What causes drought? | U.S. Geological S

What causes drought? | U.S. Geological Survey
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What causes drought?
A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions that results in water-related problems.
The amount of precipitation at a particular location varies from year to year, but over a period of years the average amount is fairly constant. In the deserts of the Southwest, the average precipitation is less than 3 inches per year. In contrast, the average precipitation in the Northwest is more than 150 inches per year.
When little or no rain falls, soils can dry out and plants can die. When rainfall is less than normal for a period of weeks to years, streamflows decline, water levels in lakes and reservoirs fall, and the depth to water in wells increases. If dry weather persists and water-supply problems develop, the dry period can become a drought.
Learn more:
USGS Drought website
National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS)
Related
FAQ
Multimedia
Publications
News
When does a drought begin and end?
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
When does a drought begin and end?
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
To view the USGS streamflow information on drought, see the drought map on our WaterWatch site, which shows below-normal, 7-day average streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the United States. Links to additional maps and drought data are listed on the USGS Drought website and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS).
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
To view the USGS streamflow information on drought, see the drought map on our WaterWatch site, which shows below-normal, 7-day average streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the United States. Links to additional maps and drought data are listed on the USGS Drought website and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS).
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions. Below are some of the regional impacts of global change forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: North America: Decreasing snowpack in the...
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions. Below are some of the regional impacts of global change forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: North America: Decreasing snowpack in the...
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms will likely occur. As more water vapor is evaporated into the atmosphere it becomes fuel for more powerful storms to develop. More heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures can lead to increased wind speeds in tropical storms. Rising sea levels expose higher locations...
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms will likely occur. As more water vapor is evaporated into the atmosphere it becomes fuel for more powerful storms to develop. More heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures can lead to increased wind speeds in tropical storms. Rising sea levels expose higher locations...
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
Although people tend to use these terms interchangeably, global warming is just one aspect of climate change. “Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and...
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
Although people tend to use these terms interchangeably, global warming is just one aspect of climate change. “Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and...
What are some of the signs of climate change?
What are some of the signs of climate change?
• Temperatures are rising world-wide due to greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the atmosphere. • Droughts are becoming longer and more extreme around the world. • Tropical storms becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures. • As temperatures rise there is less snowpack in mountain ranges and polar areas and the snow melts faster. • Overall, glaciers are melting at a faster rate...
What are some of the signs of climate change?
What are some of the signs of climate change?
• Temperatures are rising world-wide due to greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the atmosphere. • Droughts are becoming longer and more extreme around the world. • Tropical storms becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures. • As temperatures rise there is less snowpack in mountain ranges and polar areas and the snow melts faster. • Overall, glaciers are melting at a faster rate...
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
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A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change—Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation is a 25-minute documentary about collaborative studies using conventional physical sciences, combined with tribal elder observations to show that local knowledge and conventional science partnerships can effectively document ecosystem change and determine the resulting challenges to livelihoods.&
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Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
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Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
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Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
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PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
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End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
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End of Dry Season
Dead molluscs and raccoon tracks are concentrated in cracks in mud in the substrate of a dried-down tidal pond. Increased frequency and duration of droughts are predicted by some climate models.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is using collaborative, interdisciplinary planning to develop data and tools needed to optimize the management of water resources and land use by resource management agencies during an ongoing, multidecadal drought in the Colorado River Basin. The USGS Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology team works to build relationships with...
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RESTON, Va. —
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May 23, 2025
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August 15, 2024
Understanding and Managing Drought-Induced Ecological Transformations
CASC scientists explore how drought can cause lasting transformational changes in terrestrial ecosystems.
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USGS Science – Leading the Way for Preparedness
September 18, 2018
USGS Science – Leading the Way for Preparedness
Learn About USGS Hazards Science and More About National Preparedness Month:
The very nature of natural hazards means that they have the potential to
...
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Plant Functional Groups Affect Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands
March 23, 2018
Plant Functional Groups Affect Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands
Plant functional groups have contrasting effects on soil water availability by affecting interception, uptake, and transpiration.
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New Warning System Identifies Flash Drought Quickly
July 12, 2017
New Warning System Identifies Flash Drought Quickly
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New USGS Science Plan Designed to Help Plan for Drought Effects on People, Communities, and Ecosystems
June 5, 2017
New USGS Science Plan Designed to Help Plan for Drought Effects on People, Communities, and Ecosystems
The U. S. Geological Survey is poised to bring a dynamic array of science and tools to help decision-makers manage and offset effects of increased...
