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity of various M2e VLP vaccine formulations administered transdermally (
Braz Gomes 2021
Quadrivalent VLPs
Developer
National Health Research Institutes (Taiwan)
Name
Quadrivalent VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An insect cell-based baculovirus expression system used to generate rBVs bearing influenza HA, NA, and M1 genes from four seasonal influenza vaccine strains which are used to produce insect cell-based VLPs as quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine candidates
Key Sources
Badruzzaman 2024 (PMID: 38932396)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Badruzzaman 2024 (PMID: 38932396)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Badruzzaman 2024
Chimeric cytokine HA-VLP vaccine
Developer
Nerome Institute of Biological Resources (Japan)
Name
Chimeric cytokine HA-VLP vaccine
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
VLPs containing a chimeric cytokine (CC) comprising the M2 protein, influenza A neuraminidase stalk
Key Sources
Imagawa 2023 (PMID: 37237374)
Nerome 2022 (PMID: 36344085)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intraperitoneal
Intranasal
Adjuvant
None; sesame oil adjuvant
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Imagawa 2023 (PMID: 37237374)
Nerome 2022 (PMID: 36344085)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate efficacy and different immunization routes (
Imagawa 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Nerome 2022
a-RIV
Developer
Patronus Biotech (China)
Name
a-RIV
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Trivalent recombinant influenza virus-like particle vaccine (a-RIV) based on AH1, AH3 and B/vic HA antigens developed using the baculovirus–insect cell expression system and formulated with an AS01-like adjuvant
Key Sources
Yu 2025 (PMID: 41295535)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Antigen(s)
Full-length HA
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
AS01
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Yu 2025 (PMID: 41295535)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity, durability, and cross-reactivity (
Yu 2025
Chimeric VLPs
Developer
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Name
Chimeric VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Chimeric VLPs based on capsid proteins (CPs) of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages Beihai32 and PQ465, simultaneously displaying four copies of the M2e peptide and HA stalk domain (HA2)
Key Sources
Vasyagin 2025 (PMID: 41295490)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Antigen(s)
M2e, HA2
Delivery Mechanism
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Vasyagin 2025 (PMID: 41295490)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Vasyagin 2025
Mosaic VLPs
Developer
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Name
Mosaic VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
An HA and NA mosaic immunogen cocktail containing a broad range of epitopes targeting both IAV and IBV expressed as virus-like particles (VLPs)
Key Sources
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39970593)
Liu 2023 (PMID: 37679361)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
IL-2 and chitosan; none
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39970593)
Liu 2023 (PMID: 37679361)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy (
Zhao 2025
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Liu 2023
SpyTagged noro-VLP
Developer
Tampere University (Finland)
Name
SpyTagged noro-VLP
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Uses a modular vaccine platform based on the noro-VLP, fused with highly conserved antigens, the ectodomain of M2e protein and a minimized stem-fragment of HA.
Key Sources
Lampinen 2023 (PMID: 37424789)
Heinimaki 2022 (PMID: 34894525)
Lampinen 2021 (PMID: 33468139)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Lampinen 2023 (PMID: 37424789)
Heinimaki 2022 (PMID: 34894525)
Lampinen 2021 (PMID: 33468139)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and compare SpyCatcher-mediated coupling and direct peptide fusion in experimental vaccination (
Lampinen 2023
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and the effect of SpyTag/SpyCatcher conjugation on NoV-specific immunity (
Heinimaki 2022
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity (
Lampinen 2021
cVLPs
Developer
University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Scripps Research Institute (US)
Name
cVLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
Recombinant vaccine antigens (HA
stem
or rNA) displayed on the surface of rigid capsid-based virus-like particles (cVLP).
(formerly: CLP-HA
stem
Key Sources
Kang 2024 (PMID: 38883830)
Thrane 2020 (PMID: 32679905)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Kang 2024 (PMID: 38883830)
Thrane 2020 (PMID: 32679905)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity of soluble rNA tetramers that were covalently coupled onto the surface of AP205 cVLPs by a Tag/Catcher bioconjugation system (
Kang 2024
Mice: evaluate improved immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy (
Thrane 2020
N2-VLPs
Developer
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) (Austria)
Name
N2-VLPs
Phase
Preclinical
Approach
VLPs generated in insect cells, that are based on self-assembly and budding of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gag protein, and display N2 NA on their surface
Key Sources
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 39197219)
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 38915410)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
None
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 39197219)
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 38915410)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate protective efficacy after modification of the HA:NA ratio of the vaccine preparation (
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 39197219)
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 38915410)
M2e VLP
Developer
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
VA Pharma (Russia)
Name
M2e VLP
Phase
Phase 1
Approach
Recombinant VLPs displaying multiple copies of M2e aimed at inducing M2e-antibody responses.
(Formerly: HBc-4M2eh (Uniflu))
Goal
Broadly Protective
Key Sources
Blokhina 2024 (PMID: 39599916)
Vasyagin 2024 (PMID: 39340063)
Mezhenskaya 2019 (PMID: 31629405)
Tsybalova 2015 (PMID: 25976545)
Ravin 2015 (PMID: 25937448)
Ravin 2012 (PMID: 22339631)
NCT03789539 (P1)
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
Recombinant subunit VLP
Antigen(s)
M2e
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Adjuvant
None; Deriant
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Blokhina 2024 (PMID: 39599916)
Vasyagin 2024 (PMID: 39340063)
Tsybalova 2015 (PMID: 25976545)
Ravin 2015 (PMID: 25937448)
Ravin 2012 (PMID: 22339631)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of M2e-bearing VLPs (
Blokhina 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of 4M2e-VLP following subcutaneous immunization(
Vasyagin 2024
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective properties of vaccine preparations (
Tsybalova 2015
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and protective activity (
Ravin 2015
Mice: Evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy (
Ravin 2012
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03789539
Trial 1 Status
Unknown
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 1
Trial 1 Information
NCT03789539
: Reactogenicity, Safety and Immunogenicity of an Universal Influenza Vaccine Uniflu
54 Adults (18 to 60 years)
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
6/2/18
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
12/2/18
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
12/31/18
Recombinant Trivalent VLP
Developer
Aramis Biotechnologies (Canada)
Name
Recombinant Trivalent VLP
Phase
Phase 2
Approach
Plant-based seasonal recombinant trivalent TVLP influenza vaccine
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
NCT07291635 (P1/2)
Press Release 2-26-2026
Press Release 2-10-2026
Press Release 12-5-2024
Developer website: Aramis Biotechnologies
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
VLP
Antigen(s)
Trivalent HA, unspecified
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Unknown
R&D Status
Active
Currently in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Studies
Unknown
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT07291635
Trial 1 Status
Recruiting
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 1 Information
NCT07291635
: Phase 1/​2 Study of a Plant-Based Seasonal Recombinant Trivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine (Phase 1/2)
Formulation: Recombinant Influenza vaccine candidate
728 Adults and Older Adults (18 years and older)
7 Canadian Study Locations
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 1 Study Start Date
2/25/26
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
6/1/26
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
12/1/26
Quadrivalent VLP (QVLP)
Developer
Medicago (Canada)
Name
Quadrivalent VLP (QVLP)
Phase
Phase 3
Approach
Nicotiana benthamiana plant-derived (Proficia®) HA-bearing quadrivalent virus-like particle (QVLP); aimed at stimulating antibody and cellular immune responses.
Goal
Next-Generation
Key Sources
Alvarez 2022 (PMID: 35750356)
Hendin 2022 (PMID: 35410323)
Ward 2021 (PMID: 33581920)
Ward 2020 (PMID: 33065035)
Tregoning 2020 (PMID: 33065033)
Pillet 2019 (PMID: 31166987)
Hodgins 2019 (PMID: 31700523)
Won 2018 (PMID: 30448064)
Pillet 2016 (PMID: 26987887)
Press Release 2-3-2023
Press Release 10-1-2019
Press Release 06-2018
NCT03739112 / EudraCT 2018-001894-26 (P3)
NCT03301051 / EudraCT 2017-001239-38 (P3)
NCT03321968 (P3)
NCT04622592 (P1/2)
NCT02831751 (P2)
NCT02768805 (P2)
NCT02233816 (P2)
NCT02236052 (P2)
NCT01991587 (P1/2)
Developer website
Vaccine Candidate Overview
Platform Category
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Vaccine Platform
QVLP
Delivery Mechanism
Intramuscular
Adjuvant
Aluminum salts: Alhydrogel
R&D Status
Inactive
No longer in development
Clinical Trial Information
Studies
Preclinical Publication(s)
Hendin 2022 (PMID: 35410323)
Alvarez 2022 (PMID: 35750356)
Won 2018 (PMID: 30448064)
Hodgins 2019 (PMID: 31700523)
Preclinical Studies
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity (
Alvarez 2022
Mice: determine whether elimination of HA-SA interactions significantly improves both the immunogenicity and efficacy of a plant-based H1-VLP vaccine (
Hendin 2022
Mice: evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy, and novel vaccine strategies such as prime-pull (IM boosted by IN) and multi-modality vaccination (IM and IN given simultaneously) (
Hodgins 2019
Mice: determine whether H1 and H5-VLPs stimulated DCs in vivo (
Won 2018
Trial 1
Trial 1 Registry ID
NCT03739112 / EudraCT 2018-001894-26
Trial 1 Status
Completed
Trial 1 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 1 Information
NCT03739112
EudraCT 2018-001894-26
: Efficacy of a Plant-derived Quadrivalent VLP Vaccine in the Elderly
12,794 Elderly Adults (65 years and older)
104 study locations: United States, Canada, Finland, Germany, Thailand
Comment in journal:
Tregoning 2020
Peer-reviewed publication:
Ward 2020
Trial 1 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 1 Study Start Date
9/18/18
Trial 1 Primary Completion Date
5/17/19
Trial 1 Study Completion Date
7/16/19
Trial 2
Trial 2 Registry ID
NCT03301051 / EudraCT 2017-001239-38
Trial 2 Status
Completed
Trial 2 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 2 Information
NCT03301051
EudraCT 2017-001239-38
: Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of a Plant-Derived Quadrivalent Virus-Like Particles Influenza Vaccine in Adults
10,160 Adults (18 to 64 years)
74 study locations: United States, Canada, Finland, Germany, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom
Comment in journal:
Tregoning 2020
Peer-reviewed publication:
Ward 2020
Trial 2 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Interim results reported, Results reported in registry
Trial 2 Study Start Date
8/2/17
Trial 2 Primary Completion Date
5/2/18
Trial 2 Study Completion Date
6/2/18
Trial 3
Trial 3 Registry ID
NCT03321968
Trial 3 Status
Completed
Trial 3 Phase
Phase 3
Trial 3 Information
NCT03321968
: Lot-to-lot Consistency of a Plant-Derived Quadrivalent Virus-Like Particles Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
1202 Adults (18 to 49 years)
10 Canadian study locations
Ward 2021
Trial 3 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal, Results reported in registry
Trial 3 Study Start Date
9/29/17
Trial 3 Primary Completion Date
12/1/17
Trial 3 Study Completion Date
12/1/17
Trial 4
Trial 4 Registry ID
NCT04622592
Trial 4 Status
Completed
Trial 4 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 4 Information
NCT04622592
: Adjuvanted Seasonal Recombinant QVLP Influenza Vaccine in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older. (Phase 1/2)
209 Older Adults (65 years and older)
14 US study locations
Trial 4 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in registry
Trial 4 Study Start Date
11/2/20
Trial 4 Study Completion Date
4/26/22
Trial 4 Primary Completion Date
4/26/22
Trial 5
Trial 5 Registry ID
NCT02831751
Trial 5 Status
Completed
Trial 5 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 5 Information
NCT02831751
: Immunogenicity, Safety, and Tolerability of a Plant-Derived Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Adults
1001 Elderly Adults (64 years and older)
15 study locations: US and Canada
Trial 5 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 5 Study Start Date
4/1/16
Trial 5 Primary Completion Date
7/1/16
Trial 5 Study Completion Date
1/1/17
Trial 6
Trial 6 Registry ID
NCT02768805
Trial 6 Status
Completed
Trial 6 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 6 Information
NCT02768805
: Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Virus-Like Particles (VLP) Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
900 Adults (18 to 64 years)
9 Locations: United States and Canada
Trial 6 Results Reporting Status
Results not yet reported
Trial 6 Study Start Date
3/2/16
Trial 6 Primary Completion Date
5/17/16
Trial 6 Study Completion Date
11/26/16
Trial 7
Trial 7 Registry ID
NCT02233816
Trial 7 Status
Completed
Trial 7 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 7 Information
NCT02233816
: Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of a Plant-Derived Seasonal Virus-Like-Particle Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults
300 Adults (18 to 49 years)
2 US study locations
Pillet 2019
Trial 7 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 7 Study Start Date
8/1/14
Trial 7 Primary Completion Date
6/22/15
Trial 7 Study Completion Date
6/22/15
Trial 8
Trial 8 Registry ID
NCT02236052
Trial 8 Status
Completed
Trial 8 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 8 Information
NCT02236052
: Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of a Plant-Derived Seasonal VLP Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in the Elderly Population
450 Older Adults (50 years and older)
3 Canadian study locations
Pillet 2019
Trial 8 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 8 Study Start Date
7/16/14
Trial 8 Primary Completion Date
6/17/15
Trial 8 Study Completion Date
6/17/15
Trial 9
Trial 9 Registry ID
NCT01991587
Trial 9 Status
Completed
Trial 9 Phase
Phase 2
Trial 9 Information
NCT01991587
: Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Plant-made Seasonal Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine in Adults. (Phase 1/2)
120 Adults (18 to 49 years)
Florida, United States
Pillet 2016
Trial 9 Results Reporting Status
Results reported in peer-reviewed journal
Trial 9 Study Start Date
10/8/13
Trial 9 Primary Completion Date
6/30/14
Trial 9 Study Completion Date
6/30/14
Vaccine Name
Sort descending
Developer / Location
Platform
Phase
Approach & Sources
20 mRNA-LNP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of Pennsylvania (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Nucleoside modified mRNA vaccine constructs encoding either conserved antigens, or hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A and B virus subtypes aimed at inducing antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses to protect against diverse influenza virus strains.
Kirby 2023 (PMID: 36708722)
Villanueva 2023 (PMID: 36631700)
Gouma 2022 (PMID: 36533954)
Pecetta 2022 (PMID: 36469761)
O'Leary 2022 (PMID: 36450841)
Kelvin 2022 (PMID: 36423290)
Arevalo 2022 (PMID: 36423275)
McMahon 2022 (PMID: 36322769)
Pardi 2022 (PMID: 35945226)
Muramatsu 2022 (PMID: 35131437)
Alameh 2021 (PMID: 34852217)
Freyn 2021 (PMID: 34485597)
Willis 2020 (PMID: 31915303)
Freyn 2020 (PMID: 32359470)
Pardi 2018 (PMID: 30135514)
Limberis 2013 (PMID: 23720583)
News Story 2023
Press Release 12-6-2022
Press Release 12-6-2022
Press Release 11-25-2022
Patent: Universal influenza vaccine and methods and use (US20240374708A1)
Patent: Universal influenza vaccine using nucleoside-modified mRNA
NIH Funding
NIH Funding
More detail+
3M2e-HA2-NP chimeric subunit
More detail+
Pasteur Institute of Iran (Iran)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Recombinant chimeric protein 3M2e-HA2-NP containing conserved regions of M2e, HA, and NP derived from influenza A virus.
Maleki 2023 (PMID: 37191741)
Saleh 2020 (PMID: 32152828)
Farahmand 2019 (PMID: 30382564)
Shokouhi 2018 (PMID: 29730305)
More detail+
3M2e-rHF nanoparticle
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Tandem copies of M2e (3M2e) displayed on ferritin nanoparticles (recombinant human heavy chain ferritin, rHF); intranasal administration; aimed at stimulating cross-protective immunity through M2e-specific IgG antibodies, T-cell immune responses, and mucosal secretory-IgA antibodies.
