USGS National Streamgaging Network

USGS National Streamgaging Network | U.S. Geological Survey
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USGS National Streamgaging Network
Active
By
Water Resources Mission Area
October 31, 2024
Overview
Science
Multimedia
Publications
Web Tools
Software
As of October 2024, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information at 8,705 sites and water-level information alone at 3,460 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near real-time—to meet many diverse needs including the protection of life, property, the environment, and our economy.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
View Media Details
USGS streamgage with rainbow in the background. (Credit: Robert Swanson)
In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages for use in designing water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly advanced since the 1800s, and USGS hydrographers have made at least one streamflow measurement at more than 37,000 sites throughout the years. Today, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information at 8,705 sites (continuous record) and water-level information alone or partial record streamflow at 3,460 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near real-time—to meet many diverse needs; more than 2.5 billion requests for water information were fulfilled during the 2024 water year (Oct. 1, 2023‒Sept. 30, 2024).
Unique Partnership
The streamgages are primarily operated and maintained by the USGS, but most are funded in partnership with one or more of about 1,500 Federal, State, local, and Tribal agencies or organizations. This unique cooperation results in nationally consistent and impartial data that also aids local decision making. The shared costs result in the operation of far more streamgages than would be possible if financed solely by USGS appropriations, which provide less than one-third of the needed funding. These partnerships also enable fixed costs (such as costs associated with data storage and delivery infrastructure) to be broadly distributed, resulting in more economical streamgaging information for all.
“The independent, science-based streamflow information that we obtain from USGS gages is paramount to assuring compliance under our various interstate compacts with our neighboring states.”
Julie Cunningham, Oklahoma Water Resources Board
"The near real-time data we get from the USGS Streamgage Network is essential to the South Dakota Flood Information System. Our system requires timely, accurate river level data to function correctly and the USGS streamgages have been a very reliable source."
Tim Cowman, State Geologist, South Dakota Geological Survey, January 2025
A Network of Networks
The USGS National Streamgaging Network (NSN) is a multipurpose network that comprises more than 12,165 streamgages. It encompasses several smaller networks that produce specific information or support specific needs.
National Streamgage Network–Streamflow (NSN-Streamflow).
The National Streamgage Network-Streamflow (NSN-Streamflow) consists of all streamgages that continuously monitor streamflow year-round and from which daily mean streamflows are computed and made available online. The data collected at NSN-Streamflow locations serve several functions (including flood warning, water allocation, and recreation) and can be used by anyone regardless of whether or not they help fund the network. The use of consistent methods enables data from the many gages to be combined, expanding the use and value of the data from every gage. As of October 2024, there are 8,705 gages in the NSN-Streamflow.
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
The Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Network (previously known as the National Streamflow Information Program) was conceived in 1999 to be a core, federally funded network. The original network design included 4,300 then active, previously discontinued, or proposed new gages that were strategically positioned across the country to address long-term Federal information needs (such as supporting National Weather Service flood forecasts, or interstate and international compacts and decrees). As of October 2024, 4,756 locations meet the criteria for inclusion in the FPS network, but only 3,436 FPS are active because of funding limitations. These active FPS are supported through a combination of Federal and partner funding—but only 25-30 percent of the active FPS streamgages are fully funded by the USGS.
In the coming months, the results of the FPS Re-Prioritization will be updated here.
Information Delivery and Application
The USGS operates one of the largest streamgaging endeavors in the world. As of October 2024, continuous water levels were measured at 12,165 gages; the data are typically transmitted to USGS computers within 1 hour of measurement. During extreme events, data may be transmitted even more frequently. At most gages, continuously measured water levels are used to compute hourly (at least) time series of streamflows from gage-specific rating curves that were developed using onsite streamflow measurements made by USGS hydrographers—more than 80,000 onsite measurements are typically made each year. The data are quality assured and made available online. Data users include emergency responders, water managers, environmental and transportation agencies, universities, utilities, recreational enthusiasts, and consulting firms. Specific uses of the data include the following:
planning, forecasting, and warning about floods and droughts;
managing water rights and transboundary water issues;
operating waterways for power production and navigation;
monitoring environmental conditions to protect aquatic habitats;
describing impacts to streamflow from changing land and water uses;
assessing water quality and regulating pollutant discharges;
determining if streams are safe for recreational activities; and
designing reservoirs, roads, bridges, drinking water and wastewater facilities.
The user-friendly
National Water Dashboard
provides a map-based interface to access streamgaging data near you. You can also set thresholds important to you and get notified by email or text when your favorite streamgage reached that level by using the USGS
WaterAlert
application. All water data can be accessed at the
USGS Water Data for the Nation
webpages.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
View Media Details
Screenshot of the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authorizations
USGS activities are conducted under the authority of various pieces of authorizing federal legislation. The following is a subset of authorizations that are related to the overall National Streamgaging Network:
43 U.S.C.
§ 36(b)
§ 50
§ 50b
| Appropriations Act
(Pub. L. 118-42; Pub. L. 99-500; Pub. L. 77-842;
Pub. L. 86-406)
Authorizes the implementation of the USGS Cooperative Matching Funds as they are used to partner with over 1,600 State, regional, and local agencies.
