Wikipidia - Wikipedia, Njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Gaa na ọdịnaya
Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Wikipedia
MediaWiki wiki
ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation
Oge/afọ mmalite
15 Jenụwarị 2001
Aha
Wikipedia
Ndekọ IPA
weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵
ˌwikiˈpɛdʒiɐ
A gụrụ aha
Wiki
encyclopedia
Onye hiwere
Jimmy Wales
Larry Sanger
Mba/obodo
Njikota Obodo Amerika
Nwe ya
Òtù Wikimedia Foundation
Ọdịdị isi ụlọ ọrụ
San Francisco
Na-esochi
Nupedia
Ụdị
encyclopedic wiki
Nwere mbipụta ma ọ bụ ntụgharị asụsụ
Wikipedia language edition
syl.wikipedia.org
Wikipedia nke ndị bekee
Onye nchepụta
Jimmy Wales
Larry Sanger
Wikimedia community
Odee akwụkwọ
Wikipedia community
Jimmy Wales
Larry Sanger
Onye ndezigharị
Wikipedia community
Onye mmepụta ihe
Jimmy Wales
Larry Sanger
Ikpo okwu
LAMP
Mba osi
Njikota Obodo Amerika
Asụsụ eji dee ọrụ
multiple languages
Nyocha akara
1.7/5 (Poor)
Ihe nrite
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
FSF Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit
Grimme Online Award
Erasmus Prize
Mascot
Wikipede
Onye ọrụ
Òtù Wikimedia Foundation
Equinix
Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering
Mụrụ ya
academic studies about Wikipedia
Ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ihe emepụtara
online encyclopedia
Igwe ngwanrọ
MediaWiki
Asụsụ kọmputa
PHP
Mbipụta tracker URL
Ngwa ọrụ
Wikipedia
Wikipedia Beta
Webụsaịtị
Terms of service URL
Privacy policy URL
Kọwara na URL
Ebe Data n'esonyeghi nọ
URL ụlọ ahịa gọọmentị
FAQ URL
Akaụntụ weebụsaịtị na
Linkin.bio
Hashtag
Wikipedia
Ọkọlọtọ
flag of Wikipedia
Nwere àgwà
reliability of Wikipedia
deletionism in Wikipedia
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke isiokwu
history of Wikipedia
Ikike nwebiisinka
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Copyright status
copyrighted
Ndị n'eme ya
Wikipedian
Complies with
Digital Public Goods Standard
Business model
donation
API endpoint URL
Service status information URL
Stack Exchange mkpado
Nwere ndepụta
bibliography of Wikipedia
Onye nhazi URL
https
//wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search
$1
Digital Public Good ID
GID0091848
DuckDuckGo bang
From Wikidata
Wikipedia
(IPA: /ˌwikiˈpiːdi.ə/ or /ˌwɪkiˈpiːdi.ə/ (Audio (U.S.) (
help
info
))) bụ edemede eji asụsụ dị iche iche wee dee tinye na web, ka onye ọ masịrị gụọ.[ free content encyclopedia ] Ndị volunteers;( ọrụ akwụ ụgwọ) gbakọtara aka ọnụ wee dee edemede ndị a na Wikipeadia. Onye ọbụla nwere nghọta gbasara webụ saịtị nwere ike idezi maọbụ idegharị ihe edere ede ndi a maọbụkwanụ denye nke ya. Aha ya bụ portmanteau nke mkpụrụokwu
wiki
(nke a bụ ụdị njikọtaọnụ nke webụ saịtị) na akwụkwọ mmụta ihe niile akpọrọ
encyclopedia
. Ebe servers ya dị bụ na Tampa, Florida, ebe sava ndị ọzọ dị na Amsterdam na Seoul.
Ebidoro Wikipedia na mbụ dịka English Wikipedia na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, iji wee kwado Nupedia, ezigbo akwụkwọ ederede bụ nke emechigoro.( defunct encyclopedia). Ugbu a ọ bụ ndị
Wikimedia Foundation
, a non-profit organization nke Maazị Jimmy Wales bụ otu n’ime ndị bi
Njirimara
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Usoro ndezi
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Ndị ndezi na-edekọ mgbanwe na akụkọ site na ịlele ọdịiche dị n'etiti ngbanwe abụọ nke ibe - nke a maara dị ka "diffs"; egosiri mgbanwe n'etiti nsụgharị abụọ na uhie.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Ndị odee nwere ike dezie na-amaghị aha; N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-edekọ adreesị IP ha dị ka aha onye edemede. A na-edobe ndezigharị gara aga na akụkọ Wikipedia, ma bụrụkwa nke a na-ahụ ya site na ibe "edit akụkọ ihe mere eme" nke edobere n'usoro oge, na-eme ka enwere ike ịhụ ụdị mbụ nke ibe ọ bụla n'oge ọ bụla.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
A na-eme mgbanwe na Wikipedia ozugbo na Weebụ, na-enweghị nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ. Nkà ihe ọmụma Wikipedia bụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ndị nwere ezi nzube, ndị na-edezi ihe ọmụma ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emezi akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma n'obosara, omimi na izi ezi, na, na-enye oge zuru ezu, eziokwu ga-emeri na ọbụnadị aghụghọ ga-ejide ma mezie ya. Ya mere, Wikipedia na-enye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla ka ọ dezie, ma e wezụga maka ndị ọrụ amachibidoro maka mmebi iwu na-adịgide adịgide ka usoro ikpe ikpe ogologo gasịrị. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ isiokwu ọ bụla nwere ike dezie; A na-enwekwa nkwarụ mgbe ụfọdụ nwa oge maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke akụkọ n'ihi mbibi na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ esemokwu edozibeghị n'etiti ndị nkwado. Wikipedia ekwuputabeghị nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkọ ya "zuru oke" ma ọ bụ "mechara".
