Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions - Wisconsin State Law Library

Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions - Wisconsin State Law Library
Wisconsin State Law Library
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Jury Instructions
Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions
Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions
The Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions are created as models, checklists, or minimum standards. It may be necessary to modify instructions to accommodate the facts of the case. There is not a model instruction for every situation. Comments or directions in brackets, italics, or parenthesis may describe special conditions for use, or other cautionary or explanatory material.
Cite these instructions as: Wis JI-Civil
Browse the jury instructions using the table of contents below, or
print the entire instruction set
(rev. 11/2025).
Introductory materials
Introduction (current edition)
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Historical introductions (1981, 1978, 1960)
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Memorials and dedications
PDF
General instructions 1-950
Right to a Jury Trial: Law Note for Trial Judges (2017)
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Comment: Gender-Neutral Language (7/2024)
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Suggested Order of Instructions: Negligence Cases (2018)
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Preliminary Instruction: Before Trial (7/2024)
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Preliminary instruction: bifurcated proceedings: explanation of first phase proceedings (11/2025)
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Preliminary instruction: bifurcated proceedings: explanation of second phase proceedings and standard of proof (11/2025)
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Juror Questioning of Witnesses (2014)
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Notetaking Not Allowed (2011)
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Notetaking Permitted (2011)
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Transcripts Not Available for Deliberations; Reading Back Testimony (2011)
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Preliminary Instruction: Use of an Interpreter for a Witness (2011)
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Preliminary Instruction: Use of an Interpreter for a Juror (2011)
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Recording Played to the Jury (1/2023)
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Opening (2013)
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Summary Exhibit (2013)
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Submission on General Verdict (2010)
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Submission on Ultimate Fact Verdict (Withdrawn in 2011)
Submission on Ultimate Fact Verdict When Court Finds One or More Parties at Fault (Withdrawn in 2011)
Remarks and Arguments of Counsel (2011)
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Objections of Counsel (2015)
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Ignoring Judge's Demeanor (2011)
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Counsel's Reference to Insurance Company (2011)
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Stricken Testimony (2011)
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Special Verdict Questions: Interrelationship (2016)
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Damage Question Answered by the Court (2005)
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View of Scene (2011)
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Question Answered by the Court (2011)
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Five-Sixths Verdict (2017)
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Closing: Short Form (2011)
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Closing: Long Form (2017)
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Supplemental Instruction Where Jury is Unable to Agree (2003)
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Instruction after Verdict is Received (2010)
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Burden of Proof: Ordinary (2004)
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Burden of Proof: Ordinary: Compensatory Damages (2005)
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Burden of Proof: Middle (2016)
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Burden of Proof Where Verdict Contains a Middle Standard Question (Withdrawn in 1998)
Credibility of Witnesses; Weight of Evidence (2011)
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Jury Not to Speculate (Withdrawn in 1990)
Circumstantial Evidence (2011)
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Driver's Manual: Use by Jury (Withdrawn in 2011)
[Expert] Opinion Testimony (2/2025)
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Medical or Scientific Treatise in Evidence (1989)
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[Expert] Opinion Testimony: Hypothetical Questions (2/2025)
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Opinion of a Nonexpert Witness (2013)
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Measurements (1989)
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Negative Testimony (2016)
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Physical Facts (1989)
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Presumptions and Permissive Inferences - Law Note for Trial Judges (2017)
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Presumptions: Conflict as to Existence of Basic Fact; Evidence Introduced from Which Nonexistence of Presumed Fact May Be Inferred (2013)
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Presumptions: Existence of Basic Fact Uncontradicted; Evidence Introduced from Which Nonexistence of Presumed Fact May Be Inferred (2013)
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Presumptions: Deceased Person was Not Negligent (2003)
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Presumptions: Conflict as to Existence of Basic Fact; No Evidence Introduced from Which Nonexistence of Presumed Fact Could Be Inferred (1991)
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Permissive Inferences; e.g., Res Ipsa Loquitur (1989)
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Subsequent Remedial Measures (2021)
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Spoliation: Inference (2022)
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Falsus in Uno (2018)
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Witness: Absence (11/2025)
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Witness: Prior Conviction (2011)
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Impeachment of Witnesses: Prior Inconsistent or Contradictory Statements (1981)
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Witness Exercising Privilege Against Self-Incrimination (2011)
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A party's presence not required at trial (7/2023)
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Reasonable Diligence in Discovery of Injury (Statute of Limitations) (2016)
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Negligence 1000-1932
Unavoidable Accident (1989)
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Negligence: Fault: Ultimate Fact Verdict (2004)
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Gas Company, Duty to Customer (1989)
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Negligence, Gas Company, Duty in Installing Its Pipes, Mains, and Meters (1989)
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Negligent Versus Intentional Conduct (1995)
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Negligence: Defined (2016)
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Gross Negligence: Defined (2016)
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Contributory Negligence: Defined (2015)
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Contributory Negligence: Rescue Rule (2016)
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Intoxication: Chemical Test Results [Reflects Changes in 2003 Wisconsin Act 30] (2022)
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Negligence: Violation of Safety Statute (2010)
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Negligence of Children (2014)
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Attractive Nuisance: Ultimate Fact Question (Renumbered