The
Economy Act of 1932
, as amended (
31 U.S.C. 1535
) authorizes any agency to obtain goods and services from and reimburse any other agency if certain criteria are met.
42 U.S.C. § 10367 - 10368 | Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (
SECURE Water Act
(Pub. L. 111-11)
Authorizes (Title IX, Subtitle F, Sec. 9507 and 9508) the implementation of the national streamflow information program (more than 4,700 federal priority streamgages), development of a systematic groundwater monitoring program for each major aquifer system (the National Groundwater Monitoring Network), completion of a national brackish groundwater assessment, and implementation of the national water availability and use assessment program.
The subsequent reauthorization of the SECURE Water Act:
Public Law 118-174
43 U.S.C. § 36(b) | The Act of December 24, 1942,
as amended
Pub. L. 86-406
Provides that “The Secretary of the Interior may, on behalf of the United States and for the use by the Geological Survey in gaging streams and underground water resources, acquire lands by donation or when funds have been appropriated by Congress by purchase or condemnation” 36(c) Acceptance of contributions from public and private sources; cooperation with other agencies in prosecution of projects.
33 U.S.C. § 2352 |
Water Resources Development Act of 2000
(Pub. L. 106-541)
Provides for the conservation and development of water and related resources. It authorizes the Secretary of the Army through the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, to conduct studies, construct projects, and research activities that can lead to the improvement of rivers and harbors of the United States.
43 U.S.C. § 371 | Reclamation Projects Authorization and Adjustment Act of 1992,
as amended
Pub. L. 104–46
Amends the 1992 law to add Section 3001, "Western Water Policy Review Act of 1992." Directs the President to undertake a comprehensive review of Federal activities in the 19 western States that directly or indirectly affect the allocation and use of resources, whether surface or subsurface. The Secretary of the Interior, "... given … responsibilities for … investigations and reviews into ground water resources through the Geologic Survey (now United States Geological Survey).
25 U.S.C. § 450 et seq. |
Tribal Self-Governance Act of 1994
(Pub. L. 103-413)
Requires that the Department of the Interior (DOI) publish an annual list of non-Bureau of Indian Affairs programs, services, functions, and activities, or portions thereof, that are eligible for inclusion in agreements negotiated under DOI’s self-governance program. The USGS mentions the collection, analysis, and provision information on biology, geology, hydrology, and geography that contribute to the wise management of the Nation’s natural resources and to the health, safety, and well-being of the American people.
16 U.S.C. § 797(a)(c) |
Hydropower Regulatory Efficiency Act of 2013
(Pub. L. 113-23)
Authorizes Federal Energy Regulatory Commission investigations and data collection concerning the utilization of the water resources of any region to be developed (Section 797 (a)). Section 797(c) directs the FERC “to cooperate with the executive departments and other agencies of States or National Governments in such investigations; and for such purposes the several departments and agencies of the National Government are authorized and directed upon the request of the commission to furnish such records, papers, and information in their possession as may be requested by the commission, and temporarily to detail to the commission such officers or experts as may be necessary in such investigations.”
42 U.S.C. § 5845(c) |
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
(Pub. L. 93–438)
Directs all Federal agencies to “... (2)... furnish to the (Nuclear Regulatory) Commission... such research services... for the performance of its functions; and (3) consult and cooperate with the Commission on research development matters of mutual interest and provide such information and physical access to its facilities as will assist the Commission in acquiring the expertise necessary to perform its licensing and related regulatory functions.”
16 U.S.C. § 1451 et seq. |
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1976
(Pub. L. 92–583)
Provides that each department, agency, and instrumentality of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government may assist the Secretary of Commerce, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, in carrying out research and technical assistance for coastal zone management.
Here is a full list of
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program authorizations
Contacts
Chad R Wagner
Program Coordinator
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Program Coordinator
National Water Quality Program
Program Coordinator, Water Observing Systems Portfolio (WOSP)
Water Resources Mission Area
Email
cwagner@usgs.gov
Phone
919-571-4021
National Water Monitoring Networks
National Water Monitoring Networks Inbox
Water Resources Mission Area
Email
waternetworks@usgs.gov
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Below are other pages associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
March 20, 2025
National Water Monitoring Network
To manage our water resources effectively, we need to understand how much water is available and its usefulness. The USGS monitors the nation’s water resources through various national observing networks that use a range of technologies and methods to assess real-time water conditions and predict future changes in water availability for human and ecological uses.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
National Water Monitoring Network
March 20, 2025
National Water Monitoring Network
To manage our water resources effectively, we need to understand how much water is available and its usefulness. The USGS monitors the nation’s water resources through various national observing networks that use a range of technologies and methods to assess real-time water conditions and predict future changes in water availability for human and ecological uses.
April 8, 2025
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) are automated stations that monitor water conditions in streams and rivers throughout the country. Originally established in 1999, these are important for meeting specific long-term needs of the Nation. The FPS Network was recently re-prioritized which resulted in size of the network increasing to nearly 12,400 locations.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
April 8, 2025
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) are automated stations that monitor water conditions in streams and rivers throughout the country. Originally established in 1999, these are important for meeting specific long-term needs of the Nation. The FPS Network was recently re-prioritized which resulted in size of the network increasing to nearly 12,400 locations.