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Dị ka akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma izugbe, Wikipedia na-achọ ịkọwa ọtụtụ isiokwu dị ka o kwere mee. Ọ na-ekpuchi isiokwu ndị a na-ahụkarị na akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma ọdịnala, yana ọtụtụ isiokwu ọdịnala na nka na-adịghị adị n'ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ kpọchie ya na ntụnyere isiokwu pụrụ iche. Na mgbakwunye na uto na-enweghị atụ n'ọnụọgụ isiokwu, nkezi ogologo nke isiokwu ọ bụla amụbaala nke ọma, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke "akụkọ pụtara" ghọtara maka ịdị elu ha dị elu. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu oghere dị na mkpuchi ọrụ a ka dị, na ọtụtụ akụkọ anaghị akọwapụta ya nke ọma n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na amụma nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Otu ike ama ama nke Wikipedia bụ oge ya. Dị ka ọ na-adị, a na-ebipụta akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma ọhụrụ kwa afọ ole na ole, n'ihi na ihe ọmụma ha bịara doo anya na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghịzizi emezi. Echiche nke idegharị na-aga n'ihu, bụ nke a na-edegharị akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma dum ma na-ebipụta kwa afọ ole na ole, dochie nke a ma ugbu a ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ. Wikipedia na-ewegharịgharị na-aga n'ihu ruo oke ya - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkọ niile nwere ike ịmegharị ya n'oge ọ bụla, na-ekwe ka ọrụ ahụ tinye ihe omume dị ugbu a. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị nta akụkọ na-edekarị akụkọ banyere ala ọma jijiji ahụ mere n’Oké Osimiri India n’afọ 2004 ná mbipụta Bekee n’ụbọchị ndị sochiri ihe omume ahụ.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Atumatu na ntuziaka
dezie
dezie ebe o si
A na-eme mkpebi na ọdịnaya na usoro nhazi nke Wikipedia site na ime mkpebi nkwenye na, mgbe ụfọdụ, site na ịtụ vootu; Jimmy Wales na Wikimedia Foundation jigidere ikpe ikpeazụ. Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ atumatu na ntụzịaka, mepụtakwara site na nkwenye, na-eduzi ọrụ na ọrụ a, na-ekpuchi omume, ọdịnaya metụtara na okwu gbasara iwu. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na-ekwu na a ga-ederịrị isiokwu site na "echiche na-anọpụ iche", na-egosipụta echiche niile dị ịrịba ama na ihe iseokwu tinyere ihe akaebe na-akwado ha - ya mere, kama ịchọ ịchọpụta ihe bụ eziokwu nke isiokwu ha, isiokwu na-anwa anwa. ịkọwa ha n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu site n'echiche niile dị mkpa. Ederede onye ọ bụla nwere nkwupụta nkwutọ, mmebi iwu nwebiisinka, na ọdịnaya ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ụgwọ iwu ma ọ bụ na-emebi Wikipedia na-ezobe kpamkpam site na iji usoro akpọrọ "Nlebaanya".
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Ọdịnaya efu na ikike
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Ihe nkwado na Wikipedia bụ GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), otu n'ime ọtụtụ ikikere nwebiisinka nke na-enye ohere ikesagharị, imepụta ọrụ ewepụtara na iji ọdịnaya azụmaahịa. Ikikere a na-enye ndị ndezi Wikipedia aka idowe ikike nwebiisinka nke ọrụ ha, mana na-enye ohere ka ndị ọzọ wulite n'ọrụ ahụ wee bipụta ya, ọ bụrụhaala na akwadoro onye edemede mbụ yana GFDL kpuchirikwa ọrụ ewepụtara ya. Ikikere a na-ahụ na enwere ike dezie Wikipedia n'efu; A na-edekọ onyinye onye odee ọ bụla maka ụmụ ọmụmụ na nchekwa data. Larry Sanger ekwuola na inwe GFDL dị ka "nkwenye nke nnwere onwe bụ ihe mkpali siri ike ịrụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma efu".