Pan 2023 (PMID: 37395606)
Qi 2018 (PMID: 29430819)
More detail+
3M2e-T4 nanoparticle
More detail+
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Insertion of Flu viral M2e into phage T4 genome through fusion to Soc (Small Outer Capsid protein) generated a recombinant phage, and the Soc-M2e proteins self-assembled onto phage capsids to form 3M2e-T4 nanoparticles during propagation of T4 in E. coli.
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
More detail+
3MCD-f nanovaccine
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Biepitope adjuvant-free, self-assembled influenza nanovaccine consisting of two conserved epitopes (M2e and CDhelix)
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35911479)
More detail+
5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–encapsulated 5xM2e mRNA vaccine encoding the tandem repeat conserved ectodomain (M2e) of ion channel protein M2 derived from human, swine, and avian influenza A viruses. Administered alone or co-administered with an inactivated split vaccine. Research includes the development of an influenza B virus NA mRNA vaccine candidate, co-administered with conventional split influenza B vaccine at low doses, to induce cross-lineage protection.
Le 2025 (PMID: 40265888)
Grovenstein 2025 (PMID: 40073270)
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a-RIV
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Patronus Biotech (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Trivalent recombinant influenza virus-like particle vaccine (a-RIV) based on AH1, AH3 and B/vic HA antigens developed using the baculovirus–insect cell expression system and formulated with an AS01-like adjuvant
Yu 2025 (PMID: 41295535)
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A/NP+M2-rAd
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Food and Drug Administration (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus-5 (rAd) vectors expressing conserved antigens NP and M2.
Misplon 2023 (PMID: 37830821)
Price 2022 (PMID: 35638848)
Lo 2021 (PMID: 34226103)
Dhakal 2021 (PMID: 33627390)
Rowell 2019 (PMID: 30986224)
Rowell 2018 (PMID: 29249542)
Price 2018 (PMID: 30037481)
Soboleski 2011 (PMID: 21789196)
Price 2010 (PMID: 20976273)
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AC-Anhui
VACC
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Erasmus University Medical Center (Netherlands)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Addavax-adjuvanted split-inactivated vaccines containing either the antigenically central HA (AC-Anhui
VACC
), the wild-type counterpart HA (Anhui
VACC
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
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Ace-DEX microparticle
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University of North Carolina (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
M2e- and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-encapsulated acetylated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MP); antigen-adjuvant combination is aimed at activation of humoral and cellular responses.
Pena 2025 (PMID: 40482923)
Pena 2024 (PMID: 38266940)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 37458383)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Chen 2018 (PMID: 30261204)
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Ad vector-based vaccine with autophagy-inducing peptide
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Purdue University (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Adenovirus vector-based vaccine expressing a combination of antigens including HA signal peptide (SP), HA stem and the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5); or expressing NP of influenza A (BAd-C5-NP/A) and B (BAd-C5-NP/B) viruses linked to AIP-C5; aimed at enhancing immune responses and cross-protection.
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40635672)
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39852874)
Sayedahmed 2024 (PMID: 38400140)
Sayedahmed 2020 (PMID: 33019589)
Hassan 2017 (PMID: 29023601)
Patent: Methods and Compositions for Vaccination Against Heterosubtypic Influenza Viruses Using an Adenoviral Vector Leading to Enhanced T Cell Response Through Autophagy (US20250152696)
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Ad-5-H1
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Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US), University of Maryland (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vector, encoding a secreted form of H1 HA, aimed at eliciting cross-reactive stalk-mediated cellular and humoral immunity and protection.
Bliss 2022 (PMID: 34999208)
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Ad-HA2
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University of Ottawa (Canada)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
An intranasal adenoviral vector (Ad-HA2) vaccine expressing a consensus HA stem sequence, derived through bioinformatic analysis of all H3 strains, aimed at inducing HA2-specific humoral and cell-mediated responses against group 2 influenza A viruses.
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41015121)
Gravel 2021 (PMID: 34805790)
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Ad-Hex
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Fudan University (China), Tianjin Medical University (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
A pan-influenza vaccine comprising three chimpanzee adenoviral vectors (Ad-H1H3, Ad-BYBV, and Ad-H5H7), each encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) genes from two distinct influenza virus subtypes/lineages in the △E1 region
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41501378)
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Ad4-H5-VTN
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NIAID (US)
Virus-vectored
Phase 1
Replication-competent adenovirus type 4 encoding influenza virus H5 HA (Ad4-H5-Vtn) administered as an oral capsule or via tonsillar swab or nasal spray, as a potential platform for inducing durable and systemic mucosal immunity against influenza glycoproteins.
Matsuda 2021 (PMID: 33529172)
Alexander 2012 (PMID: 22363572)
Press Release 2-19-2021
NCT01443936 (P1)
NCT01806909 (P1)
Developer website: NIAID
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AdC-Flu-Tet
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Fudan University (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
The HA genes of influenza B Yamagata (BY) and Victoria (BV) strains, and the NP gene of H1N1 cloned into the E1 region of the chimpanzee adenoviral vector, AdC68, and M2e epitopes of H1N1 and H3N2 were fused to the loop region of the AdC68 fiber, resulting in the recombinant adenoviral vector vaccine, AdC-Flu-Tet
Niu 2025 (PMID: 40023902)
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AdC68-cHAs
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Tianjin Medical University (China), Fudan University (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Novel cHAs comprising two or three fuzed head domains from different subtypes grafted onto one stalk domain, designated as cH1-H3, cH1-H7, cH1-H3-H7, and cH1-H7-H3
Zhou 2024 (PMID: 38044872)
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Adenovirus (Ad)-vectored centralized consensus vaccines
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University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Adenoviral (Ad)-vectored vaccines encoding a centralized consensus (CC) sequence such as neuraminidase (NA) type 1 (N1CC) or H5 hemagglutinin (H5CC)
Madapong 2025 (PMID: 41012131)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40333263)
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Adjuvanted nanoparticle fusion constructs
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Indian Institute of Science (India)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Trimeric influenza stem domain immunogen, pH1HA10, displayed on the ferritin like protein MsDps2, Ferritin, and Encapsulin
Kar 2022 (PMID: 35720346)
Najar 2018 (PMID: 29863853)
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Adjuvanted PNP-hydrogel system
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Stanford University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Sustained delivery of multivalent influenza vaccines from a next-gen injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel technology
Saouaf 2025 (PMID: 40091614)
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AH3–GFP
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Vaxsia Biomedical (Taiwan), University of Maryland Baltimore County (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Self-assembled protein nanoparticle composed of a gain-of-function mutant of the AH3 peptide that enables temperature- and salt-dependent protein nanoparticle thermostability, intended to to stimulate a long-lasting humoral immune response, mediated by the presence of thermal stable protein nanoparticle that remains intact in the injection site
Wong 2023 (PMID: 36851303)
Developer Website: Vaxsia
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B60-Stem-8071
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Xiamen University (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
An HA stem vaccine grafted with an epitope of broadly neutralizing antibodies CR8071 to stabilize the stem HA domain
Zeng 2022 (PMID: 35746776)
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BHAG3
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Jilin University (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
DNA vaccine based on the IBV hemagglutinin (HA) gene and conserved antigenic epitopes of both the HA, M2e and NA genes
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 41235250)
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BP-NP
366
/PA
224
More detail+
University of Melbourne (Australia), Griffith University (Australia)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Endotoxin-free production strain of
E. coli
bioengineered to assemble biopolymer particles (BPs) coated with conserved influenza antigens (BP-NP
366
/PA
224
).
Liu 2024 (PMID: 38411375)
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BPL-1357
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NIAID (US)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 2
BPL-1357 contains 4 whole inactivated avian influenza virus strains: H7N3, H5N1, H3N8, and H1N9; administered either intranasally or intramuscularly; intended to induce mucosal immunity similar to the immune response following influenza infection including cellular and B cell responses.
Tudor Giurgea 2025
Bannerjee 2025
Larkin 2022 (PMID: 35943485)
Park 2022 (PMID: 35857640)
NCT07215858 (P2)
NCT05027932 (P1)
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press release 8-19-2022
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 6-28-2022
News Story 5-9-2025
News Story 5-5-2025
News Story 5-3-2025
News story 5-1-2025
Patent: Broadly Protective Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine
Developer website: NIAID
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Cap-Cat VLPs
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Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China), Zhengzhou University (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
A generalized nanoantigen display platform, Cap-Cat virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying antigens such as M2e; aimed at providing cross-protection against diverse subtypes of influenza A virus strains.
Formerly: Cap-M2e VLP
Chen 2024 (PMID: 39387806)
Ding 2024 (PMID: 38220319)
Ding 2021 (PMID: 33485888)
Ding 2019 (PMID: 31267679)
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Capless mRNA
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University of South Alabama (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A capless mRNA vector that includes a double (instead of a triple) hairpin at the 5’ end and encodes the full length hemagglutinin (HA) of the Influenza A virus, complexed with pre-formed lipid-based nanoparticles and used as a vaccine
Solodushko 2025 (PMID: 39988620)
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CDh-f nanoparticle
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Jilin University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
The A helix (Ah) and CD helix (CDh) from the HA stem were fused with ferritin, individually, or in tandem, yielding Ah-f, CDh-f and (A + CD)h-f nanoparticles (NPs), produced through a prokaryotic expression system.
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35157751)
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Centi-Flu 01
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Centivax (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
An mRNA-based, multivalent mixture of low doses of 30 computationally selected, conserved HA epitopes, aimed at eliciting broadly protective antibody and cellular immune responses.
Bedi 2023 (PMID: 37196356)
Glanville 2020 (Preprint)
ACTRN12626000259347
Press Release 3-30-2026
Press Release 2-12-2026
News Story 4-1-2026
Developer Website: Centivax
Patent: Epitope focusing by variable effective antigen surface concentration
Patent: Optimized vaccine compositions and methods for making the same
Patent: Vaccine compositions and uses thereof
Patent: Influenza vaccines and uses thereof
Patent: Low dose vaccine compositions
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cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent mRNA vaccines
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Georgia State University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A multivalent influenza mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine with mRNAs of hemagglutinins from influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, matrix protein 1, and nucleoprotein, adjuvanted with cGAMP
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36420215)
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cHA-based mRNA-LNP
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), Emory University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Universal vaccine that targets the H1 stalk through a prime-boost regimen consisting of sequential cH8/1 and cH5/1 vaccination expressed by nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) and unmodified self-amplifying mRNA in modified dendritic nanoparticles (sam-MDNP).
Styles 2025 (PMID: 41005301)
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cHA-ΔNS1-LAIV
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Chimeric HAs  composed of exotic avian HA head domains and a conserved stem domain, combined with a live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) backbone lacking non-structural protein 1 (deltaNS1), aimed at eliciting broadly protective immune responses to conserved HA stem epitopes.
Rathnasinghe 2024 (PMID: 39300090)
Rathnasinghe 2021 (PMID: 34773048)
More detail+
ChAdOx1 NP+M1 and MVA NP+M1 in heterologous prime-boost regimens
More detail+
Jenner Institute, University of Oxford (UK)
Virus-vectored
Phase 1
Two-dose heterologous viral vectored constructs: modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and the chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx2 expressing conserved influenza virus antigens, nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein-1 (M1); aimed at stimulating T-cell responses to influenza virus.
Vatzia 2023 (PMID: 36792640)
Folegatti 2022 (PMID: 35715352)
Vatzia 2021 (PMID: 34804053)
Coughlan 2018 (PMID: 29519670)
Tully 2017 (PMID: 28724579)
Antrobus 2014 (PMID: 24374965)
Lambe 2013 (PMID: 23485942)
NCT01818362 (P1)
NCT01623518 (P1)
Developer website
More detail+
ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA2 and MVA-NPM1NA2
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Pirbright Institute (UK)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Aerosol immunization with viral vectored vaccines (ChAdOx2 and MVA) expressing matrix (M1) and nucleoprotein (NP)
Vatzia 2024 (PMID: 39397062)
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Chimeric cytokine HA-VLP vaccine
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Nerome Institute of Biological Resources (Japan)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
VLPs containing a chimeric cytokine (CC) comprising the M2 protein, influenza A neuraminidase stalk
Imagawa 2023 (PMID: 37237374)
Nerome 2022 (PMID: 36344085)
More detail+
Chimeric HA and M2 mRNA cocktail
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Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA vaccine encoding two novel chimeric HAs, cH5/1-BV and cH7/3, as well as the intact M2 (termed Fluaxe), to protect at least six influenza subtypes, including two circulating IAV group 1 (H1N1 and H5N1), two IAV group 2 (H3N2 and H7N9), and two IBV lineages (Victoria and Yamagata). In addition, HAs from two highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), namely H5N1 and H7N9, were introduced to the mRNA-based vaccine to further combat the severe hazard of major poultry epizootics to human health
Yi 2025 (PMID: 40473642)
More detail+
Chimeric HA constructs
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 2
Sequential combinations of different platforms, including LAIVs and inactivated split vaccines, with adjuvants, or of chimeric (cHA) or mosaic (mHA) constructs (cHA-LAIV-LAIV and cHA-LAIV-IIV, M2e), consisting of “exotic” HA head domains (from avian influenza viruses) and a conserved stalk domain; sequential administration with cHAs with different head domains and the same stalk domain; aimed at focusing humoral immunity on the highly conserved HA stalk domain.
(Formerly:
cHA-based LAIV combinations)
Akhtar 2025 (PMID: 41094203)
Scherm 2025 (PMID: 40972238)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40876140)
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
Guthmiller 2025 (PMID: 40132593)
Nguyen 2025 (PMID: 39937865)
Dong and Wang 2024 (PMID: 38788629)
Bliss 2024 (PMID: 38805853)
Edgar 2023 (PMID: 37871218)
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37703367)
Puente-Massaguer 2023 (PMID: 37342504)
Dhakal 2022 (PMID: 33293159)
Meade 2022 (PMID: 36533948)
Aydillo 2022 (PMID: 36496417)
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 35594401)
Isakova-Sivak 2022 (PMID: 35461523)
Folschweiller 2022 (PMID: 35461522)
Guthmiller 2021 (PMID: 34942633)
Nachbagauer 2021 (PMID: 33288923)
Roubidoux 2021 (PMID: 33593972)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 33440898)
Bernstein 2020 (PMID: 31630990)
Destexhe 2020 (PMID: 32119974)
Broecker 2019 (PMID: 31341648)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 31540436)
Krammer 2019 (PMID: 30715353)
Nachbagauer 2019 (PMID: 31839997)
Liu 2019 (PMID: 31105689)
Choi 2019 (PMID: 31032479)
Sun 2019 (PMID: 30944178)
Sunwoo 2018 (PMID: 30223475)
Nachbagauer 2018 (PMID: 30044403)
Nachbagauer 2017 (PMID: 29263881)
Ermler 2017 (PMID: 28356526)
Nachbagauer 2016 (PMID: 26719251)
Eggink 2014 (PMID: 24155380)
Margine 2013 (PMID: 23903831)
EudraCT: 2017-001584-20 (P1/2)
NCT03275389 (P1)
NCT03300050 (P1)
NCT02415842 (Observational)
Press Release 6-30-2022
Press Release 7-16-2020
Press Release 12-7-2020
Press Release 5-1-2019
News Story 12-7-2020
NIH Funding
Patent: Immunogenic Compositions Containing Inactivated Influenza A Virus And CpG Oligonucleotide Adjuvant And Uses Thereof
Patent: Influenza Virus Vaccines And Uses Thereof (US 2026/0000747 A1)
Patent: Influenza Virus Vaccines And Uses Thereof (US 2026/0001918 A1)
More detail+
Chimeric VLPs
More detail+
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Chimeric VLPs based on capsid proteins (CPs) of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages Beihai32 and PQ465, simultaneously displaying four copies of the M2e peptide and HA stalk domain (HA2)
Vasyagin 2025 (PMID: 41295490)
More detail+
CHM-f nanoparticle
More detail+
Northwest A&F University (China), Chengdu NanoVAX Biotechnology (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Ferritin-based influenza nanoparticle vaccine co-expressing the ectodomain of HA (H), three repeated M2e epitopes (M), and the M-cell-targeting ligand Co4B ©, which are fused in tandem to the N-terminus of ferritin (f), creating the CHM-f nanoparticle. Administered intranasally with or without the CpG IAMA-002 adjuvant.