August 26, 2024
Centennial Streamgages
Centennial Streamgages are USGS streamgages that have been in operation for more than 100 years.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Centennial Streamgages
August 26, 2024
Centennial Streamgages
Centennial Streamgages are USGS streamgages that have been in operation for more than 100 years.
March 26, 2024
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
Get the facts and figures about the USGS Streamgaging Network, one of the largest streamgaging enterprises in the world!
By
Water Resources Mission Area
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
March 26, 2024
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
Get the facts and figures about the USGS Streamgaging Network, one of the largest streamgaging enterprises in the world!
April 26, 2021
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
The Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) supports water availability assessments, management, and prediction by enhancing water observations in basins that represent major U.S. hydrologic regions. The Delaware River Basin was the first Integrated Water Science basin selected, providing an opportunity to implement the NGWOS program in a nationally important, complex interstate river...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
April 26, 2021
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
The Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) supports water availability assessments, management, and prediction by enhancing water observations in basins that represent major U.S. hydrologic regions. The Delaware River Basin was the first Integrated Water Science basin selected, providing an opportunity to implement the NGWOS program in a nationally important, complex interstate river...
March 4, 2019
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs) are fully-functional streamgages designed to be deployed quickly and temporarily to measure and transmit stream stage data in emergency situations.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
March 4, 2019
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs) are fully-functional streamgages designed to be deployed quickly and temporarily to measure and transmit stream stage data in emergency situations.
March 4, 2019
StreamStats
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
StreamStats
March 4, 2019
StreamStats
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
March 3, 2019
Streamgaging Basics
A streamgage is a structure installed beside a stream or river that contains equipment that measures and records the water level (called gage height or stage) of the stream. Streamflow (also called discharge) is computed from measured water levels using a site-specific relation (called a stage-discharge rating curve) developed from onsite water level and streamflow measurements made by USGS...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Streamgaging Basics
March 3, 2019
Streamgaging Basics
A streamgage is a structure installed beside a stream or river that contains equipment that measures and records the water level (called gage height or stage) of the stream. Streamflow (also called discharge) is computed from measured water levels using a site-specific relation (called a stage-discharge rating curve) developed from onsite water level and streamflow measurements made by USGS...
March 2, 2019
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
During large coastal storms, the storm surge and waves are the main cause of destruction and landscape change, transporting saline water, sediment, and debris inland. The USGS, in collaboration with stakeholders, has constructed a national Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network for the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Central Pacific. SWaTH monitors and documents the height, extent, and...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
March 2, 2019
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
During large coastal storms, the storm surge and waves are the main cause of destruction and landscape change, transporting saline water, sediment, and debris inland. The USGS, in collaboration with stakeholders, has constructed a national Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network for the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Central Pacific. SWaTH monitors and documents the height, extent, and...
Below are multimedia items associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
November 18, 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
This is a thumbnail for an animation showing the changing conditions relative to the historic record of USGS streamgages from October 1, 2023 - September 30, 2024. The river conditions shown range from the driest condition seen at a gage (red open circles) to the wettest (blue closed circles).
By
Water Resources Mission Area
November 18, 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
This is a thumbnail for an animation showing the changing conditions relative to the historic record of USGS streamgages from October 1, 2023 - September 30, 2024. The river conditions shown range from the driest condition seen at a gage (red open circles) to the wettest (blue closed circles).
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Three images of gages with white text on green background. Text reads: USGS Gages working for you
Collecting water data for the U.S.
March 29, 2023
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
The USGS collects water data daily across the U.S. using sensors that automatically sample the data at set intervals. We have over 11,000 of these devices, known as gages, in our nationwide network.
The data from these gages are used in decision-making at all levels, from recreationists to congresspersons.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
March 29, 2023
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
The USGS collects water data daily across the U.S. using sensors that automatically sample the data at set intervals. We have over 11,000 of these devices, known as gages, in our nationwide network.
The data from these gages are used in decision-making at all levels, from recreationists to congresspersons.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
picture of car in a flood and screenshot of WaterAlert text notification. Text reads, 'subscribe to alerts for water conditio
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
September 8, 2022
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
The Water Data for the Nation team in USGS's Water Resources Mission Area has modernized our nationwide alert service: WaterAlert. With
WaterAlert
you can subscribe to text or email alerts for recent water conditions
that matter most to you.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
September 8, 2022
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
The Water Data for the Nation team in USGS's Water Resources Mission Area has modernized our nationwide alert service: WaterAlert. With
WaterAlert
you can subscribe to text or email alerts for recent water conditions
that matter most to you.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
March 5, 2019
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
What is water up to? Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams - USGS Streamgaging and the Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program.
By
Water Resources
National Water Quality Program
Water Resources Research Act Program
Communications and Publishing
March 5, 2019
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
What is water up to? Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams - USGS Streamgaging and the Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program.
By
Water Resources
National Water Quality Program
Water Resources Research Act Program
Communications and Publishing
Below are publications associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
February 5, 2019
Monitoring the pulse of our Nation's rivers and streams—The U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network
Monitoring the pulse of our Nation's rivers and streams—The U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network
In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages to help design water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly...