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia nwekwara ihe onyonyo na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ nke ndị ndezi ya ekepụtaghị, mana ọ dị na mpaghara ọha. A na-ewepụta ọdịnaya ndị ọzọ dị na Wikipedia n'okpuru usoro nwebisiinka dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ikikere dakọtara na GFDL, dị ka ikikere Creative Commons. E gosipụtara ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka akara ụlọ ọrụ, ihe nlele egwu, ma ọ bụ foto akụkọ nwebiisinka nwere nkwuputa eji eme ihe ziri ezi n'okpuru iwu nwebiisinka United States. Wikimedia Commons, ebe nchekwa mgbasa ozi na ọrụ nwanne nwanyị nke a na-echekwa ọtụtụ onyonyo Wikipedia, na-enyekwa ikike nwebiisinka ndị ọzọ, mana anaghị anabata onyonyo eji eme ihe ziri ezi. Ndị ntinye aka nwere ike ịhọrọ inye onyinye ha ọtụtụ ikike n'okpuru ma GFDL na ngalaba ọha, ma ọ bụ GFDL na ikikere ndị ọzọ, na-enye ndị ọzọ ohere iji ọdịnaya n'okpuru nke ọ bụla n'ime ikike ndị a.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Ikikere mepere emepe Wikipedia na-akwalite ojiji ọhụrụ na ngosipụta nke ọdịnaya ya. Ụdị a na-ekwu okwu dị maka ụfọdụ akụkọ n'ụdị Ogg Vorbis, ebe ọ bụ na usoro MP3 a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-ekpuchi ya site na ikikere ngwanrọ nke na-eme ka nkesa n'okpuru ikike efu. Ụdị Wikipedia guzoro ọtọ dị ka Lexipedia dị maka ngwaọrụ ejiri aka. Ụmụaka SOS na-ekesa akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma na CD (Nhọrọ CD Wikipedia 2006). Mpempe akwụkwọ edebatara nke Wikipedia ahọpụtara dịkwa site na PediaPress, mbipụta na-achọ ọrụ. Ọrụ dị n'ime Wikipedia na-arụ ọrụ na "Wikipedia 1.0", nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia enyochagoro maka izi ezi ma dị njikere maka ibipụta ma ọ bụ ọkụ na CD. E kesara Wikipedia Wikipedia German na DVD; A na-ahazi ụdị mbipụta na dijitalụ nke mbipụta Bekee.
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia originally developed from another encyclopedia project,
Nupedia
Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ nkwado maka Nupedia, ọrụ ntanetịime ihe ọmụma n'efu nke ndị ọkachamara dere akụkọ ya wee nyochaa ya site na usoro nkịtị. E hiwere Nupedia na 9 akpụkpọ ụkwụ 2008, n'okpuru ikike nke Bomis, Inc, ụlọ ọrụ portal webụ. Ndị isi ya bụ Jimmy Wales, Bomis CEO, na Larry Sanger, onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Nupedia na mechara Wikipedia. Enyere Nupedia ikike na mbụ n'okpuru ikikere Nupedia Open Content License, na-atụgharị gaa na GFDL tupu ntọala Wikipedia na agbamume Richard Stallman.
Na 29 Jenụwarị 2005, Larry Sanger tụrụ aro na listi nzipu ozi Nupedia ka imepụta wiki dị ka ọrụ “feder” maka Nupedia. Ewepụtara Wikipedia na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, dị ka otu mbipụta asụsụ bekee na
, ma Sanger mara ọkwa na ndepụta nzipu ozi Nupedia. Amụma Wikipedia nke "nlegharị anya na-anọpụ iche" bụ ahaziri n'ime ọnwa mbụ ya, ma yie amụma Nupedia nke mbụ "na-enweghị isi". Ma ọ bụghị ya, enwere iwu ole na ole na mbụ na Wikipedia na-arụ ọrụ n'adabereghị na Nupedia. Wikipedia nwetara nkwado mbụ site na Nupedia, Slashdot biputere, na nchọta ihe nchọta. Ọ tolitere ruo ihe dị ka isiokwu 20,000, yana mbipụta asụsụ 18, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2001. O toro na mbipụta asụsụ 26 na njedebe nke 2002, 46 na njedebe nke 2003, yana 161 na njedebe nke 2004. Nupedia na Wikipedia birikọ ọnụ ruo mgbe Sava nke mbụ gbadara, na-adịgide adịgide, na 2003, na ederede ya etinyere na Wikipedia. Larry Sanger na Jimmy Wales bụ ndị haziri Wikipedia.
Usòrò:WikipediaHomePage30Ma nchịkwa2001.png
Wikipedia's English Edition na 30 Maachị 2001, ọnwa abụọ na ọkara ka e hiwechara ya.