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39905416)
More detail+
CIC Vaccine
More detail+
Novavax (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 3
Combination SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccine that uses full-length, stabilized recombinant spike (rS) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 4 wild-type recombinant Hemagglutinin (rHA) proteins from the influenza virus, as antigens.
Status per pipeline
: "Available for partnership; no current investment"
Fix 2026 (PMID: 41814863)
Massare 2021 (Preprint)
NCT06482359 (P3- Withdrawn)
NCT06291857 (P3)
CTRI/2025/10/095731 (P2/3)
NCT05519839 (P2)
NCT04961541 (P1/2)
Press Release 8-6-2025
Press Release 6-11-2025
Press Release 5-8-2025
Press Release 12-10-2024
Press Release 11-11-2024
Press Release 10-16-2024
Press Release 8-8-2024
Press Release 5-10-2024
Press Release 5-10-2024
Press Release 4-1-2024
Press Release 5-9-2023
Press Release 12-30-2022
Press Release 10-13-2022
Press Release 4-20-2022
Press Release 9-8-2021
Press Release 6-14-2021
Press Release 5-10-2021
News Story 5-9-2023
Novavax Presentation Jan 2026
Novavax Presentation Nov 2025
Novavax presentation Sep 2024
Novavax presentation Mar 2024
Novavax presentation Jan 2024
Novavax presentation Aug 2023
Novavax Presentation Apr 2022
Novavax Pipeline (Jan 2026)
Developer Website: Novavax
More detail+
circRNA-M2e
More detail+
University of Michigan (US), Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Pulmonary circRNA influenza vaccine based on pulmonary delivery of M2e-encoding small circRNA using ionizable LNPs
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40930161)
More detail+
COBRA H1 HA
More detail+
University of North Carolina (US), University of Georgia (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
COBRA HA vaccine coadministered intranasally with a novel adjuvant. Adjuvants include PEI-Ox-DEX hydrogel, M7-CpG, and cGAMP MPs
Ontiveros-Padilla 2025 (PMID: 40393528)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 38464191)
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38435811)
Hendy 2023 (PMID: 37603310)
Ontiveros-Padilla 2023 (PMID: 37033992)
Batty 2023 (PMID: 36436743)
Batty 2022 (PMID: 35623484)
Eckshtain-Levi 2022 (PMID: 35704854)
Varma 2022 (PMID: 35353486)
More detail+
COBRA HA and NA proteins
More detail+
University of Georgia (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Multivalent COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) HA and NA immunogens (N1 and N2) designed to cross react with several IAV strains, combined with novel immunostimulatory adjuvants, such as: CpG 1018, Advax-SM
TM
, a novel adjuvant comprising inulin polysaccharide and CpG55.2, a TLR9 agonist, c-di-AMP adjuvant, or Infectimune®, a cationic lipid nanoparticle adjuvant.
Zhang 2026 (PMID: 41712567)
Lu 2026 (PMID: 40578602)
Richardson 2026 (PMID: 41351929)
Uno and Ross 2025 (PMID: 41379867)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 41152889)
Sanchez 2025 (PMID: 40733639)
Allen 2025 (PMID: 40400055)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 40267617)
Allen 2024 (PMID: 39772026)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 39171925)
Ge and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38850895)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38877101)
Sanchez 2024 (PMID: 38793706)
Uno 2024 (PMID: 38228649)
Nuñez 2023 (PMID: 38170075)
Press Release 8-22-2024
More detail+
COBRA HA-encoding mRNA
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of Georgia (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)
Allen and Ross 2024 (PMID: 38533508)
More detail+
COBRA-VLP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of Georgia (US), Cleveland Clinic (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
VLP constructs expressing COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) for HA or NA (specifically N2 NA); aimed at eliciting high-titer broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to multiple HA epitopes on antigenically distinct influenza viruses.
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39291424)
Ge 2024 (PMID: 39079813)
Nagashima 2024 (PMID: 38810648)
Carlock 2023 (PMID: 37741893)
Ge 2023 (PMID: 36680243)
Moise 2022 (PMID: 35704783)
Nunez 2021 (PMID: 34832509)
Allen 2021 (PMID: 34475872)
Reneer 2021 (PMID: 33692193)
Allen 2021 (PMID: 33654128)
Reneer 2020 (PMID: 33115871)
Huang 2020 (PMID: 31852790)
Nunez 2020 (PMID: 31733946)
Sautto 2020 (PMID: 31811019)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30905528)
Skarlupka 2019 (PMID: 31448974)
Bar-Peled 2019 (PMID: 31481254)
Allen 2017 (PMID: 28789850)
Wong 2017 (PMID: 28978710)
Carter 2017 (PMID: 28978709)
Carter 2016 (PMID: 26912624)
Crevar 2015 (PMID: 25671661)
Giles 2012 (PMID: 22190399)
Giles 2011 (PMID: 21320540)
Press Release 9-20-2023
Press release 7-14-2022
Developer presentation 2023
More detail+
CodaVax
More detail+
Codagenix (US)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 1
LAIV generated through synthetic attenuated virus-engineering (SAVE); uses an algorithm to “de-optimize” the influenza HA and NA gene segments for reduced translation in human cells, resulting in virus attenuation while preserving the immunogenicity of wild-type virus; aimed at stimulating an immune response against influenza viruses from multiple seasons and multiple decades (e.g. influenza viruses from 1970s and 1930s).
Stauft 2019 (PMID: 31609986)
Broadbent 2016 (PMID: 26655630)
Yang 2013 (PMID: 23690603)
Mueller 2010 (PMID: 20543832)
NCT05223179 (P1)
NCT04146623 / ACTRN12618002041235 (P1)
NCT03926416 (P1)
ACTRN12618000557235 (P1)
ACTRN12617000254392 (P1)
Press Release 6-14-2022
Patent: Parenterally Administrable Influenza Vaccine and Uses Thereof
Developer website
More detail+
Combinatorial polymeric nanoshell
More detail+
National Taiwan University (Taiwan)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Nanoshell vaccine with co-encapsulation of peptides aimed at inducing a T cell response.
Tsai 2023 (PMID: 37092580)
Lin 2021 (PMID: 33898629)
More detail+
Consensus HA (2.3.4.4) DNA vaccine
More detail+
Chungbuk National University (South Korea)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
DNA vaccine encoding a consensus hemagglutinin (HA) from clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses [pGX-27/HA (2.3.4.4)]
Kim 2025 (PMID: 40902412)
More detail+
CPQ H5N1
More detail+
State University of New York at Buffalo (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Multimeric H5 and N1 derived from H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b (A/Jiangsu/NJ210/2023) displayed on immunogenic liposomes containing CoPoP, PHAD-3D6A, and QS-21 (CPQ).
Li 2025
More detail+
CTA1-3M2e-DD (FPM2e)
More detail+
University of Gothenburg (Sweden), Ghent University (Belgium)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Combined M2e-based fusion protein with a cholera toxin-derived adjuvant (CTA1-DD) and lipid nanoparticles; aimed at enhancing anti-M2e antibodies and CD4+ T cell responses.
Omokanye 2022 (PMID: 35260804)
Bernasconi 2020 (PMID: 32807838)
Schussek 2020 (PMID: 31959882)
Bernasconi 2018 (PMID: 30271406)
Eliasson 2018 (PMID: 28295019)
Eliasson 2011 (PMID: 21481325)
Eliasson 2008 (PMID: 18243429)
More detail+
CTB-4×M2e-cHA2
More detail+
Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA-based broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses
Xu 2025 (PMID: 39957235)
More detail+
cVLPs
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University of Copenhagen (Denmark), Scripps Research Institute (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Recombinant vaccine antigens (HA
stem
or rNA) displayed on the surface of rigid capsid-based virus-like particles (cVLP).
(formerly: CLP-HA
stem
Kang 2024 (PMID: 38883830)
Thrane 2020 (PMID: 32679905)
More detail+
cVLPs
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Jiaxing University (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
The conserved stalk domain and 4M2e co-anchored to the surface particles to generate chimeric influenza VLPs aimed at inducing humoral and mucosal immune responses.
Shi 2023 (PMID: 36849974)
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CyCMV/Flu
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Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccine (CyCMV)  expressing conserved internal influenza antigens (M1, NP, and PB1), aimed at inducing lung-resident influenza-specific CD4+ T cells to provide long-lived heterosubtypic protection.
Malouli 2024 (PMID: 39030218)
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dbDNA-encoded NA
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Imperial College London (UK)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Influenza virus vaccines made using a closed linear DNA platform, Doggybone™ DNA (dbDNA), produced by a rapid and scalable cell-free method and encoding NA
Cunliffe 2024 (PMID: 38567290)
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Deglycosylated modified HA
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Xiamen University (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Deglycosylated modified HA proteins from H3N2 with various lengths of glycans administered intramuscularly
Zhang 2022 (PMID: 36016191)
More detail+
deltaFLU
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Vivaldi Biosciences (US)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 2
The current approach uses the NS1-deficient (delNS-1) vaccine component in a heterologous prime-boost intranasal regimen consisting of paired delNS-1 strains containing different HA heads but a similar conserved HA stem. The prime vaccine contains delNS-1vaccine strains expressing a group 1 HA (H5N1), a group 2 HA (H3N2), and B Victoria. The boost vaccine contains delNS-1 strains expressing a group 1 HA (H1N1), a group 2 (H7N9), and B Yamagata. The current approach also uses a Vero cell-based manufacturing system.
Previously consisted of a single-dose, live replication-deficient nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-deficient trivalent influenza virus vaccine produced in Vero cells, administered intranasally.
Note: Delta-19 (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) + universal influenza) combination vaccine in preclinical development
Vivaldi Delta-19 Website
Delta-19 Infographic
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 7-13-2022
Press release 11-29-2021
Press release 10-6-2021
Press release 11-23-2020
Cnossen 2025 (PMID: 40486504)
Nicolodi 2019 (PMID: 31155415)
Morokutti 2014 (PMID: 24560674)
Mossler 2013 (PMID: 24183981)
Krenn 2011 (PMID: 21490925)
Wacheck 2010 (PMID: 20039806)
NCT01369862 (P1/2)
NCT01078701 (P2a)
NCT03745274 (P1)
NCT00724997 (P1)
Press Release 11-19-2025
Press Release 10-7-2025
Press Release 7-21-2025
Press Release 4-17-2025
Press Release 12-18-2023
Press Release 6-5-2023
Press Release 3-29-2023
Press Release 11-29-2021
Press Release 11-23-2020
Press Release 6-19-2019
Press Release 4-4-2018
Press Release 2-12-2018
Developer website
NIH Funding
Patent: Prime-boost influenza vaccine
Patent: High Growth Influenza Virus
Patent: Recombinant high growth rate influenza virus comprising mutations in M1, NS2, and PB2
More detail+
DIOSvax-H5
inter
Homotypic Nanocages
More detail+
DIOSynVax (UK)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
An optimised H5 HA nanocage vaccine developed by combining a novel computationally designed vaccine antigen using Digitally Immune Optimised Synthetic Vaccine (DIOSynVax) antigen design technology, with the Plug-And-Display SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003-mi3 nanoassembly platform. The novel, recombinant H5 immunogen with antigenic determinants representative across different clades of the H5 subtype, DIOSvax-H5
inter
, is generated as a self-assembling Homotypic Nanocage.
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Press Release 1-8-2025
Patent: Influenza Vaccines
Patent: Vaccines and Methods
Developer website: DIOSynVax
More detail+
dNS1 LAIV
More detail+
Xiamen University (China)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
LAIVs constructed using two different modification strategies: cold-adapted viral gene mutation (“CA4-dNS1”) which involves truncating the NS1 region within the influenza virus's NS1 segment, while simultaneously introducing a few sites to enhance growth adaptability, and the other through the deletion of the viral NS1 gene (“CA4-cold”), which retains all eight gene segments of the CA4 virus and is predominantly attenuated through point mutations, enhancing its replication ability at 33°C compared to 37°C.
Wang 2025 (PMID: 41354864)
More detail+
Double-layered protein nanoparticles
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Layered protein nanoparticles expressing multivalent conserved antigens (M2e, NP, HA stem domains); conjugated with truncated flagellin (tFliC); aimed at inducing broadly cross-protective immune responses.
Status: Active
Kim 2024 (PMID: 39240547)
Wang 2023 (PMID: 36265560)
Song 2022 (PMID: 35810540)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35754779)
Ma 2021 (PMID: 34743020)
Wang 2021 (PMID: 34179728)
Tang 2020 (PMID: 33114336)
Wang 2020 (PMID: 31840437)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30065113)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 30394725)
Wang 2018 (PMID: 30365905)
Deng 2018 (PMID: 29367723)
Chang 2018 (PMID: 30092060)
Deng 2017 (PMID: 28622575)
Wang 2014 (PMID: 23988715)
Press Release 7-1-2019
NIH Funding
More detail+
DVX-pan-H5Nx
More detail+
University of Cambridge (UK), DIOSynVax (UK)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Digitally Immune Optimised Synthetic Vaccine (DIOSynVax) technology used to select cross-reactive antigens and combine different classes of the best antigen combinations into mRNA vaccine antigen payloads (VAP) to create a broadly protective, thermostable mRNA vaccine candidate, DVX-pan-H5Nx
Huang 2025 (PMID: 40476519)
Heeney 2025 (Preprint)
Moss 2025
Press Release 4-22-2025
News Story 8-29-2019
Patent: Influenza Vaccines
Developer Website: DIOSynVax
More detail+
E10 nanobody
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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China), University of Gothenburg (Sweden)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Peptide based vaccine including E10, a hemagglutinin (HA)-specific nanobody that exhibits broad-spectrum binding, cross-group neutralization and in vivo protection across various influenza A subtypes. E10 specifically targets an epitope on HA head which is part of the conserved lateral patch and is highly immunodominant upon H7 infection.
Chen 2025 (PMID: 39788944)
More detail+
EBS-UFV-001 (UFluA)
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Emergent BioSolutions (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 1
Nanoparticle based vaccine that self-assembles during production and that displays a cross-reactive HA antigen for influenza virus A groups 1 and 2. The self-assembling HA stabilized stem nanoparticle technology was developed by and licensed from NIAID. UFluA is comprised of DP-UFluA (1:1 A1-ssnp and A2-ssnp antigens) and contains aluminum hydroxide and CpG adjuvants.
NCT05155319 (P1)
Press Release 12-16-2021
Developer website: Emergent BioSolutions
More detail+
Epigraph HA
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University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Vaccine designed using the Epigraph vaccine antigen designer, which uses a graph-based algorithm to create vaccine antigens with maximized potential epitope coverage of a highly diverse sequence population. For example, a universal swH3 vaccine by computationally designing a cocktail of three swH3 hemagglutinins (HA), or immunogens designed against the HA protein of IBV (IBV-Epi), or multivalent viral-vectored vaccine (rAd-Tri-Vic) targeting IBV.