Authors
Sandra M. Eberts, Michael D. Woodside, Mark N. Landers, Chad R. Wagner
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
July 2, 2025
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 12,165 continuous surface-water monitoring locations (streamgages) across the United States in 2024. The streamgages provide information on river height and streamflow, typically at 15-minute intervals. This information is then made available to everyone, most of it delivered nearly in realtime on the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authors
Brian E. McCallum, Melissa L. Riskin
By
Water Resources Mission Area
September 23, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network—2023
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network—2023
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 11,850 continuous surface-water monitoring locations (streamgages) across the United States in 2023. The streamgages provide information on river height and streamflow, typically at 15-minute intervals. This information is then made available to everyone, most of it delivered nearly in realtime on the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authors
Brian E. McCallum
By
Water Resources Mission Area
January 1, 2010
Discharge measurements at gaging stations
Discharge measurements at gaging stations
The techniques and standards for making discharge measurements at streamflow gaging stations are described in this publication. The vertical axis rotating-element current meter, principally the Price current meter, has been traditionally used for most measurements of discharge; however, advancements in acoustic technology have led to important developments in the use of acoustic Doppler...
Authors
D. Phil Turnipseed, Vernon B. Sauer
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Below are data or web applications associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
June 22, 2021
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
The National Water Dashboard (NWD) is a mobile, interactive tool that provides real-time information on water levels, weather, and flood forecasts - all in one place on a computer, smartphone, or other mobile device. The NWD presents real-time stream, lake and reservoir, precipitation, and groundwater data from more than 13,500 USGS observation stations across the country.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
Office of Risk and Resilience
Saline Lake Ecosystems Integrated Water Availability Assessment
January 29, 2026
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN)
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN)
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN) is the home for USGS’s modernization of public delivery of water data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Central Plains Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
January 29, 2026
USGS Water Data APIs
USGS Water Data APIs
This site is the home for modernized access to USGS water data in machine-readable formats via REST APIs, a common type of web service programs use to search and download data. These services provide USGS water data, ranging from continuous measurements of streamflow to information about individual USGS sites and more.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Central Plains Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
October 1, 2022
WaterAlert
WaterAlert
The U.S. Geological Survey WaterAlert service provides notifications to your email or phone for changes in water conditions based on thresholds you choose.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
National Water Quality Laboratory
Office of Risk and Resilience
Water Science School
May 10, 2021
Flood Event Viewer
Flood Event Viewer
During major storms or other short-term events, the USGS collects streamflow and additional data (including storm tide, wave height, high-water marks, and additional sensor deployments) to aid in documenting flood events. The USGS Flood Event Viewer provides convenient, map-based access to downloadable event-based data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
Gulf of America
Hurricane Dorian
Hurricane Jose
Hurricane Nate
Hurricanes
May 9, 2021
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Mapper
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Mapper
This mapper identifies USGS Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS). FPS are monitoring stations that track the amount of water in streams and rivers across the Nation to meet long-term federal information needs. They are strategically positioned to serve as a backbone for the larger National Streamflow Network that is operated in cooperation with over 1,200 federal, state, tribal, and local agencies.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Water Science School
August 17, 2020
Gages Through the Ages (data visualization story)
Gages Through the Ages (data visualization story)
The USGS has been measuring streamflow since 1889. Explore how USGS streamgages have been supporting our Nation's changing water-resource needs and priorities for 130 years in an interactive data visualization story.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
March 4, 2019
StreamStats Application
StreamStats Application
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
March 4, 2019
Endangered, Discontinued, and Rescued Streamgages Mapper
Endangered, Discontinued, and Rescued Streamgages Mapper
This mapper identifies USGS streamgages that are in danger of being discontinued or converted to a reduced level of service due to lack of funding, gages that already have been discontinued, and gages that have been ‘rescued’ by a new funding source.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Water Science School
July 2, 2018
StreamStats Batch Processing Tool
StreamStats Batch Processing Tool
This tool produces shapefiles that contain the delineated basins, basin characteristics, and flow statistics for multiple sites requested at once by users. Before this tool can be used, the the points of interest will likely need to be edited in GIS so that they are coincident with the stream grid used by StreamStats for delineations and saved to a shapefile.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
June 29, 2018
StreamStats Web Services
StreamStats Web Services
The StreamStats application uses data web services that were created for it. When in use, the application manages interactions between the user and the services. However, the web services can be directly accessed using the StreamStats Service API documented here or consumed by a custom client application using HTTP protocols.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Below are software products associated with this project.
March 4, 2019
The Groundwater Toolbox: A Graphical and Mapping Interface for Analysis of Hydrologic Data
The Groundwater Toolbox: A Graphical and Mapping Interface for Analysis of Hydrologic Data
The Groundwater Toolbox is a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data. It provides methods to estimate many of the components of the water budget for a hydrologic basin, including precipitation, streamflow, base flow, runoff, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. As of May 2022, the Groundwater Toolbox has been superseded by the Hydrologic Toolbox.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
As of October 2024, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information at 8,705 sites and water-level information alone at 3,460 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near real-time—to meet many diverse needs including the protection of life, property, the environment, and our economy.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
View Media Details
USGS streamgage with rainbow in the background. (Credit: Robert Swanson)
In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages for use in designing water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly advanced since the 1800s, and USGS hydrographers have made at least one streamflow measurement at more than 37,000 sites throughout the years. Today, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information at 8,705 sites (continuous record) and water-level information alone or partial record streamflow at 3,460 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near real-time—to meet many diverse needs; more than 2.5 billion requests for water information were fulfilled during the 2024 water year (Oct. 1, 2023‒Sept. 30, 2024).