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Unprecedented Drought in the West
October 6, 2015
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Drought has left the West parched and thirsty. Families, businesses, and farmers all need water, as do fish, wildlife, and their habitats.
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Low 2015 Snowpack and River Flows Studied to Provide Insight Into Future Droughts
September 8, 2015
Low 2015 Snowpack and River Flows Studied to Provide Insight Into Future Droughts
U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic technicians are currently taking measurements from hundreds of streams and rivers across the western United States...
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Data-driven Insights on the California Drought
December 8, 2014
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A newly released interactive California Drought visualization website aims to provide the public with atlas-like, state-wide coverage of the drought...
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Related
When does a drought begin and end?
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
When does a drought begin and end?
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
To view the USGS streamflow information on drought, see the drought map on our WaterWatch site, which shows below-normal, 7-day average streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the United States. Links to additional maps and drought data are listed on the USGS Drought website and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS).
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
Where in the Nation are droughts or very low flows occurring now? How can I see these sites on a map and get to the data?
To view the USGS streamflow information on drought, see the drought map on our WaterWatch site, which shows below-normal, 7-day average streamflow compared to historical streamflow for the United States. Links to additional maps and drought data are listed on the USGS Drought website and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS).
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions. Below are some of the regional impacts of global change forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: North America: Decreasing snowpack in the...
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
What are the long-term effects of climate change?
Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-arid regions. Below are some of the regional impacts of global change forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: North America: Decreasing snowpack in the...
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms will likely occur. As more water vapor is evaporated into the atmosphere it becomes fuel for more powerful storms to develop. More heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures can lead to increased wind speeds in tropical storms. Rising sea levels expose higher locations...
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
How can climate change affect natural disasters?
With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms will likely occur. As more water vapor is evaporated into the atmosphere it becomes fuel for more powerful storms to develop. More heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures can lead to increased wind speeds in tropical storms. Rising sea levels expose higher locations...
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
Although people tend to use these terms interchangeably, global warming is just one aspect of climate change. “Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and...
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
Although people tend to use these terms interchangeably, global warming is just one aspect of climate change. “Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and...
What are some of the signs of climate change?
What are some of the signs of climate change?
• Temperatures are rising world-wide due to greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the atmosphere. • Droughts are becoming longer and more extreme around the world. • Tropical storms becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures. • As temperatures rise there is less snowpack in mountain ranges and polar areas and the snow melts faster. • Overall, glaciers are melting at a faster rate...
What are some of the signs of climate change?
What are some of the signs of climate change?
• Temperatures are rising world-wide due to greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the atmosphere. • Droughts are becoming longer and more extreme around the world. • Tropical storms becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures. • As temperatures rise there is less snowpack in mountain ranges and polar areas and the snow melts faster. • Overall, glaciers are melting at a faster rate...
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
July 30, 2017
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change—Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation is a 25-minute documentary about collaborative studies using conventional physical sciences, combined with tribal elder observations to show that local knowledge and conventional science partnerships can effectively document ecosystem change and determine the resulting challenges to livelihoods.&
By
Climate Research and Development Program
Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Communications and Publishing
July 30, 2017
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo N.
A Record of Change—Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation is a 25-minute documentary about collaborative studies using conventional physical sciences, combined with tribal elder observations to show that local knowledge and conventional science partnerships can effectively document ecosystem change and determine the resulting challenges to livelihoods.&
By
Climate Research and Development Program
Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Communications and Publishing
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
September 1, 2016
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
This short video is one of a series of four total shorts highlighting USGS water science in California's Delta region. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is the hub of the state's water system. Water quality touches on all aspects of life. Teams of U.S.
By
Communications and Publishing
Drought
San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary
September 1, 2016
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
Drought, Drinking Water and Natural Environments
This short video is one of a series of four total shorts highlighting USGS water science in California's Delta region. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is the hub of the state's water system. Water quality touches on all aspects of life. Teams of U.S.
By
Communications and Publishing
Drought
San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
May 23, 2016
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
The surface level of Lake Mead in Nevada and Arizona has fallen to a historic low as 16 years of ongoing drought in the American Southwest continue to impact the Colorado River Basin.
By
National Land Imaging Program
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
May 23, 2016
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
Lake Mead Reaches Historic Low
The surface level of Lake Mead in Nevada and Arizona has fallen to a historic low as 16 years of ongoing drought in the American Southwest continue to impact the Colorado River Basin.