Wales na Sanger na-ekwu na echiche nke iji wiki bụ Ward Cunningham's WikiWikiWeb ma ọ bụ Portland Pattern Repository.Àtụ:Citation need Ọ bụ ezie na Wales kwadoro ebumnuche nke ịmepụta akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na-edezi, Sanger na-abụkarị atụmatụ nke iji wiki. ka iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ.
N'izo aka na egwu nke mgbasa ozi azụmahịa na enweghị njikwa na Wikipedia nke na-eche na Bekee, ndị ọrụ Wikipedia Spanish gbapụrụ na Wikipedia iji mepụta Enciclopedia Libre na Febrụwarị 2002. Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị egosipụta mgbasa ozi, yana webụsaịtị ya. ebugara na wikipedia.org. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche agbapụla na Wikipedia maka ebumnuche ndetu. Wikinfo anaghị achọ echiche na-anọpụ iche ma na-enye ohere nyocha mbụ. Ọrụ ọhụrụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Wikipedia - dị ka Citizendium, Scholarpedia na Amapedia - ka amalitela ileba anya na njedebe echere na Wikipedia, dị ka amụma ya na nyocha ndị ọgbọ, nyocha mbụ na mgbasa ozi azụmahịa.
Emepụtara Wikimedia Foundation site na Wikipedia na Nupedia na 20 Juun 2003.
Wikimedia Foundation tinyere akwụkwọ ikike nke United States Patent and Trademark Office iji nweta akara Wikipedia® na 17 Septemba 2004. Enyere akara ahụ ọkwa ndebanye aha na 10 Jenụwarị 2006. Japan nyere nchebe akara ahia na 16 Disemba 2004 na na European Union na 20 January. 2005. Teknụzụ akara ọrụ, oke akara ahụ bụ maka: "Nnyefe ozi na ngalaba nke ihe ọmụma encyclopedic izugbe site na ịntanetị”. Enwere atụmatụ ịnye ikike iji ụghalaahịa Wikipedia maka ngwaahịa ụfọdụ, dị ka akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ DVD.
The number of English Wikipedia articles grew exponentially from 2002 to 2006, with a doubling time of roughly 1 year.
N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe karịrị nde akụkọ 1.6, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma kachasị ukwuu enwetụla, kpuchiri ọbụna Yongle Encyclopedia (1407), bụ nke nwere ndekọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 600.
Ode akwụkwọ na njikwa
dezie
dezie ebe o si
N'oge Disemba 2005, ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 27,000 mere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndezi ise na Wikipedia; N'ime ndị a, 17,000 rụrụ ọrụ na mbipụta Bekee. A na-arụ ọrụ nlekọta site na otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo; Ndị a gụnyere ndị mmepe, ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa MediaWiki, yana ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ tụkwasịrị obi nwere ọkwa ikike dị iche iche gụnyere "onye nlekọta", "bureaucrat" na "onye nchịkwa". Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ wetuo ndị ọrụ n'ọkwa ikike dị iche iche. Ndị nchịkwa bụ nnukwu ndị ọrụ nwere ihe ùgwù pụrụ iche, ma nwee ike ihichapụ ibe, gbochie idezi akụkọ, ma ọ bụ gbochie ndị ọrụ idezi. Agbanyeghị, achọrọ ndị nchịkwa ka ha soro amụma obodo mgbe ha na-egosipụta ike ndị a. A na-enyekarị ikike ndị a site na nkwenye obodo; A na-ahọpụta ndị na-elekọta ụlọ n'oge oge. Imebi ma ọ bụ obere mmebi iwu nwere ike ịkpata ịdọ aka ná ntị ma ọ bụ ngọngọ nwa oge, ebe ogologo oge ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi na-adịgide adịgide maka mmebi ogologo oge na nke dị njọ na-enye
A na-enweta ego Wikipedia site na Wikimedia Foundation. Ọnụ ego nke 4th Quarter 2005 bụ $321,000 USD, yana ngwaike na-eme ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60% nke mmefu ego. Wikimedia Foundation na-adabere ugbu a na onyinye nke onwe, ma na-ejide ndị na-akpakọba ego mgbe niile; ihe nchikota nke Jenụwarị 2007 welitere ihe karịrị nde $1.
Akụrụngwa na ngwaike
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia na-enweta n'etiti arịrịọ peeji 10,000 na 30,000 kwa nkeji, dabere na oge ụbọchị. Edobela ihe karịrị sava 100 ka ha na-ahụ maka okporo ụzọ.