Unique Partnership
The streamgages are primarily operated and maintained by the USGS, but most are funded in partnership with one or more of about 1,500 Federal, State, local, and Tribal agencies or organizations. This unique cooperation results in nationally consistent and impartial data that also aids local decision making. The shared costs result in the operation of far more streamgages than would be possible if financed solely by USGS appropriations, which provide less than one-third of the needed funding. These partnerships also enable fixed costs (such as costs associated with data storage and delivery infrastructure) to be broadly distributed, resulting in more economical streamgaging information for all.
“The independent, science-based streamflow information that we obtain from USGS gages is paramount to assuring compliance under our various interstate compacts with our neighboring states.”
Julie Cunningham, Oklahoma Water Resources Board
"The near real-time data we get from the USGS Streamgage Network is essential to the South Dakota Flood Information System. Our system requires timely, accurate river level data to function correctly and the USGS streamgages have been a very reliable source."
Tim Cowman, State Geologist, South Dakota Geological Survey, January 2025
A Network of Networks
The USGS National Streamgaging Network (NSN) is a multipurpose network that comprises more than 12,165 streamgages. It encompasses several smaller networks that produce specific information or support specific needs.
National Streamgage Network–Streamflow (NSN-Streamflow).
The National Streamgage Network-Streamflow (NSN-Streamflow) consists of all streamgages that continuously monitor streamflow year-round and from which daily mean streamflows are computed and made available online. The data collected at NSN-Streamflow locations serve several functions (including flood warning, water allocation, and recreation) and can be used by anyone regardless of whether or not they help fund the network. The use of consistent methods enables data from the many gages to be combined, expanding the use and value of the data from every gage. As of October 2024, there are 8,705 gages in the NSN-Streamflow.
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
The Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Network (previously known as the National Streamflow Information Program) was conceived in 1999 to be a core, federally funded network. The original network design included 4,300 then active, previously discontinued, or proposed new gages that were strategically positioned across the country to address long-term Federal information needs (such as supporting National Weather Service flood forecasts, or interstate and international compacts and decrees). As of October 2024, 4,756 locations meet the criteria for inclusion in the FPS network, but only 3,436 FPS are active because of funding limitations. These active FPS are supported through a combination of Federal and partner funding—but only 25-30 percent of the active FPS streamgages are fully funded by the USGS.
In the coming months, the results of the FPS Re-Prioritization will be updated here.
Information Delivery and Application
The USGS operates one of the largest streamgaging endeavors in the world. As of October 2024, continuous water levels were measured at 12,165 gages; the data are typically transmitted to USGS computers within 1 hour of measurement. During extreme events, data may be transmitted even more frequently. At most gages, continuously measured water levels are used to compute hourly (at least) time series of streamflows from gage-specific rating curves that were developed using onsite streamflow measurements made by USGS hydrographers—more than 80,000 onsite measurements are typically made each year. The data are quality assured and made available online. Data users include emergency responders, water managers, environmental and transportation agencies, universities, utilities, recreational enthusiasts, and consulting firms. Specific uses of the data include the following:
planning, forecasting, and warning about floods and droughts;
managing water rights and transboundary water issues;
operating waterways for power production and navigation;
monitoring environmental conditions to protect aquatic habitats;
describing impacts to streamflow from changing land and water uses;
assessing water quality and regulating pollutant discharges;
determining if streams are safe for recreational activities; and
designing reservoirs, roads, bridges, drinking water and wastewater facilities.
The user-friendly
National Water Dashboard
provides a map-based interface to access streamgaging data near you. You can also set thresholds important to you and get notified by email or text when your favorite streamgage reached that level by using the USGS
WaterAlert
application. All water data can be accessed at the
USGS Water Data for the Nation
webpages.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
View Media Details
Screenshot of the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authorizations
USGS activities are conducted under the authority of various pieces of authorizing federal legislation. The following is a subset of authorizations that are related to the overall National Streamgaging Network:
43 U.S.C.
§ 36(b)
§ 50
§ 50b
| Appropriations Act
(Pub. L. 118-42; Pub. L. 99-500; Pub. L. 77-842;
Pub. L. 86-406)
Authorizes the implementation of the USGS Cooperative Matching Funds as they are used to partner with over 1,600 State, regional, and local agencies.
The
Economy Act of 1932
, as amended (
31 U.S.C. 1535
) authorizes any agency to obtain goods and services from and reimburse any other agency if certain criteria are met.
42 U.S.C. § 10367 - 10368 | Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (
SECURE Water Act
(Pub. L. 111-11)
Authorizes (Title IX, Subtitle F, Sec. 9507 and 9508) the implementation of the national streamflow information program (more than 4,700 federal priority streamgages), development of a systematic groundwater monitoring program for each major aquifer system (the National Groundwater Monitoring Network), completion of a national brackish groundwater assessment, and implementation of the national water availability and use assessment program.