Civil JI-8025
in 2013)
Parents' Duty to Protect Minor Child (1989)
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Parent's Duty to Control Minor Child (2006)
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Negligent Entrustment (2017)
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Negligent Entrustment to an Incompetent Person (2017)
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Negligence in an Emergency (Renumbered
Civil JI-1105A
in 1995)
Negligence: Evidence of Custom and Usage (1995)
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Negligence: Under Special Circumstances (Withdrawn in 2011)
Negligence of Mentally Disabled (2006)
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Illness Without Forewarning (2002)
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Negligence of General Contractor: Increasing Risk of Injury to Employee of Subcontractor (2020)
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Negligence: Building Contractor (2016)
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Liability of One Employing Independent Contractor (2015)
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Medical Negligence (11/2025)
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Professional Negligence: Medical: Duty of Physician to Inform a Patient: Special Verdict (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Medical: Duty of Physician to Inform a Patient (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Medical: Duty of Physician to Inform a Patient: Cause (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Medical: Duty of Physician to Inform a Patient: Contributory Negligence (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Legal-Status of Lawyer as a Specialist is Not in Dispute (Renumbered
Civil JI-1023.5A
in 11/2025)
Professional Negligence: Legal-Status of Lawyer with Claimed Expertise not in Dispute (11/2025)
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Professional negligence: Legal-status of lawyer as specialist is in dispute (Renumbered
Civil JI-1023-5B
in 2007)
Professional negligence: legal - no claim of lawyer as having claimed expertise (11/2025)
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Negligence of Insurance Agent (2021)
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Professional Negligence: Registered Nurses and Licensed Technicians Performing Skilled Services (2016)
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Professional Negligence: Chiropractor-Treatment (2016)
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Professional Negligence: Chiropractor-Determining Treatability by Chiropractic Means (1999)
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Professional Negligence: Dental (2016)
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Professional Negligence: Chiropractor, Dentist, Optometrist, or Podiatrist: Duty to Inform a Patient: Special Verdict (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Chiropractor, Dentist, Optometrist, or Podiatrist: Duty to Inform a Patient (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Chiropractor, Dentist, Optometrist, or Podiatrist: Duty to Inform a Patient: Cause (2015)
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Professional Negligence: Medical: Res Ipsa Loquitur (7/2024)
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Negligence of a Common Carrier (2006)
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Bailment: Defined (2009)
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Duty of Bailor for Hire (1992)
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Bailment: Duty of Bailee under a Bailment for Mutual Benefit (2009)
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Bailment: Liability of a Gratuitous Bailor (2009)
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Bailment: Negligence of Bailee May Be Inferred (2005)
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Bailment: Negligence of Carrier Presumed (2005)
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Duty of Owner of Place of Amusement: Common Law (Renumbered
Civil JI-8040
in 1985)
Duty of a Proprietor of a Place of Business to Protect a Patron from Injury Caused by Act of Third Person (Renumbered
Civil JI-8045
in 1986)
Duty of Hotel Innkeeper (Renumbered
Civil JI-8050
in 1986)
Duty of Owner of a Building Abutting on a Public Highway (Renumbered
Civil JI-8030
in 1986)
Highway or Sidewalk Defect or Insufficiency (Renumbered
Civil JI-8035
in 1986)
Right to Assume Due Care by Highway Users (1992)
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Conditional Privilege of Authorized Emergency Vehicle Operator (2016)
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Defective Condition of Automobile: Host's Liability (1992)
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Voluntary Intoxication: Relation to Negligence (2004)
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Driver's Duty When Children Are Present (1992)
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Contributory Negligence of Passenger: Placing Self in Position of Danger (1992)
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Contributory Negligence of Guest: Riding with Host (1992)
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Negligence of Guest: Active: Management and Control (1992)
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Driver, Negligence: Highway Defect or Insufficiency (1992)
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Pedestrian, Negligence: Sidewalk Defect or Insufficiency (2/2025)
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Duty of Persons with Physical Disability (2005)
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Duty of Worker: Preoccupation in Work Minimizes Duty (1995)
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Duty of Worker: When Required to Work in Unsafe Premises (1992)
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Equipment and Maintenance of Vehicles: General Duty (2008)
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Equipment and Maintenance of Vehicles: Headlights (2008)
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Equipment and Maintenance of Vehicles: Brakes (2008)
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Lookout (1997)
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Lookout: Camouflage (2013)
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Lookout: Backing (2008)
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Lookout: Entering or Crossing A Through Highway (2003)
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Lookout: Failure to See Object in Plain Sight (1992)
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Lookout: Guest (1996)
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Lookout: Guest's Duty to Warn (1992)
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Lookout: Limited Duty on Private Property (1992)
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Driver on Arterial Approaching Intersection: Lookout; Right of Way; Flashing Yellow Signal (7/2023)
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Lookout: Pedestrian (2008)
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Duty to Sound Horn (2008)
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Management and Control (2008)
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Management and Control-Emergency (2016)
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Racing (2008)
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Operation of Automobile Following Another (2015)
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Duty of Preceding Driver: Slowing or Stopping: Signalling (2008)
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Duty of Preceding Driver to Following Driver: Lookout (2008)
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Parking: Stopping: Leaving Vehicle Off the Roadway (2008)
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Parking: Stopping: Leaving Vehicle On the Roadway (2008)
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Parking: Stopping: Leaving Vehicle On or Off the Roadway: Exception to Prohibition (2008)
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Stopped School Bus: Position on Highway (2008)
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School Bus: Equipped with Flashing Red WArning Lights and Without Amber Warningn Lights [for a bus equipped with flashing red and amber lights, see Wis JI-Civil 1133A] (2/2025)