Arụmọrụ Wikipedia dabere na MediaWiki, ihe emebere nke ọma, sọftụwia sọftụwia wiki mepere emepe edere na PHP ma wukwaa n'elu nchekwa data MySQL. Akụrụngwa na-agụnye atụmatụ mmemme ọgbara ọhụrụ, dị ka asụsụ nnukwu, mgbanwe dị iche iche, usoro ntụgharị maka ndebiri, na ntụgharị URL. MediaWiki nwere ikike n'okpuru GNU General Public License ma na-eji ọrụ Wikimedia niile, yana ọtụtụ ọrụ wiki ndị ọzọ. Na mbụ, Wikipedia na-agba ọsọ na UseModWiki nke Clifford Adams dere na Perl (Phase I), nke na mbụ chọrọ CamelCase maka hyperlinks akụkọ; agbakwunyere brackets okpukpu abụọ ugbu a ma emechaa. Malite na Jenụwarị 2002 (Oge II), Wikipedia malitere ịgba ọsọ na injin wiki PHP nwere nchekwa data MySQL; Ngwanrọ a bụ nke Magnus Manske mere maka Wikipedia. Emezigharịrị ngwa ngwa nke Abụọ ugboro ugboro ka ọ nabata ihe na-abawanye ụbara. Na Julaị 2002 (Oge III), Wikipedia gbanwere gaa na ngwanrọ ọgbọ nke atọ, MediaWiki, nke Lee Daniel Crocker dere na mbụ.
Nchịkọta nke usoro ihe owuwu, Mee 2006. Isi mmalite: Eserese okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na Meta-Wiki.
Wikipedia na-agba ọsọ na ụyọkọ Linux raara onwe ya nye na Florida na ebe anọ ndị ọzọ. Wikipedia jiri otu ihe nkesa rụọ ọrụ ruo n'afọ 2004, mgbe agbasawanye ntọala nkesa ka ọ bụrụ ihe owuwu nkesa multitier. Na Jenụwarị 2005, ọrụ a rụrụ na sava 39 raara onwe ya nye dị na Florida. Nhazi a gụnyere otu ihe nkesa nchekwa data nke na-agba MySQL, ọtụtụ sava nchekwa data ohu, sava weebụ 21 na-agba Apache HTTP Server, yana sava cache Squid asaa. Site na Septemba 2005, ụyọkọ nkesa ya etoola ihe ruru sava 100 n'ebe anọ.around the world.
A na-ebu ụzọ bufee arịrịọ ibe na oyi akwa ihu nke sava Squid caching. Arịrịọ na-enweghị ike ịnye site na cache Squid na-ezigara na sava na-edozi ibu na-arụ ọrụ ngwanrọ Perlbal, nke na-enyefe arịrịọ ahụ n'aka otu n'ime sava weebụ Apache maka iwepụta ibe site na nchekwa data. Sava webụ ahụ na-ebuga ibe dị ka achọrọ ya, na-arụpụta ibe maka mbipụta asụsụ niile nke Wikipedia. Ka iwelie ọsọ n'ihu, a na-echekwa ibe akwụkwọ maka ndị ọrụ na-amaghị aha n'ime sistemụ faịlụ ruo mgbe ọ mebiri emebi, na-enye ohere ka ịfefe ibe ya kpamkpam maka ịnweta ibe ndị a na-ahụkarị. Iji mee ka oge nzaghachi dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, Wikimedia na-ewulite netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sava caching, na-amalite site na sava caching atọ na France. Ụyọkọ abụọ buru ibu na Netherlands na Korea na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ibu okporo ụzọ Wikipedia.
Mbipụta asụsụ
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia in
Hebrew
A kọwawo Wikipedia dị ka "mgbalị imepụta na ikesa akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma n'efu nke kachasị mma enwere ike nye onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụwa n'asụsụ nke ha". Enwere mbipụta asụsụ 250 nke Wikipedia ugbu a; N'ime ndị a, 14 n'elu nwere ihe karịrị 100,000 akụkọ na n'elu 131 nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 isiokwu. Dabere na ọrụ nha ndị na-ege ntị Internet Alexa, subdomain Bekee (en.wikipedia.org) na-enweta ihe dịka 55% nke okporo ụzọ Wikipedia, yana 45% nke fọdụrụ kewara n'etiti asụsụ ndị ọzọ. A na-edobe mbipụta asụsụ dị iche iche na atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka "echiche na-anọpụ iche," n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'echiche na omume aghụghọ.
Ejikọtaghị mbipụta nke asụsụ, na akụkọ nke otu mbipụta agaghị adaba na ndị ogbo ha na mbipụta ọzọ. A na-agba ndị ndezi asụsụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ume ka ha jiri aka ha sụgharịa akụkọ; anabataghị ntụgharị asụsụ akpaghị aka nke ọma. Edemede atụgharịrị na-anọchi anya naanị ntakịrị akụkụ akụkọ n'ọtụtụ mbipụta. Akụkọ dị n'ihe karịrị otu asụsụ na-enye njikọ "InterWiki" n'akụkụ aka ekpe ha, nke jikọtara ya na akụkọ ibe ya na mbipụta ndị ọzọ. A na-ekekọrịta onyonyo na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke ọnụ n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ dị iche iche site na ebe nchekwa Wikimedia Commons.