By
National Land Imaging Program
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
September 1, 2015
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
A scientist from the University of California, Berkeley climbs a giant sequoia to measure its drought stress.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
September 1, 2015
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
Scientist Climbs Giant Sequoia, Sequoia National Park, CA
A scientist from the University of California, Berkeley climbs a giant sequoia to measure its drought stress.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
August 26, 2015
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
A hydrologic technician from the USGS Idaho Water Science Center measures streamflow in Lightning Creek at Clark Fork, ID. The USGS is collecting data at hundreds of sites on rivers and streams in six western states to document the 2015 drought. USGS scientists will analyze the data to identify which rivers and streams may be most vulnerable to future droughts.
By
Idaho Water Science Center
Drought
August 26, 2015
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
USGS Documents 2015 Western U.S. Drought
A hydrologic technician from the USGS Idaho Water Science Center measures streamflow in Lightning Creek at Clark Fork, ID. The USGS is collecting data at hundreds of sites on rivers and streams in six western states to document the 2015 drought. USGS scientists will analyze the data to identify which rivers and streams may be most vulnerable to future droughts.
By
Idaho Water Science Center
Drought
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
November 20, 2014
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
California's Central Valley Hydrologic Science
by Claudia Faunt, USGS Hydrologist
By
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
November 20, 2014
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
PubTalk 11/2014 — Water, Nuts, and the Nation's Fruit Bowl
California's Central Valley Hydrologic Science
by Claudia Faunt, USGS Hydrologist
By
Communications and Publishing
Public Lecture Series
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
February 3, 2013
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Drought
February 3, 2013
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
Stillwater Creek in drought conditions
By
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Drought
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
June 13, 2010
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
The white colored rock (approximately 100ft high) shows the drop in the water level of Lake Mead as a result of the ongoing 10-year drought along the Colorado River.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Drought
June 13, 2010
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
Drought Effect
The white colored rock (approximately 100ft high) shows the drop in the water level of Lake Mead as a result of the ongoing 10-year drought along the Colorado River.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Communications and Publishing
Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) incorporates satellite observations of vegetation to monitor at a finer spatial detail than other commonly used drought indicators.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
Vegetation Drought
The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) incorporates satellite observations of vegetation to monitor at a finer spatial detail than other commonly used drought indicators.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Communications and Publishing
Drought
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
Dead molluscs and raccoon tracks are concentrated in cracks in mud in the substrate of a dried-down tidal pond. Increased frequency and duration of droughts are predicted by some climate models.
By
Water Resources
Communications and Publishing
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
End of Dry Season
Dead molluscs and raccoon tracks are concentrated in cracks in mud in the substrate of a dried-down tidal pond. Increased frequency and duration of droughts are predicted by some climate models.
By
Water Resources
Communications and Publishing
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California's hotter drought has already killed millions of trees, particularly in low-elevation forests.
By
Communications and Publishing
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California’s Hotter Drought and Tree Death
California's hotter drought has already killed millions of trees, particularly in low-elevation forests.
By
Communications and Publishing
August 20, 2025
Collaborative drought science planning in the Colorado River Basin
Collaborative drought science planning in the Colorado River Basin
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is using collaborative, interdisciplinary planning to develop data and tools needed to optimize the management of water resources and land use by resource management agencies during an ongoing, multidecadal drought in the Colorado River Basin. The USGS Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology team works to build relationships with...
Authors
Patrick J. Anderson, Jeanne E. Godaire, Daniel K. Jones, William J. Andrews, Alicia A. Torregrosa, Meghan T. Bell, JoAnn M. Holloway, Molly A. Blakowski, Joseph A. Hevesi, Sharon L. Qi
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Fort Collins Science Center
Colorado River Basin: Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology
Drought
January 14, 2025
U.S. Geological Survey National Groundwater Climate Response Network
U.S. Geological Survey National Groundwater Climate Response Network
What is the U.S. Geological Survey National Groundwater Climate Response Network? The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Monitoring Network is a network of networks that includes the Climate Response Network (CRN). The CRN is a network of wells selected to monitor the effects of climate variability, including droughts, on groundwater systems within the United States, Puerto...