The subsequent reauthorization of the SECURE Water Act:
Public Law 118-174
43 U.S.C. § 36(b) | The Act of December 24, 1942,
as amended
Pub. L. 86-406
Provides that “The Secretary of the Interior may, on behalf of the United States and for the use by the Geological Survey in gaging streams and underground water resources, acquire lands by donation or when funds have been appropriated by Congress by purchase or condemnation” 36(c) Acceptance of contributions from public and private sources; cooperation with other agencies in prosecution of projects.
33 U.S.C. § 2352 |
Water Resources Development Act of 2000
(Pub. L. 106-541)
Provides for the conservation and development of water and related resources. It authorizes the Secretary of the Army through the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, to conduct studies, construct projects, and research activities that can lead to the improvement of rivers and harbors of the United States.
43 U.S.C. § 371 | Reclamation Projects Authorization and Adjustment Act of 1992,
as amended
Pub. L. 104–46
Amends the 1992 law to add Section 3001, "Western Water Policy Review Act of 1992." Directs the President to undertake a comprehensive review of Federal activities in the 19 western States that directly or indirectly affect the allocation and use of resources, whether surface or subsurface. The Secretary of the Interior, "... given … responsibilities for … investigations and reviews into ground water resources through the Geologic Survey (now United States Geological Survey).
25 U.S.C. § 450 et seq. |
Tribal Self-Governance Act of 1994
(Pub. L. 103-413)
Requires that the Department of the Interior (DOI) publish an annual list of non-Bureau of Indian Affairs programs, services, functions, and activities, or portions thereof, that are eligible for inclusion in agreements negotiated under DOI’s self-governance program. The USGS mentions the collection, analysis, and provision information on biology, geology, hydrology, and geography that contribute to the wise management of the Nation’s natural resources and to the health, safety, and well-being of the American people.
16 U.S.C. § 797(a)(c) |
Hydropower Regulatory Efficiency Act of 2013
(Pub. L. 113-23)
Authorizes Federal Energy Regulatory Commission investigations and data collection concerning the utilization of the water resources of any region to be developed (Section 797 (a)). Section 797(c) directs the FERC “to cooperate with the executive departments and other agencies of States or National Governments in such investigations; and for such purposes the several departments and agencies of the National Government are authorized and directed upon the request of the commission to furnish such records, papers, and information in their possession as may be requested by the commission, and temporarily to detail to the commission such officers or experts as may be necessary in such investigations.”
42 U.S.C. § 5845(c) |
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
(Pub. L. 93–438)
Directs all Federal agencies to “... (2)... furnish to the (Nuclear Regulatory) Commission... such research services... for the performance of its functions; and (3) consult and cooperate with the Commission on research development matters of mutual interest and provide such information and physical access to its facilities as will assist the Commission in acquiring the expertise necessary to perform its licensing and related regulatory functions.”
16 U.S.C. § 1451 et seq. |
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1976
(Pub. L. 92–583)
Provides that each department, agency, and instrumentality of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government may assist the Secretary of Commerce, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, in carrying out research and technical assistance for coastal zone management.
Here is a full list of
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program authorizations
Contacts
Chad R Wagner
Program Coordinator
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Program Coordinator
National Water Quality Program
Program Coordinator, Water Observing Systems Portfolio (WOSP)
Water Resources Mission Area
Email
cwagner@usgs.gov
Phone
919-571-4021
National Water Monitoring Networks
National Water Monitoring Networks Inbox
Water Resources Mission Area
Email
waternetworks@usgs.gov
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Below are other pages associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
March 20, 2025
National Water Monitoring Network
To manage our water resources effectively, we need to understand how much water is available and its usefulness. The USGS monitors the nation’s water resources through various national observing networks that use a range of technologies and methods to assess real-time water conditions and predict future changes in water availability for human and ecological uses.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
National Water Monitoring Network
March 20, 2025
National Water Monitoring Network
To manage our water resources effectively, we need to understand how much water is available and its usefulness. The USGS monitors the nation’s water resources through various national observing networks that use a range of technologies and methods to assess real-time water conditions and predict future changes in water availability for human and ecological uses.
April 8, 2025
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) are automated stations that monitor water conditions in streams and rivers throughout the country. Originally established in 1999, these are important for meeting specific long-term needs of the Nation. The FPS Network was recently re-prioritized which resulted in size of the network increasing to nearly 12,400 locations.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
April 8, 2025
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS)
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) are automated stations that monitor water conditions in streams and rivers throughout the country. Originally established in 1999, these are important for meeting specific long-term needs of the Nation. The FPS Network was recently re-prioritized which resulted in size of the network increasing to nearly 12,400 locations.
August 26, 2024
Centennial Streamgages
Centennial Streamgages are USGS streamgages that have been in operation for more than 100 years.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Centennial Streamgages
August 26, 2024
Centennial Streamgages
Centennial Streamgages are USGS streamgages that have been in operation for more than 100 years.
March 26, 2024
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
Get the facts and figures about the USGS Streamgaging Network, one of the largest streamgaging enterprises in the world!
By
Water Resources Mission Area
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
March 26, 2024
USGS Streamgages By the Numbers
Get the facts and figures about the USGS Streamgaging Network, one of the largest streamgaging enterprises in the world!