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School Bus: Equipped with Flashing Red and Amber Warning Lights [for a bus equipped with flashing red warning lights and without amber warning lights, see Wis JI-Civil 1133] (2/2025)
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Position on Highway on Meeting and Passing (2008)
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Position on Highway on Meeting and Passing; Violation Excused (2008)
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Passing: Vehicles Proceeding in Same Direction (2008)
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Passing: Vehicles Proceeding in Same Direction: Obstructed View (2008)
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Passing: Vehicles Proceeding in Same Direction: In No Passing Zone or Where Overtaken Vehicle Turning Left (2008)
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Passing: Vehicles Proceeding in Same Direction (2015)
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Res Ipsa Loquitur (7/2024)
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Right of Way: At Intersection with Through Highway (7/2023)
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Right of Way: At Intersections of Highways (7/2023)
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Right of Way: At Intersection of Highways: Ultimate Verdict Question (7/2023)
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Right of Way: To Pedestrian Crossing at Controlled Intersection (7/2023)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian Control Signal: Walk Signal (2022)
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Right of Way: To Pedestrian at Intersections or Crosswalks on Divided Highways or Highways Provided with Safety Zones (7/2023)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian Crossing Roadway at Point Other Than Crosswalk (1982)
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Right of Way: To Pedestrian at Uncontrolled Intersection or Crosswalk (7/2023)
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Right of Way: Blind Pedestrian on Highway (2022)
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Right of Way: Entering Highway from an Alley or Nonhighway Access Point (2022)
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Right of Way: Funeral Processions; Military Convoys (2022)
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Right of Way: Green Arrow (2022)
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Right of Way: Green Signal (7/2023)
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Plaintiff and Defendant Each Claims Green Light in Their Favor (2022)
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Duty of Driver Entering Intersection with Green Light in Driver's Favor: Lookout (7/2023)
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Duty of Driver Approaching Intersection When Amber Light Shows (7/2023)
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Red Traffic Control Light Signalling Stop (2022)
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Flashing Red Traffic Control Light (2022)
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Right of Way: Left Turn at Intersection (7/2023)
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Right of Way: Livestock (2008)
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Right of Way: Moving from Parked Position (2022)
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Right of Way: On Approach of Emergency Vehicle (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: At Pedestrian Control Signal (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Crossing at Controlled Intersection or Crosswalk (7/2023)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Crossing Roadway at Point Other than Crosswalk (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Divided Highways or Highways with Safety Zones (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Facing Green Arrow (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Facing Red Signal (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Standing or Loitering on Highway (2022)
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Right of Way: Pedestrian's Duty: Standing or Loitering on Highway Crosswalk; Suddenly Leaving Curb or Place of Safety (2022)
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Position on Highway: Pedestrian's Duty; Walking on Highway (2022)
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Right of Way: Persons Working on Highway (2022)
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Right of Way: When Vehicle Using Alley or Nonhighway Access to Stop (2022)
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Right of Way: When Yield Sign Installed (2022)
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Safety Belt: Failure to Use (2009)
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Safety Helmet: Failure to Use (2009)
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Skidding (2008)
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Speed: Reasonable and Prudent; Reduced Speed (2008)
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Speed: Fixed Limits (2008)
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Speed: Special Restrictions for Certain Vehicles (2008)
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Speed: Impeding Traffic (2008)
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Speed: Failure to Yield Roadway (2015)
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Speed: Obstructed Vision (2008)
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Speed: Obstructed Vision: Nighttime (2008)
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Speed: Camouflage (1992)
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Stop at Stop Signs (2008)
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Stop at Stop Signs [Alternate] (2008)
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Stop: Emerging from an Alley (2008)
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Emerging from a Private Driveway or Other Nonhighway Access (2008)
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Railroad Crossing: Driver's Duty (2008)
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Stop: All Vehicles at Railroad Crossing Signals (2015)
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Stop: Pedestrian Crossing Railroad Tracks (2015)
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Stop: Nonoperation of Railroad Crossing Signals (2008)
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Stop: Special Vehicles at Railroad Crossing (2008)
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Stop: For School Bus Loading or Unloading Children (2/2025)
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Turn or Movement: Signal Required (2008)
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Turn: Position and Method When Not Otherwise Marked or Posted (2008)
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Turn or Movement: Ascertainment that Turn or Movement Can Be Made with Reasonable Safety: Lookout (7/2023)
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Deviation from Traffic Lane: Clearly Indicated Lanes (2008)
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Negligence: Teacher: Duty to Instruct or Warn (2020)
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Negligence: Teacher: Duty to Supervise Students (2016)
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Employer Negligence: Negligent Hiring, Training, or Supervision (2019)
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Duty of Hospital: Granting and Renewing Staff Privileges (Corporate Negligence) (7/2024)
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Negligence: Hospital: Duty of Employees: Performance of Routine Custodial Care Not Requiring Expert Testimony (1999)
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Negligence: Hospital: Duty of Employees: Suicide or Injury Resulting from Escape or Attempted Suicide (2006)
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Injury by Dog (2017)
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Liability of Owner or Keeper of Animal: Common Law (7/2024)
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Liability of a participant in a recreational activity (2022)
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Duty of Public Utility: Highway Obstructions: Nonenergized Facilities (1989)
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Negligence: Voluntary Assumption of Duty to a Third Person (2014)