Authors
Rodney R. Caldwell, Jason M. Fine
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Drought
July 10, 2024
Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century
Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century
Under climate change, ecosystems are experiencing novel drought regimes, often in combination with stressors that reduce resilience and amplify drought’s impacts. Consequently, drought appears increasingly likely to push systems beyond important physiological and ecological thresholds, resulting in substantial changes in ecosystem characteristics persisting long after drought ends (i.e
Authors
Wynne Emily Moss, Shelley Crausbay, Imtiaz Rangwala, Jay Wason, Clay Trauernicht, Camille S. Stevens-Rumann, Anna Sala, Caitlin M. Rottler, Gregory T. Pederson, Brian W. Miller, Dawn Magness, Jeremy S. Littell, Lee Frelich, Abby G. Frazier, Kimberly R. Davis, Jonathan Coop, Jennifer M. Cartwright, Robert K Booth
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Ecosystems Land Change Science Program
Drought
March 8, 2023
2022 drought in New England
2022 drought in New England
Introduction During April through September 2022, much of New England experienced a short but extreme hydrologic drought that was similar to the drought of 2020. By August 2022, Providence, Rhode Island, was declared a Federal disaster area, and New London and Windham counties in Connecticut were declared natural disaster areas. Mandatory water use restrictions were put in place in...
Authors
Dee-Ann E. Crozier, Jonathan Lenoir, Pamela J. Lombard
By
Water Resources Mission Area
New England Water Science Center
Drought
May 3, 2022
Water priorities for the Nation—U.S. Geological Survey Integrated Water Prediction science program
Water priorities for the Nation—U.S. Geological Survey Integrated Water Prediction science program
The U.S. Geological Survey Integrated Water Prediction science program focuses on the development of advanced models for forecasting water use and other components of the water cycle along with water quality attributes such as temperature, water constituents, and ecological conditions. The program also is developing the cyberinfrastructure required to implement national and local-scale...
Authors
Mark P. Miller, Katherine Skalak, David P. Lesmes
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
June 5, 2017
USGS integrated drought science
USGS integrated drought science
Project Need and Overview Drought poses a serious threat to the resilience of human communities and ecosystems in the United States (Easterling and others, 2000). Over the past several years, many regions have experienced extreme drought conditions, fueled by prolonged periods of reduced precipitation and exceptionally warm temperatures. Extreme drought has far-reaching impacts on water...
Authors
Andrea C. Ostroff, Clint C. Muhlfeld, Patrick M. Lambert, Nathaniel L. Booth, Shawn L. Carter, Jason M. Stoker, Michael J. Focazio
By
Core Science Systems Mission Area
Ecosystems Mission Area
Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area
Natural Hazards Mission Area
Water Resources Mission Area
Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program
Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
3D Elevation Program
Drought
August 29, 2016
The role of snowpack, rainfall, and reservoirs in buffering California against drought effects
The role of snowpack, rainfall, and reservoirs in buffering California against drought effects
California’s vast reservoir system, fed by annual snow-and rainfall, plays an important part in providing water to the State’s human and wildlife population. There are almost 1,300 reservoirs throughout the State, but only approximately 200 of them are considered storage reservoirs, and many of the larger ones are critical components of the Federal Central Valley Project and California...
Authors
Mary Johannis, Lorraine E. Flint, Michael D. Dettinger, Alan L. Flint, Regina Ochoa
By
Water Resources Mission Area
California Water Science Center
March 23, 2016
Flood- and drought-related natural hazards activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New England
Flood- and drought-related natural hazards activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New England
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has many ongoing and recent water-related natural hazard activities in New England that can be used to help mitigate the effects of natural hazards in cooperation with other agencies. The themes related to potential hazards and the tools and science to better understand and address them include the following: Erosion and landslides • Fluvial erosion...
Authors
Pamela J. Lombard
By
Water Resources Mission Area
New England Water Science Center
April 15, 2013
U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change
U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change
Executive Summary The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a nonregulatory Federal science agency with national scope and responsibilities, is uniquely positioned to serve the Nation’s needs in understanding and responding to global change, including changes in climate, water availability, sea level, land use and land cover, ecosystems, and global biogeochemical cycles. Global change is among...
Authors
Virginia R. Burkett, David A. Kirtland, Ione L. Taylor, Jayne Belnap, Thomas M. Cronin, Michael D. Dettinger, Eldrich L. Frazier, John W. Haines, Thomas R. Loveland, Paul C.D. Milly, Robin O'Malley, Robert S. Thompson, Alec G. Maule, Gerard McMahon, Robert G. Striegl
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
December 3, 2010
Drought Monitoring with VegDRI
Drought Monitoring with VegDRI
Drought strikes somewhere in the United States every year, turning green landscapes brown as precipitation falls below normal levels and water supplies dwindle. Drought is typically a temporary climatic aberration, but it is also an insidious natural hazard. It might last for weeks, months, or years and may have many negative effects. Drought can threaten crops, livestock, and...