Editions of
Wikipedia
with over 100,000 articles
en:
German
de:
French
fr:
Polish
pl:
Japanese
ja:
Dutch
nl:
Italian
it:
Portuguese
pt:
Swedish
sv:
Spanish
es:
Russian
ru:
Chinese
zh:
Finnish
fi:
Norwegian (Bokmål)
no:
Ntụkwasị obi na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia na-amasị ikike nke akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara karịa ikike nke ndị ọkachamara. Wikipedia anaghị achọ ka ndị ntinye aka ya nye aha iwu ha ma ọ bụ nye ozi ndị ọzọ iji gosi njirimara ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ntinye aka bụ ndị ọchịchị n'ubi ha, Wikipedia chọrọ ka e jiri isi mmalite ndị ebipụtara kwado ọbụna onyinye ha. Ihe ndọghachi azụ nke usoro nrụtụ aka a bụ na ndị na-agụ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ikpebi ntụkwasị obi nke isi mmalite edepụtara.
Wikipedia na-anwa ileba anya na nsogbu nke nhụsianya nke usoro ihe omume, na imegide ndị editọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-achọ imetụta ngosi nke isiokwu n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, site n'ịkwụsi ike n'echiche na-anọpụ iche. Wikipedia na-asụ Bekee ewebatala ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a na-ekpebi ogo akụkọ; mbipụta ndị ọzọ nakweere nke a. Ihe dị ka 1200 agafeela usoro njirisi siri ike iji ruo ọkwa kachasị elu, ọkwa "akụkọ pụtara"; isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ka e bu n'obi nye nkọwa nke ọma, nke edere nke ọma nke isiokwu ha, ma kwado ya site n'ọtụtụ ntụaka maka akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara..
Nyocha agụmakwụkwọ
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Nnyocha na-egosi na Wikipedia na-enye ezigbo mmalite maka nyocha, ma mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-enwe nsogbu na ihe na-ezighị ezi. Mana nyocha nke Nature jiri tụnyere Wikipedia na Encyclopædia Britannica tụrụ aro ka ọ dị nso n'ogo nke ziri ezi n'ihe gbasara isiokwu sayensị okike ya; Otú ọ dị, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., kọwara ọmụmụ ihe a dị ka "ndị nwere ntụpọ na-egbu egbu", nke Nature mesịrị zaghachi ya, na-ekwupụta na ọmụmụ ya bụ nnọpụiche zuru oke. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ kwubiri na mkpuchi akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia na-agbasawanye ma dị omimi karịa nke Encarta, ebe ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ eziokwu, yana na mmebi iwu pụtara ìhè na-alaghachikarị ngwa ngwa. N'ime nyocha nke Wikipedia dị ka obodo, nwa akwụkwọ PhD nke akụ na ụba Andrea Ciffolilli rụrụ ụka na ọnụ ahịa azụmahịa dị ala nke isonye na wiki software na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmepe mmekọrịta, yana na usoro "ihe mmepụta ihe" na-akwado nsonye. A na-ele Wikipedia anya dị ka nnwale mmadụ; Onye nchoputa Jimmy Wales ekwuola na ebum n'obi abụghị otu, n'agbanyeghị na nke ahụ bụ nsonaazụ.
Criticism and controversy
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia has been accused of exhibiting
systemic bias
and inconsistency;
critics argue that Wikipedia's open nature, and favouring
consensus
over
credentials
in its editorial process, makes it unauthoritative, and that a lack of proper sources for much of the information makes it unreliable,
although the
converse
of the same argument can also be argued.
Some commentators suggest that Wikipedia is usually reliable, but that it is not always clear how much.
10
The project's preference for
consensus
over
credentials
has been labelled "anti-elitism".
11
Editors of traditional reference works such as the
Encyclopædia Britannica
have questioned the project's utility and status as an encyclopedia.
12
Many
university
lecturers
discourage students from citing any encyclopedia in academic work, preferring
primary sources
13
some specifically prohibit Wikipedia citations.
14
Founder
Jimmy Wales
stresses that encyclopedias of any type are not usually appropriate as primary sources, and should not be relied upon as authoritative.
15
Technology writer
Bill Thompson
commented that the debate was possibly "symptomatic of much learning about information which is happening in society today."
16
Concerns have also been raised regarding the lack of
accountability
that results from users' anonymity,
17
and that it is vulnerable to
vandalism
and Internet
trolls
18
For example,
false information was introduced
into the biography of
John Seigenthaler, Sr.
and remained undetected for four months.
19
Wikipedia's community has been described as "
cult
-like",
20
although not always with entirely negative connotations,
21
and criticised for failing to accommodate inexperienced users.
22
The addition of political
spin
to articles by organizations including the
U.S. House of Representatives
and special interest groups
23
has been noted,
24
and organizations such as
Microsoft
have offered financial incentives to work on certain articles.
