Papers by vijay kumar kaul
Phrased based T2 model: A review of Google translate, Bing translator & Anusaaraka
International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 2017
This paper is an observation of few attempts under the major area of NLP from the translation per... more This paper is an observation of few attempts under the major area of NLP from the translation perspective especially based on Google Translation, Bing Translation, and Anusaarka, the MT systems for translating Source Language (SL) English to Target Language (TL) Hindi with all the regular/irregular phrases. After the parametric evaluation of these phrase based examples, it's found that all the systems are having some of basic problems at several stages and the result is bit far from desired output. The following outputs of all the translation systems are under evaluation and whatever translation methodology is used by them till date, has some drawbacks. PBMT (Phrase Based Teaching and Testing Modal) is proved useful in solving these issues. Therefore, this approach can be used for phrase to phrase accurate translation, which will enhance the quality and robustness of statistical as well as Rule-Based system. Introduction Since Machine Translation came under NLP in current research trend, it is directed to one of the most important applications of computational linguistics that uses the computer software and web to translate text from one Source Language (SL) to Target Language (TL). In 21 st century the awareness regarding automatic MT system among the people is an astonished work by machine and soon India is going to be huge market for NLP probably in Automated Machine Translation field. There are such priority basis work is under development. The government is funding several projects to develop a quick and fast localize language based MT system where the administrative and government notices can be frequently translated in all the Indian languages whether in text or speech need to be quick translated in the text or speech of another languages without delay. This field has involved several research scholars and renowned NLP contributors from various fields who are working with multiple methodologies and approach used frequently in MT System. We consistently effort to prepare the effective algorithm and apply to get the current MT output and compare it that how is it closer o desired output. Simultaneously, the following mechanism is still under progress to get the closest one. Among all the approaches of MT, one of the renowned and most applicable approaches is called PBMT (Phrased Based Machine Translation) approach for Machine translation which aims to skip the restriction of word-based translation by translating whole sequences or the given phrase of sentence, where lengths of the sentence may differ at many level. This modal is in use from quite some time in different modified form like PBM (Phrase Based Method) and HPBM (Hierarchical Phrased Based Method). In fact, after the certain process in MT System from beginning, it is forced to use (PB) method. So this approach is taken for testing and
This paper is an observation of few attempts under the major area of NLP from the translation per... more This paper is an observation of few attempts under the major area of NLP from the translation perspective especially based on Google Translation, Bing Translation, and Anusaarka, the MT systems for translating Source Language (SL) English to Target Language (TL) Hindi with all the regular/irregular phrases. After the parametric evaluation of these phrase based examples, it's found that all the systems are having some of basic problems at several stages and the result is bit far from desired output. The following outputs of all the translation systems are under evaluation and whatever translation methodology is used by them till date, has some drawbacks. PBMT (Phrase Based Teaching and Testing Modal) is proved useful in solving these issues. Therefore, this approach can be used for phrase to phrase accurate translation, which will enhance the quality and robustness of statistical as well as Rule-Based system.