Petro-Turnquist 2025 (PMID: 40301303)
Pekarek 2025 (PMID: 40004004)
Petro-Turnquist 2024 (PMID: 38392835)
Bullard 2022 (PMID: 35739199)
Patent: Methods of Making and Using Universal Centralized Influenza Vaccine Genes
More detail+
Ferritin-Based HA DNA
More detail+
Fudan University (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
DNA vaccine construct expressing seasonal influenza HA antigen as ferritin-displayed HA nanoparticles (HA-Ferritin)
Lin 2025 (PMID: 40733722)
More detail+
Ferritin-HA
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Shanghai Institute of Biological Products (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Recombinant, self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle that presents the extracellular domain of the influenza hemagglutinin antigen on its surface, designated as ferritin-HA
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39927225)
More detail+
fH1/DSP-0546LP
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Sumitomo Pharma (Japan), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (Japan)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 1
Post-fusion HA antigens adjuvanted with a newly developed liposomal SA-2 containing a synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist (DSP-0546) compound.
Nishiyama 2023 (PMID: 37330368)
NCT06460064 (P1)
Press Release 2-26-2026
Press Release 10-1-2025
Press Release 7-31-2025
Press Release 5-14-2024
Sumitomo Presentation Feb 2026
Sumitomo Presentation Dec 2025
Sumitomo presentation July 2025
Sumitomo presentation May 2025
Development Update July 2024
Patent: Composition Containing Influenza Vaccine
Developer website: Sumitomo Pharma
More detail+
FLU-v
More detail+
ConserV Bioscience (UK)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 2
Peptide-based construct derived from conserved regions of internal proteins (M1, IAV-NP, IBV-NP, and M2) aiming to provide a broadly protective immune response against influenza A and B through viral clearance by cytotoxic T cell responses.
Naess 2025
Oftung 2022 (PMID: 36146606)
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32150750)
Pleguezuelos 2020 (PMID: 32194999)
Abbasi 2020 (PMID: 32286631)
Van Doorn 2017 (PMID: 28376743)
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 26084515)
Pleguezuelos 2015 (PMID: 25994549)
Pleguezuelos 2012 (PMID: 22575166)
Stoloff 2007 (PMID: 17668898)
Press Release 10-22-2025
Press Release 7-7-2025
Press release 3-16-2020
Press release 1-11-19
NCT02962908 / EudraCT 2015-001932-38 (P2b)
NCT03180801 / EudraCT 2016-002134-74 (P2b)
NCT01226758 (P1b)
NCT01181336 (P1b)
Developer Website: ConserV Bioscience
NIH Funding
More detail+
FluMos self-assembling nanoparticle
More detail+
NIAID (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 1
Uses computationally designed nanoparticle immunogens that controllably display diverse HA trimers in an ordered array on self-assembling protein nanoparticles; aimed at eliciting both HAI activity and protective stem-directed neutralizing antibodies against heterosubtypic influenza viruses.
FluMos-v2 is a mosaic hexavalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine composed of full-length HA trimers of 4 influenza A strains (H1: A/Idaho/07/2018; H2: A/Singapore/1/1957; H3: A/Perth/1008/2019; H3: A/Darwin/106/2020) and two influenza B lineages (B/Victoria: B/Colorado/06/2017; B/Yamagata: B/Phuket/3073/2013).
FluMos-v1 is a mosaic array of heterotypic influenza HA antigens (from H1, H3, HBV, and HBY) displayed on a single nanoparticle.
Both candidates are aimed at eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies by enhancing immune responses to conserved epitopes present in the HAs of all influenza strains contained in the nanoparticle.
(Formerly: FluMos-v1)
Yang 2024 (PMID: 38402303)
Alabanza 2023 (PMID: 37451877)
Yang 2023 (PMID: 36906406)
Shajahan 2023 (PMID: 36723411)
Boyoglu-Barnum 2021 (PMID: 33762730)
Kanekiyo 2019 (PMID: 30742080)
Krammer 2019 comment (PMID: 30742079)
Georgiev 2018 (PMID: 29451984)
Kanekiyo 2013 (PMID: 23698367)
NCT07111078 (P1)
NCT06863142 (P1)
NCT05968989 (P1)
NCT04896086 (P1)
News Story 9-27-2023
Press Release 9-15-2023
Press Release 6-1-2021
Press Release 5-6-2021
NIH Funding
NIH Funding
Developer Website: NIAID
More detail+
FP-01.1
More detail+
Immune Targeting Systems (now Altimmune) (US)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 2
Novel construct consisting of 6 synthetic peptides linked to an inert fluorocarbon chain, encapsulating multiple conserved epitopes (NP, M, and PB1/PB2); aimed at generating T cell responses to divergent influenza strains.
Francis 2015 (PMID: 24928790)
NCT02071329 (P1/2)
NCT01701752 (P1)
NCT01677676 (P1)
NCT01265914 (P1)
Developer website
More detail+
G1 mHA
More detail+
Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, J&J (Netherlands)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 2
Group 1 HA stem-based antigen, based on an approach that removes the immunodominant HA head region while stabilizing the structure of the stem region; aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies.
(Formerly: Mini-HA)
Hertoghs 2026
Swart 2023 (PMID: 37952003)
Kil 2019 (PMID: 31725776)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 29977611)
Van der Lubbe 2018 (PMID: 30369928)
Impagliazzo 2015 (PMID: 26303961)
News Story 4-13-2026
NCT05901636 (P1/2a)
Developer Website
More detail+
GammaFlu
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Gamma Vaccines (Australia)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Whole influenza virus inactivated with gamma irradiation to prevent viral replication, leaving the external and internal protein antigens intact; aimed at stimulating antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells to provide cross-protective immunity; intranasal administration.
Singleton 2021 (PMID: 34899711)
David 2017 (PMID: 28109709)
Fuyura 2010 (PMID: 20164231)
Developer Presentation Nov 2024
Developer Website: Gamma Vaccines
More detail+
H1 HA mRNA-LNP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
An mRNA encoding the full-length HA of influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1).
Page 2025 (PMID: 41453893)
NCT05945485 (P1)
Press Release 5-15-2023
Developer website: NIAID
More detail+
H1, HA COBRA IIV
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), Cleveland Clinic (US), University of Georgia (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Reassortant influenza viruses expressing H1 and H3 computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA)
Chen 2025 (PMID: 40186991)
Shi 2025 (PMID: 39982912)
Shi 2024 (PMID: 38826029)
Nagashima 2024 (PMID: 38810648)
Editors 2024 (PMID: 38198500)
Dzimianski 2023 (PMID: 37185989)
Nagashima 2023 (PMID: 36851561)
Ross 2022 (PMID: 36016202)
Abbadi 2022 (PMID: 35916534)
Nagashima 2022 (PMID: 35697384)
Allen 2022 (PMID: 35289635)
Huang 2021 (PMID: 34358209)
Sautto 2021 (PMID: 33853960)
Sautto 2018 (PMID: 31022693)
Allen 2018 (PMID: 30265682)
More detail+
H1c-mRNA-LNP
More detail+
National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine (mRNA-LNPs) that encodes a consensus full-length HA sequence (H1c)
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37067355)
More detail+
H1H3 VLPs
More detail+
Kyung Hee University (S Korea)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Influenza VLPs co-expressing only IAV-derived hemagglutinin (HA) antigens H1 and  H3, aimed at conferring cross-protection against IBVs
(Formerly: H3N1M2e5x VLP)
Mao 2025 (PMID: 40230200)
Mao 2025 (PMID: 39551038)
Mao 2024 (PMID: 38390688)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35216022)
Kang 2022 (PMID: 35884922)
More detail+
H1ssF (H1 HA stabilized stem ferritin) nanoparticle
More detail+
NIAID (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 1
A self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle (H1ssF) containing HA stem epitopes, aimed at eliciting HA stem-specific antibody responses against heterologous influenza strains.
Crofts 2026 (PMID: 41997140)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 41212054)
Crofts 2025 (PMID: 40263387)
Ataca 2025 (PMID: 39580804)
Sangesland 2025 (PMID: 40929243)
van Diemen 2025 (PMID: 39947075)
Mantus 2025 (PMID: 39742506)
Casazza 2024 (PMID: 39289377)
Andrews 2023 (PMID: 37075126)
Widge 2023 (PMID: 37075129)
Moin 2022 (PMID: 36356572)
Darricarrère 2021 (PMID: 33658355)
Corbett 2019 (PMID: 30808695)
Yassine 2015 (PMID: 26301691)
Press Release 4-20-2023
Press Release 3-3-2021
NIH Press Release 2019
NCT07340047 (P1)
NCT04579250 (P1)
NCT03814720 (P1)
NIH Funding
Developer website: NIAID
More detail+
H1ssF_3928 mRNA-LNP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
mRNA expressing influenza H1 stabilized stem (H1ss) covalently fused to H. pylori ferritin (F)
NCT05755620 (P1)
Press Release 5-15-2023
Patent: Immunogenic Compositions
Developer website: NIAID
More detail+
H2-CON
More detail+
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Adenoviral-vectored centralized consensus HA construct against H2 influenza A virus, designed to induce broadly protective antibody titers when delivered in a prime-boost strategy first by Ad6 and followed with Ad5.
Petro-Turnquist 2022 (PMID: 35746534)
More detail+
H3N8 LAIV
More detail+
Iowa State University (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Live attenuated equine influenza virus (LAIV) equine H3N8 vaccine to induce broad protection without the need for non-influenza viral vectors, multiple HAs, or foreign protein scaffolds common to other universal influenza vaccine candidates.
Verhoeven 2024 (PMID: 39702334)
More detail+
H5-MNP vaccine
More detail+
Novavax (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Purified recombinant A/AW/SC/2021 HA trimers formulated with Matrix-M® adjuvant, saponin-cholesterol-phospholipid combination arranged in cage-like particles, are found to non-covalently anchor to the vertices of the Matrix-M and form A(H5N1) HA–Matrix-M nanoparticles (H5-MNPs)
Patel 2025 (PMID: 40681543)
More detail+
H5N1 inactivated split virus vaccine
More detail+
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Inactivated split virus vaccine based on clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 with optimized adjuvant combinations of Alum and CpG, developed to induce cross-reactive antibodies against a range of H5 HA and N1 NA antigens, including those from phylogenetically distant clades.
Puente-Massaguer 2026 (PMID: 41577702)
More detail+
H9 Epigraph
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Three globular heads of H9 hemagglutinin (HA1) with optimized epitopes conjugated to mi3 NPs mixed at equimolar ratios to generate the Epigraph vaccine.
Hao 2025 (PMID: 40452158)
More detail+
HA DNA-LNP
More detail+
Wistar Institute (US), University of Pennsylvania (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Tailored formulation of plasmid DNA into lipid nanoparticles (DNA-LNPs) that induces robust innate and adaptive immunity
Tursi 2025 (PMID: 40120578)
More detail+
HA, NP, and 3M2e mRNA
More detail+
Chinese PLA General Hospital (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA vaccine encoding influenza hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and three tandem repeats of matrix protein 2 (3M2e).
Tian 2024 (PMID: 38805804)
More detail+
HA-encoding mRNA
More detail+
University of Georgia (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Novel quadrivalent mRNA influenza vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) proteins.
Reneer 2024 (PMID: 38635725)
More detail+
HA-F DNA vaccine
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A DNA vaccine designed by fusing influenza virus HA with self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles aimed at providing robust immunogenicity, high protective efficacy and being an effective vaccine with rapid production
Qiao 2022 (PMID: 35040188)
More detail+
HA-mRNA-LNP
More detail+
Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Trivalent HA-mRNA vaccine encoding H1, H3, and B/Victoria antigens corresponding to seasonal influenza viruses
Mazunina 2024 (PMID: 38690272)
More detail+
HA-Q11 nanofiber
More detail+
Duke University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Self-assembled peptide nanofiber subunit vaccines comprised of the Q11 nanofiber platform, multivalent HA antigens, and KEYA, a nanoscale adjuvant consisting of randomized lysine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and alanine.
Roe 2026 (PMID: 41265773)
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
More detail+
HA-SAV
More detail+
Yonsei University (South Korea)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
A self-assembled vaccine (SAV) platform comprising antigen-polymer conjugates to elicit enhanced immune responses against pathogen
Park 2024 (PMID: 38189789)
More detail+
HA-T-AGM Protein
More detail+
Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (India)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
A recombinant full-length soluble trimeric HA protein expressed in mammalian Expi293F expression system administered intradermally and with Addavax adjuvant
Raj 2023 (PMID: 37112692)
More detail+
HA-VLP-Cyt
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Cytokine-adjuvanted influenza hemagglutinin virus-like particles (HA-VLP) vaccine aimed at inducing cellular and humoral immunity
Park 2023 (PMID: 37170231)
More detail+
HA/GP nanoparticles
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GP nanoparticles); administered intranasally; aimed at enhancing HA immunogenicity
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38097456)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35084819)
Dong 2022 (PMID: 35754779)
Dong 2021 (PMID: 33941704)
More detail+
HA2 HA-ferritin nanoparticle
More detail+
NIAID (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 1
The HA2 HA-ferritin nanoparticle (HA-F A/Sing) vaccine displays 8 HA trimers from A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) influenza, designed to induce induce cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies to conserved epitopes in the receptor-binding site, medial junction, and central stem of HA.
Spangler 2025 (PMID: 40023164)
Yang 2024 (PMID: 38717904)
Nelson 2022 (PMID: 36289232)
Houser 2022 (PMID: 35115706)
Andrews 2022 (PMID: 35115707)
Kelly 2020 (PMID: 32434990)
Darricarrère 2018 (PMID: 30185594)
NCT03186781 (P1)
Press Release 5-11-2022
Developer website: NIAID
More detail+
HA2-16 ferritin nanoparticles
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
A recombinant ferritin that incorporates a linear conserved stem epitope (HA2-16) derived from the HA2 region
Wang 2025 (PMID: 39974341)
More detail+
HAdV5-HNH
More detail+
China CDC (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Adenovirus type 5 based vector vaccine (HAdV5-HNH) carrying the conserved influenza antigens HA stem and NA
Li 2025 (PMID: 40145257)
More detail+
HAm
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Stabilized trimeric recombinant mosaic HA proteins named HAm, expressed using a protein-based vaccine platform
Liu 2024 (PMID: 39340038)
More detail+
HBc VLPs
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Biomimetic dual-antigen hybrid nanovaccine VLP construct with interior NP and exterior M2e antigens, using a hepatitis B virus core (HBc) VLP; aimed at inducing a cross-protective immune response.
Sheng 2024 (PMID: 38382812)
Sheng 2023 (PMID: 37391312)
Wei 2020 (PMID: 32713681)
More detail+
HD-MAP delivered HA-based DNA vaccine
More detail+
University of Queensland (Australia)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
High-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) delivery of a DNA vaccine encoding the influenza A/California/01/2009 (H1N1pdm09) haemagglutinin (HA) antigen
Entriken 2025 (PMID: 41236534)
More detail+
Helix-A stem nanoparticle
More detail+
NIAID (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Nanoparticle-based vaccine that displays multiple copies of the conserved influenza helix-A region per nanoparticle subunit
McCraw 2023 (PMID: 37639457)
More detail+
Hexaplex liposomes
More detail+
State University of New York at Buffalo (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Recombinant HA and NA multimeric proteins derived from three influenza serotypes, H1N1, H3N2, and type B, are surface displayed on nanoliposomes co-loaded with immunostimulatory adjuvants, generating "hexaplex" particles
Sia 2026 (PMID: 41971165)
Sia 2024 (PMID: 38401547)
Sia 2022 (PMID: 36106872)
Sia 2021 (PMID: 34050027)
More detail+
HFPA-mRNA
More detail+
National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
High-frequency prevalent antigen (HFPA)-mRNA vaccine based on 10-year prevalent sequences of HA, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and the HA stem.