25
Wikipedia has been parodied by its critics, notably by
Stephen Colbert
in
The Colbert Report
26
In 2007 the Wikipedia article on then-Montana senator
Conrad Burns
was edited by his own staff, causing political scandal among his own constituents.
27
Wikipedia's content policies
28
and sub-projects set up by contributors seek to address these concerns.
29
Several scholarly studies have concluded that vandalism is generally short-lived,
30
and that Wikipedia is roughly as accurate as other online encyclopedias.
31
Awards
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia winiru nnukwu awards abuo ni Mee 2004.
32
Nke buzo wu Golden Nica maka Digital Communities nke annual
Prix Ars Electronica
contest; €10,000 (£6,588; $12,700) grant so nke a na invitashon i me presentashon na PAE Cyberarts Festival ni
Austria
na oge ozo na aho ahu. Nke abuo wu Judges'
Webby Award
maka "community" category ahu.
33
Ha nominate kwu Wikipedia maka "Best Practices" Webby. Ni Septemba 2004,
Japanese Wikipedia
wini Web Creation Award site Japan Advertisers Association. Award a, ha n'enye ndi mmadu maka nnukwu contributions to the Web ni Japanese, di accepted by long-standing contributor on behalf of project ahu.
In the media
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia's content has been mirrored and forked by hundreds of sites including
database dumps
. Its content has also been used in academic studies, books and conferences.
34
and used in court cases.
35
The
Canadian Parliament
website refers to Wikipedia's article on
same-sex marriage
in the "related links" section of its "further reading" list for
Civil Marriage Act
36
The encyclopedia's assertions are increasingly used as a source by organizations such as the U.S. Federal Courts and the World Intellectual Property Office
37
— though mainly for
supporting information
rather than information decisive to a case.
38
Wikipedia has also been used as a source in
journalism
39
sometimes without attribution; several reporters have been dismissed for plagiarizing from Wikipedia.
40
41
Wikipedia maintains a (non-comprehensive) list of notable uses of the encyclopedia as a source.
42
With increased usage and awareness, there have been an increasing number of references to Wikipedia in popular culture. Many parody Wikipedia's openness, with characters vandalizing or modifying the online encyclopedia project's articles.
Uncyclopedia
is the largest such website; its Main Page claims that it is the "content-free encyclopedia that anyone can edit,"
43
parodying the English Wikipedia's welcome message on its
Templeeti:Srlink
In the episode "Wikiality" of
The Colbert Report
, host
Stephen Colbert
has instigated his viewers to vandalize articles in humorous ways, once doing so on the Wikipedia article on
elephants
44
"Weird Al" Yankovic
's character in his video
'White & Nerdy'
is seen vandalising the entry for the Atlantic
record label
with the exclamation "You suck!," after they rescinded permission for a parody.
45
In a recent episode of
American Dad
(entitled
Black Mystery Month
), protagonists
Stan Smith
and
Steve Smith
fail to reveal to the world that
George Washington Carver
wasn't the person who invented
peanut butter
, then create a Wikipedia page entitled "The Truth About Peanut Butter" to inform the world, citing that it is the one place you can put crazy information out with no evidence and still have millions of people believe it to be true.
Related projects
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia has spawned several sister projects. The first, "
In Memoriam: 11 Septemba
Wiki
",
46
created in Ọktoba 2002,
47
detailed the
11 Septemba 2001 attacks
; this project was closed in Ọktoba 2006.
48
Wiktionary
, a dictionary project, was launched in Disemba 2002;
49
Wikiquote
, a collection of quotations, a week after Wikimedia launched, and
Wikibooks
, a collection of collaboratively-written free books, the next month. Wikimedia has since started a number of other projects.
50
A similar non-wiki project, the
GNUpedia
project, co-existed with Nupedia early in its history; however, it has been retired and its creator,
free-software
figure
Richard Stallman
, has lent his support to Wikipedia.
51
Other websites centered around collaborative knowledge base development have drawn inspiration from or inspired Wikipedia. Some, such as
Susning.nu
Enciclopedia Libre
, and
WikiZnanie
likewise employ no formal review process, whereas others use more traditional
peer review
, such as the expert-written
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
h2g2
and
Everything2
See also
dezie
dezie ebe o si
List of Wikipedias
List of encyclopedias
List of wikis
Open content
User-generated content
Congressional staffer edits to Wikipedia
List of Wikipedias
References
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Cited by
Workers World
8 Jenụwarị
2005
) and
Chicago Times
16 Jenụwarị
2005
Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team
", Wikipedia (
24 Jenụwarị
2007
Nair, Vipin.
Growing on volunteer power
",
Business Line
5 Disemba
2005
Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia's growth
",
English Wikipedia
. Retrieved on
2007-01-29
"Encyclopedias and Dictionaries".
Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed
. Vol.
18. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. pp.
257–
286.