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Railroads: Duty to Ring Engine Bell Within Municipality (2007)
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Railroads: Duty to Ring Engine Bell Outside Municipality (2007)
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Railroads: Duty to Blow Train Whistle Within Municipality (Withdrawn in 2007)
Railroads: Duty of Train Crew Approaching Crossing (2006)
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Railroads: Speed: Fixed Limits (2006)
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Railroads: Speed: No Limit (2006)
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Railroads: Negligent Speed, Causation (2006)
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Railroads: Duty to Maintain Crossing Signs (2006)
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Railroads: Duty to Maintain Open View at Crossings (2006)
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Railroads: Duty to Have Proper Headlights (2006)
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Railroads: Ultrahazardous or Unusually Dangerous Crossings: Increased Duty (2006)
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Cause (2021)
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Cause: Normal Response (1998)
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Cause: Where Cause of Death is in Doubt (1998)
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Cause: Relation of a Medical Procedure to the Accident (1998)
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Negligent Infliction of Severe Emotional Distress (Bystander Claim) (2014)
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Personal Injuries: Negligent Infliction of Severe Emotional Distress (Separate or Direct Claim) (1/2024)
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Comparative Negligence: Plaintiff and One or More Defendants (2011)
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Comparative Negligence: Adult and Child (1990)
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Comparative Negligence: Plaintiff-Guest and Host-Defendant Negligent (1992)
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Comparative Negligence: Plaintiff-Guest Passively Negligent; Host (Or Other Driver) Negligent (2003)
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Comparative Negligence: Guest Passively Negligent; Claims Against and Among Drivers; Apportionment from One Comparative Negligence Question (2015)
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Comparative Negligence: Guest Passively Negligent; Claims Against and Among Drivers; Apportionment of Comparative Negligence from Two Questions (2003)
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Comparative Negligence: Where Negligence or Cause Question Has Been Answered by Court (1990)
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Servant: Driver of Automobile (Presumption from Ownership of Vehicle) (2003)
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Driver: Scope of Employment (2014)
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Joint Adventure (Enterprise): Automobile Cases (1990)
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Damages: General (2016)
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Damages: Burden of Proof in Tort Actions: Future Damages (Withdrawn in 2001)
Punitive Damages: Nonproducts Liability [For Actions Commenced Before May 17, 1995] (1996)
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Punitive Damages: Products Liability [For Actions Commenced Before May 17, 1995] (1996)
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Punitive Damages: Nonproducts Liability (2018)
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Punitive Damages: Products Liability (2008)
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Battery: Punitive Damages: Mitigation by Provocation (Withdrawn in 2010)
Aggravation of Injury Because of Medical Negligence (2015)
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Aggravation of Pre-existing Injury (1990)
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Aggravation or Activation of Latent Disease or Condition (1992)
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Damages from Nonconcurrent or Successive Torts (1992)
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Damages from Nonconcurrent or Successive Torts (To be used where several tortfeasors are parties) (1996)
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Enhanced Injuries (2009)
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Further Injury in Subsequent Event (2003)
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Damages: Duty to Mitigate: Physical Injuries (2012)
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Damages: Duty to Mitigate: Negligence or Breach of Contract (2012)
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Damages: Duty to Mitigate: Intentional Tort (2012)
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Damages: Not Taxable as Income (1990)
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Damages: Common Scheme or Plan; Concerted Action (Wis. Stat. § 895.045(2)) (2009)
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Personal Injuries: Negligence in Informing the Patient (2015)
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Personal Injuries: Medical Care: Offsetting Benefit from Operation Against Damages for Negligence in Informing the Patient (2015)
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Personal Injuries: Conversion Table for 1998 Revision of Damage Instructions (1998)
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Personal Injuries: Subdivided Question as to Past and Future Damages (1998)
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Personal Injuries: Past and Future: One Verdict Question (Except Past Loss of Earnings and Past Medical Expenses) (1998)
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Personal Injury: One Subdivided Question as to Past Damages (Withdrawn in 1998)
Personal Injuries: Past Health Care Expenses (2015)
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Personal Injuries: Past Health Care Expenses (Medical Negligence Cases) (Negligence of Long-Term Care Provider): Collateral Sources (2013)
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Personal Injuries: Future Health Care Expenses (2010)
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Personal Injuries: Past Loss of Earning Capacity (2016)
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Personal Injuries: Future Loss of Earning Capacity (2022)
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Personal Injuries: Past Pain, Suffering, and Disability (Disfigurement) (2009)
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Personal Injuries: Future Pain, Suffering, and Disability (Disfigurement) (1999)
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Personal Injuries: Past and Future Pain, Suffering, and Disability (Disfigurement) (1998)
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Personal Injuries: Severe Emotional Distress (2006)
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Personal Injuries: Loss of Business Profits (Withdrawn in 1998)
Personal Injuries: Past Loss of Professional Earnings (Withdrawn in 1998)
Loss of Earnings: Delay in Obtaining Degree (Withdrawn in 1999)
Personal Injury: Life Expectancy and Mortality Tables (1992)
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Damages: Present Value of Future Losses (2003)
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Damages: Effects of Inflation (1993)
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Property: Loss of Use of Repairable Automobile (1997)
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Property: Loss of Use of Nonrepairable Automobile (1997)
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Property: Destruction of Property (2010)
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Property: Damage to Repairable Property (2010)
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Property: Damage to Nonrepairable Property (2010)
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Property: Damage to a Growing Crop (1997)
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Trespass: Nominal Damages (2013)
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Quantum Meruit: Measure of Services Rendered (1992)
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Injury to Spouse: Loss of Consortium (2012)