Cheng 2025 (PMID: 41049090)
More detail+
hlHA IIV
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), Duke University (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Authentic influenza A virus (IAV) particles that harbor “headless” HA (hlHA) along with the normal complement of other viral proteins to serve as an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV)
Zhu 2025 (PMID: 39841684)
Hamele 2024 (PMID: 39324791)
More detail+
HMP-NP
More detail+
Northwest A&F University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Ferritin-based influenza nanoparticle vaccine that displays a multi-antigen targets on the surface of Helicobacter pylori ferritin, which consists of the ectodomain of HA and three tandem highly conserved influenza M1 epitopes fused with the universal helper T-cell epitope PADRE
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39958330)
More detail+
Hybrid fusion protein combination vaccine
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Emory University (US), Georgia State University (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Combination influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) VLP vaccine that uses influenza virus-like particles (VLP) incorporated by protein transfer with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored SARS-CoV-2 RBD fused to GM-CSF as an adjuvant
Bommireddy 2022 (PMID: 35746552)
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IA-SNBs
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NIAID (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
HA complexes arranged as lipid discs with multiple trimeric HAs displayed along the perimeter, termed spike nanobicelles (SNB), used to synthesize in vitro assembled spiked nanobicelles (IA-SNB) from a classical 1934 H1N1 influenza virus.
Myers 2024 (PMID: 39372767) (Preprint)
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IAV NP mRNA/DDO268
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Washington University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Viral-derived oligonucleotides (DDO) adjuvanted mRNA vaccine encoding the IAV NP
Gnazzo 2024 (PMID: 39553933)
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IAV-nanovax
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University of Iowa (US), Iowa State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Combination nanovaccine platform based on pentablock copolymer micelles and polyanhydride nanoparticles, incorporating the hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) antigens from H1N1; aimed at boosting cell-mediated immune responses.
Status: Active
Lopez 2024 (PMID: 38822003)
Ross 2019 (PMID: 30663733)
Zacharias 2018 (PMID: 30233573)
Grant Summary
NIH Funding
Patent
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Influenza B mHA mRNA-LNPs
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Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Influenza B mosaic HA (mHA), containing only the immunodominant HA head epitopes, delivered via nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP).
González-Domínguez 2026
More detail+
Inverted HA (VLP-HA
inv
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
A VLP nanoparticle that displays multiple copies of an antigen binding fragment (Fab) which recognizes the apex of the HA head causing the subsequent binding of HA to result in its presentation in an inverted orientation.
Biswas 2025 (PMID: 41184296)
Frey 2023 (PMID: 36689343)
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ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted SDAD protein nanoparticles
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Georgia State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
A core/shell protein nanoparticle consisting of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) as the core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins as the coating antigens by SDAD hetero-bifunctional crosslinking boosted by immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs)/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvants
Zhu 2023 (PMID: 37162451)
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LBL HA-4M2e NPs
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Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Chimeric tetramer M2e antigen nanoparticles conjugated to HA antigen, then coated layer-by-layer (LBL) with alternating layers of cationic chitosan and anionic CpG adjuvants, administered intranasally
Park 2025 (PMID: 39954231)
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LHNVD-105/110
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Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
An unconjugated multiepitope composite peptide vaccine including conserved peptides from the HA, NA, and matrix (M1, M2, M2e) proteins combined with a T-cell epitope, formulated with the ALFQ (Army liposomal formulation with QS21) adjuvant.
Rikhi 2025 (Preprint)
Rikhi 2025
Rikhi 2023 (PMID: 37766144)
Kroscher 2022
Sei 2021 (PMID: 34202178)
Sei 2018
News Story 11-5-2024
Press Release 4-27-2024
Press Release 9-27-2023
Press Release 10-24-2022
Patent: Composite antigenic sequences and vaccines
Developer Website: Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics
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LPP-HNH mRNA
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China CDC (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A multi-antigen influenza mRNA vaccine, LPP-HNH mRNA, coding headless hemagglutinin (HA stem) and neuraminidase (NA) with three optimized sequences (HNH-ORI, HNH-E1 or HNH-E2) and delivered by lipopolyplex (LPP).
Wang 2026 (PMID: 41503581)
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M2 peptide micelles
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University of Missouri (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Immunostimulatory micellar nanoparticles generated from M22–16 peptides by lipid conjugation
Schulte 2024 (PMID: 39598414)
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M2e based recombinant fusion proteins
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Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Recombinant plant-produced protein (Flg4M2eHA2-1) based on the combination of 4 tandem copies of M2e and conserved fragments of HA2, fused to bacterial flagellin containing CD8+ epitopes of NP as an adjuvant for mucosal immunization; administered intranasally.
Shuklina 2024 (PMID: 39452110)
Stepanova 2022 (PMID: 36560509)
Blokhina 2020 (PMID: 32013187)
Tsybalova 2018 (PMID: 30138320)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29631629)
Stepanova 2018 (PMID: 29713522)
Mardanova 2016 (PMID: 26710263)
Mardanova 2015 (PMID: 26022390)
Stepanova 2015 (PMID: 25799221)
More detail+
M2e nanoparticles
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Texas Tech University (US), North Carolina State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Two nanoparticle designs, either cross-linked nanoclusters (NCs) or gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), both targeting the M2e antigen and include the soluble CpG adjuvant (sCpG); administered using various delivery methods, including: dental floss (oral mucosa), microneedle (transdermal), IN, and IM.
Status: Active
Ingrole 2025 (PMID: 40696115)
Wilks 2024 (PMID: 38623820)
Nesovic 2023 (PMID: 37455612)
Wilks 2022 (PMID: 36346898)
Wilks 2021 (PMID: 34432416)
Ingrole 2021 (PMID: 34301431)
Bimler 2019 (PMID: 31507643)
Tao 2017 (PMID: 28161578)
Tao 2015 (PMID: 25842219)
Tao 2014 (PMID: 23829488)
NIH Funding
More detail+
M2e nanovaccine
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University of Quebec at Montreal (Canada)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Multicomponent nanovaccine based on a fragment (R4R5) of the Curli-specific gene A (CsgA) protein; composed of cross-β-sheet nanofilaments exposing the conserved M2e epitope from the influenza virus; aimed at inducing a protective M2e-specific immune response.
St-Louis 2024 (PMID: 38461047)
Bricha 2023 (PMID: 37200051)
Zottig 2021 (PMID: 33476893)
Al-Halifa 2020 (PMID: 33036404)
More detail+
M2e VLP
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Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), VA Pharma (Russia)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Phase 1
Recombinant VLPs displaying multiple copies of M2e aimed at inducing M2e-antibody responses.
(Formerly: HBc-4M2eh (Uniflu))
Blokhina 2024 (PMID: 39599916)
Vasyagin 2024 (PMID: 39340063)
Mezhenskaya 2019 (PMID: 31629405)
Tsybalova 2015 (PMID: 25976545)
Ravin 2015 (PMID: 25937448)
Ravin 2012 (PMID: 22339631)
NCT03789539 (P1)
More detail+
M2e VLP MP
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Mercer University (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Adjuvanted M2e based VLP encapsulated into a micro particulate matrix
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37445784)
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 36146733)
Braz Gomes 2022 (PMID: 35304243)
Braz Gomes 2021 (PMID: 34835255)
More detail+
M2e-H3 stalk
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Chimeric M2e and H3 hemagglutinin (HA) stalk protein vaccine engineered by genetically linking M2e repeat to the engineered H3 stalk domain with stabilizing HA1 N- and C-terminal region and point mutations
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Subbiah 2022 (PMID: 35768475)
Press release 8-1-2022
Press release 7-1-2022
Patent: Recombinant Subunit Based Universal Influenza and Respiratory Virus Vaccines
More detail+
M2e/CpG-ODN/TMC
More detail+
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Iran)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Nasal vaccination with the M2e/CpG-ODN antigen encapsulated in N-Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles
Taghizadeh 2022 (PMID: 37274902)
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M2e/NP Dual Epitope-Displaying Nanoparticles
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Guangzhou Medical University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
A modular vaccine strategy pairing a clinical-stage adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine (SCVC101) with OMN, a heptameric nanoparticle displaying conserved influenza A virus T-cell epitopes from nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e)
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40333315)
More detail+
M2SR
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), FluGen (US)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 2
Novel single-replication (SR) platform for influenza A or B virus based on an otherwise wild-type influenza virus that does not express the M2 ion channel protein (M2-deficient); administered intranasally; aimed at eliciting cross-reactive antibodies against conserved HA stem and systemic and mucosal immune responses that block virus replication in the lung and provide cross-lineage protection against influenza virus. Quad M2SR, a quadrivalent form of this vaccine candidate, is currently in preclinical development.
Note: Preclinical development of a combined bivalent influenza/SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is underway
Hill-Batorski 2024
Moser 2023
Press Release 3-3-2023
Press Release 3-3-2023
Hatta 2024 (PMID: 39591131)
Hill-Batorski 2024 (PMID: 39012796)
Sambhara 2024 (PMID: 39004095)
Eiden 2024 (PMID: 39004096)
Hill-Batorski 2023 (PMID: 37112710)
Eiden 2023 (PMID: 36350017)
Sarawar 2022 (PMID: 36560540)
Eiden 2022 (PMID: 34323977)
Eiden 2021 (PMID: 34960134)
Moser 2019 (PMID: 31280945)
Hatta 2018 (PMID: 30007825)
Hatta 2017 (PMID: 28668565)
Sarawar 2016 (PMID: 27595896)
Hatta 2011 (PMID: 21272601)
Watanabe 2009 (PMID: 19321619)
News story 8-15-2024
Press Release 7-12-2024
News story 10-3-2022
Press release 11-9-2022
Press release 9-7-2022
Press Release 8-1-2022
Press Release 7-27-2022
Press release 6-22-2022
Press release 8-2-2021
Press Release 7-1-2021
Press release 5-25-2021
Press Release 8-28-2019
EudraCT 2017-004971-30 (P2a)
NCT04960397 (P1b- Terminated)
NCT05163847 (P1b)
NCT04785794 (P1b)
NCT03553940 (P1)
NCT03999554 (P1)
NCT02822105 (P1)
Developer website
More detail+
MAV-1 HA
More detail+
University of Liège (Belgium)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Recombinant mouse adenovirus (AdV) type 1 (MAV-1) expressing the HA of PR8, administered orally
Goffin 2023 (PMID: 37338377)
More detail+
mCOMBRIAX (mRNA-1083)
More detail+
Moderna (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Approved
An mRNA-based influenza and COVID-19 vaccine containing mRNA molecules that encode the full-length, membrane-bound haemagglutinin glycoproteins of seasonal influenza virus types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B (Victoria lineage), as well as parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, namely the membrane-bound, linked N-terminal domain and the receptor-binding domain. mRNA-1083 comprises components of mRNA-1010, Moderna's next-generation vaccine candidate for seasonal influenza, and mRNA-1283, Moderna's next-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate. mRNA-1073, which was the first-generation combination vaccine and is now inactive, combined mRNA-1010 and Moderna's licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1273 (Spikevax).
(Formerly: mRNA-1073 and mRNA-1083)
Location of Approval:
European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
Rudman Spergel 2026 (PMID: 41627968)
Othman 2025 (PMID: 41047808)
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40332892)
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40102593)
NCT06694389 (P3)
NCT06097273 (P3)
NCT06864143 (P2)
NCT06508320 (P2)
NCT05827926 (P1/2)
NCT05375838 (P1/2)
Press Release 4-21-2026
Press Release 2-27-2026
News Story 2-27-2026
Press Release 11-6-2025
Press release 8-1-2025
Press release 5-21-2025
News story 5-7-2025
News story 5-2-2025
News story 5-1-2025
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press Release 2-14-2025
Press release 1-13-2025
Press release 8-1-2024
Press Release 6-10-2024
Press Release 5-2-2024
Press Release 3-27-2024
Press Release 1-8-2024
News Story 10-26-2023
Press Release 10-24-2023
Press release 10-4-2023
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
News Story 9-10-2021
Press Release 9-9-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2026
Moderna Presentation Nov 2025
Moderna Presentation Oct 2025
Moderna Presentation May 2025
Moderna Presentation Apr 2025
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Presentation Sep 2024
Moderna Presentation Jan 2024
Moderna Presentation Nov 2021
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Opinion
Developer Website: Moderna
More detail+
mHAs
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA vaccine (mHAs) encoding the HA stem antigen of the influenza A (H1N1) virus.
Li 2023 (PMID: 38817814)
More detail+
Micro-consensus DNA vaccine
More detail+
Wistar Institute (US), Inovio Pharmaceuticals (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
Synthetic microconsensus DNA platform based on 4 plasmid-encoding microconsensus H1 and H3 HA antigens, each containing a limited consensus sequence based on analysis of a subset of primary sequences of H1 and H3 HA antigens; aimed at inducing protective levels of HAI titers to diverse isolates of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza; delivered by intradermal/intramuscular electroporation (EP); aimed at eliciting antibody and T-cell responses.
Xu 2020 (PMID: 32328416)
Yan 2018 (PMID: 29100705)
Elliott 2018 (PMID: 30062926)
Yan 2014 (PMID: 24631084)
Kichaev 2013 (PMID: 23954979)
NCT01587131 (P1)
NCT01405885 (P1)
NCT01403155 (P1)
NCT01184976 (P1)
NCT01142362 (P1)
Developer website: Wistar Institute
Developer website: Inovio Pharmaceuticals
More detail+
Mini-HA-LS Nano-vaccine
More detail+
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Mini-HA proteins expressed on lumazine synthase (LS) nanoparticles by SpyTag/SpyCatcher aimed at eliciting potent immune responses
Zhu 2022 (PMID: 36175214)
More detail+
Mini‐HA subunit
More detail+
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
The conserved protein HA stem (MiniHA) combined with the CTA1‐DD adjuvant to develop a novel mucosal vaccine
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40985326)
More detail+
MLN-mRNA
More detail+
Shanghai Institute of Biological Products (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A novel mRNA-based multiantigen influenza vaccine based on a single mRNA molecule with a tandem of three conserved antigens of influenza A virus, including the ectodomain of the M2 ion channel (M2e), the long alpha helix of haemagglutinin stalk region (LAH), and nucleoprotein (NP)
Xiong 2023 (PMID: 37671994)
More detail+
MoBV
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Mosaic live attenuated influenza B vaccine (MoBV) created using mosaic hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens designed to maximize T-cell epitope coverage, and incorporated into a nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) platform using plasmid-based reverse genetics
Han 2025 (PMID: 41097933)
More detail+
Modified mRNA vaccine
More detail+
Pfizer (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 3
Next generation mRNA seasonal influenza vaccine encoding WHO recommended strain
El Sahly 2025 (PMID: 41259761)
Lindert 2025 (PMID: 41259791)
Fitz‐Patrick 2025 (PMID: 41259756)
Branche 2025 (PMID: 40333267)
Hauguel 2024 (PMID: 39375384)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Abbasi 2021 (PMID: 34751730)
Press Release 8-16-2024
Press Release 10-31-2023
Press Release 9-14-2022
Press Release 9-14-2022
Press Release 9-27-2021
Press Release 8-16-2018
NCT05540522 (P3)
NCT06436703 (P2)
ISRCTN13559330 (P2a)
ISRCTN13789612 (P2a)
NCT07431853 (P2)
NCT05052697 (P1/2)
Pfizer Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Teleconference
Developer website: Pfizer
More detail+
modRNA-based combination
More detail+
Pfizer (US), BioNTech (Germany)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 3
Combination mRNA SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccine containing mRNA strains encoding the wild-type spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the spike protein of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants as well as mRNA strands encoding the hemagglutinin of four different influenza strains
Anderer 2024 (PMID: 39269723)
NCT06178991 (P3)
NCT06683352 (P1/2)
NCT05596734 (P1/2)
NCT06821061 (P1/2)
Press Release 11-4-2024
Press Release 8-16-2024
Press Release 5-6-2024
Press Release 3-20-2024
Press Release 10-31-2023
Press Release 10-26-2023
Press Release 12-9-2022
Press Release 11-3-2022
Developer Website: Pfizer
Developer Website: BioNTech
More detail+
Monovalent rNA
More detail+
Sanofi (France)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
A rNA monovalent protein vaccine candidate vaccine that uses tetramer conformation to enable stability for at least 24-months at refrigerated (5°C) storage.