Authors
Jesslyn F. Brown
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
June 12, 2010
Climate change and wildlife health: direct and indirect effects
Climate change and wildlife health: direct and indirect effects
Climate change will have significant effects on the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, according to scientists. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that unprecedented rates of climate change will result in increasing average global temperatures; rising sea levels; changing global precipitation patterns, including increasing amounts and variability; and...
Authors
Erik K. Hofmeister, Gail Moede Rogall, Katherine E. Wesenberg, Rachel C. Abbott, Thierry M. Work, Krysten Schuler, Jonathan M. Sleeman, James Winton
By
Ecosystems Mission Area
National Wildlife Health Center
November 21, 2005
Water availability for the Western United States--Key scientific challenges
Water availability for the Western United States--Key scientific challenges
In the Western United States, the availability of water has become a serious concern for many communities and rural areas. Near population centers, surface-water supplies are fully appropriated, and many communities are dependent upon ground water drawn from storage, which is an unsustainable strategy. Water of acceptable quality is increasingly hard to find because local sources are...
Authors
Mark Theodore Anderson, Lloyd H. Woosley
New AI Tool Forecasts Drought 90 Days Ahead Nationwide
March 31, 2026
New AI Tool Forecasts Drought 90 Days Ahead Nationwide
RESTON, Va. —
The U.S. Geological Survey released a new machine learning tool that forecasts droughts up to 90 days ahead nationwide. The tool may...
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The Changing Range: USGS initiatives support resilient ecosystems and economies on the Colorado Plateau
May 29, 2025
The Changing Range: USGS initiatives support resilient ecosystems and economies on the Colorado Plateau
The USGS provides timely, scientific information about the health of ecosystems and economies, playing a crucial role in helping communities adapt to...
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Project Spotlight: USGS Scientists Work with Kenai Peninsula Communities to Define Baseline Water Data Amid Climate Uncertainty
May 23, 2025
Project Spotlight: USGS Scientists Work with Kenai Peninsula Communities to Define Baseline Water Data Amid Climate Uncertainty
As temperatures rise on the Kenai peninsula, freshwater quality is expected to change, affecting both salmon and local communities, new Alaska CASC...
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Understanding and Managing Drought-Induced Ecological Transformations
August 15, 2024
Understanding and Managing Drought-Induced Ecological Transformations
CASC scientists explore how drought can cause lasting transformational changes in terrestrial ecosystems.
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USGS Science – Leading the Way for Preparedness
September 18, 2018
USGS Science – Leading the Way for Preparedness
Learn About USGS Hazards Science and More About National Preparedness Month:
The very nature of natural hazards means that they have the potential to
...
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Plant Functional Groups Affect Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands
March 23, 2018
Plant Functional Groups Affect Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands
Plant functional groups have contrasting effects on soil water availability by affecting interception, uptake, and transpiration.
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New Warning System Identifies Flash Drought Quickly
July 12, 2017
New Warning System Identifies Flash Drought Quickly
Agricultural crops can wither in a flash when the days turn hot, the air dries, the rain stops and moisture evaporates quickly from the soil. A new...
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New USGS Science Plan Designed to Help Plan for Drought Effects on People, Communities, and Ecosystems
June 5, 2017
New USGS Science Plan Designed to Help Plan for Drought Effects on People, Communities, and Ecosystems
The U. S. Geological Survey is poised to bring a dynamic array of science and tools to help decision-makers manage and offset effects of increased...
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Unprecedented Drought in the West
October 6, 2015
Unprecedented Drought in the West
Drought has left the West parched and thirsty. Families, businesses, and farmers all need water, as do fish, wildlife, and their habitats.
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Low 2015 Snowpack and River Flows Studied to Provide Insight Into Future Droughts
September 8, 2015
Low 2015 Snowpack and River Flows Studied to Provide Insight Into Future Droughts
U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic technicians are currently taking measurements from hundreds of streams and rivers across the western United States...
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Data-driven Insights on the California Drought
December 8, 2014
Data-driven Insights on the California Drought
A newly released interactive California Drought visualization website aims to provide the public with atlas-like, state-wide coverage of the drought...
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Updated Date: March 31, 2026
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