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Injury to Spouse: Past Loss of Earning Capacity: Household Services (1993)
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Injury to Spouse: Future Loss of Earning Capacity: Household Services (2001)
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Injury to Spouse: Nursing Services: Past and Future (1992)
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Injury to Wife: Medical and Hospital Expenses (Withdrawn in 1995)
Injury to Wife: Medical and Hospital Bills: Dispute over Ownership of Claim (Withdrawn in 1995)
Injury to Minor Child: Parent's Damages for Loss of Child's Earnings and Services: Past and Future (2001)
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Injury to Minor Child: Parent's Damages for Loss of Society and Companionship (2001)
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Injury to Parent: Minor Child's Damages for Loss of Society and Companionship (2001)
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Injury to Minor Child: Parents' Damages for Medical Expenses: Past and Future (1996)
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Injury to Child: Parents' Damages for Services Rendered to Child: Past and Future (1992)
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Estate's Recovery for Medical, Hospital, and Funeral Expenses (2016)
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Estate's Recovery for Pain and Suffering (2018)
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Death of Husband: Pecuniary Loss (Withdrawn in 1992)
Death of Spouse (Domestic Partner): Pecuniary Loss (2010)
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Death of Wife: Pecuniary Loss (Withdrawn in 1992)
Death of Spouse: Surviving Spouse's Loss of Society and Companionship (2019)
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Death of Spouse: Medical, Hospital, and Funeral Expenses (1992)
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Death of Parent: Pecuniary Loss (2016)
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Death of Adult Child: Pecuniary Loss (2001)
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Damages: Death of Minor Child: Premajority Pecuniary Loss (2001)
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Damages: Death of Minor Child: Postmajority Pecuniary Loss (2001)
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Death of Child: Parent's Loss of Society and Companionship (2019)
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Death of Parent: Child's Loss of Society and Companionship (2019)
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Safe-Place Statute: Duty of Employer (1992)
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Safe-Place Statute: Injury to Frequenter: Negligence of Employer or Owner of a Place of Employment (2022)
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Safe-Place Statute: Definition of Frequenter (1996)
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Safe-Place Statute: Negligence of Plaintiff Frequenter (2004)
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Safe-Place Statute: Public Buildings: Negligence of Owner (1990)
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Safe-Place Statute: Place of Employment: Business (1990)
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Safe-Place Statute: Control (1992)
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Nuisance: Law Note (2/2025)
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Private Nuisance: Negligent Conduct (2/2025)
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Private Nuisance: Abnormally Dangerous Activity: Strict Liability (2/2025)
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Private Nuisance: Intentional Conduct (2/2025)
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Public Nuisance: Negligent Conduct (2/2025)
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Public Nuisance: Abnormally Dangerous Activity: Strict Liability (2/2025)
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Public Nuisance: Intentional Conduct (2/2025)
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Intentional torts 2000-2900
Intentional Tort: Liability of Minor (2014)
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Intentional Versus Negligent Conduct (1995)
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Assault (11/2025)
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Battery: Bodily harm (11/2025)
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Battery: offensive contact (11/2025)
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Battery: Liability of an aider and abettor (11/2025)
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Battery: Offensive Bodily Contact (Renumbered
Civil JI-2005.1
in 11/2025)
Battery: Self-Defense (11/2025)
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Battery: defense of property (11/2025)
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Battery: Self-Defense; Defendant's Dwelling, Motor Vehicle, Place of Business; Wis. Stat. 895.62 (11/2025)
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Battery: excessive force in arrest (11/2025)
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Battery: Defense of Property (Renumbered
Civil JI-2006.1
in 11/2025)
Battery: Liability of an Aider and Abettor (Renumbered
Civil JI-2005.2
in 11/2025)
Battery: Excessive Force in Arrest (Renumbered
Civil JI-2006.3
in 11/2025)
Assault and Battery: Offensive Bodily Contact (Renumbered
Civil JI-2005.5
in 2011)
Sports Injury: Reckless or Intentional Misconduct (1/2023)
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False Imprisonment: Definition (2014)
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False Imprisonment: Compensatory Damages (2014)
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False Arrest: Law Enforcement Officer; Without Warrant (1993)
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Federal Civil Rights: §§ 1981 and 1982 Actions (1993)
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Federal Civil Rights: § 1983 Actions (Withdrawn in 2014)
Federal Civil Rights: Excessive Force in Arrest (in Maintaining Jail Security) (Withdrawn in 2014)
Conversion: Dispossession (2014)
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Conversion: Refusal to Return Upon Demand (Refusal by Bailee) (1993)
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Conversion: Destruction or Abuse of Property (1991)
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Conversion: Damages (2016)
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Misrepresentation: Bases for Liability and Damages - Law Note for Trial Judges (1/2023)
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Misrepresentation: Intentional Deceit (1/2023)
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Misrepresentation: Strict Responsibility (1/2023)
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Misrepresentation: Negligence (1/2023)
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Intentional Misrepresentation: Measure of Damages in Actions Involving Sale [Exchange] of Property (Benefit of the Bargain) (2018)
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Strict Responsibility: Measure of Damages in Actions Involving Sale [Exchange] of Property (Benefit of the Bargain) (2018)
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Negligent Misrepresentation: Measure of Damages in Actions Involving Sale [Exchange] of Property (Out of Pocket Rule) (2014)
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Unfair Trade Practice: Untrue, Deceptive, or Misleading Representation: Wis. Stat. § 100.18(1) (Renumbered
Civil JI-2418B
in 2/2025)
Unfair trade practice: untrue, deceptive, or misleading representation: Wis. Stat. 100.18(11)(b)2 [for claims brought by private parties] (2/2025)
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Unfair trade practice: untrue, deceptive, or misleading representation: Wis. Stat. 100.18(1) [for claims brought by the state] (2/2025)
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Property Loss Through Fraudulent Misrepresentation: Wis. Stat. § 895.446 (Based on Conduct (Fraud) Prohibited by Wis. Stat. § 943.20) (2018)
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Civil Theft: Wis. Stat. § 895.446 (Based on Conduct (Theft) Prohibited by Wis. Stat. § 943.20(1)(a)) (2019)
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Defamation - Law Note for Trial Judges (7/2024)
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Defamation: Private Individual Versus Private Individual, No Privilege (1/2023)