Main Page
Hebrew Wikipedia
Featured article criteria
", Wikipedia. Retrieved on
2007-01-27
Simon Waldman,
Who knows?, The Guardian,
26 Ọktoba
2004
Stacy Schiff.
"Know It All",
The New Yorker
2006-07-31
Danah Boyd
, "
Academia and Wikipedia
",
Many-to-Many
4 Jenụwarị
2005
Larry Sanger
, "
Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism
",
Kuro5hin
31 Disemba
2004
Robert McHenry
, "
The Faith-Based Encyclopedia
",
Tech Central Station
15 Novemba
2004
Wide World of WIKIPEDIA
The Emory Wheel
21 Eprel
2006
).
Retrieved on 2007-01-25.
A Stand Against Wikipedia
",
Inside Higher Ed
26 Jenụwarị
2007
). Retrieved on
27 Jenụwarị
2007
Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress"
BusinessWeek
14 Disemba
2005
). Retrieved on
2007-01-29
Thompson, Bill.
What is it with Wikipedia?
",
BBC
2005-12-16
Public Information Research
- Wikipedia Watch. Retrieved on
2007-01-28
Toward a New Compendium of Knowledge (longer version)
Citizendium.org
Archived from
the original
on 2006-10-11.
Retrieved on 2006-10-10.
Seigenthaler, John.
A False Wikipedia 'biography'
",
USA Today
2005-11-29
Arthur, Charles.
Log on and join in, but beware the web cults
",
The Guardian
2005-12-15
Lu Stout, Kristie.
Wikipedia: The know-it-all Web site
",
CNN
2003-08-04
Wikinfo
2005-03-30
).
Critical views of Wikipedia
Retrieved on 2007-01-29.
Ahrens, Frank
(2006-07-09).
Death by Wikipedia: The Kenneth Lay Chronicles
The Washington Post.
Retrieved on 2006-11-01.
Kane, Margaret
(2006-01-30).
Politicians notice Wikipedia
CNET
Archived from
the original
on 2012-07-12.
Retrieved on 2007-01-28.
Bergstein, Brian
2007-01-23
).
Microsoft offers cash for Wikipedia edit
MSNBC
Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
Caroline McCarthy.
Colbert speaks, America follows: All Hail Wikiality!
",
c-net news.com
, 2006-08-01.
Williams, Walt
(2007-01-01).
Burns' office may have tampered with Wikipedia entry
Bozeman Daily Chronicle
Retrieved on 2007-02-13.
List of policies and guidelines]", English Wikipedia. Retrieved on
2007-01-31
Wikipedia:WikiProject
",
English Wikipedia
. Retrieved on
2007-01-29
Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with History Flow Visualizations
PDF
).
Retrieved on
2007-01-24
Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
Rosenzweig_2006
Trophy Box
",
Meta-Wiki
28 Maachị
2005
).
Webby Awards 2004
Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media
", Wikipedia
Bourgeois
et al
v. Peters
et al.
(PDF).
Archived from
the original
on 2012-12-21.
Retrieved on 2007-02-06.
C-38
", LEGISINFO (
28 Maachị
2005
Arias, Martha L.
(29 Jenụwarị 2007).
Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia and its Use as Court Source
".
Internet Business Law Services
Cohen, Noam.
Courts Turn to Wikipedia, but Selectively
", 29 Jenụwarị 2007.
Basayev: Russia's most wanted man
",
CNN
8 Septemba
2004
Express-News staffer resigns after plagiarism in column is discovered
",
San Antonio Express-News
9 Jenụwarị
2007
Inquiry prompts reporter's dismissal
",
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
13 Jenụwarị
[[:en:2007]|2007].
Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a source
", Wikipedia
Main Page
", uncyclopedia.org (as of
26 Jenụwarị
2007
). Retrieved on
2007-01-28
Colbert Causes Chaos on Wikipedia
",
Newsvine
1 Ọgọọst
2006
Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
Weird Al Yankovic
,"
Herald Sun
5 Ọktoba
2006
. Retrieved on
2007-01-25
sep11memories.org/
Retrieved on 2007-02-06.
First edit to the wiki
In Memoriam: 11 Septemba wiki (
28 Ọktoba
2002
In Memoriam
",In Memoriam: 11 Septemba Wiki (
31 Ọktoba
2006
Announcement of Wiktionary's creation
",
12 Disemba
2002
. Retrieved on
2007-02-02
Our projects
",
Wikimedia Foundation
. Retrieved on
2007-01-24
Richard Stallman
The Free Encyclopedia Project
",
Free Software Foundation
, 1999.
Lee nke ozo
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Nupedia
Keezi njikọ
dezie
dezie ebe o si
Wikipedia
- isi na saịtị
Wikipedia
English language
mbipụta
Wikipedia
at
SourceWatch
Wikipedia
na
Open Directory Project
Ewepụtara site na "
Ụdakọ gasị
Free encyclopedias
Online encyclopedias
Wikipedia
Pages with reference errors
Wikipidia
Tinyé Okwu
US