Osbert Publishing House Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi, 2017
भारत प्राचीन काल से बहुभाषी देश रहा है। इस देश में आर्य और द्रविड भाषा परिवार के अतिरिक्त आस्ट्र... more भारत प्राचीन काल से बहुभाषी देश रहा है। इस देश में आर्य और द्रविड भाषा परिवार के अतिरिक्त आस्ट्रिक और तिब्बतो-बर्मन कुल की भी भाषाएं बोली जाती हैं। आज भारत का कोई भी भारतीय प्रदेश ऐसा नहीं है जो पूर्णतः एकभाषी हो, एक भी ऐसी प्रमुख भारतीय भाषा नहीं जिसके बोलने वाले कम-से-कम तीन संपर्क भाषा का प्रयोग न करते हो और न ही कोई ऐसा भाषायी समुदाय है जिसके भाषायी कोष में कम-से-कम तीन भिन्न भाषिक कोड न हों। वर्तमान में आधुनिकीकरण का अर्थ डिजिटल हो जाना हो गया है। डिजिटल होने का सामान्य अर्थ है किसी भी सूचना, सेवा या प्रोडक्ट की पहुँच विश्व के किसी भी कोने से किसी भी व्यक्ति के लिए संभव हो। सूचना विस्फोट के इस युग में न केवल वैज्ञानिकों, शिक्षकों एवं अधिकारियों के लिये बल्कि आम आदमी के लिए भी तीव्र गति से सूचना तथा जानकारी का आदान-प्रदान अत्यंत आवश्यक हो गया है। इस शोध पत्र में भारतीय भाषाओं के लिए डिजिटल भाषिक मानचित्र के बारे में बताया गया है। इस डिजिटल मानचित्र की मदद से विश्व के किसी भी कोने पर बैठे हुए भारतीय भाषाओं, बोलियों तथा उपबोलियों की जनसांख्यिकीय, व्याकरणिक तथा उसके वंशानुक्रम की स्थिति से संबंधित जानकारी त्वरित रूप से प्राप्त की जा सकेगी। अर्थात जैसे - बोलने वालो की संख्या, भाषा क्षेत्र, उस भाषा की बोलियाँ तथा उपबोलियाँ, उस भाषा का उद्भव तथा विकास, उस भाषा की सामाजिक स्थिति, उसकी पड़ोसी भाषाएँ, शब्द-क्रम इत्यादि की सामान्य जानकारी बैठे-बैठे कंप्यूटर के माध्यम से प्राप्त की जा सकेगी।
Deletion is a process taking place in many languages ofthe world. This paper summs up the deletio... more Deletion is a process taking place in many languages ofthe world. This paper summs up the deletion process and levelsin Hindi Urdu
Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative ... more Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative suffix, it appears to be synonymous with the possessive marker in most of the cases. Its use as a suffix with adjectives covers a wider range of meanings, mostly demonstrating intensity. However, its use with verbs gives it a different function (mostly syntactic) extending to the morpho-semantic levels. Its usage with verbs invites a deeper analysis and description. The paper attempts to bring in the usage of wμ alμ a in expressions to evaluate its meaning and usage at morphological, lexical and semantic levels. It further attempts at investigating its usage at pragmatic level as well. Also a diagnostic test is evolved to determine its varied range of usage with the verbs clarifying some confusions appearing at that level.
DELETION IS A PROCESS TAKING PLACE AT PHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTIC LEVELS. THE DELET... more DELETION IS A PROCESS TAKING PLACE AT PHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTIC LEVELS. THE DELETION TAKING PLACE IN URDU/ HINDI HAPPENS IN A TYPICAL WAY.
Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative ... more Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative suffix, it appears to be synonymous with the possessive marker in most of the cases. Its use as a suffix with adjectives covers a wider range of meanings, mostly demonstrating intensity. However, its use with verbs gives it a different function (mostly syntactic) extending to the morpho-semantic levels. Its usage with verbs invites a deeper analysis and description. The paper attempts to bring in the usage of wμ alμ a in expressions to evaluate its meaning and usage at morphological, lexical and semantic levels. It further attempts at investigating its usage at pragmatic level as well. Also a diagnostic test is evolved to determine its varied range of usage with the verbs clarifying some confusions appearing at that level.
Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative ... more Wμ alμ a normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/ Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative suffix, it appears to be synonymous with the possessive marker in most of the cases. Its use as a suffix with adjectives covers a wider range of meanings, mostly demonstrating intensity. However, its use with verbs gives it a different function (mostly syntactic) extending to the morpho-semantic levels. Its usage with verbs invites a deeper analysis and description. The paper attempts to bring in the usage of wμ alμ a in expressions to evaluate its meaning and usage at morphological, lexical and semantic levels. It further attempts at investigating its usage at pragmatic level as well. Also a diagnostic test is evolved to determine its varied range of usage with the verbs clarifying some confusions appearing at that level.
A shift from syntax and semantics as the principle objects of study to the development of theorie... more A shift from syntax and semantics as the principle objects of study to the development of theories that cast language use in terms of a broader theory of goal-motivated behaviour and that seek primarily to explain how a speaker's cognitive state motivates him to engage in an act of communication, how a speaker devises utterances with which to perform the act, and how acts of Communications affect the cognitive states of hearers.