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Defamation: Truth as a Defense (Nonmedia Defendant) (1/2023)
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Defamation: Truth of Statement (First Amendment Cases) (1/2023)
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Defamation: Private Individual Versus Private Individual with Conditional Privilege (1/2024)
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Defamation: Private Individual Versus Media Defendant (Negligent Standard) (2003)
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Defamation: Truth as Defense Where Plaintiff Charged with Commission of a Crime (Withdrawn in 1993)
Defamation: Public Figure Versus Media Defendant or Private Figure with Constitutional Privilege (Actual Malice) (7/2024)
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Defamation: Truth as Defense Where Plaintiff Not Charged with Commission of a Crime (Withdrawn in 1993)
Defamation: Express Malice (1/2023)
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Defamation: Effect of Defamatory Statement or Publication (Withdrawn in 1993)
Defamation: Compensatory Damages (1991)
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Defamation: Conditional Privilege: Abuse of Privilege (Renumbered
Civil JI-2507
in 1993)
Defamation: Public Official: Abuse of Privilege (Renumbered
Civil JI-2511
in 1993)
Defamation: Express Malice (Renumbered
Civil JI-2513
in 1993)
Defamation: Punitive Damages (2003)
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Invasion of Privacy (Publication of a Private Matter) Wis. Stat. § 995.50(2)(c) (1/2024)
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Invasion of Privacy: Highly Offensive Intrusion; Wis. Stat. § 995.50(2)(a) (1/2024)
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Invasion of Privacy: Publication of a Private Matter: Conditional Privilege (2003)
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Malicious Prosecution: Instituting a Criminal Proceeding (2022)
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Malicious Prosecution: Instituting a Civil Proceeding (2022)
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Malicious Prosecution: Advice of Counsel: Affirmative Defense (Criminal Proceeding) (2015)
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Malicious Prosecution: Advice of Counsel: Affirmative Defense (Civil Proceeding) (2015)
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Abuse of Process (2013)
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Home Improvement Practices Act Violation; Wisconsin Administrative Code Chapter ATCP 110; Wis. Stat. § 100.20 (2013)
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Theft by Contractor (Wis. Stat. § 779.02(5)) (1/2023)
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Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (2020)
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Employment Relations: Wrongful Discharge - Public Policy (11/2025)
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Bad Faith by Insurance Company (Excess Verdict Case) (2003)
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Bad Faith by Insurance Company: Assured's Claim (2012)
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Bad Faith by Insurance Company: Third Party Employee Claim Against Worker's Compensation Carrier (Withdrawn in 2009)
Wisconsin Fair Dealership Law: Existence of Dealership (2020)
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Wisconsin Fair Dealership Law: Good Cause for Termination, Cancellation, Nonrenewal, Failure to Renew, or Substantial Change in Competitive Circumstances (Wis. Stat. § 135.03) (2022)
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Wisconsin Fair Dealership Law: Adequate Notice by Grantor (Wis. Stat. § 135.04) (2005)
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Wisconsin Fair Dealership Law: Special Verdict (2005)
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Intentional Interference with Contractual Relationship (2/2025)
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Breach of fiduciary duty (11/2025)
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Breach of fiduciary duty: damages (11/2025)
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Breach of fiduciary duties: special verdict (11/2025)
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Trade Name Infringement (2022)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.04(1)(a) (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: Transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.04(1)(b) (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor - Wis. Stat. 242.05(1) (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor - Wis. Stat. 252.05(2) (11/2025)
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Transfer: defined - Wis. Stat. 242.01(12) (11/2025)
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Insider: defined - Wis. Stat. 242.01(7) (11/2025)
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Insolvency: defined - Wis. Stat. 242.02(2) (11/2025)
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Presumption of insolvency - Wis. Stat. 242.02(3) (11/2025)
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Reasonably equivalent value: definition (11/2025)
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Affirmative defense: good faith - Wis. Stat. 242.08 (11/2025)
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Affirmative defense: statute of limitations - Wis. Stat. 242.09 (11/2025)
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Trade Name Infringement: Damages (2010)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.04(1)(a): special verdict (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.04(1)(b): special verdict (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.05(1): special verdict (11/2025)
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Uniform voidable transactions: transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditors - Wis. Stat. 242.05(2): special verdict (11/2025)
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Conspiracy: Defined (2018)
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Conspiracy: Proof of Membership (2003)
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Conspiracy: Indirect Proof (2003)
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Conspiracy to be Viewed as a Whole (1993)
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Conspiracy between Affiliated Corporations (Withdrawn in 2009)
Conspiracy: Overt Acts (2003)
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Injury to Business: (Wis. Stat. § 134.01) (2008)
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Restraint of Will (Wis. Stat. § 134.01) (2003)
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Tort Immunity: Immunities Abrogated - Law Note for Trial Judges (1993)
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Contracts 3010-3760
Agreement (2011)
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Offer: Making (1993)
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Offer: Acceptance (1993)
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Offer: Rejection (1993)
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Offer: Revocation (1993)
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Consideration (1993)
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Definiteness and Certainty (1993)
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Implied Contract: General (1993)
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Implied Contract: Promise to Pay Reasonable Value (1993)
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Contracts Implied in Law (Unjust Enrichment) (7/2023)
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Modification by Mutual Assent (1993)
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Modification by Conduct (1993)
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Novation (1993)
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Integration of Several Writings (1993)
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Partial Integration: Contract Partly Written, Partly Oral (1993)
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Implied Duty of Good Faith (Performance of Contract) (2007)
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Definitions - "Bona Fide" (1993)
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Implied Promise of No Hindrance (1993)
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Time as an Element (2016)