Li 2024 (PMID: 38497413)
More detail+
Mosaic HA LAIV
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Six internal genes of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) synthesized as the backbone and reassorted with full-length mosaic HA and NA genes; administered intranasally.
Ma 2025 (PMID: 41409094)
Yang 2025 (PMID: 40997376)
More detail+
Mosaic HA-based whole inactivated virus
More detail+
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Beta-propiolactone (BPL)-inactivated whole influenza B virus (WIV) vaccine displaying mosaic HA (mHA) proteins to redirect the immune response towards the immuno-subdominant conserved epitopes of the HA.
González-Domínguez 2024 (PMID: 39551795)
Liu 2021 (PMID: 34603333)
More detail+
Mosaic inverted HA-EVs
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Displays multiple HAs from both human and avian influenza viruses on their surfaces in an inverted orientation, partially shielding the immunodominant HA head while preserving and exposing the HA stalk domain; aimed at eliciting cross-reactive HA-stalk and virus-specific antibody and cellular immune responses.
Zhu 2026 (PMID: 41920585)
Nejabat 2025 (PMID: 39862863)
Zhu 2024 (PMID: 39741410)
News Story 4-7-2026
More detail+
Mosaic NA1 (mNA1)
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
A series of genetic algorithm-based mosaic NA1 (mNA1) designed, then cloned into recombinant DNA and replication-defective
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
(VSV) vector
Han 2024 (PMID: 39117282)
More detail+
Mosaic VLPs
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
An HA and NA mosaic immunogen cocktail containing a broad range of epitopes targeting both IAV and IBV expressed as virus-like particles (VLPs)
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39970593)
Liu 2023 (PMID: 37679361)
More detail+
Mosaic nucleoprotein (MNP)
More detail+
University of Wisconsin (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
A mosaic nucleoprotein (MNP) created by synthesizing a sequence that maximized the representation of 9-mer epitopes from 7422 NP sequences across human, swine, and avian IAVs; administered intranasally with combination adjuvant consisting of Adjuplex (ADJ; carbomer-based adjuvant) and glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA; TLR-4 agonist).
Park 2025 (PMID: 39898643)
More detail+
mRNA Flu/COVID-19 combination vaccine
More detail+
GSK (UK)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
Combination mRNA Flu/COVID-19 vaccine with flu portion targeting multiple strains of the flu virus and the COVID-19 part focusing on the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
NCT06680375 (P1/2)
NCT07464314 (P1)
Press Release 12-18-2025
Press Release 6-12-2025
Press Release 4-10-2025
Press Release 7-3-2024
Developer website: GSK
More detail+
mRNA LNP prime and intranasal PHC boost
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Heterologous sequential mRNA LNP priming followed by intranasal protein nanoparticle boosting immunization to confer optimal cross-protection against antigenically drifted and shifted influenza strains.
See also Georgia State University’s, HA/GP nanoparticles and cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent mRNA vaccines
Dong 2024 (PMID: 38987276)
More detail+
mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of North Carolina (US), University of Georgia (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
mRNA LNP vaccine encoding a Y2 COBRA HA immunogen, which is based on a full length HA consensus sequence; adjuvanted with acetlyated dextran microparticles (Ace-DEX MPs) encapsulating a STING agonist.
Hendy 2024 (PMID: 38844178)
More detail+
mRNA-1010
More detail+
Moderna (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 3
Modified mRNA-based lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate
mRNA-1010
(in phase 3), a quadrivalent formulation with HA antigens from four seasonal influenza strains (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Yamagata- and B/Victoria-lineages)
Henry 2026 (PMID: 41535296)
Kaplonek 2025 (PMID: 41398408)
Othman 2025 (PMID: 41047808)
Fierro 2025 (PMID: 40276503)
Kandinov 2025 (PMID: 40174609)
Soens 2025 (PMID: 39919447)
Ananworanich 2025 (PMID: 38934845)
Matz 2024 (PMID: 39416092) (Preprint)
Lee 2023 (PMID: 37336877)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
NCT06602024 (P3)
NCT05827978 (P3)
NCT05566639 / EudraCT 2022-001638-12 (P3)
NCT05415462 (P3)
NCT05606965 (P2)
NCT05868382 (P2)
NCT04956575 (P1/2)
NCT05397223 (P1)
NCT03076385 (P1)
NCT03345043 (P1)
Press Release 4-6-2026
Press Release 2-18-2026
Press Release 2-10-2026
Press Release 1-5-2026
Press Release 11-6-2025
Press Release 10-19-2025
Press Release 8-1-2025
Press Release 6-30-2025
Press Release 5-1-2025
Press Release 2-14-2025
Press Release 1-13-2025
Press release 8-1-2024
Press Release 5-2-2024
Press Release 3-27-2024
Press Release 1-8-2024
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 8-3-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Press Release 7-7-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2026
Moderna Presentation Nov 2025
Moderna Presentation Oct 23, 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ID Week)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Poster Oct 2025 (ESWI)
Moderna Presentation Oct 20, 2025 (ID Week)
Moderna Presentation May 2025
Moderna Presentation Mar 19, 2025
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Presentation Sep 2024
Moderna Presentation Jan 2024
Moderna Presentation 2022
Developer website: Moderna
Patent: Influenza Vaccine
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
More detail+
mRNA-1011 and mRNA-1012
More detail+
Moderna (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
Modified mRNA lipid nanoparticles
mRNA-1011/1012
which are seasonal penta-/hexa-valent vaccine candidates that includes more HA antigens (e.g. H3, H1) to expand strain matching
Isakova-Sivak 2025 (PMID: 39245056)
Hsu 2024 (PMID: 39245055)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Moderna Poster 2024
NCT05827068 (P1/2)
Developer Website
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
More detail+
mRNA-1020 and mRNA-1030
More detail+
Moderna (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
Modified mRNA lipid nanoparticles encoding HA and NA antigens of targeting both the HA and NA surface glycoproteins of four subtypes/lineages of seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata) at different HA:NA ratios.
Rudman Spergel 2025 (PMID: 40595624)
Bahl 2022 (PMID: 35921837)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
Feldman 2019 (PMID: 31079849)
Bahl 2017 (PMID: 28457665)
Liang 2017 (PMID: 28958578)
Lindgren 2017 (PMID: 29181005)
NCT05333289 (P1/2)
Developer website
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 4-11-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Patent: Broad Spectrum Influenza Virus Vaccine
More detail+
mRNA-1230
More detail+
Moderna (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
Multi-component mRNA SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine administered intramuscularly.
NCT05585632 (P1)
Press Release 9-13-2023
Press Release 5-4-2023
Press Release 4-11-2023
Press Release 2-16-2023
Press Release 9-8-2022
Press Release 6-7-2022
Press Release 3-24-2022
Press Release 3-22-2022
Press Release 12-10-2021
Moderna Presentation Jan 2025
Developer Website
More detail+
mRNA-Flu
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National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Netherlands)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP encoding three conserved internal proteins of H1N1 influenza virus, NP, M1, and PB1
van de Ven 2022 (PMID: 36516261)
More detail+
mRNA-Vector-Flu
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State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Russia)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Lyophilized naked mRNA vaccine against seasonal influenza encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) of the A/Wisconsin/67/2022(H1N1)pdm09, A/Darwin/9/2021(H3N2), and B/Austria/1359417/2021 strains; administered via a needle-free jet injection (JI) system
Sharabrin 2026 (PMID: 41600972)
More detail+
mRNA/LNP vaccine
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Merck & Co. (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
LNP-encapsulated chemically modified mRNA vaccines encoding various forms of influenza antigens
Flynn 2022 (PMID: 35680500)
Developer Website: Merck
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Multi-epitope mRNA-based vaccines (MH, MH-T, and MH-TF)
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Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Self-assembled mRNA-based multi-epitope influenza vaccine, which combines three conserved antigens derived from the influenza A virus (M2 ion channel’s extracellular domain (M2e), the conserved epitope of located in HA2 of hemagglutinin (H1, H3, B), and HA1 of hemagglutinin)
Di 2024 (PMID: 39445022)
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Multimeric-001 (M-001)
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BiondVax Pharmaceuticals (Israel)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 3
A single recombinant protein of 9 conserved M1, NP, and HA epitopes; aimed at inducing T cell responses and enhanced B-cell responses to circulating and novel strains.
Atmar 2023 (PMID: 36941155)
Phillipson 2019 (PMID: 35174313)
Lowell 2017 (PMID: 28065476)
Van Doorn 2017 (PMID: 28296763)
Astmon 2014 (PMID: 25173483)
Gottlieb 2014 (PMID: 25172355)
Astmon 2012 (PMID: 22318394)
NCT03450915 (P3)
NCT03058692 (P2)
NCT02691130 (P2b)
NCT02293317 (P2)
NCT01419925 (P2)
NCT01146119 (P2)
NCT01010737 (P1/2)
NCT00877448 (P1/2)
Press Release 10-23-2020
Developer website: Now known as Scinai Immunotherapeutics
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Multiple HA-DNA
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University of Oslo (Norway)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
DNA-encoded vaccine proteins targeting APCs; uses either the ectodomain of NA as an antigen, or HA genes from 16 different HAs representing nearly all of the different HA subtypes (except H1 and H7), or from all 18 subtypes, and inserts them into a DNA vaccine format; or co-delivery of a mixture of plasmids in such a way that both APC targeting and bivalency is maintained for both HA and NA; aimed at inducing NA immunity and delivery of the HA protein antigens to MHC class II molecules on APCs.
Werninghaus 2026 (PMID: 41764724)
Anderson 2026 (PMID: 41568167)
Hinke 2024 (PMID: 38346952)
Schneider 2023 (PMID: 37201525)
Werninghaus 2023 (PMID: 36926694)
Andersen 2021 (PMID: 34691056)
Grodeland 2020 (PMID: 32269566)
Braathen 2020 (PMID: 32128342)
Anderson 2018 (PMID: 29427414)
More detail+
Multivalent DNA nanovaccine
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Taizhou University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
pβH7N2SH9/DGL NPs developed by encapsulating the pβH7N2SH9 within the dendrigraft poly-l-lysines nanoparticles
Xu 2023 (PMID: 37579904)
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Multivalent Modified mRNA
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GSK (UK)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
An mRNA-based modified, multivalent construct including the 4 WHO recommended influenza strain antigens. Other formulations include a monovalent mRNA influenza vaccine encoding influenza A/H1N1 HA.
Leroux-Roels 2026 (PMID: 41701031)
Lutz 2017 (PMID: 29263884)
Kallen 2013 (PMID: 23921513)
Petsch 2012 (PMID: 23159882)
NCT07204964 / EUCT 2025-522599-97-00 (P2)
NCT07121192 (P2a)
NCT06431607 (P2a)
NCT05823974 (P1/2)
NCT05446740 (P1)
NCT05252338 (P1)
Press Release 12-18-2025
Press Release 6-12-2025
Press Release 11-12-2024
Press Release 9-12-2024
News story 9-12-2024
Press Release 7-3-2024
Press Release 4-4-2024
Press Release 11-1-2023
Press Release 9-12-2023
Press Release 5-8-2023
Press Release 4-25-2023
Press Release 1-30-2023
Press Release 2-10-2022
GSK presentation 2024
GSK Presentation 2023
Patent: Influenza mRNA Vaccines
Developer website: GSK
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MVA-NP
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German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) (Germany)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Recombinant MVA candidate vaccines that deliver the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV under the transcriptional control of five newly designed chimeric poxviral promoters to further increase the immunogenic properties of the recombinant viruses (MVA-NP)
Langenmayer 2023 (PMID: 37513714)
More detail+
MVA-NP+M1 (VTP-100)
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Barinthus Biotherapeutics (UK)
Virus-vectored
Phase 2
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)–vectored construct expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and M1 protein (MVA-NP+M1); targets T cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix 1 core proteins of the influenza virus; co-administered with licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine.
Evans 2024 (PMID: 38729196)
Evans 2022 (PMID: 35305317)
Valkenburg 2022 (PMID: 35305315)
Butler 2021 (PMID: 34451976)
Puksuriwong 2020 (PMID: 31740938)
Swayze 2019 (PMID: 32089822)
Folegatti 2019 (PMID: 30909516)
Mullin 2016 (PMID: 26902548)
Antrobus 2014 (PMID: 23831594)
Mullarkey 2013 (PMID: 23589155)
Powell 2013 (PMID: 23658773)
Lillie 2012 (PMID: 22441650)
Antrobus 2012 (PMID: 23118984)
Berthoud 2011 (PMID: 21148512)
Press Release 1-31-2020
Press Release 11-25-2019
NCT03883113 (P2)
NCT03880474 (P2b- Terminated)
NCT03300362 (P2b- Terminated)
NCT00993083 (P2a)
NCT03277456 (P1)
NCT02014168 (P1- Terminated)
NCT01465035 (P1)
NCT00942071 (P1)
Developer website: formerly known as Vaccitech
More detail+
N1 VLPs
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Kyung Hee University (S Korea)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the N1 antigen of influenza A(H1N1) virus, observed to confer heterologous protection against influenza B/Victoria challenge in preclinical studies.
Eom 2026 (PMID: 41923692)
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N1*N2BN + LTB(TT)-HCA2
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National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Trivalent recombinant NA proteins  (N1*, N2 and BN) combined with the mucosal adjuvant LTB(TT) fused with universally conserved HCA2 sequences; administered intranasally as a prime-boost
Hung 2026 (PMID: 41855645)
More detail+
N1-I COBRA NA antigen
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CIVICs, NIAID (US), Georgia State University (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
COBRA (computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens) generated N1-I NA vaccine designed to cross react with avian, swine and human influenza viruses of N1 NA subtype.
Skarlupka 2023 (PMID: 36680224)
Skarlupka 2021 (PMID: 34160258)
More detail+
N2-VLPs
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University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) (Austria)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
VLPs generated in insect cells, that are based on self-assembly and budding of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gag protein, and display N2 NA on their surface
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 39197219)
Guzman Ruiz 2024 (PMID: 38915410)
More detail+
NA-F2A-HA mRNA-LNP
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Duke University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
An mRNA vaccine platform that delivers NA and HA as a single open reading frame (ORF) to enable expression of multiple unmodified antigens from a single mRNA, using a unique glycoprotein organization with an artificial furin cleavage site and 2A ribosome-skipping sequences.
Leonard 2024 (PMID: 39379405)
More detail+
NA-M2e VLP
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Georgia State University (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
A virus-like particle vaccine containing multi-subtype NA and M2e repeat (NA-M2e) combined with inactivated split seasonal influenza vaccine, aimed at enhancing immunity against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses.
(Formerly: m-cNA-M2e VLP)
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40339180)
Raha 2025 (PMID: 40139072)
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38685171)
Raha 2024 (PMID: 38561077)
Feranmi 2022 (PMID: 36252577)
Kim 2022 (PMID: 36006890)
Press release 8-25-2022
More detail+
NA-Mi3 nanoparticles
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Utrecht University (Netherlands), Ghent University (Belgium)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Soluble tetrameric NA antigens of the N1 and N2 subtypes conjugated to Mi3 self-assembling protein nanoparticles using the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system.