Ever since the emergence and a sort of outdating of structuralism, linguistics as a subject of en... more Ever since the emergence and a sort of outdating of structuralism, linguistics as a subject of enquiry has seen many theoretical and empirical modes of development. Be it Chomeskyan mentalese or Hallidayan Socio-cultural aspects, all the modern /contemporary theoretical development has proved it beyond doubt that language has something to do with mind/cognition. Yet another development with the technological advancement paved a way for linguistics to grow and sustain in language technology, giving rise to computational linguistics and other language technology based research and development. A shift from syntax and semantics as the principle objects of study to the development of theories that cast language use in terms of a broader theory of goal-motivated behaviour and that seek primarily to explain how a speaker's cognitive state motivates him to engage in an act of communication, how a speaker devises utterances with which to perform the act, and how acts of Communications affect the cognitive states of hearers.
Hindi, Hindu and Hindustan like words are not from Sanskrit origin. But they are from Persian ori... more Hindi, Hindu and Hindustan like words are not from Sanskrit origin. But they are from Persian origin. Hindi is the language of North India but its name was suggested by some Iranian Muslims. The facts stays that Hindi is the language of India and is largely spoken in north and central India, in addition it also serves as a lingual frank for cross linguistic communication.
Key words: Multilingual; primary language; second language; census of India; educational policy; ... more Key words: Multilingual; primary language; second language; census of India; educational policy; political linguistics; social domains.
Speaks of the word Hindi, its name, usage and the prospectus.
Speaks of the development towards creating a meaningful tie up with the industry, in the field of... more Speaks of the development towards creating a meaningful tie up with the industry, in the field of language engineering and language technology.
The emergence of language engineering discipline may strike many researchers in the field as bein... more The emergence of language engineering discipline may strike many researchers in the field as being largely detached from the mainstream of current work. Most of the current sponsors of research in language engineering understand the scientific nature of the enterprise and are likely to continue their support even in the face of minor successes on the engineering front. The impact of an engineering arm can only add to our field's basis of support by bringing in new support from the commercial sector There is a real possibility that as commercial enterprises enter the natural-language field, they will seek to build in-house groups by attracting researchers from universities and nonprofit institutions.
Drafts by vijay kumar kaul
Vijay Kumar Kaul*
Abstract
WAlA normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/Urdu, has a wide range of... more Vijay Kumar Kaul*
Abstract
WAlA normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative suffix, it appears to be synonymous with the possessive marker in most of the cases. Its use as a suffix with adjectives covers a wider range of meanings, mostly demonstrating intensity. However, its use with verbs gives it a different function (mostly syntactic) extending to the morpho-semantic levels. Its usage with verbs invites a deeper analysis and description. The paper attempts to bring in the usage of wAlA in expressions to evaluate its meaning and usage at morphological, lexical and semantic levels. It further attempts at investigating its usage at pragmatic level as well. Also a diagnostic test is evolved to determine its varied range of usage with the verbs clarifying some confusions appearing at that level.
Key words: intensifier; insertion; complementary distribution; qualifier; participle (habitual/passive).
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Papers by vijay kumar kaul
Drafts by vijay kumar kaul
Abstract
WAlA normally a nominative suffix in Hindi/Urdu, has a wide range of usage. As a nominative suffix, it appears to be synonymous with the possessive marker in most of the cases. Its use as a suffix with adjectives covers a wider range of meanings, mostly demonstrating intensity. However, its use with verbs gives it a different function (mostly syntactic) extending to the morpho-semantic levels. Its usage with verbs invites a deeper analysis and description. The paper attempts to bring in the usage of wAlA in expressions to evaluate its meaning and usage at morphological, lexical and semantic levels. It further attempts at investigating its usage at pragmatic level as well. Also a diagnostic test is evolved to determine its varied range of usage with the verbs clarifying some confusions appearing at that level.
Key words: intensifier; insertion; complementary distribution; qualifier; participle (habitual/passive).