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Duration (2016)
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Contracts: Subsequent Construction by Parties (1993)
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Contracts: Ambiguous Language (2012)
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Substantial Performance (1994)
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Breach of Contract (2007)
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Demand for Performance (2014)
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Sale of Goods: Delivery or Tender of Performance (1993)
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Waiver (2018)
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Waiver of Strict Performance (1993)
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Hindrance or Interference with Performance (1993)
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Impossibility: Original (1993)
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Impossibility: Supervening (1993)
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Impossibility: Partial (1993)
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Impossibility: Temporary (1993)
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Impossibility: Superior Authority (1993)
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Impossibility: Act of God (1993)
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Impossibility: Disability or Death of a Party (1993)
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Voidable Contracts: Duress, Fraud, Misrepresentation (2016)
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Frustration of Purpose (2020)
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Avoidance for Mutual Mistake of Fact (2014)
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Estoppel: Law Note for Trial Judges (2018)
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Contracts: Rescission for Nonperformance (2001)
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Abandonment: Mutual (1993)
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Termination of easement by abandonment (2022)
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Termination of Servant's Employment: Indefinite Duration (1993)
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Termination of Servant's Employment: Employer's Dissatisfaction (1993)
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Termination of Servant's Employment: Additional Consideration Provided by Employee (1993)
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Real Estate Listing Contract: Validity: Performance (2019)
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Real Estate Listing Contract: Termination for Cause (1993)
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Real Estate Listing Contract: Broker's Commission on Sale Subsequent to Expiration of Contract Containing "Extension" Clause (1993)
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Residential Eviction: Possession of Premises (11/2025)
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Landlord - Tenant: Constructive Eviction (11/2025)
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Insurance Contract: Misrepresentation or Breach of Affirmative Warranty by the Insured (1998)
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Insurance Contract: Failure of Condition or Breach of Promissory Warranty (1994)
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Insurance Contract: Definition of "Resident" or "Member of a Household" (2022)
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Owner's Permission for Use of Automobile (1993)
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Failure of Insured to Cooperate (2016)
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Failure to Cooperate: Materiality (2016)
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Failure to Give Notice to Insurer (1994)
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Failure to Give Notice to Insurer: Materiality (2002)
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Products Liability: Law Note (2021)
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Implied Warranty: Merchantability Defined (2009)
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Implied Warranty: Fitness for Particular Purpose (1994)
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Implied Warranty: By Reason of Course of Dealing or Usage of Trade (1994)
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Implied Warranty: Sale of Food (1994)
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Implied Warranty: Exclusion or Modification (2009)
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Implied Warranty: Exclusion by Reason of Course of Dealing or Usage of Trade (1994)
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Implied Warranty: Use of Product after the Defect Known (2009)
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Implied Warranty: Failure to Examine Product (2009)
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Implied Warranty: Susceptibility or Allergy of User (2009)
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Implied Warranty: Improper Use (1994)
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Implied Warranty: Notice of Breach (1993)
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Express Warranty: General (1994)
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Express Warranty: No Duty of Inspection (1994)
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Express Warranty: Statement of Opinion (1994)
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Express Warranty under the Uniform Commercial Code (1994)
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Negligence: Duty of Manufacturer (2007)
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Negligence: Duty of Manufacturer (2020)
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Negligence: Duty of Manufacturer (Seller) to Give Adequate Instructions as to Use of a Complicated Machine (Product) (1994)
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Negligence: Duty of Manufacturer (Seller) Who Undertakes to Give Instruction as to the Use of a Machine (Product) (1994)
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Negligence: Duty of Restaurant Operator in Sale of Food Containing Harmful Natural Ingredients (1994)
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Negligence: Duty of Seller: Installing (Servicing) Product (1994)
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Duty of Buyer or Consumer: Contributory Negligence (2015)
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Strict Liability: Duty of Manufacturer to Ultimate User (For Actions Commenced Before February 1, 2011) (2014)
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Product Liability: Wis. Stat. § 895.047 (For Actions Commenced after January 31, 2011) (1/2024)
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Strict Liability: Duty of Manufacturer (Supplier) to Warn (For Actions Commenced Before February 1, 2011) (2014)
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Strict Liability: Definition of Business (1994)
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Strict Liability: Contributory Negligence (2015)
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Strict Products Liability: Special Verdict (For Actions Commenced Before February 1, 2011) (2014)
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Product Liability: Wis. Stat. § 895.047: Verdict (For Actions Commenced after January 31, 2011) (2014)
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Risk Contribution: Negligence: Verdict (For Actions Commenced Before February 1, 2011) (2014)
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Risk Contribution: Negligence Claim (For Actions Commenced Before February 1, 2011) (2014)
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Risk Contribution: Negligence: Verdict (Wis. Stat. § 895.046) (For Actions Commenced after January 31, 2011) (2014)
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Lemon Law Claim: Special Verdict (2016)
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Lemon Law Claim: Nonconformity (2001)
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Lemon Law Claim: Four Attempts to Repair: Same Nonconformity (1999)
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Lemon Law Claim: Out of Service Warranty Nonconformity (Warranty on or after March 1, 2014) (2016)