April 26, 2021
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
The Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) supports water availability assessments, management, and prediction by enhancing water observations in basins that represent major U.S. hydrologic regions. The Delaware River Basin was the first Integrated Water Science basin selected, providing an opportunity to implement the NGWOS program in a nationally important, complex interstate river...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
April 26, 2021
Next Generation Water Observing System: Delaware River Basin
The Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) supports water availability assessments, management, and prediction by enhancing water observations in basins that represent major U.S. hydrologic regions. The Delaware River Basin was the first Integrated Water Science basin selected, providing an opportunity to implement the NGWOS program in a nationally important, complex interstate river...
March 4, 2019
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs) are fully-functional streamgages designed to be deployed quickly and temporarily to measure and transmit stream stage data in emergency situations.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
March 4, 2019
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs)
Rapid Deployment Gages (RDGs) are fully-functional streamgages designed to be deployed quickly and temporarily to measure and transmit stream stage data in emergency situations.
March 4, 2019
StreamStats
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
StreamStats
March 4, 2019
StreamStats
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
March 3, 2019
Streamgaging Basics
A streamgage is a structure installed beside a stream or river that contains equipment that measures and records the water level (called gage height or stage) of the stream. Streamflow (also called discharge) is computed from measured water levels using a site-specific relation (called a stage-discharge rating curve) developed from onsite water level and streamflow measurements made by USGS...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Streamgaging Basics
March 3, 2019
Streamgaging Basics
A streamgage is a structure installed beside a stream or river that contains equipment that measures and records the water level (called gage height or stage) of the stream. Streamflow (also called discharge) is computed from measured water levels using a site-specific relation (called a stage-discharge rating curve) developed from onsite water level and streamflow measurements made by USGS...
March 2, 2019
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
During large coastal storms, the storm surge and waves are the main cause of destruction and landscape change, transporting saline water, sediment, and debris inland. The USGS, in collaboration with stakeholders, has constructed a national Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network for the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Central Pacific. SWaTH monitors and documents the height, extent, and...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
March 2, 2019
Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network
During large coastal storms, the storm surge and waves are the main cause of destruction and landscape change, transporting saline water, sediment, and debris inland. The USGS, in collaboration with stakeholders, has constructed a national Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network for the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Central Pacific. SWaTH monitors and documents the height, extent, and...
Below are multimedia items associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
November 18, 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
This is a thumbnail for an animation showing the changing conditions relative to the historic record of USGS streamgages from October 1, 2023 - September 30, 2024. The river conditions shown range from the driest condition seen at a gage (red open circles) to the wettest (blue closed circles).
By
Water Resources Mission Area
November 18, 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
U.S. River Conditions for Water Year 2024
This is a thumbnail for an animation showing the changing conditions relative to the historic record of USGS streamgages from October 1, 2023 - September 30, 2024. The river conditions shown range from the driest condition seen at a gage (red open circles) to the wettest (blue closed circles).
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Three images of gages with white text on green background. Text reads: USGS Gages working for you
Collecting water data for the U.S.
March 29, 2023
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
The USGS collects water data daily across the U.S. using sensors that automatically sample the data at set intervals. We have over 11,000 of these devices, known as gages, in our nationwide network.
The data from these gages are used in decision-making at all levels, from recreationists to congresspersons.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
March 29, 2023
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
Collecting water data for the U.S.
The USGS collects water data daily across the U.S. using sensors that automatically sample the data at set intervals. We have over 11,000 of these devices, known as gages, in our nationwide network.
The data from these gages are used in decision-making at all levels, from recreationists to congresspersons.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
picture of car in a flood and screenshot of WaterAlert text notification. Text reads, 'subscribe to alerts for water conditio
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
September 8, 2022
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
The Water Data for the Nation team in USGS's Water Resources Mission Area has modernized our nationwide alert service: WaterAlert. With
WaterAlert
you can subscribe to text or email alerts for recent water conditions
that matter most to you.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
September 8, 2022
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
How to Use NextGen WaterAlert
The Water Data for the Nation team in USGS's Water Resources Mission Area has modernized our nationwide alert service: WaterAlert. With
WaterAlert
you can subscribe to text or email alerts for recent water conditions
that matter most to you.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
March 5, 2019
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
What is water up to? Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams - USGS Streamgaging and the Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program.
By
Water Resources
National Water Quality Program
Water Resources Research Act Program
Communications and Publishing
March 5, 2019
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
USGS Streamgaging — Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams
What is water up to? Keeping the pulse on the Nation’s streams - USGS Streamgaging and the Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program.
By
Water Resources
National Water Quality Program
Water Resources Research Act Program
Communications and Publishing
Below are publications associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
February 5, 2019
Monitoring the pulse of our Nation's rivers and streams—The U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network
Monitoring the pulse of our Nation's rivers and streams—The U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network
In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages to help design water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly...
Authors
Sandra M. Eberts, Michael D. Woodside, Mark N. Landers, Chad R. Wagner
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
July 2, 2025
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 12,165 continuous surface-water monitoring locations (streamgages) across the United States in 2024. The streamgages provide information on river height and streamflow, typically at 15-minute intervals. This information is then made available to everyone, most of it delivered nearly in realtime on the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authors
Brian E. McCallum, Melissa L. Riskin
By
Water Resources Mission Area
September 23, 2024
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network—2023
The U.S. Geological Survey National Streamgage Network—2023
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 11,850 continuous surface-water monitoring locations (streamgages) across the United States in 2023. The streamgages provide information on river height and streamflow, typically at 15-minute intervals. This information is then made available to everyone, most of it delivered nearly in realtime on the USGS National Water Dashboard.