Pascha 2024 (PMID: 38821988)
Catani 2022 (PMID: 35087067)
Creytens 2021 (PMID: 34868073)
Job 2018 (PMID: 30510776)
More detail+
NA-targeting circRNA vaccine
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Sun Yat-sen University (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines containing N1, N2, and influenza B virus NA antigens to elicit broad-spectrum NA immunity against heterologous influenza
Yue 2024 (PMID: 39285168)
More detail+
NA-VLPs
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King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thailand)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Recombinant NA protein synthesized and assembled into VLPs, aimed at inducing anti-NA antibodies
Khanefard 2022 (PMID: 35704162)
More detail+
NA2 VLP
More detail+
Auburn University (US), Emory-UGA CEIRS (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Vaccine containing the NA protein from A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) and the matrix 1 (M1) protein from A/MI/73/2015, formulated with a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant
Pliasas 2022 (PMID: 35874791)
Menne 2021 (PMID: 34375782)
More detail+
NAe-HA and M2e-HA
More detail+
Georgia State University (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Inactivated, replication-competent recombinant influenza virus expressing chimeric HA molecules with a conserved NA epitope (NAe) or conserved matrix protein (M2e) or chimeric 4xM2e-HA fusion proteins with 4M2e epitopes inserted into the H3 HA N-terminus; aimed at inducing antibody responses to conserved epitopes for heterosubtypic immunity.
Oh 2022 (PMID: 35914365)
Park 2022 (PMID: 34929590)
Park 2021 (PMID: 33603072)
Kim 2020 (PMID: 32882637)
Kim 2017 (PMID: 29107058)
More detail+
Nano-Flu (tNIV)
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Novavax (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 3
Recombinant
Spodoptera frugiperda
(Sf9) insect cell or baculovirus system-derived,  trivalent haemagglutinin (HA) nanoparticle influenza vaccine (NIV), formulated with a saponin-based adjuvant, Matrix-M™ (tNIV).
Status per pipeline
: "Available for partnership; no current investment"
Fix 2026 (PMID: 41814863)
Vincent 2024 (PMID: 39597746)
Shinde 2022 (PMID: 34563277)
Isakova-Sivak 2022 (PMID: 34563276)
Abbasi 2021 (PMID: 34751731)
Shinde 2021 (PMID: 33146720)
Portnoff 2020 (PMID: 32098409)
Shinde 2018 (PMID: 29897849)
Smith 2017 (PMID: 28844407)
NCT06485752 (P3- Withdrawn)
NCT04120194 (P3)
CTRI/2025/10/095731 (P2/3)
NCT03658629 (P2- Terminated)
NCT03293498 (P1/2)
Press release 8-6-2025
Press Release 6-11-2025
Press Release 12-10-2024
Press Release 11-11-2024
Press Release 10-16-2024
Press Release 8-8-2024
Press Release 5-9-2023
Press Release 9-23-2021
Press Release 5-10-2021
Press Release 10-13-2020
Press Release 5-6-2020
Press Release 3-24-2020
Press Release 2-25-2020
Press Release 1-15-2020
News Story 5-9-2023
Novavax Presentation Jan 2026
Novavax presentation Nov 2025
Novavax Pipeline (Jan 2026)
Developer website: Novavax
More detail+
NasoVAX
More detail+
Altimmune (US)
Virus-vectored
Phase 2
Replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 construct designed to express influenza HA (H1) in nasal epithelial cells; administered as a nasal spray.
Tasker 2021 (PMID: 33807649)
Tasker 2018 (PMCID: PMC6253025)
Zhang 2011 (PMID: 21818346)
NCT03760549 (Observational)
NCT03232567 (P2a)
News Release 3-20-2019
Developer website
More detail+
NM2e@DDAB/PLA nanovaccine
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Fusion protein expressing the extracellular domain of matrix 2 (M2e) and nucleoprotein, NM2e, adjuvanted with a cationic solid lipid nanoadjuvant fabricated using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB), to generate an NM2e@DDAB/PLA nanovaccine (Nv).
Gao 2024 (PMID: 38721835)
More detail+
Novel H5 Central Antigen mRNA-LNP
More detail+
NIAID (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
A nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding a stabilized, antigenically central HA from influenza A(H5), based on A/Anhui/1/2005 (clade 2.3.4) with substitutions 222QL, 224GS, 156TA, and 134TA. The 2119-nt mRNA is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for intramuscular delivery.
Kok 2025 (PMID: 41094140)
NCT07019883 (P1)
More detail+
NP
mut
-3M2e-T4 VLP
More detail+
Huazhong Agricultural University (China)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
T4 VLP construct displaying three tandem copies of M2e from human, swine and avian influenza; aimed at inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses.
Formerly: T4-M2e VLP
Guo 2026 (PMID: 41850463)
Li 2023 (PMID: 37516153)
Li 2021 (PMID: 34712234)
More detail+
NS1-truncated influenza viruses
More detail+
Russian Ministry of Health (Russia)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein, that are unable to antagonise the innate immune response; administered intranasally
Shamakova 2025
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
More detail+
Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine
More detail+
Duke University (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Cocktail approach to DNA vaccination consisting of two DNAs encoding viral hemagglutinin (HA) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF), respectively
Wang 2025 (PMID: 40248361)
More detail+
Octavalent influenza vaccines
More detail+
Ghent University (Belgium), Sanofi (France)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Octavalent formulations (four HAs and four NAs) delivered as either: (1) mRNA-LNPs encoding full length HA and NA antigens, or (2) AF03-adjuvanted recombinant proteins
Catani 2026 (PMID: 41571650)
More detail+
OMV-M2e
More detail+
Cornell University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Recombinant TLR2-active outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that carry sequences of the M2e protein (OMV-M2e)
Kannan 2024 (PMID: 39066362)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
More detail+
OVX836
More detail+
Osivax (France)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Phase 2
Self-assembling nanoparticle with multiple copies of full-length NP antigens; aimed at stimulating antibodies, cytotoxic T cells, and T helper cells.
Groth 2025 (PMID: 40573889)
Jacobs 2024 (PMID: 39772052)
Isakova-Sivak 2023 (PMID: 37517421)
Leroux-Roels 2023 (PMID: 37517422)
Withanage 2022 (PMID: 34653245)
Leroux-Roels 2022 (PMID: 35464450)
Del Campo 2021 (PMID: 34177921)
Horizon 2020
Del Campo 2019 (PMID: 30701093)
NCT06582277 (P2a)
NCT05569239 (P2b)
NCT05734040 (P2a)
NCT05284799 (P2a)
NCT05060887 / EudraCT 2021-002535-39 (P2a)
NCT04192500 (P2a)
NCT05184387 (Observational)
NCT03594890 (P1)
Press Release 4-7-2026
Press Release 12-9-2025
Press Release 9-16-2025
Press Release 8-26-2025
Press Release 7-10-2025
Press Release 6-5-2025
Press release 3-4-2025
Press Release 11-14-2024
Press Release 9-10-2024
Press Release 3-26-2024
Press Release 12-5-2023
Press Release 7-28-2023
Press Release 6-15-2023
Press Release 3-28-2023
Press Release 12-21-2022
Press Release 9-1-2022
Press Release 6-23-2022
Press Release 5-25-2022
Press Release 5-17-2022
Press Release 4-21-2022
Press release 12-2-2021
Press release 9-10-2020
Press release 7-8-2020
Press release 4-9-2020
Press Release 1-21-2020
Press release 12-5-2019
Development update 12-5-2019
Developer website
European Commission Funding
More detail+
P125-H
More detail+
China CDC (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Multiple polypeptides derived from highly conserved regions of influenza virus proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix protein 2 (M2) linked using Ii-Key technology; administered via intraperitoneal injection with MF59 adjuvant
Zhao 2025 (PMID: 39852860)
More detail+
pABOL-formulated saRNA vaccine
More detail+
Imperial College London (UK)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Bioreducible cationic polymer, pABOL used for the delivery of a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine expressing either haemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 or H3N2 influenza virus in a prime boost regime
McKay 2022 (PMID: 35996628)
Blakney 2021 (PMID: 34418521)
More detail+
Pentameric M2e
More detail+
Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (India)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
A recombinant antigen comprising five tandem repeats of the M2e epitope (M2e-5x) fused to the tGCN4 domain, which promotes oligomerization and stability. Administered intramuscularly in a prime-boost regimen
Kumar 2026 (PMID: 41615147)
Samal 2021 (PMID: 33837741) (Correction)
Samal 2020 (PMID: 32817314)
More detail+
PLGA nanoparticles
More detail+
Sunway University (Malaysia)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Self-adjuvanting PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating six conserved peptides
Heng 2023 (PMID: 37344603)
More detail+
Polymeric particle-based nanovaccines
More detail+
Iowa State University (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Two influenza A polyanhydride particle- and pentablock copolymer-based nanovaccine formulations based on a  newly discovered equine influenza A H3N8 hemagglutinin antigen (A/equine/1/KY/91), a A/HK/1/68 nucleoprotein antigen, and a small molecule adjuvant; intended for intranasal or subcutaneous administration
Siddoway 2025 (PMID: 40706783)
More detail+
PR8HA-VLP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of Wisconsin (US), Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
VLP-based vaccine presenting multiple copies of the HA from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8HA-VLP)
Chiba 2024 (PMID: 39553436)
More detail+
Prime and HA
More detail+
Yale University (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Intranasal recombinant HA protein booster; used following intramuscular HA-encoding mRNA-LNP prime vaccine to elicit protective mucosal immune responses and confer sterilizing immunity against influenza virus infection.
Moriyama 2025 (PMID: 40991437)
More detail+
PROTAR
More detail+
Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
A library of live attenuated influenza vaccines created by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses. The PROTAR viruses were engineered to be attenuated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, which mediates viral protein degradation in conventional host cells, but allows efficient replication in engineered cell lines for large-scale manufacturing.
(Formerly: PROTAC)
Zhang 2025 (PMID: 39814992)
Shen 2025 (PMID: 39815008)
Si 2022 (PMID: 35788567)
Gilbertson 2022 (PMID: 35869290)
Li 2022 (PMID: 36281705)
Patent: Proteolysis-Targeting Virus, Live Vaccine Thereof, Preparation Method and Use Thereof
Patent: Recombinant Virus Containing Degron, Preparation Method Therefor, and Application Thereof
More detail+
pVACC-NPH1 and pVACC-NPH3 DNA vaccines
More detail+
Wistar Institute (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Synthetic DNA vaccine candidates encoding vaccine-aligned common consensus (VACC) immunogens designed to represent the immune diversity of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 virus NP proteins (pVACC-NPH1; pVACC-NPH3)
Gary 2025 (PMID: 41383614)
More detail+
Quadrivalent HA mRNA
More detail+
St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Quadrivalent mRNA vaccine encoding HA from four seasonal influenza viruses
Kackos 2023 (PMID: 37828126)
Developer website
More detail+
Quadrivalent VLP (QVLP)
More detail+
Medicago (Canada)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Phase 3
Nicotiana benthamiana plant-derived (Proficia®) HA-bearing quadrivalent virus-like particle (QVLP); aimed at stimulating antibody and cellular immune responses.
Alvarez 2022 (PMID: 35750356)
Hendin 2022 (PMID: 35410323)
Ward 2021 (PMID: 33581920)
Ward 2020 (PMID: 33065035)
Tregoning 2020 (PMID: 33065033)
Pillet 2019 (PMID: 31166987)
Hodgins 2019 (PMID: 31700523)
Won 2018 (PMID: 30448064)
Pillet 2016 (PMID: 26987887)
Press Release 2-3-2023
Press Release 10-1-2019
Press Release 06-2018
NCT03739112 / EudraCT 2018-001894-26 (P3)
NCT03301051 / EudraCT 2017-001239-38 (P3)
NCT03321968 (P3)
NCT04622592 (P1/2)
NCT02831751 (P2)
NCT02768805 (P2)
NCT02233816 (P2)
NCT02236052 (P2)
NCT01991587 (P1/2)
Developer website
More detail+
Quadrivalent VLPs
More detail+
National Health Research Institutes (Taiwan)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
An insect cell-based baculovirus expression system used to generate rBVs bearing influenza HA, NA, and M1 genes from four seasonal influenza vaccine strains which are used to produce insect cell-based VLPs as quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine candidates
Badruzzaman 2024 (PMID: 38932396)
More detail+
rAAV-COBRA
More detail+
St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (US)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Recombinant adenovirus-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA)-derived influenza H1 hemagglutinin (HA) with modestly enriched CpG motifs to evoke a robust and long-lasting immune response
Wiggins 2024 (PMID: 39078191)
More detail+
rAd-NP-M2e-GFP
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Packaged recombinant adenovirus rAd-NP-M2e-GFP expressing multiple copies of influenza virus conserved antigens NP and M2e and packaged empty vector adenovirus rAd-GFP
Lian 2024 (PMID: 38394888)
More detail+
rAd/NP + rAd/HA-M2e
More detail+
Ewha Womans University (Korea)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine that expresses influenza NP, HA, and M2e in a mixture of rAd/NP and rAd/HA-M2e administered intranasally or intramuscularly.
Kim 2024 (PMID: 38714444)
Kong 2023 (PMID: 37670808)
Chung 2021 (PMID: 34522441)
Kim 2019 (PMID: 30639307)
Lee 2019 (PMID: 30775351)
More detail+
rAd5-GFP-RBS
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Adenoviral vector-based influenza vaccine (rAd5-GFP-RBS) encoding a receptor-binding site (RBS)-focused HA antigen
Liu 2026 (PMID: 41713625)
More detail+
RAM-IGIP
More detail+
University of Georgia (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Attenuated MLV (modified live virus) vaccine, built by rearranging FLUAV genome segments and incorporating the IgA-inducing protein
Cáceres 2024 (PMID: 38328128) (Preprint)
More detail+
Reassortant LAIV with modified NS-1 and NP
More detail+
Institute of Experimental Medicine (Russia)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Reassortant LAIV expressing modified NP and NS1 genes aimed at inducing a robust T-cell response
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Stepanova 2021 (PMID: 33513862)
Isakova-Sivak 2019 (PMID: 31288422)
Isakova-Sivak 2018 (PMID: 29574336)
Korenkov 2018 (PMID: 29929009)
Korenkov 2018 (PMID: 29252117)
More detail+
Recombinant HA proteins
More detail+
University of Wisconsin (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Novel vaccine strategy involving introducing mutations into HA at amino acid positions at which Victoria- and Yamagata-lineage viruses differ, and selecting mutants that shared antigenic characteristics of both lineages, leading to the generation of ‘hybrid’ vaccine viruses with the potential to protect against both lineages.
Gu 2025 (PMID: 39774170)
More detail+
Recombinant Trivalent VLP
More detail+
Aramis Biotechnologies (Canada)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Phase 2
Plant-based seasonal recombinant trivalent TVLP influenza vaccine
NCT07291635 (P1/2)
Press Release 2-26-2026
Press Release 2-10-2026
Press Release 12-5-2024
Developer website: Aramis Biotechnologies
More detail+
rH5-NE
More detail+
University of Maryland (US), BlueWillow Biologics (US)
Recombinant proteins
Phase 1
An H5 (A/Indonesia/05/2005) recombinant HA glycoprotein vaccine (rH5) combined with an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant, administered intranasally in two doses 28 days apart, followed by an intramuscular boost with unadjuvanted inactivated A/H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004, clade 1) vaccine six months later
Deming 2025 (PMID: 41198655)
Smith 2019 (PMID: 31495593)
NCT05397119 (P1)
BlueWillow CEO Blog Post 1-29-2026
NIH Funding
Developer Website: BlueWillow Biologics
More detail+
rM2e-ΔPly
More detail+
Chongqing Medical University (China)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
A novel rM2e-ΔPly protein containing multiple M2e originated from different species of IAV expressed in
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Guo 2022 (PMID: 36306645)
More detail+
rMVA-k1-k2
More detail+
Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Russia)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Epitope-based vaccine against influenza based on modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector and using an algorithm to select epitopes from conserved fragments of the NP, M1 and HA proteins of influenza A and B
Mintaev 2022 (PMID: 35455283)
More detail+
rMVA-PE
More detail+
University of Veterinary Medicine (Germany)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
An artificial immunogen that comprises of twenty highly conserved influenza virus CD8 +T cell epitopes delivered using the highly attenuated viral vector Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)
Dam 2025 (PMID: 40148547)
More detail+
rNA-MPP
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Recombinant NA-based influenza virus vaccine candidates, adjuvanted with different adjuvants including CPG 1018, BDX100 and BDX301, derived from bacterial cells, aimed at broader protection via the mucosal route.