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Lemon Law Claim: Failure to Repair (Relating to Special Verdict Question 6) (2006)
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Magnuson Moss Claim (2020)
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Damages: Building Contracts: Measure of Damages (2012)
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Consequential Damages for Breach of Contract (2018)
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Damages: Incidental (1994)
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Damages: Future Profits (2008)
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Damages: Loss of Expectation (1994)
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Damages: Termination of Real Estate Listing Contract (Exclusive) by Seller; Broker's Recovery (1994)
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Damages: Breach of Contract by Purchaser (1994)
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Damages: Breach of Contract by Seller (1994)
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Damages: Attorney Fees (1994)
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Agency, Employment, Business organizations 4000-4080
Agency: Definition (2019)
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General Agent: Definition (1994)
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Special Agent: Definition (1994)
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Agency: Apparent Authority (1994)
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Agency: Implied Authority (1994)
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Agency: Ratification (1994)
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Agent's Duties Owed to Principal (1994)
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Agency: Without Compensation (2005)
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Agency: Termination: General (1994)
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Agency: Termination: Notice to Third Parties (1994)
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Servant: Definition (2015)
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Servant: Scope of Employment (2020)
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Servant: Scope of Employment; Going to and from Place of Employment (2014)
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Servant: Scope of Employment While Traveling (2020)
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Servant: Master's Ratification of Wrongful Acts Done Outside Scope of Employment (1994)
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Servant: Vicarious Liability of Employer (2005)
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Independent Contractor: Definition (2005)
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Partnership (2009)
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Persons 5001-7070
Paternity: Child of Unmarried Woman (2021)
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Child in Need of Protection or Services (Withdrawn in 2014)
Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights: Child in Need of Protection or Services: Preliminary Instruction (Withdrawn in 2014)
Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights: Continuing Need of Protection or Services (Withdrawn in 2014)
Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights: Abandonment under Wis. Stat. § 48.415(1)(a) 2 or 3 (Withdrawn in 2014)
Involuntary Commitment: Mentally Ill (2022)
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Involuntary Commitment: Mentally Ill: Recommitment Alleging Wis. Stat. 51.20(1)(am) (1/2023)
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Petition for Guardianship of the Person: Incompetency; Wis. Stat. § 54.10(3)(a)2 (2019)
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Petition for Guardianship of the Estate: Incompetency; Wis. Stat. § 54.10(3)(a)3 (2009)
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Petition for Guardianship of the Estate: Spendthrift; Wis. Stat. § 54.10(2) (2009)
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Petition for Guardianship of Incompetent Person and Application for Protective Placement; Wis. Stat. § 54.10 and 55.08(1) (2/2025)
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Petition for Guardianship of Incompetent Person and Application for Protective Services; Wis. Stat. § 54.10 and 55.08(2) (2014)
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Involuntary Commitment: Habitual Lack of Self-Control as to the Use of Alcohol Beverages (2003)
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Property 8012-8145
Trespasser: Definition (2013)
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Consent of Possessor to Another's Being on Premises (2013)
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Duty of Hotelkeeper to Furnish Reasonably Safe Premises and Furniture for Guests (Renumbered
Civil JI-8051
in 1994)
Duty of Owner or Possessor of Real Property to Nontrespasser User (2020)
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Trespass: Owner's Duty to Trespasser; Duty to Child Trespasser (Attractive Nuisance) (2022)
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Trespass: Special Verdict (2016)
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Trespass: Child Trespasser (Attractive Nuisance): Special Verdict (2013)
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Duty of Owner of a Building Abutting on a Public Highway (2006)
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Highway or Sidewalk Defect or Insufficiency (2/2025)
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Duty of Owner of Place of Amusement: Common Law (1994)
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Duty of a Proprietor of a Place of Business to Protect a Patron from Injury Caused by Act of Third Person (2012)
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Duty of Hotel Innkeeper: Providing Security (1994)
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Duty of Hotelkeeper to Furnish Reasonably Safe Premises and Furniture for Guests (2020)
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Adverse Possession Not Founded on Written Instrument (Wis. Stat. § 893.25) (2/2025)
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Prescriptive rights by user: domestic corporation, cooperative association, or cooperative [Wis. Stat. § 893.28 (2)] (1/2023)
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Eminent Domain: Fair Market Value (Total Taking) (1/2023)
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Eminent Domain: Fair Market Value (Partial Taking) (2012)
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Eminent Domain: Severance Damages (2008)
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Eminent Domain: Severance Damages: Cost-To-Cure (2007)
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Eminent Domain: Unity of Use - Two or More Parcels (2007)
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Eminent Domain: Lands Containing Marketable Materials (2008)
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Eminent Domain: Severance Damages; Unity of Use (Renumbered
Civil JI-8104
in 2008)
Eminent Domain: Change in Grade (2022)
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Eminent Domain: Access Rights (1/2023)
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Eminent Domain: Air Rights (2007)
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Taking of a Limited Easement (1/2024)
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Eminent Domain: Special Benefits (2008)
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Eminent Domain: Comparable Sales Approach (2022)
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Eminent Domain: Inconvenience to Landowner (Withdrawn in 2008)
Eminent Domain: Income Approach (2008)
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Eminent Domain: Cost Approach (2008)
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Eminent Domain: Legal Nonconforming Use, Lot or Structure (Definitions) (2007)
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Eminent Domain: Assemblage (2007)
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The Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions are created and edited by the Wisconsin Civil Jury Instructions Committee of the Wisconsin Judicial Conference. Instructions include contributions from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School, and are used with its permission.
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