Authors
Brian E. McCallum
By
Water Resources Mission Area
January 1, 2010
Discharge measurements at gaging stations
Discharge measurements at gaging stations
The techniques and standards for making discharge measurements at streamflow gaging stations are described in this publication. The vertical axis rotating-element current meter, principally the Price current meter, has been traditionally used for most measurements of discharge; however, advancements in acoustic technology have led to important developments in the use of acoustic Doppler...
Authors
D. Phil Turnipseed, Vernon B. Sauer
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Below are data or web applications associated with the USGS streamgaging network.
June 22, 2021
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
The National Water Dashboard (NWD) is a mobile, interactive tool that provides real-time information on water levels, weather, and flood forecasts - all in one place on a computer, smartphone, or other mobile device. The NWD presents real-time stream, lake and reservoir, precipitation, and groundwater data from more than 13,500 USGS observation stations across the country.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
Office of Risk and Resilience
Saline Lake Ecosystems Integrated Water Availability Assessment
January 29, 2026
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN)
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN)
Water Data for the Nation (WDFN) is the home for USGS’s modernization of public delivery of water data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Central Plains Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
January 29, 2026
USGS Water Data APIs
USGS Water Data APIs
This site is the home for modernized access to USGS water data in machine-readable formats via REST APIs, a common type of web service programs use to search and download data. These services provide USGS water data, ranging from continuous measurements of streamflow to information about individual USGS sites and more.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Alaska Science Center
Arizona Water Science Center
California Water Science Center
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
Central Midwest Water Science Center
Central Plains Water Science Center
Colorado Water Science Center
Dakota Water Science Center
Idaho Water Science Center
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
Nevada Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Utah Water Science Center
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Washington Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
October 1, 2022
WaterAlert
WaterAlert
The U.S. Geological Survey WaterAlert service provides notifications to your email or phone for changes in water conditions based on thresholds you choose.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF)
National Water Quality Laboratory
Office of Risk and Resilience
Water Science School
May 10, 2021
Flood Event Viewer
Flood Event Viewer
During major storms or other short-term events, the USGS collects streamflow and additional data (including storm tide, wave height, high-water marks, and additional sensor deployments) to aid in documenting flood events. The USGS Flood Event Viewer provides convenient, map-based access to downloadable event-based data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Communications and Publishing
Gulf of America
Hurricane Dorian
Hurricane Jose
Hurricane Nate
Hurricanes
May 9, 2021
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Mapper
Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS) Mapper
This mapper identifies USGS Federal Priority Streamgages (FPS). FPS are monitoring stations that track the amount of water in streams and rivers across the Nation to meet long-term federal information needs. They are strategically positioned to serve as a backbone for the larger National Streamflow Network that is operated in cooperation with over 1,200 federal, state, tribal, and local agencies.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Water Science School
August 17, 2020
Gages Through the Ages (data visualization story)
Gages Through the Ages (data visualization story)
The USGS has been measuring streamflow since 1889. Explore how USGS streamgages have been supporting our Nation's changing water-resource needs and priorities for 130 years in an interactive data visualization story.
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Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
March 4, 2019
StreamStats Application
StreamStats Application
StreamStats provides access to spatial analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering and design purposes. The map-based user interface can be used to delineate drainage areas, get basin characteristics and estimates of flow statistics, and more. Available information varies from state to state.
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Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New England Water Science Center
New Jersey Water Science Center
New Mexico Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Oregon Water Science Center
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
March 4, 2019
Endangered, Discontinued, and Rescued Streamgages Mapper
Endangered, Discontinued, and Rescued Streamgages Mapper
This mapper identifies USGS streamgages that are in danger of being discontinued or converted to a reduced level of service due to lack of funding, gages that already have been discontinued, and gages that have been ‘rescued’ by a new funding source.
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Water Resources Mission Area
Idaho Water Science Center
New York Water Science Center
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Water Science School
July 2, 2018
StreamStats Batch Processing Tool
StreamStats Batch Processing Tool
This tool produces shapefiles that contain the delineated basins, basin characteristics, and flow statistics for multiple sites requested at once by users. Before this tool can be used, the the points of interest will likely need to be edited in GIS so that they are coincident with the stream grid used by StreamStats for delineations and saved to a shapefile.
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Water Resources Mission Area
June 29, 2018
StreamStats Web Services
StreamStats Web Services
The StreamStats application uses data web services that were created for it. When in use, the application manages interactions between the user and the services. However, the web services can be directly accessed using the StreamStats Service API documented here or consumed by a custom client application using HTTP protocols.
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Water Resources Mission Area
Below are software products associated with this project.
March 4, 2019
The Groundwater Toolbox: A Graphical and Mapping Interface for Analysis of Hydrologic Data
The Groundwater Toolbox: A Graphical and Mapping Interface for Analysis of Hydrologic Data
The Groundwater Toolbox is a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data. It provides methods to estimate many of the components of the water budget for a hydrologic basin, including precipitation, streamflow, base flow, runoff, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. As of May 2022, the Groundwater Toolbox has been superseded by the Hydrologic Toolbox.
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Water Resources Mission Area
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