Puente-Massaguer 2025 (PMID: 40513214)
De Mathia 2025 (PMID: 40651308)
Vasilev 2025 (PMID: 40640198)
Hoxie 2024 (PMID: 39241354)
McMahon 2023 (PMID: 37800945)
Momont 2023 (PMID: 37258672)
Strohmeier 2022 (PMID: 35869085)
Roubidoux 2022 (PMID: 35446141)
Tan 2022 (PMID: 34669506)
Rajendran 2021 (PMID: 34451971)
Oh 2021 (PMID: 34890255)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 34809451)
Strohmeier 2021 (PMID: 33921722)
McMahon 2020 (PMID: 32943267)
McMahon 2019 (PMID: 31113896)
Wohlbold 2015 (PMID: 25759506)
More detail+
RNA-Scaffold-Protein Vaccine (RSPVac)
More detail+
University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Protein-RNA vaccine that comprises purified recombinant proteins complexed with in vitro transcribed short, non-coding RNAs. The recombinant protein is a fusion construct consisting of the viral surface antigen (HA head) and the influenza nucleoprotein; administered intranasally as a prime-boost.
Lam 2026 (PMID: 41865676)
More detail+
rNP plus BPPcysMPEG
More detail+
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (Germany), Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU) (Argentina)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Recombinant protein based vaccine containing the NP antigen adjuvanted with a TLR2/6 agonist, the BPPcysMPEG adjuvant
Sanchez 2023 (PMID: 36986773)
More detail+
RSM2eFP spore vaccine
More detail+
Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (China)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) administered via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.).
Ma 2023 (PMID: 37308364)
More detail+
rTET-NA
More detail+
Sanofi (France)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Soluble recombinant NAs produced from a number of subtypes by fusion of the globular head domain with the tetrabrachion tetramerization domain (rTET-NA), added to a quadrivalent HA-based influenza vaccine
Cortés 2024 (PMID: 39562599)
More detail+
rVSV-EΔM-tM2e
More detail+
University of Manitoba (Canada)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
rVSV-based vaccine candidates expressing the ectodomain of influenza matrix protein (M2e) and/or conserved hemagglutinin stalk regions (HA stalk) fused with the DC-targeting domain of EboGP (E1M) to generate E1M-tM2e or E1M-HM2e, which is UV-inactivated.
Note: Preclinical development of a combined rVSV-based bivalent influenza/SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is underway
Ao 2022 (PMID: 36069551)
Press Release 9-15-2022
Olukitibi 2024 (PMID: 38812326)
Olukitibi 2022 (PMID: 36003947)
More detail+
S-FLU and CLEARFLU
More detail+
University of Oxford (UK), University of Melbourne (Australia)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Single-cycle viruses that are either produced by the inactivation of the hemagglutinin signal sequence, generating a viral RNA called S-HA (S-FLU), or a derivative of S-FLU that expresses a stabilized non-fusogenic hemagglutinin (CLEARFLU); aimed at inducing T cell responses when administered to the lung.
Sadler 2025 (PMID: 39868800)
Zheng 2023 (PMID: 37683004)
Powell 2019 (PMID: 30714896)
Holzer 2018 (PMID: 29703861)
Baz 2015 (PMID: 26489862)
More detail+
sa-mRNA (CSL400)
More detail+
CSL Seqirus (Australia)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
Self-amplifying mRNA influenza vaccine candidate developed to co-express HA and NA
Formerly: sa-mRNA (SQ012) and sa-mRNA bicistronic vaccine
Chang 2025 (PMID: 39956088)
Chueng 2023 (PMID: 37794051)
Chang 2022 (PMID: 36320414)
NCT06028347 (P1)
Press Release 10-5-2022
Developer website: CSL Seqirus
More detail+
sa-RNA (ARCT-2138)
More detail+
Arcturus Therapeutics (US), CSL Seqirus (Australia)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 1
Self-amplifying RNA seasonal influenza vaccine (ARCT-2138) administered intramuscularly
NCT06125691 (P1)
Press Release 11-10-2025
Press Release 8-11-2025
Press Release 5-8-2024
Press Release 3-7-2024
Press Release 11-1-2022
Press Release 8-1-2022
Arcturus prospectus
Developer website: Arcturus Therapeutics
Developer website: CSL Seqirus
More detail+
samRNA-COBRA
More detail+
University of Georgia (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Influenza hemagglutinin sequences developed using computationally optimized broadly-reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology, expressed from a self-amplifying mRNA (samRNA) vector to elicit broadly-reactive, protective immunity
Pierce 2025 (PMID: 40617088)
More detail+
saRNA
More detail+
Pfizer (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
Self-amplifying ribonucleic acid (saRNA) vaccine delivered intramuscularly
ISRCTN13789612 (P1/2)
NCT05227001 (P1)
Developer website
More detail+
Sb
mut
HA
More detail+
Duke University (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
An HA antigenic mixture–based vaccine with four positions of the Sb antigenic site randomized within the back-bone of an H1 HA
Luo 2024 (PMID: 38691617)
More detail+
SCPs/pHAF
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Novel multi-epitope nanoantigenic DNA vaccine using a ferritin carrier that is engineered with HA gene fragments, along with ferritin and GCN4pII sequences, delivered using silica-coated calcium phosphate (SCPs) nanoparticles encapsulating influenza hemagglutinin plasmids (pHAF/pHAG) via polyethyleneimine adsorption as a novel vector to elicit potent T cell-mediated immunity.
Liu 2025 (PMID: 40568589)
More detail+
Scrambled HA (scrHA)
More detail+
CIVICs, NIAID (US), University of Wisconsin (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
An H3 HA vaccine antigen with various amino acids at immunodominant epitopes of the HA head domain.
Chiba 2023 (PMID: 37466314)
More detail+
Self amplifying mRNA
More detail+
University of Minnesota (US)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine encoding the influenza A virus nucleoprotein that is encapsulated in modified dendron-based nanoparticles.
Kunzli 2022 (PMID: 36459542)
More detail+
Self assembling peptides displaying M2e and HA2
More detail+
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Self-assembling nanoparticles displaying M2e and HA stalk epitopes aimed at inducing humoral and T-cell responses
Zykova 2023 (PMID: 37764217)
Blokhina 2023 (PMID: 37299207)
Zykova 2022 (PMID: 34583058)
Zykova 2020 (PMID: 33036278)
More detail+
Self-assembled multiepitope nanoparticles (MHF)
More detail+
Jilin University (China)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Multiepitope nanovaccine, MHF, made up of conserved linear epitopes of HA2, M2e, and NP fused to either three surface loops on the P domain, or to ferritin. (Formerly: HMN-PP)
Nie 2024 (PMID: 38191112)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 37983728)
Nie 2023 (PMID: 36820263)
More detail+
Self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs)
More detail+
Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
A broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccine developed by functionalizing self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs) with multiple copies of the hemagglutinin stalk on the outer surface and matrix protein 2 ectodomain on the inner surface; or displaying HrHA and 4M2e on the external surface and highly conserved nucleoprotein peptides (NPs) embedded internally
Park 2026
Park 2023 (PMID: 38084728)
More detail+
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs)
More detail+
Scripps Research Institute (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) presenting the conserved extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e)
Zhang 2024 (PMID: 39340007)
Braz Gomes 2023 (PMID: 37988765)
More detail+
SP0237 hexavalent mRNA
More detail+
Sanofi (France)
Nucleic acid-based
Phase 2
Monovalent, quadrivalent and hexavalent mRNA vaccine constructs; differing in the LNP containing the mRNA
Formerly: mRNA constructs, mRNA NA
Chivukula 2021 (PMID: 34916519)
Dolgin 2021 (PMID: 34635829)
NCT06744205 (P1/2)
NCT06361875 (P1/2)
NCT05650554 (P1/2)
NCT05624606 (P1/2)
NCT05553301 (P1/2)
NCT05829356 (P1)
NCT05426174 (P1)
NCT06118151 (P1)
Sanofi Presentation 1-29-2026
Sanofi Investor Presentation 6-29-2023
News story 1-30-2026
Press Release 6-22-2021
Patent: Multivalent influenza vaccines
Patent: Lipid nanoparticles for delivering mRNA vaccines
Patent: Multivalent Influenza mRNA Vaccines
Developer website: Sanofi
More detail+
SpyTagged noro-VLP
More detail+
Tampere University (Finland)
Virus-like particles (VLP)
Preclinical
Uses a modular vaccine platform based on the noro-VLP, fused with highly conserved antigens, the ectodomain of M2e protein and a minimized stem-fragment of HA.
Lampinen 2023 (PMID: 37424789)
Heinimaki 2022 (PMID: 34894525)
Lampinen 2021 (PMID: 33468139)
More detail+
srVSV-N1/N2
More detail+
Sun Yat-sen University (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
A semi-replicating vesicular stomatitis virus (srVSV) vector-based platform combined with the glycoprotein (*G*) gene deleted (rVSVΔG) and another with the *L* gene deleted (rVSVΔL), encoding N1 or N2 to generate monovalent (srVSV-N1) and bivalent (srVSV-N1/N2) formulations, administered intranasally in a two-dose regimen (low-dose priming and high-dose boost).
Ye 2026 (PMID: 41985745)
More detail+
Stabilized mHA
More detail+
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
The mosaic HA (mHA) construct replaces immunodominant antigenic sites in the HA head domain with “exotic” antigens from avian influenza viruses to which humans have no prior exposure. Sequential immunizations with mHA proteins aim to induce broadly protective immunity by redirecting immune responses toward conserved, immunosubdominant epitopes the HA head and stalk domains.
Mishra 2026 (PMID: 41883166)
More detail+
ta-RNA, sa-RNA
More detail+
BioNTech (Germany), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
RNA vaccine approach based on a novel split-vector system using trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA) or self-amplifying (saRNA) encoding HA antigen.
Perkovic 2023 (PMID: 36694464)
Beissert 2020 (PMID: 31624015)
Vogel 2018 (PMID: 29275847)
Developer Website: BioNTech
More detail+
TMV-HA-con
More detail+
University of Nebraska−Lincoln (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Plant-made vaccines comprising centralized consensus influenza hemagglutinin (HA-con) proteins (H1 and H3 subtypes) conjugated to a modified plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanoparticle (TMV-HA-con).
Madapong 2024 (PMID: 39460267)
More detail+
TX98-129
More detail+
University of South Dakota (US), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Recombinant influenza virus based vaccine that expresses a chimeric HA (HA-129) derived from HAs of four genetically distinct swine influenza A viruses (H1N1) that had a history of zoonotic transmission. The chimeric HA was obtained through molecular breeding (gene shuffling) technology from the four original parental HAs. Designed to induce broadly protective immunity against genetically divergent HAs.
Yuan 2023 (PMID: 36992230)
McCormick 2015 (PMID: 26061265)
More detail+
Ubiquitin-mediated mRNA vaccine (Ub-Re-N)
More detail+
Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (China), Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control (China)
Nucleic acid-based
Preclinical
Ubiquitin gene fused with the influenza virus N protein and structurally rearranged to construct a novel mRNA vaccine
Di 2025 (PMID: 40895807)
More detail+
UniFluVec
More detail+
Capricorn Technologies (Austria)
Influenza virus-based
Phase 1
Recombinant influenza virus vector, UniFluVec and its less attenuated counterpart (UniFluVec-wtNS1), both designed as H1N1pdm vaccine candidates containing modified NS1 and NEP
Stukova 2025
Romanova 2025 (PMID: 41046834)
Shurygina 2025 (PMID: 39852837)
Ferko 2024
Prokopenko 2023 (PMID: 36992084)
Vasilyev 2021 (PMID: 33810549)
NCT04650971 (P1)
Patent: Attenuated influenza vectors for the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases and for the treatment of oncological diseases
Developer Website: Capricorn Technologies
More detail+
VT-105
More detail+
Versatope Therapeutics (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
Combines diverse variants of influenza strains displayed on a single nano-sized rOMV (recombinant outer membrane vesicle); VT-105 is based on the M2 protein; targets the virus-infected cell to engage cell-mediated immune responses against all influenza strains.
Weyant 2023 (PMID: 36709333)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28215994)
Watkins 2017 (PMID: 28866291)
Rappazzo 2016 (PMID: 26827663)
Press Release 9-11-2024
Press Release 6-8-2020
Press Release 3-18-2020
News Story 9-21-2017
Developer Website: Versatope Therapeutics
More detail+
VXA-A1.1 oral tablet
More detail+
Vaxart (US)
Virus-vectored
Phase 2
Replication-defective adenovirus type-5 vectored construct that expresses HA; includes a novel toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3 ligand) agonist as an adjuvant; administered orally in tablets designed to release the virus in the ileum, with the potential to stimulate cellular and mucosal immunity and serum antibody.
Braun 2023 (PMID: 37562075)
Flitter 2022 (PMID: 35455342)
McIlwain 2021 (PMID: 34784508)
Rudenko 2020 (PMID: 31978351)
Liebowitz 2020 (PMID: 31978354)
Kolhatkar 2018 (PMCID: PMC6253129)
Scallan 2016 (PMID: 27071663)
Kim 2016 (PMID: 27881837)
Liebowitz 2015 (PMID: 26333337)
Peters 2013 (PMID: 23357198)
NCT02918006 (P2)
NCT03121339 (P1)
NCT02547792 (P1)
NCT01688297 (P1)
NCT01335347 (P1)
Vaxart Presentation Feb 2026
Vaxart Investor Presentation Jan 2026
Vaxart Investor Presentation Jul 2025
Vaxart Investor Presentation Nov 2023
News Story 9-4-2024
Press Release 1-22-2020
Press Release 7-9-2019
Developer website
More detail+
Whole influenza virus particle vaccine
More detail+
Hokkaido University (Japan)
Influenza virus-based
Preclinical
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade monovalent or quadrivalent inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccine (WPV) formulations
Chua 2022 (PMID: 36206307)
More detail+
WI19-7mer
More detail+
Wistar Institute (US)
Non-VLP nanoparticles
Preclinical
DNA-delivered self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine presenting the hemagglutinin (HA) head on the IMX313 heptamerization domain of the chicken C4-binding protein as a scaffold (WI19-7mer) co-administered with cytokine adjuvant (CTACK)
Liaw 2025 (PMID: 40398322)
More detail+
Wyeth/IL-15/5flu
More detail+
University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China)
Virus-vectored
Preclinical
Live, replication competent vaccinia Wyeth Backbone carrying 5 full-length influenza proteins derived from H5N1 viruses (NP, HA NA, M1, and M2) and IL-15 as a molecular adjuvant; aimed at eliciting robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Bull 2023 (PMID: 36401824)
Bull 2022 (PMID: 35385318)
Valkenburg 2018 (PMID: 29887326)
Valkenburg 2014 (PMID: 24706798)
More detail+
“Beads-on-a-string” (BOAS) Immunogens
More detail+
Harvard University (US)
Recombinant proteins
Preclinical
Recombinantly produced, protein-based immunogens, “beads-on-a-string” or BOAS, have between three and eight unique HA heads including circulating and non-circulating A and B influenzas; tandemly linked multiple HA subtypes into a single immunogen.
Thornlow Lamson 2025 (PMID: 41359709)
More detail+
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